$/.

2+2/,0(7$12/(7$12/,3523$12/,,1-,+29$83275(%$8
5(67$85$7256.2-,6/,.$56.2-7(+12/2*,-,


$QD5DGL
NRQ]HUYDFLMDrestauracija tefelajnih slika i polikromiranog drva, IV. godina.)


 


/DUD $UDQ]D SUHGDYD L MHGDQ RG YRGLWHOMD VSHFLMDOLVWLNRJ XVPMHUHQMD ]D

konzervaciju i restauraciju tafelajnih slika i polikromiranog drva Odsjeka za konzervatorstvo
UHVWDXUDWRUVWYR8PMHWQLNHDNDGHPLMH





6$'5$-


120(1./$785$

),=,.$/1$,.(0,-6.$692-679$
0(7$12/
(7$12/
3523$12/,
PIRIT

83275(%$$/.2+2/$87(+12/2*,-,5(67$85$&,-(6/,.$
.21752/$1$3$'$*/-,9,&$
.2162/,'$&,-$'59$
,635$9/-$1-('()250$&,-$'59(1,+126,7(/-$
,(1-(32/( ,1(6/,.(2'926.$,/,/,-(3,/$
7(67=$867$129/-$9$1-(3520-(1$1$6/,.$1206/2-8
,=2/$&,-6.,/$.29,
RETUIRANJE
60-(6(27$3$/$=$8./$1-$1-(/$.29$
*(/29,=$8./$1-$1-(8/-$1,+/$.29$

83275(%$$/.2+2/$86/,.$56.2-7(+12/2*,-,
35,35(0$787.$/12.5('1(35(3$5$&,-(
POSPJEIVANJE SPOSOBNOSTI KVAENJA PIGMENTA
65('679$=$),.6,5$1-(
35,35(0$$/.2+2/1,+/$.29$
35,35(0$32/,0(17$=$32=/$78

5.
KORITENA LITERATURA















892'
,PH DONRKRO SRWMHH RG DUDSVNH ULMHL DONXKDO
DONRKO NRMD MH R]QDDYDOD

praak za bojenje trepavica; od Paracelsusa GDOMHWDMVHQD]LYXSRWUHEOMDYD]D
svaki fini praak i destiliranu tekuLQX
1DMVWDULML SUHGVWDYQLN RYH YDQH JUXSH RUJDQVNLK NHPLMVNLK VSRMHYD HWLOQL
DONRKRO HWDQRO SLULW VSLULWXV YLQL SR]QDW MH YLH RG WLVXX JRGLQD 3UYL
SRNXDMLGHVWLODFLMHHWDQROD]DELOMHHQLVXYHX9,L9,,VWNRGDOHNVDQGULMVNLK
DONHPLDUD
*UXSD VSRMHYD NRMD MH VYRMH LPH GRELOD SR HWLOalkoholu daleko je premaila
VDVWDYQLGLRRSRMQLKSLD'DQDVDONRKROLSUHGVWDYOMDMXYDQXJUXSXVLURYLQDL
SRVUHGQLND ]D RUJDQVNH VLQWH]H NRMH X NRQDQLFL YRGH GR SURGXNDWD NDR WR
VX RWDSDOD RPHNLYDL XPMHWQD YODNDQD SODVWLQH PDVH VUHGVWYD ]D
LHQMHLWG

$ONRKROL VX RUJDQVNL VSRMHYL NRML VDGUH KLGURNVLOQX VNXSLQX 2+ YH]DQX ]D
XJOMLNRY DWRP LOL YLH QMLK YH]DQLK ]D SR MHGDQ XJOMLNRY DWRP NRML QLMH ODQ
DURPDWVNHMH]JUH


120(1./$785$
$ONRKROL V MHGQRP KLGURNVLOQRP VNXSLQRP MHGQRYDOHQWQL DONRKROL PRQROL
QD]LYDMXVHLOLSUHPDDONLOQRMJUXSLPHWLODONRKROHWLODONRKROSURSLODONRKROLWG
LOL LP VH LPH WYRUL WDNR GD VH QD LPH RGJRYDUDMXHJ XJOMLNRYRGLND GRGDMH
QDVWDYDNROLGDVHDNRMHSRWUHEQRR]QDLQDNRMLMHXJOMLNRYDWRPPROHNXOH
YH]DQDKLGURNVLOQDJUXSDPHWDQROHWDQROSURSDQRO7UHDVHJUXSDLPHQD
L]YRGL RG VWDURJ LPHQD ]D PHWDQRO NDUELQRO 3R RYRM VH QRPHQNODWXUL QSU
HWDQRO&+ &+ 2+]RYHPHWLONDUELQRO 
$ONRKROL X NRMLPD MH KLGURNVLOQD JUXSD YH]DQD ]D SULPDUQL XJOMLNRY DWRP
QD]LYDMX VH SULPDUQL DONRKROL $NR VH KLGURNVLOQD VNXSLQD QDOD]L QD
VHNXQGDUQRP XJOMLNRYRP DWRPX DONRKRO MH VHNXQGDUQL DNR VH QDOD]L QD
WHUFLMDUQRPXJOMLNRYXDWRPXDONRKROMHWHUFLMDUQL
$ONRKROL NRML LPDMX GYLMH KLGURNVLOQH JUXSH QD]LYDMX VH GLROL GYRYDOHQWQL
DONRKROLDONRKROLNRMLLPDMXWULKLGURNVLOQHVNXSLQHWULROLWURYDOHQWQLDONRKROLD
alkoholi s vie hidroksilnih skupinaSROLROLSRYOLDOHQWQLDONRKROL
0QRJLDONRKROLLPDMXWULYLMDOQDQHVLVWHPDWVNDLPHQD8QDVWRMDQMXGDVHLXWD
imena unese neki sistem, ona se modificiraju tako da zavravaju na ROQSU
PMHVWR JOLFHULQ NDH VH JOLFHURO LWG 7ULYLMDOQLP LPHQLPD VSRMHYD NRML QLVX
alkoholi, a zavravaju na ROWDMVHQDVWDYDNPLMHQMDXGUXJLNDUDNWHULVWLDQ
]DJUXSXNRMRMWLVSRMHYLSULSDGDMXWDNRVHPMHVWREHQ]RONDHEHQ]HQLVO


),=,.$/1$,.(0,-6.$692-679$
6RE]LURPQDVWUXNWXUXPRHVHVPDWUDWLGDVHDONRKROLRGYRGHRGPROHNXOH
YRGH ]DPMHQRP MHGQRJ YRGLNRYD DWRPD DONLOQRP VNXSLQRP $ONRKROL VDGUH
NDR L YRGD KLGURNVLOQX VNXSLQX SD VH PRH RHNLYDWL GD H YRGD L DONRKROL
LPDWLGRQHNOHVOLQDIL]LNDOQDLNHPLMVNDVYRMVWYD
7RND YUHQMD DONRKROD ]QDWQR MH YLD QHJR WRND YUHQMD ]DVLHQLK
XJOMLNRYRGLND V LVWRP PROHNXODUQRP WHLQRP 9LVRNRM WRNL NOMXDQMD DONRKROD
UD]ORJ MH LVWL NDR L YLVRNRM WRNL NOMXDQMD YRGH GMHORPLQD DVRFLMDFLMD SUHNR
YRGLNRYLK YH]D 7D YH]D QDVWDMH L]PH X YRGLNRYD DWRPD YH]DQRJ QD QHNL

atom koji ima veliki afinitet prema elektronima, kao to su flour, kisik i duik, i
MHGQRJRYDNYRJDWRPDL]GUXJHPROHNXOH
.DNRVXXXVSRUHGELVYRGRPDONRKROL]QDWQRVODELMHNLVHOLQHWR]QDLGDMH
SURWRQXQMLPD]QDWQRVODELMHYH]DQRQLSRND]XMXVODELMXWHQGHQFLMXVWYDUDQMD
YRGLNRYH YH]H QHJR YRGD SD LP MH VWXSDQM DVRFLMDFLMH PDQML 0HWLOQL DONRKRO
LPD VWRJD ]QDWQR QLX WRNX YUHQMD QHJR YRGD PDGD PX MH PROHNXODUQD
WHLQDYHD3ULPDUQLPDONRKROLPDVQHUD]JUDQDWLPODQFHPSRYLVXMHVHWRND
NOMXDQMD]DFFD&SRVYDNRMGRGDQRMVNXSLQL&+ 
*UDQDQMHP XJOMLNRYRGLNRYD ODQFD VQLDYD VH WRND NOMXDQMD DONRKROD 3UYL
DONRKRO V QHUD]JUDQDWLP ODQFHP NRML MH YUVW QD VREQRM WHPSHUDWXUL MH
GRGHNDQRODONRKROLVUD]JUDQXWLPODQFHPQDLVWRMWHPSHUDWXULVXYUVWLLRQGD
NDGLPDMXPDQMHXJOMLNRYLKDWRPDSULPMHULFHWHUFEXWDQROMHYUVWDWYDU
$ONRKROL V PDQMH RG  XJOMLNRYD DWRPD L WHUFbutanol mijeaju se s vodom u
svakom omjeru; u vodi se na 20 C otapa 8% butanola , a alkohola s vie od
 XJOMLNRYLK DWRPD RWDSD VH PDQMH RG  8]DMDPQRM WRSOMLYRVWL DONRKROD L
YRGH ]QDWQR SRPDH QDVWDMDQMH YRGLNRYLK YH]D L]PH X PROHNXOD DONRKROD L
vode. Kad ugljikovodikov lanac naraste na vie od 4 ugljikova atoma, ove sile
YLHQLVXGRYROMQHGDRPRJXHWRSOMLYRVW
$ONRKROLNDRRWDSDODSULSULSUDYLODNRYDXVOLNDUVWYXSRHOLVXVHNRULVWLWLYHRPD
GDYQR *OHGDMXL JHQHUDOQR WR VX UHODWLYQR MDND RUJDQVND RWDSDOD ]D XOMHQX
ERMX L RVWDUMHOH ODN ILOPRYH RVRELWR QHNL GHQDWXULUDQL ODNRYL 5HODWLYQR EU]R
KODSH SD LK VH PRH NRULVWLWL ]D ODNLUDQMH VOLND EH] RVRELWH RSDVQRVWL GD H
GMHORYDti na bojani sloj, iako je s nekim denaturiranim lakovima potrebno vie
RSUH]D
Alkoholi su dobra otapala za mnoge smole npr. elak PDWHULMDONRMLVHGDQDV
XJODYQRPQHNRULVWL]ERJQHVWDELOQRVWLQHNYDOLWHWHILOPDLVNXSRHDRWDSDRVH
LVNOMXLYRXDONRKROX$ONRKROLPDOHPROHNXODUQHWHLQHEXEUHRVXHQHILOPRYH
XOMHQHERMHKODSOMLYLVXL]DSDOMLYL


0(7$12/PHWLODONRKRONDUELRO&+ 2+

0HWDQROMHEH]ERMQDQHXWUDOQD]DSDOMLYDWHNXLQDVNDUDNWHULVWLQLPPLULVRP
NRMDMHYUORRWURYQDDNRVHX]PHLQWHUQR
Vrelite: 64,5 64,7 C Ledite: 97,8 C
0HWDQRO MH SUYL ]DSD]LR 5REHUW %R\OH  X WHNXLQL NRMD MH GRELYHQD SUL
VXKRMGHVWLODFLMLGUYHWD6LQWHWL]LUDRJDMHSUYL%HUWKHORW8VOLMHGHLPMH
GHVHWOMHLPD MHGLQL MH L]YRU PHWDQROD ELOD YRGHQD IUDNFLMD GRELYHQD SUL VXKRM
GHVWLODFLML GUYHWD 3ULMH QHWR YLH RG HWUGHVHW JRGLQD UHDOL]LUDQD MH VLQWH]D
PHWDQRODL]XJOMLQRJPRQRNVLGDLYRGLNDRQDMHNDSDFLWHWRPWROLNRQDGPDLOD
VXKX GHVWLODFLMX GUYHWD GD WD GHVWLODFLMD GDMH GDQDV VDPR  RG XNXSQH
SURL]YRGQMHPHWDQROD
1DMYHDNROLLQDPHWDQRODWURLVH]DVLQWH]XIRUPDOGHKLGDLNDRGRGDWDNYRGL
XKODGQMDFLPDDXWRPRELODQDGDOMHVHXSRWUHEOMDYDNDRRWDSDORLNDRGRGDWDN
YHOLNRPEURMXNHPLNDOLMDNRMHVHSURL]YRGHXPDOLPNROLLQDPD
'DQDV VH SUDNWLNL VDY PHWDQRO GRELYD VLQWH]RP L] YRGLND L XJOMLQRJ
PRQRNVLGD8PDQMLPNROLLQDPDSURL]YRGLVHPHWDQROLVLQWH]RPL]XJOMLQRJ
GLRNVLGDLYRGLND
2WURYQRVW-DNRMHRWURYDQDNRVHSRSLMHGMHOXMHQDRQLLYDFLL]D]LYDVOLMHSLOR
X SRHWNX RWURYDQMD QDVWXSD MDND JODYREROMD VUDQL JUHYL L VPHWQMH X YLGX
,]X]HWQRMH]DSDOMLY3UYDSRPRSULWURYDQMXPHWDQRORPMHVOLMHGHDWRSULMH
L]YHVWLXQHVUHHQRJQDVYMH]UDNLDNRMHSULVYLMHVWLGDWLPXWRYLHWHNXLQH

D DNR MH X QHVYLMHVWL WUHED PX RVORERGLWL GLQH SXWRYH L SR]YDWL OLMHQLND 8
VOXDMXGRGLUDVRLPDGRYROMQRMHLVSLUDQMHLVWRPYRGRPDXVOXDMXGRGLUDV
NRRPNRXWDNR HUWUHEDLVSUDWLYRGRPLSRWRPQDPD]DWL]DWLWQRPNUHPRP
QDED]LYD]HOLQD


(7$12/HWLODONRKROPHWLONDUELQRO&+ &+ 2+

%H]ERMQDMHQHXWUDOQDWHNXLQD
Vrelite: 78,4 C Ledite: 114 C
(WDQRO MH GDNOH SR]QDW YH GXJR YUHPHQD 'RELYDR VH LVNOMXLYR YUHQMHP GR
GYDGHVHWLK JRGLQD RYRJ VWROMHD NDGD VH SRHR GRELYDWL VLQWHWVNL L] HWLOHQD
LQGLUHNWQRP KLGUDWDFLMRP L L] DFHWDOGHKLGD KLGURJHQLUDQMHP 3UYD WYRUQLFD
HWDQRODL]HWLOHQDSRGLJQXWDMHX(QJOHVNRMJRGLQH(WLOHQVHGRELYDRL]
NRNHULMVNLK SOLQRYD .DVQLMH NDR L]YRU HWLOHQD VOXH ]HPQL SOLQRYL L SOLQRYL NRML
VHGRELYDMXNDRQXVSURGXNWNUHNRYDQMD QDIWH
7HKQRORJLMDSURL]YRGQMHHWDQRODL]YUVWDQMHSULPMHUJROHPRJUD]YRMDRUJDQVNH
NHPLMVNHLQGXVWULMHXSURWHNOLKJRGLQD
2WURYQRVW QHRWURYDQ NRULVWL VH L ]D OMXGVNX KUDQX  DOL DNR VH NRULVWL X YHLP
NROLLQDPDGMHOXMHVOLQRNDRLPHWDQRO

3523$12/,

3RVWRMH GYD L]RPHUD SURSDQROD SURSDQRO L SURSDQRO 2ED LPDMX WHKQLNX

YDQRVW
3URSDQRO QSURSLODONRKRO HWLONDUELQRO &+ &+ &+ 2+  EH]ERMQD WHNXLQD
koja se u svim omjerima mijea s vodom.
Vrelite: 82,4 C 
'ROD]L L XOMX D LQGXVWULMVNL VH GDQDV SURL]YRGL XJODYQRP RNVRVLQWH]RP L]
HWLOHQDXJOMLQRJPRQRNVLGDLYRGLND8SRWUHEOMDYDVHXJODYQRPNDRRWDSDORL
SRVUHGQLN]DGRELYDQMHQSURSLODFHWDWDSURSLRQVNHNLVHOLQHSURSLRQDOGHKLGDL
YLQLOSURSLRQDWD
3URSDQROL]RSURSLODONRKROL]RSURSDQRO&+ &+2+&+ 
Vrelite: 82,4 C 
'RELYDVHDQDORJQRHWDQROXL]SURSLOHQDSXWHPSURSLOVXOIDWD
3URSDQRO MH YUOR VOLDQ HWDQROX NDNR MH QMHJRYD SURL]YRGQMD ODND D
PROHNXODUQD WHLQD YHD RQ MH MHIWLQLML SD QDPQRJLP SRGUXMLPD ]DPMHQMXMH
HWDQRO'RVWDYHOLNHNROLLQHSURSDQROD2 troe se kao otapalo, a vie od 50%
XNXSQHSURL]YRGQMHVOXL]DGRELYDQMHDFHWRQD


2.4. pirit 

pirit je denaturirani alkohol odnosno sastoji se od 98% alkohola etanola i 2%

PHWDQROD 'RGDWNRP PHWDQROD RQHPRJXHQD MH XSRWUHED SLULWD X LQGXVWULML
DONRKROQLK SLD D SULNODGQLML MH ]D JRUHQMH L ]D LQGXVWULMVNH VYUKH 6DGUDM
PHWDQRODLQLJDMDLPRWDSDORPRGHWDQRODDOLLVWRWDNRLRWURYQLMLPSLULWQD
WULWXQDOD]LPRNDRJRULYR]DNXKDODLRWDSDOR]DSROLWXUH







 
CB8D E FHG I

D E FHG I
ab G8c8E`FHG I d2P

VRELITE
(C)

J8K
ZHY
YeP

  
  
L6M N
P+M L
P+M P

! "#!#$%
&(')+*, -.
OM J+N
N[P
P9M L

%#"/ 0$#$%
&21+1'3.
P 8O O Q(R SR T/U
N\O8O ]
O Q(/U
L`O8O (Q R T/U

%/4654%/7
 "48
NHN
N[P
N[P

(C)




83275(%$$/.2+2/$87(+12/2*,-,5(67$85$&,-(6/,.$

9 :$ 8;9!
9/$54+%
%6#; 9 #!%/
< =><2?@<(A
V8OWP8PXLY
VHJ^N\Y_L`J
V8YfN\Z_LK

.21752/$1$3$'$*/-,9,&$

U prolosti dobra svojstva u borbi protiv gljivica pokazala je otopina ,9,1$

./25,'$X $/.2+2/8LOL 92',DOLMHL]EDHQDL]XSRWUHEHWLKJRGLQD]ERJ
YHOLNHRWURYQRVWLLORHJGMHORYDQMDYHOLNHNROLLQHDONRKRODLOLYRGHQDGUYR

.2162/,'$&,-$'59$,6/,.$12*6/2-$
'UYR XJODYQRP VDGUL SRODUQH WYDUL SRSXW FHOXOR]H L OLJQLQD NRML QD SRODUQD
RWDSDOD UHDJLUDMX SRYHDQMHP YROXPHQD 7R ]QDL GD VX PHWDQRO HWDQRO L
DFHWRQ SULPMHULFH QHSULNODGQL X SURFHVX NRQVROLGDFLMH GUYD 1R LSDN VX NUR]
povijest poznati loi primjeri konsolidacije drva sa otopinom ELAKA X
(7$12/8 SRSXW RQRJ X $XVWULMVNRP JUDGX *XUNX NDGD MH ROWDU NDWHGUDOH
NRQVROLGLUDQVDOLWDUDRWRSLQHHODNDWRMHX]URNRYDORVQDQREXEUHQMH
a i loe konsolidacijske rezultate. 
=DXOMHSOMLYDQMHRGYRMHQLKVORMHYDNRULVWHVHVOLMHGHHUHFHSWXUH
+,'52.6,3523,/&(/8/2=$',-(/29$$&(721$',292'(
+,'52.6,3523,/&(/8/2=$',-(/$72/8(1$',-(/$(7$12/$
+,'52.6,3523,/&(/8/2=$',-(/29$0(7,/./25,'$',20(7$12/$
+,'52.6,3523,/ &(/8/2=$ +3&SRG QD]LYRP.OXFHO WRSLYD MH XYRGL GR

oC. Na veRM WHPSHUDWXUL VH QH RWDSD 2WDSD VH X SRODUQLP RWDSDOLPD SRSXW
HWDQROD L]RSURSLOQRJ DONRKROD L DFHWRQD .DR 71$ 2723,1$ 8 (7$12/8
NRULVWLVH]DNRQVROLGDFLMXSLJPHQWDJGMHVHQHVPLMHXSRWULMHELWLYRGD7DNDY
VOXDM MH NRG VOLND QD NRMLPD VX YH]LYR WXWNDOR LOL JXPH +3& NDR L GUXJL
FHOXOR]QLSROLPHULQHX]URNXMHWDPQMHQMHSLJPHQWD

,635$9/-$1-('()250$&,-$'59(1,+126,7(/-$
,VSUDYOMDQMH YUHPHQRP LVNULYOMHQLK GUYHQLK QRVLRFD PRNULP WHKQLNDPD  MH
MHGQD RG QDMVWDULMLK WHKQLND (NVSHULPHQWL VX UD HQL YRGRP L RUJDQVNLP
RWDSDOLPD 6WDYOMDQH VX ]DWLWH QD SROH LQX GD XPDQMH L]PMHQX YODJH V
okolnim zrakom. Tako da se jednim od uspjenijih rjeenja za ispravljanje i
stabiliziranje povrine mokrim tehnikama pokazala otopina 39$&D X
0(7$12/8 NRMD VH QDQRVLOD X QHNROLNR VORMHYD 1DNRQ LQWHQ]LYQLK
eksperimenata dolo se do rezultata da TNA OTOPINA ELAKAXMHGQDNLP
RPMHULPD (7$12/$ , (7,/*/,.2/0212(7,/(7(5$ MH XLQNRYLWR PRLOR ]D
LVSUDYOMDQMH GUYHQRJ QRVLRFD 3ROH LQD SDQHOD VH SUHPD]LYDOD GDQLPD
SRQHNDG WMHGQLPD L QDNRQ SUHPD]LYDQMD SUHNULYDOD PDVQLP SDSLURP GD
VSULMHLLVSDUDYDQMHRWDSDOD.DGDELVHSDQHOLLVSUDYLOLQDQRVLRVHSUHPD]RG
2723,1((/$.$8$/.2+2/8GDVSULMHLXOD]DNYODJHXGUYR


,(1-(32/( ,1(6/,.(2'926.$,/,/,-(3,/$

VotanoVPROQL RVWDFL LOL OLMHSLOD QD ED]L VLQWHWLNLK VPROD RPHNDMX VH
RWDSDOLPD L XNORQH PHKDQLNL 'D EL RWDSDOR WR EROMH SURGUOR X ILOP OLMHSLOD
postoje mjeavine otapala za uklanjanje ostataka voska: :+,7( 63,5,7 ,
,=23523$12/ 8 20-(58  72/8(1 , (7$12/ 8 20-(58 . Mjeavine se
nanose na ostatke voska na malim povrinama i u tankim slojevima te se
SUHNULMX SDSLURP LOL VWDNORP GD VH VSULMHL EU]R LVSDUDYDQMH RWDSDOD 1DNRQ
RGUH HQRJYUHPHQDUHVWDXUDWRUXNODQMDRVWDWNHYRVNRYDVDVNDOSHOLPD


7(67=$867$129/$9$1-(3520-(1$1$6/,.$1206/2-8

%OLMH HQMH L NUDNHOLUDQMH VX SRMDYH SRQHNDG WHNH ]D UD]OLNRYDQMH 2GJRYRU
GDMH NDSOMLFD (7$12/$ $NR VH QDNRQ NDSDQMD SRMDYL VLYD ERMD SUREOHP MH X
SXFDQMX ODND D DNR MH ULMH R EOLMH HQMX SLJPHQWD QHH VH GHVLWL QLNDNYD
UHDNFLMD


,=2/$&,-6.,/$.29,

5HVWDXUDWRUL VDPL VSUDYOMDMX DONRKROQH ODNRYH L WR RWDSDMXL VPROX PDVWLNVD

Alkoholni lakovi su pogodni zbog brzog suenja koja je posljedica lake
LVSDUOMLYRVWL DONRKROD .RULVWH VH QD VOLNDPD NDR PH X SUHPD]L L NDR ]DYUQL
VORMHYL LDNR MH XRHQD NUWD SULURGD DONRKROQLK ODNRYD 8 UHVWDXUDFLML VOLND
DONRKROQL ODNRYLVH XSRWUHEOMDYDMX NDR L]RODFLMVNLODNRYL  1DNRQ SRSXQMDYDQMD
RWHHQLK GLMHORYD VOLNDQRJ VORMD L]RODFLMD WUHED VSULMHLWL GD QDQHVHQL VORM
EXGH RWHHQ QDNQDGQLP ]DKYDWLPD ,]RODFLMVNL PDWHULMDOL VX '$0$5 8 :+,7(
63,5,780$67,.68(7$12/8 ELAK U ETANOLULOLLAROPAL N U ETANOLU

3.7. RETUIRANJE

8 1MHPDNRM MH RG GRVWXSQLK 39$& VPROD 02:,/,7+  najvie u upotrebi.

2WDSD VH 8 (7$12/8 71$ 2723,1$ LOL DNR MH SULNODGQLMH X (7,/(1*/,.2/
0212(7,/(7(58(otrovan) da se boja sporije sui na paleti.


60-(6(27$3$/$=$8./$1-$1-(/$.29$PO
,=22.7$1,=23523$12/PO
72/8(1,=23523$12/PO
,=22.7$1(7$12/',(7,/(7(5PO
,=22.7$1(7$12/',(7,/(7(5PO

,OLSR-RQHVX 

4 DIJELA ETANOLA + 1 DIO DIACETON ALKOHOLA + 1 DIO CELLOLSOVE ACETAT 

HWDQROMH]DPMHQMHQSURSDQRORP


*(/29,=$8./$1-$1-(8/-$1,+/$.29$

(7$12/92'$;,/(1*(/ (akrilni polimer Carbopol NDUERNVLSROLPHWLOHQ



83275(%$$/.2+2/$86/,.$56.2-7(+12/2*,-,
35,35(0$787.$/12.5('1(35(3$5$&,-(

1DMSULNODGQLMD NRQFHQWUDFLMD WXWNDOD ]D SUHSDUDFLMX SODWQD MH  2WRSLQD

RYH NRQFHQWUDFLMH GDMH WDQNH L MHGQROLQH QDQRVH NRML QH VWHX VXYLH EU]R
7HPSHUDWXUD WXWNDOD QH VPLMH ELWL YHD RG  oC (ako je temperatura veD

SULPLWHVHYLH SXQLODSDHELWL JXDDOLVODELMHYH]DQDQLDWHPSHUDWXUD

GR]YROMDYDPDQMHSXQLODSDHSUHSDUDFLMDELWLWYU HYH]DQD
3ULSUHPD3XQLORLELMHOLORVHXVXKRPVWDQMXGREURL]PLMHDMX2ELQRVHPLMHD
 EMHOLOD V  SXQLOD 1DMEROMH MH VPMHVX SXQLOD L ELMHOLOD GRGDYDWL SRODNR
sipanjem kroz sito, dok se na povrini ne zasiti tanki sloj, to je znak da je
SRVWLJQXWDRSWLPDOQDNROLLQD6DPRRGVHEHEH]PLMHDQMDSXQLORHSDVWLQD
GQR3UHSDUDFLMDWUHEDSRODVDWDPLURYDWLGDL]D XPMHKXULL]UDNDD]DWLPVH
SRODNR L]PLMHD L SURFLMHGL NUR] JXVWR VLWR 3UL FLMH HQMX L QDQoenju zna se
zapjeniti pa su stari slikari dodavali nekuhano, ali obrano mlijeko s jo pola
GLMHODPIRITA 


4.2. SPOSOBNOST KVAENJA PIGMENTA

Neki pigmenti se teko kvase s vezivom (plivaju na povrini veziva). Ako se
mijeaju s vodenim vezivima, pigmeQW SUHWKRGQR WUHED QDYODLWL 3,5,720
RFMHGLWLLRQGDYH]DWLYH]LYRP


65('679$=$),.6,5$1-(

Sredstva za fiksiranje ugljena potrebna su da bi zatitila ugljen od brisanja, a

WDNR HUVHNRULVWLLPH XILNVLUDQMH GDELVHQRYLVORMXJOMHQDSULKYDWLR]DYH
]DVLHQX SRYULQX )LNVDWLYL QH VPLMX PLMHQMDWL NDUDNWHU SRYULQVNH VWUXNWXUH
FUWHD )LNVDWLYL VH PRJX VSUDYLWL RG VOMHGHLK VDVWRMDND 71$ 2723,1$
.2/2)21,-$8%(1=,18PIRITULOL7(53(17,18
2723,1$1$5$1$672*(/$.$X3,5,78


35,35(0$$/.2+2/1,+/$.29$

$ONRKROQL ODNRYL VDVWRMH VH RG SULURGQLK VPROD RWRSOMHQLK X HWDQROX

'RNXPHQWDUQL L]YRUL VSRPLQMX VPROH PDVWLNVD ERURYH VPROH VDQGUDN
EHQ]LRQVNX VPROX YHQHFLMDQVNL WHUSHQWLQ RWRSOMHQH X YLVRNRP SRVWRWNX
DONRKROD
9MHURYDWQRQDMVWDULMLUHFHSW]DVSUDYOMDQMHDONRKROQRJODNDSRWMHHL]0DUFLDQD
UXNRSLVD NRML MH GDWLUDQ X UDQR ;9, VWROMHH 8 UHFHSWX VH VSRPLQMH GD MH
EHQ]LRQVNDVPRODRWRSOMHQDXYLVRNRPSRVWRWNXDONRKROD
.RSDODONRKROQLODNRYLVHNRULVWHRGRWSULOLNHJRGLQH
39$& VH QDMHH RWDSD X 72/8(18 LOL $/.2+2/8 NDR 71$ 2723,1$ X]
GRGDWDN8% vode da se otopina izbistri. Za nanoenje kistom koristi se 
71$ 2723,1$ D ]D VSUHM WQD 8 RED VOXDMD WUHED GRGDWL X UD]ULMH HQX
RWRSLQX  ',$&(721 $/.2+2/$ GD XVSRUL LVSDUDYDQMH RWDSDOD L RPRJXL
OLYHOLUDQMHODND
6MDMQLSUR]RUQLODNRYLSULUH XMXVHWDNRGDVHRWRSL ELAK U ALKOHOLULGDVH
UDGL EROMH HODVWLQRVWL GRGD  ODQHQRJ XOMD $ONRKROQL VH ODNRYL QD PDQMH
povrine mogu nanositi kistom, a za povriQH YHH RG P  SRJRGQLMH MH
nanoenje trcanjem. Nesjajni prozirni lakovi ELAKA SULUH HQL VX RG LVWLK
materijala samo s mnogo vie otapala u otopini. Lakovi obojani prirodnim ili
RUJDQVNLPERMDPDNRMHVXWRSLYHXDONRKROXVXYUVWDDONRKROQLKODNRYDNRMLVH
jo nazivaju i zlatni lakovi jer se najvie upotrebljavaju za lakiranje
SR]ODHQLKRGQRVQRSRVUHEUHQLKSRYULQD
HVWRVHGRJD DGDMHQHPRJXH QDQLMHWLMHGQROLNL VORMODND1HNHRGVYMHH
ODNLUDQLKSRYULQDHPDWLUDWLQDNRQNUDWNRJYUHPHQDGRNGUXJHRVWDQXVMDMQH

Da bi postigli jednak sjaj na cijeloj povrini slike, tanki sloj alkoholnog laka
VDVWDYOMHQ RG -('12* ',-(/$ 0$67,.6$ L  ',-(/29$ (7$12/$ raspri se na
suhi damar lak. Nakon suenja slika se lakira jo jednim slojem damar laka.

35,35(0$32/,0(17$=$32=/$78

3ROLPHQW MH ILQL WXWNDORP WQLP YH]DQL VSHFLMDOQR SULSUHPOMHQL NDROLQ

EROXVRERMHQFUYHQRXWRLOLVLYR%ROXVVHQDQRVLNLVWRPQDMILQLMHGODNHXWR
tanjem premazu. Premazuje se u razmacima vie puta. Osueni poliment se
PRHEUXVLWLEUXVQLPSDSLURPILQRJ]UQDLSROLUDWLPDOLPMDVWXLHPRGVYLOHQH
LOLSDPXQHWNDQLQH
'RNMHPRNDUSROLPHQWLPDVYRMVWYRYH]LYDQMD]ODWQLKOLVWLD$NRMHVXKPRUD
QH QDYODLWL RWRSLQRP $/.2+2/$ L 92'( X RPMHUX  LOL UDNLMRP 0RHQMHP
SROLPHQW EXEUL L YHH OLVWLH $NR SROLPHQW QHGRYROMQR EXEUL OLVWLL QHH ELWL
GRYROMQRYH]DQLQDEROXVDNDGEXEULSUHYLHSURGLUHNUR]OLVWLHLVWYDUDPUOMH


5. KORITENA LITERATURA

0HWND.UDLJKHU+R]R6/,.$56.$7(+12/2*,-$

LQD3XQGD6/,.$56.$7(+12/2*,-$

.QXW1LFRODXV7+(5(6725$7,212)3$,17,1*6

,YR)UHVVO6/,.$56.$7(+12/2*,-$

/MXELD*UOL0$/,.(0,-6.,/(.6,.21

'HQLV9RNL6895(0(1,/$.29,=$/$.,5$1-(80-(71,.,+6/,.$

%UHJRYDF'HOMDF6XQNR25*$16.$.(0,-$

6&,(1&()25&216(5$72569RO

7(+1,.$(1&,./23(',-$






g

 1MHPDNL OLMHQLN L ILOR]RI  VWYDUDODF QRYH PHGLFLQH QD LVNXVWYLPD SXNRJ
OLMHHQMD L NHPLMH W]Y MDWURNHPLMH SXQR LPH hHij`i6klmon+p9nrq`sl ths iji9n qp9nrip6j6l tm\pn
u tv u i9n`q`p9nwi u s9ts+l9x6s6l9y x 
z
-RQHV3/WKHUHPRYDORIYDUQLVK,QYHVWLJDWLRQRQWKHUHPRYDORIDJHGYDUQLVKFRDWLQJV
LQ )HOOHU 5/6WRORZ 1-RQHV (+ 2Q SLFWXUH YDUQLVKHV DQG WKHLU VROYHQWV &OHYHODQG
2KLR