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2006 Beam Column Joint ICJ
2006 Beam Column Joint ICJ
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Transverse reinforcement
Clause 1.2.1
The special confining reinforcement as required at the end of
column shall be provided through the joint as well, unless
the joint is confined as specified by clause 1.2.3.
Commentary 1.2.1
Quite often joints are not provided with stirrups because of
construction difficulties. Similarly, in traditional constructions
the bottom beam bars are often not continuous through the
joint. Both these practices are not acceptable when the
building has to carry lateral loads.
that column dimension that is, if beams use 20 mm diameter
bars, minimum column width should be 400 mm. The
proposed provision for minimum column size has been kept
lower than the current international codes keeping in mind
the practice in India where much smaller column sections
are currently being used than what is common in other
seismic countries like USA and New Zealand.
The existing clause no. 7.1.2 of IS 13920 : 1993 specifies
the minimum dimension of columns as, The minimum
dimension of the member shall not be less than 200 mm.
However, in frames which have beams with centre to centre
span exceeding 5 m or columns of unsupported length
exceeding 4 m, the shortest dimension of the column shall
not be less that 300 mm. It is proposed to revise this clause
as per clause 1.0 of this paper .
Longitudinal reinforcement
Clause 1.1
At a joint in a frame, resisting earthquake forces, the sum of
the moment of resistance of the columns shall be at least 1.1
times the sum of the moment of resistance of the beams along
each principal plane of the joint as shown in Fig 1. The
moment of resistance of the column shall be calculated
considering the factored axial forces on the column and it
should be summed such that the column moments oppose
the beam moments. This requirement shall satisfy for beam
moments acting in both directions in the principal plane of
the joint considered. Columns not satisfying this requirement
shall have special confining reinforcement over their full
height instead of the critical end regions only.
Commentary 1.1
This clause is based on strong-column-weak-beam theory. It
is meant to make the building fail in beam-hinge mechanism
(beams yield before the columns do) and not in the storey
mechanism (columns yield before the beams). Storey
mechanism must be avoided as it causes greater damage to
the building. Therefore, column should be stronger than the
beams meeting at a joint. ACI 318M requires the sum of the
moment of resistance of the columns to be at least 20 percent
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more than the sum of the moment of resistance of the beams .
NZS 3101 : 1995 recommends that the sum of the design
flexural strength of columns is at least 40 percent in excess of
the overstrength of adjacent beams meeting at the joint7.
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Wide beam
Clause 1.2.4
If the width of beam exceeds corresponding column
dimension, transverse reinforcement as required by clause
nos. 7.4.7 and 7.4.8 of IS 13920 : 1993 shall be provided through
the joint to provide confinement for longitudinal beam
reinforcement outside the column core if such confinement
Hook
Clause 1.2.5
In the exterior and corner joints, all the 135 hook of the crossties should be along the outer face of the column.
Shear design
where,
bb = width of beam
bc = width of column
hc = depth of column in the considered direction of
shear.
Shear strength
Clause 1.3.1
Clause 1.3.3
Shear Force
Clause 1.3.4
Shear force in the joint shall be calculated assuming that the
stress in flexural tensile reinforcement is 1.25fy, where fy = yield
stress of steel.
Commentary 1.3.4
Shear force in the joint due to earthquake load can be
calculated as shown in Fig 4. The larger the tension force in
the steel, the greater will be the shear in the joint. Hence, the
tensile force in the reinforcement is conservatively taken as
1.25fyAst , where fy is the specified yield strength of steel bars
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Solved example
Design data
The joint of column marked in Fig 5 is considered for design.
The plan and sectional elevation of the building are shown
in Figs 5 and 6. The details of the column and beam
reinforcement meeting at the joint are shown in Fig 7. The
transverse beam of size 300 mm 600 mm is reinforced with
30
= 291 kN
Joint shear
The development of forces in the joint for sway to right and
left is shown in Fig 9.
Force developed in the top bars
T1 = 1.25 fyAst = 1.25 415 2374 / 1000 = 1232 kN = C1
The factor 1.25 is to account for the actual ultimate strength
being higher than the actual yield strength as per clause 1.3.4
Force developed in the bottom bars
T2 = 1.25 fy Ast = 1.25 415 1320 / 1000 = 685 kN = C2
Referring to clause 1.3.4
Joint Shear, VJoint = T1 + C2 Vcol = 1232 + 685 - 291 = 1626 kN
Maximum value of T1 and minimum value of Vcol are used
in the above equation.
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. In
= 0 .00 for
14
p/fck = 0.14 and d/D = (40 + 25 /2) / 500 = 0.11, we get ,
= 0.19
2
6
Mu = (0.19 20 400 500 ) / 10 = 380 kN-m
Mc
Mg
The ratio of
. In actual
corresponding
Vcol =
= 238 kN
corresponding values of
value corresponding to
the
= 0.00,
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= 0.178
2
6
Mu = (0.178 20 500 400 ) / 10 = 284 kN-m
The ratio of
= maximum of
= 300 mm < width of column = 600 mm.
Revision
As can be seen from the checks in the above section, the joint
is not safe in shear. In such cases, the following three
alternatives can be tried.
= 1.0Aej
= 1.0 (600 600 /1000)
= 1610 kN < 1620 kN.
= 244 kN
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or,
50 =
S = spacing of hoops = 65 mm < 75 mm
bj = bc = 600 mm
Conclusion
Confining links
In this case with the column dimensions revised to 600 mm
600 mm, the width of beam is 300 mm, which is less than 3/4
width of column, that is, 3/4 600 = 450 mm. Hence, full
confining reinforcement is required in the joint as per clause
1.2.1.
The spacing of links for the confining zone shall not
exceed:
(i) of minimum column dimension, that is , 600 / 4 =
150 mm
(ii) But should not be less than 75 mm nor more than
100 mm (clause 7.4.6 of IS 13920 : 19933)
The area of cross section Ash of the bar forming rectangular
hoop to be used as special confining reinforcement shall not
be less than
Ash =
(clause 7.4.8 of
IS 13920 : 19933)
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Acknowledgement
This work has been supported through a project entitled,
Review of Building Codes and Preparation of Commentary
and Handbooks, awarded to IIT Kanpur by Gujarat State
Disaster Management Authority (GSDMA), Gandhinagar
through World Bank funding. The views and opinions
expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily
reflect those of GSDMA or the World Bank. The authors are
grateful to Dr S.R. Uma of University of Canterbury and
Dr Bhupinder Singh of IIT Roorkee for critical review of the
solved examples.
References
1. PAULAY, T. and PRIESTLEY, M.J.N., Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete and
Masonry Buildings, John Wiley and Sons, 1992.
2. UMA, S.R. and JAIN, S.K., Seismic design of beam-column joints in RC
moment resisting frames review of codes, Structural Engineering and
Mechanics, 2006, Vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 579-597.
3. ______Indian standard code of practice for ductile detailing of reinforced concrete
structures subjected to seismic forces, IS 13920 : 1993, Bureau of Indian
Standards, New Delhi, November 2003.
4. UMA, S.R. and PRASAD, A.M., Seismic behaviour of beam column joints in
RC moment resisting frame - A review, The Indian Concrete Journal, January
2006, Vol. 80, No.1, pp. 33-42
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