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Chapter4 (202) Elastic Foundation
Chapter4 (202) Elastic Foundation
ELASTIC FOUNDATIONS
* Bending of beams on elastic foundations and solutions
** Solution by superposition and Contact stress problems
4.1 Introduction and Foundation Models ---- Winkler
Foundation
4.2 Governing Equations For Uniform Straight Beams on
Elastic Foundations
4.3 Semi-infinite and Infinite Beams with Concentrated Loads
4.4 Semi-infinite and Infinite Beams with Distributed Loads,
Short Beams
4.5 Contact Stresses ---- Problem and Solutions
(a)
d 2M
dM
dV
= q,
=V
= q
dx 2
dx
dx
d 2w
d 4w
M = EI
EI
=q
dx 2
dx 4
(b)
(a)
(b)
(c)
dV
dM
d 2M
= q + kw ,
=V
= kw q
dx
dx
dx 2
d 2w
d 4w
M = EI
EI
+ kw = q
2
4
dx
dx
3
d 4w
EI
+ kw = q
4
dx
By introducing a parameter b (unit L-1)
1
k 4
=
4 EI
The solution of the governing equation can be written as
(a)
(b)
x =0
d 2w
= EI 2
dx
x =0
x =0
d w
= EI 3
dx
x =0
2 2 M o
= M o C3 =
k
2 Po 2 2 M o
= 0 = Po C 4 =
k
k
So finally we have:
2 Po
2 M o
D x
C x ,
k
k
2 2 Po
4 3M o
dw
=
=
A x +
D x , M ( x ), V ( x )
dx
k
k
w(x) =
All M(x), V(x), w(x), (x) are damped sine and cosine wave
l Example
A downward force of
k 4
=
= 0.001645/ mm
4 EI
2Po
= 8.225mm
k
From =
2 2 Po
A x , we find Ax =
k
0 at
2 Po Dx
k
= 0.551mm
Mc
= 115MPa appears on top of the beam at
I
x = /4 = 477mm.
l Infinite beams with concentrated load
at x = 0,
P
2 2 o
2
=
k
4 2 M
P
+
o
= 0 Mo = o
k
4
due to
x =0
Mo
,M
2
x =0
Mo
.
2
Substituting
w x =0 = 0 =
2 Po 2 ( M o 2 )
M
Po = o
k
k
2
10
Mo
M
, M = o into basic
2
2
2M o
dw 3 M o
=
w ( x) =
B x , =
C x
k
dx
k
M o
M
M ( x) = o Dx , V =
A x
2
2
11
l Example:
P = 18kN
1.1m
distributed force kw
of Winkler foundation
by a series of springs
1
4
= 6.136x10 -4 /mm
12
Po
A x = 22.1mm, the maximum
2k
x= 0
Po
C x = 7 .33 kN m
4
13
l Example:
w = w1 + w2 ; M = M 1 + M 2
14
The
(II)
M=0
w=0
(a)
(b)
w = C 3 B x + C 4 D x +
qo
k
(due to qo)
15
x= 0
2 2 M o
= M o C3 =
,V
k
x =0
2 Po 2 2 M o
= Po C 4 =
k
k
16
w =
Po
A x
2k
dwQ =
qo dx
Ax
2k
b
qo a
= qo D a + D b
A
dx
+
A
dx
x
0 x 2 k x 0 x 0
2 k 0
q
w Q = o (2 D a D b )
2k
wQ =
Mq =
and Q =
qo
(Ba + Bb )
4 2
qo
( Aa A b ),V Q = q o (C a C b )
2k
4
17
(a)
(II)
(III)
(b)
(c)
18
(a)
(b)
at x = ,
L
2
P
2
,M=V=0
(2) Get four constants C1, C2, C3, C4, the results are known
and are tabulated for several cases.
(3) Also 3 cases can be classified: (a) short beams; (b)
intermediate beams; (c) long beams.
The ratio
19
20
(a)
(b)
sphere of infinite
radius
FIGURE 5.8.1. Radius a of the contact area and peak contact pressure po for
the cases of (a) two spheres of equal radius, and (b) a sphere on a half-space
(which amounts to a sphere of infinite radius). Poissons ratio is taken as =
0.3.
E R1 + R2
1
3
po =
R + R2
3 P
=
0
.
388
PE 2 1
2
2 a
R
R
1 2
1
3
10a)
(1) Contact area: long rectangle L x 2a
21
(2) a = 1.52
P R1R2
PE R1 + R2
, po = 0 .418
LE R1 + R2
L R1R2
1 + 2
po , z = po
2
(a)
(c)
(b)
FIGURE 5.8.2. (a) Circular contact area between two spheres. Contact
pressure varies quadratically from a maximum of po at x = y = 0. (b) Principal
stresses and maximum shear stress along the axis of loads P in contacting
spheres, for = 0.3. (c) Rectangular contact area between parallel cylinders.
22