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(pag jeudsoy aug ut 440m yo sounuoqued saqesoqeja) winiayjap euonednr20 0 (Bu1umop uns) 3y6yu 3e swoydwAs ey2 Jo Buluesiom O s¥lYs 21qe2IpezduN O Auanoe odAy 40 42dAH Gg aouequmasip JoyowoyoAsa = SaunLvad WIND wnrariao (suonepiocoys / eGojoydie5) S}0YS °g S1OAOD pag 32 SZUBWAAOU BUP/PId (Atomaur quarey) syoyep Aca suojsnjap quaisuess, aouasayoout Wenuebuer ) sessazoud yy6noy3 W! UONeZIUeG40sSIq_ Oo uosied 3g aoe] ueys s10w oUIN- UOeWUELOSIG 0 (suotsn ‘suoneujsnjey) seoueqinsip jenydedJed 0 ooo (189019) NOLLINSOD NI ZONVHO 7 SauNLvad WIINTTO Witarad (uonuaye yiysg ujeysns snd0} 439241p 0} AQI]qeU!) UOQUaReUT C) SS@USNO!DSLOD Jo JaAB] paseas3eq SSANSNOIDSNOD JO LNAWYIVdWI + hagempha eQHSlOVL enon T~ SAUN.LVAd TWOINTIO warurtaa sa2ueqinysip POOW w apA> ssaujnsayem dais m @oueqUNASIp 40J0WOYDASd wt uon!ub0> seoueqginysiq Saun.Lvad WOINTIO WNTHITaG) ¥ 7 oys sano sdojanap 3ey3 uoUBOD SByeYD & WB ssausNOISUOD Jo BDUEGINISIP & Fy 1 wnTYriad S3IHLYvdOTWHd32Na DTIOSVLIW ALN] AWOUGNAS Nivea a1Nov aLVLS TVNOISNANOD ALNIV 7) WNTYIISG OZ suing O % oF saunpey diy wo.y Asa6ns aanesedo sod O % 06 UINIAI}EP AWOJO|P4ed 3S0d In |4e9 anlsuaquy SLNA3ILVd SAILWYAdO-1S0d NI JINAGIONI YSHOIH SLNAILVd TVOIDUNS 8B IWIIGIW 4O % ST-s TF) YaCYOSIG DINVSUO LSAINOWWO)D WNTeT Taq SIWOUCNAS NIVED SINVSEO S DELIRIUM CLINICAL FEATURES - 4 Sleep-wakefulness cycle C insomnia, C reversal of the sleep -wake cycle, i daytime drowsiness, C nocturnal worsening of symptoms, C disturbed dreams, nightmares DELIRIUM CLINICAL FEATURES -5 Mood disturbances C Dysphoria CO Anxiety or fear C Irritability O Perplexi 0 Euphoria DELIRIUM CAUSES O METABOLIC O ENDOCRINE O pruss CO NUTITIONAL DEFICIENCIES O SYSTEMIC INFECTIONS O INTRACRANIAL CAUSES O] MISCELLANOUS DELIRIUM CAUSES Intra cra Post epileptic confusion Trauma ~ concussion Vascular, neoplasms Infections - meningitis Extra cranial Anticholinergic, anticonsulvants, antipakinsonian, antipsychotics Endocrine hypofunction or hyper func pitituary, adrenals, thyroi nN Pancreas, Liver - Hepatic failure Kidney - Renal failure Lungs - Carbon dioxide narco: Cardiac - Cardiac failure, arrhythmias Deficiency diseases Thiamine, B 12, Nicotine acid Post operative DELIRIUM Investigations a CBC SADVIS ALY NE AINO OMHVANE = INVAN AAAS amavanr SaDVLS. N LVI NIAINO TUAW OISNIHAYAWOD amuvanr SAOVIS aLV1- SLOWR ‘arirvaw amarvawt = LNA Indo ‘No GLVIGaWA /OLVIda WAL AYOWAIAL SADVLS ALVI NI agnosia GAMIALSIG — NOLLVLNARIO ‘IVON aRUIVANT SSINSAOIDSNOD smanLvad VUNGWad wariraa TVOINITID aTaISATARNN ¥ GALIVULOUd asunoo snolarsnt ALIDV —JASNO VLLNGIGG «WARIS uaeap 40 Japsosip aaruB0o SWS Jo ERUBLUSP 0} Pedy ACU UNL ap, S}sisdod UoljIpuod jedipaw BulAjsapun 3y3 37 yquow T uety aso Ajases 42em e U! spud jaliq Ajiensn ‘6ugenjony Ayeusnip‘s2suo pidey C] SISOUBOId ATUTTaG (angela asofa ‘sepusjes ‘y20{3 ) Foddns JequawUOUAUD AJosuas ‘je21Ishyd aplAcid O {wy 40 ay Gus Z-T eujWEASOshud) wnyep 216s9UN0Y> BUY O DWH pag ye Gus Z-7 Wedezes07 qe, O (6w os-s ) pinbi| 40 Tea 07 YHYs 2072) un Bw OT-z jopedoyen "ful quowizeea Brig warariaa wedazeio7 ‘wedezeig- seudizeipozueg aurdezuejo ‘quopiiadsry ‘lopiedoleH - sopoy>Asdnuy — qJUSwyEsT BIg TaTTaa zood 9 Zod jeyony uoneunuexe 453 S|@AB] BILBIOS 8 TTA Wnias’6uNss; AIH ‘SuUss.s 6rig Taw ‘ueds 19 Dasa $]S9} uOOUNy jeudH suopeun} ploaAyd 53593 UO}IUN, JOA!T SozAjoupa]a WNAasIng “Isa sisAjeue aulin og 50000000 | } IMPAIRED ATTENTION IMPAIRED USUALLY NORMAL DIURNAL, MARKED USUALLY ABSENT VARIATION (SUNDOWNING) PERCEPTIONS — VISUAL USUALLY ABSENT HALLUCINATION HALLUCINATION S& {ILLUSIONS — S MAY OCCUR OTHERS ASTERIXIS, CATASTROPHIC MYOCLONUS REACTION, Dementia No Complains about Cognitive impairments Emphasizes achievements Appears unconcerned Affect labile Mistakes on examination Recent memory impaired Confabulation + Test poor performance H/o depression ‘uncommon PERSEVERATION Prendo-dementia (Depression) Complains about cognitive impairments Emphasizes disability earn Chea Site of lesion Cortex(frontal, Affect depressed tempro-paricto- “don’t know” answers occipital & hypocampus) Recent memory -N eg Alzheimer’s, Picks Confabulation absent Severity Severe ‘Test performance variable Motor Usually normal WO depression + symptoms Sub-cortical Subcortical grey matter (thalamus, basal ganglia,rostral brain stem) Huntington's, Parkinsonism Mild to moderate dysarthri sana 4q soma q_— apa padyay qjeaay apap Strensed padiay q1e393 epesdy — Aroulayy, sesouse ‘eysiyde eyuew pee a4aaas ‘woumMmodUn Stourutos woyssaadaq, uopssoadogy UO Psychotherapy Psychotherapy is the treatment by psychological means, of problemas of an emotional nature, in which a trained therapist, deliberately establishes a professional relationship with a patient /elient to: -Remove modify or retard existing symptoms “Mediate disturbed patterns of behavior + to promote positive personality growth Psychoanalysis & Psvchoanalytical psvchotheray "Classical Psychoanalysis =Psychoanalytical psychotherapy Classical psychoanalysis (Freudian) #3-S visits per week by the patient Duration of treatment 3 - 5 years or longer No history taking No diagnosis, ‘Free association =Challenge of defenses & interpretation of resistance athe patient lies on a couch Psychoanalytical psychotherapy =More direct approach "Duration is briefer & advice is given occasionally «Therapist & patient sit face to face Psychological mindedness required Behavioral thera; = Therapy based on the theories of learning & aims at chang’ maladaptive behaviors & substituting it with adaptive beh: "Based on the operant conditioning model of Skinner & the iors Mini mental status ‘Orientation Time (day, date, month, year, season) lace (country, town, area, hospital, floor) Immediate recall 3 objects Attention & calculation (serial 7’s or spell word backward) (100-7 till 65) # words or objects named before Q2 Language Confrontation naming: wateh, pen Repetition: ‘no ifs, ands, or buts” Comprehension Read & perform a command ‘Close your eyes a sentence ‘onstruction; copy a design Total score (out of 30) “Pick up the paper in your right hand, fold it in half 7 set it on the floor” 5 5 450) won EIAg] punt] 10 Wis ox 98g pozioudiq, aq Wo 9U0S19A9 ON somvar daap 49009 %% OT -§ Squo pazpoudsy aq wes wonrindod (es9N9s amp Jo %,99 MOyV™ SpOuaNT sduos8 Wy, ‘S19towa IBM ‘snomAuoue soy oyoaTyN Sanoll Z-I JO Yoo # 99]44) 10 VDU0 SUOISSIGH dup) 940 28 parva. aq ued stossad OT-g Supwnsuod aun s59"p= Rasp aor SquDuTUdysse 40m ato! YezIUOD [eLTEUT TexorAwYDG ‘SPPIS UOPLotMUIUD tH] Busupe.y ‘BupApos woyqosge gqun peyyceu atp 40 ywes9do) sosvassop Ayorxut sojanyog ‘Buyppour jsidusoyy 2p ausUazEIMooH 2p 29uEpmM sasidesomp snmumns s1qoyd 9Y} yy saeIeD paRMoyord Age arqissod apour sy advaso 2p snmnups 1qoyd ayp 0} pasodxa sj uapEg* sviqoud yea 09 pas Buypoops, Surepowe jnouIsss0jupa aapesane quauto9z0jufe aaMtsoga TORUS T BUSES Toy MUTOTPUOT THEI -moy T noge Buse] suOySsaS Of-—OZe Aqenxesomoy 31u0)skp-o89 ‘wispsoasue.n ‘ouEpuadep [oyoo[yE aiqeatsopun stynq juesvad spay waned ayy yrs uy suo ;puose Adesamg worsiaay uonezssuosap apvuiaysign uoponasuos Aypsesoye vopUNUys ad}oA Jo wontqryu feo0.AdPo4 Ho pasege uonwzpysuosap speuraysis (soouanbasue /to}seyag /sitiapas9uV) Save auop s} siséyeue jeso}avyoge soos §-9 Uoneanp yz04Ge aaqy9ay9 ys0e Advzamp aoaeyag, Abreaction “Brings to conscious awareness unconscious conflicts & associated emotions 5% solution of sodium amobarbital or thiopentone ( 500 mg dissolved in 10 ml normal saline at 1 cc / min.) =£50-350 mg (3-7 cc) is sufficient elderly 75 mg of amytal «Indications — hysteria, mute patients catatonic stupor diagnosis »Contraindication URTI renal or hepatic disease, Porphy’ psychosis Relaxation therapies “Jacobsen progressive muscular relaxation aHypuosis "TM (Transcendental meditation) = Yoga » Vipasana Biofeed back Feed back to the patient about his psychological activities — pulse , respiration, blood pressure =Relaxometer Used for Tension headaches, Hypertension VASCULAR DEMENTIA DMulfiple cerebral vascular disease Smal! & medium sized cerebral vessels undergo infarction producing parenchymal lesion over wide areas of the brain DOculsion of vessels by arterio plaques or thromboemoli trom distant origin such as heart valves VASCULAR DEMENTIA CCommonest second cause of dementia One of the treatable causes of dementia More common in India than other types VASCULAR DEMENTIA DaAcute onset step adder pattern (repeated in deterioration) DiFluetuating course Cypertension, cardio-vascular disease, stroke THA ological signs Emotional lability ion leads to further VASCULAR DEMENTIA COCOMMON IN MEN COWITH HYPERTENSION & CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS COMEDICAL EXAM- CAROTID BRUITS, FUNDUSCOPIC ABNORMALITIES OR ENLARGED CHAMBERS Binswauger's disease al arteriosclerotic encephalopathy Cismall infaretions of white matter but sparing of the cortical regions CMRI reveals the condition & now more commonly detected LEWY BODY DEMENTIA 10> wa S>fBDUY PIN > POO} 1007] sodnys LMC) 28H [EPPINS PIAA] NOISSAMAAT NITATS AOLVIN SNOLLVOIGNT 19a SAWVIVHLOdAH ¥ XALIOD FHL NI SHOLATON 14 AO NOLLY1Aaa NOG SQINWIVHLOdAH SAL OSTV ¥y WALSAS DIAWAT ¥ NOTWHAGONAIG AH. 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Tesnosy uyetg aq uy sXemujed dazauT{o4), INGARIV dT FATIINSOD CT *Clase monitoring 6 monthly DEMENTIA DSM-IV Multiple cognitive deficits (at least one)- mAphasia Apraxia mAgnosia Disturbance of executive functioning Severe to cause occupational or social functioning ODecline from the previous fevel of functioning OExclude delirium: OE gical cause of the Dementia DEMENTIA LINICAL, FEATURE: COMEMORY IMPAIRMENT COCOGNITIVE DISTURBANCES BAphasia Ganguage ) WApraxia (motor ) |Agnosia (object identification) WAbstract thinking CIPERSONALITY CHANGE DEMENTIA CLINICAL FEATURES «1 MEMORY IMPAIRMENT "Recent memory worse than remote memory disturbance (inability to recall 3 objects ater 5 mins, but can tell childhood events) mTesting of memory, comprehension, calculations, genci impaired DEMENTIA CLINICAL FEATURES -2 COGNITIVE DISTURBANCES mAphasia (language disturbance) mApraxia (inability to carry out motor activity despite intact motor function Agnosia (fail ntact sensory functioning) , proverbs) to recognize object « DEMENTIA ICAL FEAURES -3 LI OPERSONALITY CHANGE Accentuation of pre-morbid traits "Lose social inhibitions "Grooming & hygiene impaired Depressed in the early stages, later labile (pathological laughing or crying for no reason) or shallow affect Paranoid symptoms, delusions DEMENTIA CLINICAL FEATURES 3: COMEMORY DISTURBANCE Okurt Goldstein Catastrophic reaction, reduced abstract thinking TESTS FOR DEMENTIA DOMINI MENTAL STATUS Omemory TESTS CLINICAL FEATURES = Oparanoid delusions Fronto-temporal marked personality changes _ DEMENTIA- information Cy INICAL FEATURES — 3 Behavioral CiHallucinations & delusions of a persecutory nature 1SVaFHL WNOLLV ANDO uosiod ywolpaur ¥ oq you Kew ‘s{sKpoucoyDasd uF paure.sT, - - ISATVNVOHDASA ANALY ARLL 7) 40m pros aEneryadsd ut aadBap & qyIA SpENpEAs TwoIpoU wou quasoad Supper Supsoy Ayteay WAM TVIDOS OPLLVIHIASA = 4} UOBLLOPaVep Apyeuosi2g Aguyypdsd uy Suyurpay 7p 99.48ap [epods w yas asinu [eopowt Vv ASUON ORLLVIHDASA - + quau3pny ABojoypasd uy aarZap & yyEM a,enpead [waypaur uoU W a + qwaysuy, LSIDO'TOHOASA Anwepppdsd ut (da) - + SUORLUPNTET —— yyuojdyp so (qr W) 29.48op aUnpwad ysod v PIM aIeNpLAd [worpaut ¥ - + suorsuad LSRELVIHDASE AL DIMLVIHOAS ll SA.LVIS IVINGIW ee Orr eae 5 - asus WOMUUOTAT “Buraq [faa pepos isd ‘Teorsdt s¢ . aeneo poortoyoia ® jwa}fopoypAsd uorsdyd go 2)u9s v Inq aswastp Jo adUasqe JOU Sf YPC asavo SISOMNAN SISOHDASE ssopaostp atnyeytaasd ys0989]0pU 79 PI D= SAVG ANVW YOu Suopaosip snemosoysssq. siopzos%p Temxasoypssq.TLVLS SAOTSNOOUATS V NEONTAT NVAOM G10 UVAX TO] wopepawyas tq uaqy. AOVLS TVNINUAL somoapuds upeaq s1uv8.19. SWATIOUd TWISAHd ¥ TWAOIAVHGS ALIA VILNIWAGQ sroprostp Ayfeu0siege VELNAWAC DLV stopiostp asnqe aouyjsqans. S19p40SIp poor. sal s1H0 0K] srapaosip spommayexotjes feyUAUL-atuyed Yooy-oquo4 ‘yons uous ‘dses8 soxoyo4 DANE s4ap.osip snoyasq stuoyduuds aqoy pe)9qted yEUTUOp-UONT] SUAAHOSIG STL VIN OASA AO SIAL VLINAWAG wostox nowy BupyNEy so Supeao peayorempedg, uosied vorpour u aq Jou Kutt ‘Kdesomoysasd uy paureay, Aepary 5 LSIAVUTHLOHOASA wolssardoqy Adwsomp penionednooo uy pomrery, poo = WLLNAWAG Psychotherapy : Acceptance of treatment unwilling Willing Psychiatrie Orgar Brain lesion Bio-psycho-social LL FEATURES impaired normal Intelligence impaired normal Orientation impaired Hallucinations visual PHYSICAL EXAMINATION abnormal Normal EXAMINATION MENTAL STATUS CONATION MOTOR BEHAVIOR "IMPULSES, MOTIVATIONS, DRIVES, INSTINCTS EXPRESSED BY A PERONS BEHAVIOR OR MOTOR ACTIVITY COGNITION ‘THINKING MGOAL DIRECTED FLOW OF IDEASSYMBOLS & ASSOCIATIONS INITIATED BY A PROBLEM OR TASK & LEADING TO A REALITY ORIENTED SOLUTION AFFECT FEELING OBSERVED EXPRESSION OF EMOTIONS, POSSIBLY INCONSISTENT WITH PATIENT’S DESCRIPTION OF EMOTION CONATION MCONSCIOUSNESS WALERT MATTENTION IGENERAL APPEARANCE =PSYCHOMOTOR ACTIVITY "COMPREHENSION ™CO-OPERATIVE CONATION - CONSCIOUSNESS "CONSCIOUS CLOUDING STUPOR ‘SDELIRIUM COMA CONATION - ATTENTION WATTENTIVE/ INATTENTIVE, BDISTRACTABLE CONATION - ALERT MALERT BWITHDRAWN / GALLVUSdOOOm NOLLV2Ad0OD -NOLLVNOD INASE¥ SNISaMd st NOISNAHaAdWOD -NOLLYNOD Xess Jo apeur a49M qiUy] O19 95 #1994 * uonssod w ost paprou 94 y coy AXE AA spoued Buoy 20g pouyeyupeur Aype190103 ‘aanysod ayetadoaddem 0 a1vzziq v yo Wopdurnsse Aamyunjos :Supmsodm panout 9q 0) SLiogo [Pe ISUIEBE PY aamjsod prt & yo uondumnsse Aaeyunoa :Syp eR sduypuno.ns atp Jo ozuacun Suywua9s 2p AypyqoUr yo yuyod 9p 0} wayjo AWARE s0}0U pamors payzew :1odmigm nuns feuta}xo

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