Statistical Process

Control
Process Capability

Process capability is the ability of the process to meet the

design specifications for a service or product.

Process Capability

Process Capability

Process
capability refers to whether a process is capable of giving what is
Graph
needed/wanted. Designing processes to be capable is an essential part of
quality management. In order to produce quality output, processes need to
meet or exceed customers expectations.
Ratio & Index

tolerance (tolerance) is an allowable amount of variation of a

Customers Requirement: Temperature of coffee is 160F
specified quantity

st Served Coffee: 157 F

1st
MENU

160F
10F
P150
nd Served Coffee: 162 F
2nd
160F 5F
P200
160F 2F
P250

Coffee

rd Served Coffee: 159 F

3rd

160.9532
st
th
st Served Coffee: 153
4
1th
160 F
F

Coffee

Specs:
160F 10F Capable
Std. Deviation = 5F

Capable at 2 level

95.4499736%

4.5500264%
1 out of 20-21 will be
defective

Capable at 3 level

99.7300204%

0.2699796%
1 out of 370-400 will be
defective

Capable at 4 level

99.993666%

0.006334%
1 out of 15000-20000 will
be defective

Capable at 5 level

99.9999426697%

0.0000573303%
1 out of 1.7M-2M will be
defective

Capable at 6 level

99.9999998027%

0.0000001973%
1 out of 500M will be
defective

95.4499736% Good output, 4.5500264% (1/20)

Defective

99.7300204% Good output, 0.2699796% (1/400)

Defective

99.993666% Good output, 0.006334% (1/20K)

Defective

99.9999426697% Good output, 0.0000573303%

(1/2M) Defective

99.9999998027% Good output, 0.0000001973%

(1/500M) Defective

Process Capability

Process Capability

Process Capability
Process Capability Measures

Six Sigma
The process
capability index or process capability ratio is a statistical
measure of process capability. It shows the ability of a process to produce
output within specification limits.

Cp
Process Capability
Ratio

USL=170, LSL=150, =5

Cp

Cp

3: =3.33

4: =2.5

5: =2

6: =1.67

Cpp

Cpp

Cpp

Cpp

C
Process
Capability
Index
pk
C

pk

Cpk
+

Six Sigma

Six Sigma

Six Sigma seeks to improve the quality of process outputs by identifying

and removing the causes of defects (errors) and minimizing variability in
manufacturing and business processes. A six sigma process is one in
which 99.99966% of the products manufactured are statistically expected
to be free of defects (3.4 defective parts/million).

Six Sigma

A phone is composed of 20 components

20 = 99.9932%
(0.9999966)20

or 68 out of 1 000 000 are defective