Pratace chapter Chapter Contents ‘ky of Ringe Destine he fo ects ‘oat Pew oa ings ‘Reet Desde [As opiate’ S's Tew ad opel Kies ‘ele pt: Bar arctan he Wa 1, of Rings Dating of Sion ny neal ne ‘of Pibe and Dellind dena iy andj of Catgoren, Negative Koad hat ‘he Grothendieck wt Bae Halle Suan Thorens Negative Khor The Stenberg oop ‘oe » eekChapter 5.The Consett and Quien 1 Anion to dying space 4 Qasr omaractin md be prportn 5 ry her hy Fry el fing of ie ‘Te german ete proved with ‘Choptee 6, Cy mology and relation to (Chae hon cmetative de hay” 2 Tae Chra ace ‘The cual Chern ate “The hem ccs on tee KInry 2. Se peste ensoiing henge an Whiten soup ice ane Raterences Books nd Mesh os Reid Ass of Alen, “ant Non Ty tod Tope ‘ct dow Agta TY Spied Rene ‘Notational Inder Subject Index x Ko of Rings 1. Defining Ky sSoeaelh tell re tty oa pn te Sacer Ht ad forte Cran nr Kaze) Hower, Seat oi ocr set ae of tert ‘ir amp tat senor oe ara hen ta [Srecanpsef aban pare More spine mpl th io {ie itn uate he so Petarncrstnoeo Sethe Remote hee ste rome. (The te, ih totneted Greens et wrk etn mi be ty eb eri erate aac a shot Sl ef cet wc pcm fe Remon (he nolony pons ithe in Sy whon pra i dey ‘gue th const arn gi rm te ee {ites cs mee pc tad a tect Ene tan snap rjc. ah ‘v's forma diference tro fe ma (or ig ich an tite tote Ch The up Rol) was pei oda ide Tal ifn: oo tay ged projection mets Oe Sv gin ty eling tii al fo be oe of ‘tte ml Uns we ny theres, we sal ume ge av lyn cal peal tng homoge oe ‘Mev ing’ and'we sll soaps sete word module to mca tte Defitlon, Lat be x sing A proetive module oe tonnt an female Ph the property tt any aren Pendle [ints a: Mf —P haart iene 8 P= hale pening hs at see es agra fas odge yr S's bg inp Pepe ot ‘Samoans Sk nay ut aad peeing thn Preface Albee Ky the nlc al deaing wth leben (cay nthe tg cae ope tte) een geen ne ‘ale or a BK o ma tag R's menos {Gone Ki). The ist fin, Ky aR, are toe cosets tems the ey ae ter myst aca ly ‘ented jae Re ee tf ty non ters ‘ike one fbr eet” RP), The ee neo [ompe etes sneting ie oy they ng ‘Alek Khar ays a npr ae many arta, pci ‘mate hn, oe and rae ty. Frans thochon gop a tombe demas Ro hte se tng ‘Fees "Wat es” een a lowe Kite), mien te hata ony of he ace Oya ‘na keto nt gemety ba fo Crabs apc {© the Remote preisn Sou fom nese tay hele ng tei ad rant ping eb neo in om (tee Keer. ‘Thae as wists the ie poe of tia ny of ge re ed pil as {hme a ade dep stants oe “histo ttm! on sonore sone gv the Unley Mara eth al 1300 Met ft ating ee sn ‘reyes glue teat alga pa td ae ‘sao sme af aaa ste ay eps ate {SCAT oma te cue nd roa) ion {© ane at» pee ny Ue dr mea rita ie ‘os, a ce at has Pn cls lanl nd ‘and iodory gd oon on saat pee ‘coe th sen rou, bs the in fed 15 CW comple neo od a epi ail Ae ‘Goeta Mayng he ge alpen soue lc he mete i i tp net ae tne atu thy ac as) Se way pat sre ‘sno te chin he a fa er eyeNOr1 7.24, th and cand tne of Caper 8 Uhh 1 ou hope {i bck igh courage lim rer fo a 8 ore eat coe {etapa A peti one aes in wing ook vw th 1 ude nad tod sout wpa sues Tey are sly at Inet in ye gfe runes aed yo hey ae apne {era wr el sii Ke Tee rin feo hve sad spt ces ety yar no WhO red han oy inc tte ls ne bd ha lee eo (valet hese sd you be soe spy ome the pont he the mr pt thi nk ta allow the es the ign oust ih ow hone hs ud she "Tu mer scope ir 1 a ay erin ht ‘cic hep ube nel roo though re arn tae or Tegel twee Cr hotels yf ns ty be wed he cl wer fps Khaya ‘ming ses cw that 8 at tal compte ol ed bjt enn stat with tor eto Th inp the bo ie ysis, aT he rd 8 sic punding sytem fora it, en, ner, dons, ‘fel ae ea ath tree sah Teens te ih une fe a Stn A of Chapa eer {it fm bane cay er ae erm Tet women ene a thee at ery ton. Th ele Sal ‘Ste dural fh a i th tie oo Be sae ‘a ary om terse othe very cali. hovel emer mores andar otto’ without pec heer, tern to pied y thon wil bale fied ma (ow ted te Nut nor boc of he ook ‘Why This Book? “herent ok des om its ope ‘ot mat imprtan een, t H o cmpee tot fen to oases cone aed a ema he Jo lon a Rel an af ts Rhy eel rial ‘urea on he sy More ich ar gh eam ‘Seed Homewood tha ng hr Wo se a 9 etek he flowing tee rons (0) Mor wet worl mamas and omen ee ‘utd that neato ng ot ees oie at (2) The ab tia ln ha ss. (5) Thos hw cand gues it ance ars Bok we weit the whinge dy aia ihe cote of or sions tents sow uilon tery ad i pps age Ura reomet i ene tet it no hv bes ‘pond the ech fry enon, The nts of Barc [a ev 2 ‘ore eesti to Gulls Kary han Sun, ate ‘ier eh nd ok any ch boat pet, tha ain ae ‘too saa fora gos test ey ond fr {Det suroy tt ah essa evi eter ean aero cy bola erst bok Ly [dap] eben tebe mos cl ruts the eee ae to how fet out Fdmony. Ae oe aleve tt ar tay boo eae iat eth aplatons tie Kaory in tna aye ch ‘secu ren 9210221, 449-4 424 443, 038-0317 and {hn Than ail hr sens me oto ht ster book to shy se ps thnk pe a es mp a at Actnomledgrmens 1 pod ie to hak ke Dl making i ct fy te (ot nth re ont ance than or) abet nd {otha al he ther tended ey tren rt fl dice "eal ao in otha the atonal Sear oanton rs a or ‘sd gate # DIS 22 aol DMS 92206, whch contd ‘Shon oh soma tht wet ato th wring of he bok, oth Shey an indict Final no he tan sera namo ‘ees af numero obi nating aprile Aen Rac {i Shnon Weer or uel pps ca how to per ety ‘Adel Aup, 1985.1 ite atl oth party caret ‘fw a hed ping thank sve alge he ommetsc ti nal ply tak Brae Bidar Ande‘Chupter 5. The Contraction and Quillen Ia tuto clang acs {Qt somoctin sd nse opine ey hr hry Fry le an fig tae ‘Theor td uta proved ‘chapter & Cyt homology and is elation to Theory 1 Baer of ebay Cyc ens (Conc ith on comtative de Ran heey” ‘The Chae acer ‘The earl Char dace “The Cha character en higher K-hery osnhing el ome and Whe pons Henpetnte gene (lou ng and wl ape References Books ad nap Rete Ae Alera, “ingte Nendr or and Topo ‘Spend Recwenne Notational Indo Sabject tnx Ko of Rings 1, Defining Ky teary om nde dice ly ne abet ly boat yee (Gua farsa acai mena ofthe ‘Gots the te sad fhe Gras nerd Kise) Hones ‘Sn cwer of groupe or fsa al reas of tena, and ‘ucur cmap of hate a el Ky wee son at Semper afablan pour, Moretti samp othe en of ‘hen fy unre he Ene Pine sarc in nes ‘SG Recast thera alae geome. (Te er, Ah tote Ginnie ak i thay, il be deb ‘itt The ake charter of aps 3 ihe arin SFA fe nn th a ring an he lef eiatn tar sce fe emda (8 te (pour nh eos ing) Sry wh ped woe ‘Enea, the fre to tere ie maar fence the dacs to tr spc (omc ec) ace to a Slesras ne tna er «wre projet cv. Tha ot ‘eles rma ference fo ve mode (tog I hh ea Uetaea tobe C) Tie op KU) eke it posse to dee snr ‘ro dre Bay greed proecive mules et Sy "Xe begin by ling he dion af ake rope poe Jest ml: Unlaswe say stherwise, we sal anu ll ng ‘owes unl ne sell epi lng hormemorpins to be nl ‘ering swe sal hay he wordnet men Atte Dalian, Let be sca profetive module ont fos at female P eth he pope that yet Rede (Shnepis a: — Pha aig ite 9 P= Af nel (re penng hit at ene te ss gam foalsRemo mape Ib wth AF 2 tv ie Inde ven th dagen property an we bemoan @ Ti = Be on can tab (ound the reniting@: PM We tg ef ce ees ret 9 In cin dina, sppee ay stv mode base IMP bass Hat ore Pot Mya mip ee hagas of Roles sd ssl mape IF th ATE W erjctive. Repang MW by Mo PE NP Tad gs P-007by (pti): P= NP, wey appre yi neon Soden seplacng 8 by the map band by 9"), me a ‘Ste ton mari The ae =p" al the i ene FP ematiearto comlote he dagen ‘When gM Ps utie nal 9 Po A igh nef 0, then p= oa an Wengen dency of Mine Pea} = Boa)e(Sea) Bo(asp) wAotipean 00, sn then (of), (1p) we am omorphinn MPI P)(H) ‘sng th cseration we ea roe Ue andrea era inf projets mod 4.1.2. Thaorom, Let be ing. An Randal role ad nly {ites homophone Rede Te ely (crated nd pate and only i morphic to drt smn Prof I Papeete, cons wl F ands aujctv Rene he tane ea eating st fr Pd et bee obvious nop sanding genttr oF ‘Sthecomepoing estr oP. We ring tener propery of ‘lee mata debs an Remedi homonoptine oo eee od, ‘is neconry ad sala te spay where the tr tal gt 1 bse gence, then Fw be beer to fore mT Cera abme th het Pompe Lo sect sean ih {eee Remote nies wea tbe To bo Rat se Ps Hey ‘Sa ea ert yo chose Sin jy € M wth y= ad {tenor can de ht tre to 0 y nig th seat property ‘i's oe ote don an endl haere BoB wih Bia) New, sppane P= Peg and Pte module Cen acetone haemorpian a A ~ Py a idg weave ‘odie bomommrptinn (3 @Q) ~ (PQ) = F, wo bas no free New rte! ti ht vere to Pa jet to BI Yo Bt 8 ht ers Or a Fully, F = Rh tad gent 2 {en Pie genrtel by ao) nr petty on P wl 0 oh ‘Ta ret sesh ely etl ad eect. Were now amt ey to ine Ky eng FFs all ote tat te omarion chan of fiely geet Prete due oe I {erm anablan soon) Pro] nfo mooi, wth othe wan ‘reaton snd with tn Osea he uty slat Tose hat he ‘tae ea, Une a ows hinge ola Po ofl Proj a ‘et (This nol ete if we at the trp hs, at fet we hve er tte mo fr Pr) sth tof wit sabes tie ne died ut by the usec atone oes) vel, tm al eed nomen ca, ey P= tod G7 ten PQS POC And thy cect sm scm (eae GaP anwar (POQ}GV = PLOY) soem Ts gna, tough, Pro ot oup ol my ot oe vo he cacao poor ‘We rf convent to force at bing up, een ough th tay othe iw of oe aermaionThe en of bw to the Se pend apn ing eich eat erat of Q" tecontrsctd fom the napicatve somgrnp of sera ag, Sasa Soca ye ain ea nota 113. Theorem: Let $ be » commutative wenronp fot mesa nig ati). Thee ap alo group (cal! the Grothendleck troup or group completion a); tpi nth 6 weg hamsoping = $ > sh that fr amy group Hf aed anawarpin Pera th ic inte Bmemephnin #6 ~ with b= 8 Taig aon te lng og ee fg “> "aay cater pl ihe sue propery oan arpa + ses aoe, Pr. We wil eae to cotta The spt to eine @ to be the ot of equlece tims pl (29) mith 9 € 5, whee (G,p) ters) ad en thre se 8 ch hn ay sbetioesuet oS ence Ka hn ene a of 9). en aon is end tthe rte Kena kot a (Gen oe tha thi cote (Galante le habe) ‘ete her ay x 8, ieee yt hth eqns elation and Wea lac £49 =: Lt eth dint eet 2) Than ety met Gy er a mod cer any 2 pant in 5 (erty tom te Kea love Herne tame We dene p51 by ote) eta sa icy oe hath x mri, No tha the nage of (Paesrnen Gm tn nce elev) iG, Gia oop Had bnorpsn 9:5 the ocean B5G SH eth p= Bop sind ty Kes 9) = We) “900 Atoretey ene may di to bth fe sain rou on ge rane 26 Seaview by the seen tat Ma Fy = 2 oS Thoth een = fe Note that (in he previo ‘miro erejand [= hi son trot, Fhe wap oie [ad of ou ay Homomerpin fom $ into a group H ‘at tr tv by eosin “To pe the genre, spo + Ghar the se unr ope Fi a(S) mas erate snr," te Neu gered ty the be oy than ee ee oe Hohn: eae ic oth wo any, = (0) abd = (se) gb quent ap. By th ara pene Oy Cand 7 thre ute mage a2" ithy = eo CpG wih ppg Bat then nef) Alon the nag lv, cen of soa eet 9. Sly Boa = on te ‘ong oy beer cong ive 8 ree emur. The sseent $= GS) in a's etre he caingary fala sigue tthe exter an ops, ine PFS ee Reece f mie ines 2 cotative aera se lL “1 18) — cs, ee hes athe Bote aig deter by the uve Pepe of G13. Te ls nang, Toomer hat he ol ctor ‘Pfu teagan fan np tot clay ofabelan sigue foe etn ace Hosen, PH) Herc “This could al hae on deed rt the aint fet Chae (ne [Prev ae Lane) cml cha wed ot hv ams hat cnet (2 = yrs ep Bolden 5 Indod, the map 2S i tive a caiy icant bie 3” One of the eens for ited, sev harden yetn may cae te Grothe op ac 1.45. Definition, Let be «sng (nth ot). ‘Then ol isthe Guth pron th ten Taro 113 oe engrup Pro R ‘some phinn sees of fly eel projcve modes Te Nowe tat ys fomctr, Usher sors p= > TC an Re ‘made hsnepoan, ive in! benoit Kale ~ ve At => Kol chjig te won eons = (oo8)=™ pa ‘Tawra hat pas emai ro f=» Pe TEla [Ph [Pfr P a aly sare poet moe or ease eS tna geared td rete oer Re iE Page i then Uo, P)O(HE ep Q) RO. (PEQ)*(R Gy HO) = IO And ten, the emsorpedct comen with et sa we teen mctoriy of Ke no lle em floral of the 146. Ramla, Fao flor more neal von sng TAS fey tho any Bey gourd ele ly gear Seen hea bc and welled eso The ‘oan the tly emery nara of Ch mod, we ee SET a IN the aide mond of maura mobo, Sac the saa comp of NZ ol) Zn he one fdr Sem gee tmephnm Pr] Ne The chan of fk (Bleed rc he ity map ro to et ce Emel gp Py imp Por any vector span “Ts some example ako shows why we only we Biely generated ojesoe mots Gling Ky EF al these gen FI thc mon of temo so of countably generated Soho torte mata bers), th te atu artnet neem cs sy m. Tis ose cr Settee no ty te ements teem oa ae cn ne The Grothendieck gous oan TEI ar phen bpp en nel gered modules menitne? (a “he sigraupoecaton ge by the fronts nore nto becomputa in Zit 4n! <2 in 2/2 itm 2 3 Tie Tae wa and > 2 tn nt be tne ed 2.) Maa Get'er to Proj with = CHC), the SERS ato onthe phe, Commute 1S) std tbe SEpeS SG ay Daten tag of St ad show tt we Pg) Soe tet 2. Keto tagtate ia, Brercee (the “Eilnberg swindle"). Show tht fran fn ihe Ghat yop the aemigap of serpin lanes o ‘Shumtably pred pote Ids ven. 44.9, Barca, Rel ht ing is coma, cn erry Wemade somata 8st Teno acw 20Ca the esor Foote to lt Roose aks Ta) Show tat the tenor dt 0 wo aly geal poet feo agi aly ented a proeti (2) Babiana pode tan Mok a comitative sae “Ute clam the fe Rabe ei the ‘somne) 2. Ko from idempotents “Thc acter apprnch Ky ich ite mae coca he Teeter HP se aly ered lei edly we er te epg P by am mower mode) Sat PQ = Hf Bute ccan seme theme Homose pf Fo EET RSMy em Pane On Q. Cy #eetpten ewer any fel omaha A ~ edie by Boosted of the ins fecha the landed tn vo ‘on mutate ht (ee acting on the et) Saree ein ter ory Pi een by an Mespotnk n= ‘Sata’ ih eine Ppt omer ‘bt es bande enol ats as sve ie othe cama grejelve made (Wha fs 608 ony age ej ance Pinte denen, hich oreponde fo ‘QTSE St ktmure Whom the seroctni ol he el nr, the aarersedompcet ati ite re) Soo compte Ky) om saath tai, we ed oduct eraoce ration om the EEE mart opcode omer othe ciepoding ‘ 2, Lamme, Ip and 9 ace Hmpoteat mds oe ring [tr sn) oe Carepoeding ely areca tie Re ao rar oa ony iit ix pene tosses the sie Rey aig son ath lowe rian exter) 0 that they hoe Beene UN ont arconfute cer the group afm tts over GLA Pro he contin ace sce OTN) ahd wr 4 1 penn by wasn othe Fo 29 YD. EASES ie prove scent ofthe endtion,Suppoe 9 See and ep 2 eq We ca extend on boop Been ae wan Itami FF by kn eye cuplentry model Rp) aod by wewng hw magecde in, Sinan etn Tt a tmedale bao tees eh eon Bo). Once weve dene th, on {sgh apn yan ati aad 8 en by Ne ‘upton yan <4 atch Wea hve he rt a = = ub yh bp. Theta ecm tothe N= a ee NH Ce) NC td) Cr e9G8)-@ 9 the ('5% 44) hited ip 9004 Teer ‘eof ot upto 40 by permutation mae. Hox wan pane dain Po 1 Dato, Rag, Ml cli of CLAIRE UN oie tea en Fen MB) Mo #18 brave (38) ha we al ic mmeinat C, 8b eg (5 8) ey Mo 18) ate taf hn G0 ep Fat ae MUR) iat et ia secs Ge inpttteabe k CEST rl betes erp SEU escent tone Nowe an eat Lemna 12-1 uncer 1 Thre yt Pe wih me Pepe OL a te —— toi ae pang tonya) Ka ithe Grothe rap isso singh fc we can nowt hat ait nde pgs rm ‘so MEI) snd commutes ee ds te We wl a ntact ‘ample ing enc Ke vanish 1.2, Theor ("Morita Invariance”). Fo any ig al a pos ive ing he aaa amen Ka) "> Kyl Ml) Pro. Via he tl ifn of My) wth Ma) em M(R)) = Ma) and GLA) = CU, “The en hess nmeley ome Therm 12. nth (vet ite. A dieek ayrtem o diecte syeter ins category Talon (Ana objec nnd by partly ede ith the pens the fa, fe Ts te some'ye F872 as > Inala ene sappones ate ae opens "Aa —> Ay dk ‘Thenrr o£ Bs vthe compatiityeoaion Grover nto OS BS 2c) Ht fr nach ye am obec A= hp A oer wh Teepe Ya +g A slg te compiy condo vn = Jospas whence & Ay eth th wiv property Unt compaibe ‘opie Geih 8 Gm Goean at ctr oy re A~ Frente incresng ‘hc a acing sero Goes of abouns er atari ne In th catenery of as {eh eyed ete sn ahem ms), od rly Hone ea ‘Sour oy ago ser grade bc 28, Theorem. Let ler lag Re ~ Race bade pte af Tings andes Ry ee at eof testes Then Kal) aK ‘rok Axplyng Ke, we btn det yt of aban rst (Usllece ane 2 olPe) = KX)ncy tm tus i DOH? fmf ay oe wiv popry a he i Ei tee 8 aie fal imp in Ka) Rl) We eat to shaw thier an ower "To grove sjctvy a ome tat each € Hea)» at wit holy any ere ach coe of whch max cae fo se te shone yet tha o ul oa of tne ties hen pee Temp t'aime he cl fo p in Ke fn the image of the satual mp Ko(M) — Kel), ne che og aa) = ol) Bicep © H(A), generate Kel, hie roves sect. ‘Now port, Suppose 2H K(Ra) ad =~ On Ke ern sepone emi tom Rl) se ose fon = Pere lieth) Te ttt = 0 mo ha the ago and ‘i ie se aly omar athe sens of (LL.D With se ‘mre my in some the owe ght coos op tel ten place p and ¢ ty oi ad gly oth when apd Fo lem pea seeoeat the rare ewe of Pro beer are Conf tee G1(R). his hy Toorem 12:3) Once aa; th ‘Shia de th enjaaing mst me Hom sxe GEL» i then pi ens Ray), bee 2 =O nthe ce1.26, Example: ang with vanishing Ky, Weslo wo Tse 129 i cmt ing for ih al projective modula ay ier toc snobs (teeta 144) he for ch Kt) = ETE bea led ands V teen ndalmennal ctr space ner eR Bols(v) Ire Moot ton pan qe sponte seme Ma) Coder 7 10 and 410 In Ag) # Bog) 0, Ba Bada") 2 Ena(¥) = en Bodv) since VO and V haw he se dion ovr whan V nite Sierra No 0 ay ‘Poo. Nees to myth ows om he general rutre thee fo ily geared meseroet PID, ne preset Yas ‘ivescn nt agera cure. Hone nce here an eae! at ‘evil nha wel cer Deleind ng ne ve be at 3 be ‘Mataygrented peetine wade over Fee way te that A belied sme age by nds x nn omni {om ter seme hte MnO ce ning Lo pov. So moe ‘beret fr abe leo aad ex" be rojcin onthe tt curiae: Nae thr nape M to an Rimbodule of ce an tai (Af) 0 the we tay lew Mar embed nb BP ‘hd weenie betes, Other (Af) anor el ad e's tore tek mean ewe fy the PID property). SoM) 1 projcive and lence A pa otra (wl the von TLE) Sice oe wny view br eed nF, we ny tic adeie hyo that were FE Searsm where stele} Ply we ed vo Know tr the eH of M wl dei aw me fc that we may ao caren a he di (Pon ov Fyne P the lf rots of ‘The lean ofear ‘Th platy show te mar, my that sry suise A af Ritely ert fee Remedies We never ‘ply ae he et hat preci Foray ong sth unite nung Homose 2» ening tthe tty oman of By Toten 13, Ko(Z) % Z 0 Seat wap 2 of, Th age Cis ap he bong I ai gemrtc by itey pera fe Reine Tn eral, ‘hays ad at be ete Tape Le eo 122, Dellaion. The reduced ingroup of be quotient er = Kay Note that wean em het el} vise 1 vn ing DID geal Re) snes tb nemo pt of Kol, We wil fee he went oti tha capresso Dose en Nest wy amputee rings (hich ro yc tate, We bg ih over oe fl etal tho 413.3, Defaitlon, A sog (ast moma commutative Hea if {ieee sans of Heme proper Dad a Mo R Ep oss el gene ifh the ing a pe erm net lhl Zp, th ing of ros mbes the rf Sheep its pine 690, bp Param exampontn-comntaie Tage § be ay smcnmmatate tl lesen, where Fi st, et Fem fap bape tan? +e sy 8) Since ay por atine Iwith 9 #08 ele (hy the tl tha fo tvetiog pwr ser), he ements a with = 0 ott ial a ean 1.24, Proposition. Fra og oot mecsly commas), {o) fh swig xin et a aod = wave minal ight Sal a tho ee (Rison Pro. (9) > (8), He al wth a MF of wo arte hat oem f ean en ropes alr rope ih Ha, ene Ms bath Uw wae anal et a a he gue asi ik ea Rov ie dom (6) (0) Ase a) and = RE = doe ot hasnt per ten proper yi by ort em Seis ef ela () nha. Sry, = deo ve ig ier tenn noe ogee minal ight Me The. ‘Mec ime ots proper 2d el MO 1.35. Corollary Jaan cng an enka with xan nes Remark, Not hat epaig() by te coiton at Ra wae uaa! hed les very reat cam of ring the no lmuutatve com Aone ing (one with 0 Peed en ther ine (aly wed et cl ring 9 el ew outa tiers tor af sng enna at Be se 1.38. Defnition Ie any Hg he real (or Juco radical) eth toon fhe unl el By Propaiton 134 Sang the aon ecm th he si 1.8.1, Propostlon, Fr ayrng R he ae of Wade a Pro I en maxima eft ah ator of R/T fe Restlly te cial a Bence A) Annet Rin SPY = rad (moe ad, Aena(R/2= (Anna), ete of asin ih Hel, So ed ety he nesta She Ron 1 aod ie. Renn The prs showed hat the ral of the wt feet List slate al simple Fem ‘Ove sharaton we wl ord Laer that ac vy inp mole fo (mpi. of ‘hem AY pH ath A apn Pel, ay nal of who ee ef in nate ch mod, ast beth aaa 1.348, Proposition. Fer any rng R he acini with [26 R:Vee Rar hea vere) sw he terion the masini ends Proof Fin we sow th i contin the ented et, hey ol al, he ee sory sia es el ‘Sorpue fend Ia doe ot have n fe nse Than 125 Hes Ie prope tens anol Wal MSc a € Hy "Sonny sp ha fr alla € Lae a fives, Ua tea maton! tel IPs hen fe" MP Th or wt Welt bare aha mtfiton, Sed Recteids with {ee R:¥aC Rar te et ns)Sins, ca ie the igh al ba ih oes Sacer Rio ight ey 137, ed Raa € thereon €R ite (eet so) = hing (Lae) a) foe eso a ine raf soe vane rod ‘Thos Irae cu sa er, ‘Ts one {cba ese Since alo ha ig ives te TESA lene sot tose vei wate 1 ee {eA ea By aye, aH oR andthe oe 4139. Thorem (Noayema'e Lemna). Suppose ang and 3 ‘tly grad ie ac tht (a RJA = M, Then M =. Prot Soppne M £0, Pk at of pert ni ft M ith smell nlc (Tn pin pee tha eh sy #0) Ry hetrampto tht RAP" areal rm (ata rie tot By Props 1:81 ra ils ace zy a epee Fit cine on, Tne The comrade hw wsampton thst ‘n't ar sl pombe. 11310. Corliay. 17 rng, M i fey ert Rnd, fordeeysssm 8A hay grat M Fan ey if ei ges ges a i aR ad Rode "Prof The ely snemen tv Sopps ye ema Mild )M Let N= Ray tt By M coer N/M Pa totes be lgpnhoes of Raker Len 0 Y/N = O aed A= 1.31, Theorem, IF el sng mt ncn cate the ‘ey rie ite gece Ree fie wth muni dei tnd npr AF 22 nth ert the an ls (ene a Pr, Noe ja Re iso ing D1 tly erat pojcive female, we may me MQ N= 2 or won Tee ied 1) nal lof se Bmore ee ay of Imani n. eect whit Choo baht pul ek todemens 2a eM, yee ee © 8 By Conary 1330, the gener "We waco Ua ys ave a ee bia rhs sw intr tye ney nee ‘Goering set or Mth ea wit > niunly tered eke rank =n Mod DM, ate be the salar fe bs for. Sae we ow ae we senerling ets rH ah ea be expel in taro the tery ‘Seam coments ay, bye mt Ne Than wea nA (a) B= 6) he rae ct ae ety indepe ia ABP Stn troy mb EE Wohnen seco leet i ean Siow Bae Hila) © an) (age a ag 135) By Propane te ie Ss ‘Avaa ld ica Dyson babes ee Ce, BAST BE yoe ins seewce he lasrie Bo Pat of itr cl sas ta fn he portance ain on at echniaef ing ae eel nate ge Heol that 2a costae i, the et Spe af pre Waa fe ‘cme topsoil pace call the epetr hen ep ‘heeled Zara topology. Th can ste Bi hs oplgy ae pprnmred by h de Fat Re whee Ot 1 By= (Pe Spek: P21, 1.3: Proposition. Lat tex come sng sd It Spe be ‘i tne ea opto. IP 2S gered pobectve Remo. then Pt wld rank fonction ak Spec Nt ih ain tne lpr a neal a Pate ay cme ing he #8 ting Prof Cia ¢ Spe, Fy Ry Ox ie nly etre priv nodule nr Bw tal So by Prpaiion 12.10 fs thaw deta th the enton oh eine modenat ny, hte my ae nina eal of Py. See Be not Tok tp mays be computed Bn ain PUPP ‘Thich a mule over the intel dain ip, Uhen taking te dimeasion ie annie wore pace oe the afc Rip Natt pec a te nk fon, Ov ey of ig i sie the emote pre, Suppse Pee by au Hepat ot POM Ua The nlp P= kis oly ste iagn pn Mx) be cits uy Pb oy tewey ee)» (21) a Ep hans crit Th my cha ct ‘Spt to ayng pole tan pec leet of Fan he most ‘imal one etn ce a thom (pp 27) forme eal FB rape rak(t 9) 20k “Te poe the fl yikes ntaal tathen (oj nanopen ot ln Spee hoe Spee conn rash mt (eon ping mpi) 2 fr ronal comma ng Stan yt Emig pone 9 Spec and computing he rk tee 4.318. Exerc (The fle genera Ipotbalain Nakayare's Teint necsaar, Shy Eom Ragu Lnmm hat Ni be eg gt a cit tine RB Show cone gare oe gr tine fi 0) 9 Sin oll od "(he Noten, ih why th cou) 424. Berea. Compute AZ) ne of ory ge JOE RS tte pect pie poe at we tb hie ‘Remand Thee ops curpng png 2) 2 be eet, Ten we Toon P91 sl awe 128 4. Ko of Dedekind domains (Aparicio ings whic Ky entering a the Dele! deri We bei with the dition sd ta proper of thse dma thon pose ete paras wae wae ings ge neste thi section 10 wl aay see commutative inepel dovain embeded in Ws Bald 1, Deflation, A son svo Rie Fo Fecal faetional taeal of hi here eine one oe wih af CHCl nae Se a tia a ah rea su vege Weal Aiy iff © F(a, be Hab 40), the [upheld isa sire bg) CT Soc etna a! al prlncpal One can stip Goto! tal, under mtipation {hy fr a aan aot ah ety ent 1.42. Defiaition. Rigo» Dedekind domain or Dedekind ring ithe ttl launder salipeatin on up, Ley ghee fractional, hrs ental ad T°? with HY = Otero that umaasly ta (ee Peal © A Reifd = (ee Pia CA, la 7c, ba thaw Relig ucR Had ha Sd. 1.43, Dellition, Not th th prog tonal ea re asoup ‘te Gina ls tomonpie to “20 Toe claw group of the ‘dein domain do be cu = frou sine! lel (group principle ial). 44.4 Proposition. Te law sroup of Dosen domaln maya be ‘Skeid wah th et of andl americas of negli Pr. Cety sy ftoa Ha isomorphic wo ma nara oon {via lesan by ton nro of R= ()). At = (Da) ‘hn mtg y's ponte a0 nie epi Cawndy ips “J wan Mme hocrphin td oy € 0), ‘han fay Hoe) = ple) = aren, eeu) = a and f=] mR) 1.5. Thorom. 1f Dodi, tho oey cima Hel i tly femal prt. tia, Noto ‘Prof. Lat Ibe a facto! dea. Since I enate € 17 and pve € ch that Fy 2a Gali = Sonn whey e er = mn Tita oot. Sa ry nl oH ly peated 10 ‘tn ion, he hmong AJ df Wy (-— => ‘eat, ih pee (ry bea), Dy tes ea ino bmp oie amma ia nd a poet oy Thom 110 1.46. Corollary. 17 Dein, ten ee Belge pro tie fmol W tomer omc su of af pte, epic chews of theta pera Rl Pe. We me th ie agin in th pet of Thee 1 at A be ily geet projective med ve We ay aeht AF eed ome H.W ag by neti hak tistfitcto ses som of kidee or wae k's It =O, che ‘ting to one Str the oh fr sar leo ‘int ae preto ten cordate. Ree at + ae Moat Li Rimless a C=(A) = Ota wea ew M 98 ‘Midi utr 5) we a he inde hype” Oder Stoner ao een ty Tae 145 He Ite sft he aa 3.1, Sie way ie serch i more ies det of Fae nT. So Wise tec mmcFinds with e=P'Fs(n-1)168. D une pt oie Kal) CU, tw a don son the hor f Deki vin Thi il ly ene ore ih cate of ein dora a il st he in una hf ati a tert oa noe it pes) 14, Thre, na Did on oven eg al seta every pretation € ‘embwsng ot tr) in pine fr msn) es The gro ‘ecole th fap) balan rou onthe (rae) wee Po (0) pean 0 16 Han ine nt mina The ee a tte Baw gmt k= J ee TGI KSI = R Shee JK: that prion but J 1 bain Pin eg tt sommes So I's an on Baboare stern t proper ner il that arent pout fine Ws) Ae empty, wie dom, Ori ase ey cet no SNS SRL Real cmt ihn Te 15) SOESLEGS Gir rip Zom teva, eat bea sin! Hel Ise me nwo ve» tition pipet ker al on hfe lao Rae TE fy se ew proper al oti wey ce ire ati ao an wea ftuaa inten Stamey malig Soatitcrtati onde "C) Uninet tration Sip PP = Qi Qe we Glas a's Tien RA a = Qu Ga tee ih: Ale ong cy, we may oe Gr Fr Wee @: = Svinte Deel propery (whee Sy = FO) Maing hoa Fein Going dat we aus ave n= Lad Qs = Fi. So trans no pines ae (a) Cleey thre mp im the fee alan wou on the pene dain the tiple grupo tonal al By (0) on, ey suet hres oaething sol he ral neh PRS Ep = Ror pene el P ad we © some js) 0 ity hough ty FM Then ween up wth sane Heal nH havng to tet trots cnr (0). 1.48, Lemma, Le be any connate ring att ye be ee intl ht lym By en y= hel Pra Cy fl 1a, One thr hi € Fas € faa atnohbaberchnksenztaeehh ehh hl © 140. Lemma. Let be» Dein! dain and tI be ft! ‘ea J aie eal. There eit a Tm hae 1a) Pr Lat nF Be the tit pine an cern the tortion oJ pent Than 147. Choc og 12, PP th SFR clare Dae Rand C 13 Pi aE Pe SICA = Aon Py trata ww (1.48, ee TF Fr ‘contaition, Now ate hat a F foray H's an ner ded fd thangs ("as xb tay By Bo cn Ye die Ia any ote rise Hither, by he ie ow ka Be proper al od at ballot Ths mpl hat Dein oi doen’ mie ing PID be very ‘mh Hf Rien PID cto gy eer a Ded ‘Temi the bet one aslo he oe te long 1.4.10. Corollary. 11 Dakin di, itn ilo can Be grt ya tt slam Pro. Let be faction! a, 0 #6 1 Ue I =O lately Lem 19 hr ne Tw a Tent Rar kh 1411. Lemma. Supp is Deetind doin aed, bar fe ‘Sale or Th fy Tp fl med Prof Chose as # Oia fo it J =a hich tan oer ea ‘Apply Umma L9 wth fy Westen ota I Bchowe hc Ieth ely" ath ah tanh = tT 2)(% &)sven (ho memethiwe (5,3) tanintena() Z) thn opin th ee ren by etn by te enmity o tata, ‘Thaoem, Lit be kid oi, Then my ote siglo nin wn ih To ‘cin a fT ay rind, HP and ately at pee chee ae making Po SECS Rete td fe ema le is! tet an Sonn fo a 0) mt (ag) ce sts up a omar faba ours elf +2908) ‘Asa commatatio ng (0119) Kel) (iA UE (ECC. it sh operations rer coslry 146 ey finaly seated pti ede ett Seis Uc uh Be yo ey Fadel a Pu ned mk a sy et repr rthoudinr roto tm raket Ppt itr cece dency, Uong Lanna 1 Seat ott i gener toto #7 wna et (Manet on, thew fy fe 8 Remedy, (ably by Propaiton 144) fi = Tn c(h Once ts dove, he ole 1.413, al he entiation (Pe) ih CUR) ths toe spon aking th ict eum o eso oO oo al eh Fel apg ec 1.482 eae So pp we ave a map| as(at¥ on) 29h) thins Sion nty Ree map om oe to mata igen 1 mlitcaton by lento F {compat he pa of Propstie Tad) and f'n ned Wy rip option by bE male A tn B (thet F) wth anna ter Now Xe ‘gna ara with goal eee ys) hoe = ft, ‘Skt iption by 2 gp Hf hme it mali ‘on Asap ft Fey Th ro Aare th ig he ‘Stn cr er or wer ep hey th at eur stint ny Ths expan oho dcr lng ‘he tem shows that de(CA) ef inn de X= a, ota foudon tet Ty rll fy. Siiy yee Dyed)" Sra Se mitn yA npn on ap ‘We prod the charetsiation of Dehn dang. Ti ental se print show fh rags ies a Side re Dein lmao. Recline a wteng a ta Ha ‘ated integrally clwed in SW ay lento 9 wh les tout of ‘on plo with cinta tani en 1. Lema, Lt bo shan ne! ich ne lb hans atte Papa st eo feieerwe non ‘Pro. Se i Nowe, ely emi Ua = (ne or, Sit Sma mo yt SEMEOUR EI Tess ah steno Bt Diem iricatint pay chs tome pial Sih coca He 0 Hoe 1 gly ea Te a ALE, Lamia, Lat es Noten commit gan it a eva ao Hen Po mt cre re wr Pe: poste f,an be he aily o aa0 operat whch dr ons pst soca pe an vaste nein te ac), oi, Omg! wil ping w thee met nb eth awe, Seen Welw Te Teka ts Tem ils ne= Rs tri OTH a aE ‘ate Rewind STE TERS R Sealy tg Ho Soe ws ails fe at Ps toni ioe PPha Sh She sth 0) dy bse ow Pa Qe Tons (vadite m2 8h gr semi O4416, tam, Le he Nother intel doain in which ery Melati mana Let I bes ou an pops of The hore Since P waked Ram tn ef ‘Prof bet £001. Ton Bs contain by ern 1418 apr of seoeoc pie ely ny Ps Py de ay ae cee Lo be ‘Sia within pope. Lat Pomme eal etalsng 7 The PoP SRAGICP, so mie P,P ay BGP. Sin al pine eae re masa we hae BU inten f= Ree P mason nd hg Me CR tim 2 the by iy of, a Poe Pe Choe VE PP Whig Re undtc= f Then eR bat PS com Map Pa 1437. Thwotem: A commutative intl danas is Doin i a ‘al Fitba the fling thew proper () Brey masa pr a asi (0) is feral ed n't Bld factions F (8 Ris Noten Pr nnn oi sin Tn 148 md cl Leta eee adel ne NU atom pongo rene ane Res Reig he The laa a Pace ca yn ae cease nt te ice ben ee Rants ¢ 0 cen WOT ten tat sat Mipinag al 3 8 See td we spy ee See the eon a) tn saint, See ae era wes ted (ee Ral em) We ce oe ta tem Sef Noe dm mn Ima Sect alc yay anon, RUE) SHAE iy i ic komen 6 ee o eat Theor: Let F bea mal Be ed LADS [etna Wed ca Pt sen sca ten hk Bnd Sa ‘mW nate hanno Thr 1437, Cnn (ikea Pendtice Fina oe ene apy hme Soy omen So ney co “oe yg sre pine Wen R. Them p28 8 Weert ie wre Toel 8 2 Oy te prot Na) ofthe cnugtn of ome Gal exten °F) 2 th come toro ie wan pagan ob wc ty the mewn tht be Rha etic in Z Now the rod of he nino dc th rc «oot i Sod0g see RONZ-Cpi2 Tim pt a eno pine Had TE p= Gp) fr oom pine mains ps Se Fis & a algae ‘tomion of Gp mat contain na ute niger etn Zitp2) = ji) tw oer wr te etl frat Sines ‘nie aaa Sosin Hl, Rp a Be ey = mas a Te remit cha 0), Le that Hie Northassa” On my of ming ‘ais ty ang tha tan Recall ais © Fe Tol) the ee ‘he er operator of mip by 408 whe rep a ‘lineal vest pace ener Q, ware n= FO) Th tre pag, Gop) Tingley ia wn-bneate cost Qin pag on (sinetor2 Oi, Tepes") =m 40. Cine dete yy dy I nies pan For (Ose aya scant yaa 3 tds sent fr ovr Q and then skiing thn yay ge (Geary) inte to lou donates the conta ‘nn! polyoma) Then 22> (Tylon Teal@Al) 1 an being of ta Zn parle, 8 Hay gerd “iodo any mwa ch fe n'a rng chino ‘tradi i fely cated Zoe wn eroatee Noetberise). "Thar ie Noctberian Ch Fal, we show tat he Deki dna he by There 1418, seh aeons tty agai ma ae te ‘Serge Tae comin tga ney rn ‘Theorem. Let F bw a none Bb, 9 faite bene wx ‘en of Qa ee eth ing alate neers bn tht, he Inge char of Zin PTs the clas gop Kol Be Proof The prot ruth nton o the noe of ws el IC sn lata! of ch ple tovation Py, bythe Chins ead Toe, RL RFE BP Sx i fe er xh j (th oa of Theses 1418) an [UP cay ha apn sr with coe fat ah ‘one oR/Py RFs nates IF tea I nite. Thus we ean deli " = n= wim oamyee = TLeis dor tha ths sore iptv Vil = Wad Hs 11 gp to be cipal (3), nt tat nce Neg) he ‘ea a te one pera tian by 8 (Nh ‘Spc 2" ara awe a hoe [Ny at Heil = 180 cl oo the roa Tae LAT ha pi lea Papin AP ea ft oxen of 2) tee 0 EPY SC ‘ng © twoenponingp On therfore pine se there ny ely acy pre ls Pith PP) Taf prime hts te pine fottatin of), oe Riot, we me th oly Hany sty Hei ‘ating WE SC Fe foo, rere nls sow that thee come stant E> O cht ery amet af CU) hs vena 7 wl TiC. Cinema baie npn or Rea Zot. (That sch TEA esse nt rt of Timor 18) Tt be nas EENStin nee of cng ofone of ty nC and C= 0A (Slice smc of SUR) al veprat a tonal half the fear ytd tg We il show thee acter ‘erat tt sane clan with 7 fot = Pa dewets, thae at y the pgsmle pine be tno ees SC of Sith these ogee. at = gC 6d a TE a Qh 2 Toe al eal wd (6) = 1.2 th HLT = Hel = Na nth ter hain Ee ile of 0 et oS, we peak teks sth) IE MIE Pseate = TT feta tena TT tetas +--+ end < TL (uta) sia" = CWI, roving he he tite, 1.420, Brerca (Contraction = nontrval tron lent sie pear a 1) Sho ttf spi se in Q(V=B) that 2 Debt iowa ty Thane aan (0) Bow hay m2 yy pn in it 4 se a a 3 nn ys (2) Show hy st ppl: sth trate tn tpcrtr ec, and th he we si oe Svan /=3 ton . (e+ Ble a=) 3 frame aod € 2, sot gin bcp nests) eye +88) te crikin nomi 94893 wih imps (4) Shoe ht pam faethe gray CH {yy kao Show ht p= (2 VB) (6) Int, Ca eth cee ep ode Zt hah CSS pe Si et sy tn Ea (6) Spt Se pace Ry tnt me on Y=. ‘Tin fcaonon ow whe he pope UM pe sma sn hemp oy") Set 14421. Bsercie (A ving of lgerateintogers that ie alimost, but ‘et ule, Dedekind), Lat = Zly=3, wth fll of facts F 2 oo aay cod In Fa that i mt 3 i, by Tore 17, (2) Ents fntineal Hea e Ct dt Dw a oe. {te ecm inl projati merle 44.22. Berean, Show thet » Dedekind dona wit oly Bey Syn ea PD, mg ning hy et) (0) Let hPa compa tof he dice minal Meas, ‘Sow ing the Cina eae Theor Cat Rn RE BYP RIP sie prt of (2) Ea P ean gr Halo 2 Show ing (1) a tat ‘hematin at Fs PS 6) Tika Pa Pong Pg Cnny1423, Beste (Complete caletation of « non-trivial las TSE ethic ea R= Rls let 29 Ht ago ea el pele ancone o he t {1} how hat Rix Dodi ders (2) tty pre (ond tn mana) a in show hat det etn fad mshi ber FC ‘RRALE Syste en wrath the st porte em feces y ohne a, DER to + P= ‘eh te sed cane, rial ea etd By SOESRat ptm yr re Be RL > Toor 09 +8 Shes DER Doe? © Deuce ht theca ronp Kl Tata the cao dae (2-0, yD), ea, ER Satagton (oy Bw hai np piel she or oes ere By © Rael 69 = ed TP yeiapal et, SA yest as peal vain etn (ods) ee oy ithe pt are dati of ee {he near pyema ege Ply =H = Conc th al ‘orp rane fe sae ere of he ce ‘Doug hn clot e bare tht Kol 3 2/2 1424 sere (More om class groups of quite member BAGS, ued tes oreo npr a i P= Q(V@), wich he sel qn een {0 Siw tt he ng an eee 2, prone Gherda toe) mol fd 229] d= bm Tie tari ner 1420 14210) cy Tee NS fotemah pine Shon sa A) 8 re Eine the op cee sh ‘Sera te eng 0. orm) Flee) ptt deme. a hie Oe euuinc ies tha ce top ly Thetvdodes deer} ol cnt (oy Rigs RnB, vo he ple) ‘ta ic ey ptr tn py To ca wy in pn (i syne R= 2 with © = wh he ae d= S105 al ths Any Pala) ons bo tale tes he pris or aie 2/0). SCRE ET ted Pisa oe ep ‘Bioae) (0) Tome th dc) = 7 or ve po Bayada acne noice) ~ ero satel of crt sw eo ‘eer ines ono one Yc a thn). Tn hha ti (4) Show how Exeecoe 1.20 Bt nt this eoerl framework. 5. Relative Ky and excision ‘woth ia a ae Kh cmp an lt fact ‘hat tas Hn wel thay rp Hae ric oneton wits clan they tpl awl deh ct ‘Seon) te pal, wien fb ig cong 2 trocio a thee ts n nat eens ela K(f), dcr ene {Koop Ths ect sore nc wnt he sa eae ‘sity br yao opal pe (A WA) = WU) = A, ‘The al of thi section it Sine Uw eative oup a, 1 at "sera een latig to Ke) and Ke( 7 "Ten we pone wn seine tr oh xs sr oan ay ne 4.51, Dlition. Lt Be ig wel Cel (in hi tin ‘rats wed) Th double of song she sing he Cat Produce Rie 8 ge oy DR, (oy) Rx Riz—ye Note hats dass rjetin ona thet corto, han ha out exe eee verter (183) 01 DUH 1) 0, | these ay pt mein (with spltig ap ie By he Sg ong a UR) a tay, ye 1.5.3, Definition, The relative Ky-roup of ng sw an ale Aa by Kol, 1) der) RADAR, 1) -+ KA) etn fy ty Sh perme a il ny ant ee etm Sie eget ite ae vt tio rag mn i abo be used inthe next chapter, a