You are on page 1of 40

L



rBm  vldefodyf;o.if yDwB;  


    

zljerf;OMUwif;rdlif;vM;
yefjuFefbuefvdlOfuOfb
|12| emif;,dif;wB; n.ufbzdkefvdufj
vufhv.rfwlpf;qdkifjwB;
|9|

|26| usKid ;f wHak [mfeef;_zdKzsucf &H jcif; 18 ESpaf jrmuf


|29| ueftqifjh rift
h &mSEd iS hf wdik ;f &if;om;ygwD 8 zGJ awGqHk
|32| wkwef ,fpyftiftm;}uD;wyfzJG rsm; etzudk pdeaf c:
|35| etza-umifh trsKd;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&; tvSr;f a0;

22

25

ymif[yfhw.efjyDrfgbwB; efg;_e.ufjrldif;
Shan New Year at home an abroad

;G'yrlujs^;yj ,5b'yrluib]'yrdk

;G'ry ]oyHfoyH ,5'b ry vb'ry db9ry

;9ydt j5 9;yh dG'ry ,wj 06'b hy mwr

s^;y,5b'yr ,5b'yr,y.j

;Koyhsbo9
y dC jy 06'b hy mwr

;KoyhxG'ry ]5'y c0h9:ohy dG'ry ,yj. 06'b hy mwr

db'yjc0h;G'yrx6'yjxkj-C,y c0h;G'yr,5b'yr95oy

;G'ry ]khlG;hy

-:xhy 0yp
. j.y o,yS p:'hy gpkro,y0
t z
.y h5 vKoyj 05;b ry xoys'C ry l5'jy sK'yhmwKjxu,j.y 9wr,kr d5h0;yhd5hgdkTp5jgvkh? Zz5h9w:js<dyhX
S.H.A.N. P.O.Box 15, Nong Hoi P.O., Chiangmai 50007, Thailand

   
          e-mail: shan@cm.ksc.co.th
www.shanland.org, www.mongloi.org, www.khonkhurtai.org, www.mongloi.org/burmese

INDEPENDENCE

pWc:] kCam];nL: 1

zljerf;qkrf;ukdwf;okduf;/
vDOlefhzkduf;vBm;qOfj qeu
gxkr;kh-K;yj'K;yrv:dyj,kr ]:'yh06,yr
d6b9yrl6bdyr-;y ]Cxyh-y.hp:,yrg9kjl6bdyr,Koyh
voyd5b;yr,K'yj-y.h]wh-:'ys;yrd5Pyr/ v,yj,ur0y.
t 'b6 y -6dry
-yh. p:ojy pKoyrp6o
b hy ,C'jy -:'-y ;yooy0
0y.]wh x6boyr0;yh 0od 9'yr 0;yhoK'yrzu
,obg,-]k ]K9yhg9kjdoy?
0k9d **Q voyx9
6 m
ty 0;yh-whco
,5b;yhl:oyx:oyhm,yr 9uh]6dyho:'ytx:'yhxwKooyt
xGoy,krc9t v,yjxGoy,krc9t zy.gdkhv,yjsk
]dyrmKoylKdyhglj,oyr]wh? d5Pry dkh gxkr
]5vKoyj;5o0
ty ,: ry 06'b y d,yho,yg9soy d.K,yr
-5o-ty hw dK;yj]K9yhoyr. 0k9d Z0K9yhX voy
xGo]
y o
: ,ty o
: ry m,yrx69m
ty 0;yh -yh. l'yj-yh. l:oy
z5hm:,jy 9'yr]wK? syh> z5hm:,jy -;y;o
5 9
ty P
5 ry gl
gxkr;kh0yh. gdkhv;y gxkr;kh,;ygdkhxC9hy ooyt
d5Pyr?

p:oyrv;y-5;yr-:'y'6boyr-,yr9uhc,h-6b'yho6b'yh/
;khg9v;y-5;yr-:'yd.kjsG9yr96boyr]K'yr v:dyj
dkT-wK/ gxkr,ur'6o
b ry o,yp;yt g996db ry v;y-o
b6 ry
;Koyh,5b'yr?
d5Pyrdkh s^b;yr,oyr0;yh voyxkr-5;yr
d6ojy lbody kTooyt d.kjzkjPkr]5,ry ]K'yrlC'ry
]5'gy l ]5,0
ty ,5 o
y r.y xK'yj]wKj? ,oyr0;yh0'yj
;wKjokh9K'yr,5b'yrvoyvKoyrd.kj05rooytgl
]6Pyr;wKhxK'yj]wKj0G9yr;oyr9G,y9G,y? oK'yr
,obg,-]k zuxT.y o,y,t skl,69Ity 9kj 0'yj]wh
]5'yr,kr05r,oyr0;yhgl 9:'yhmK,y J,sk
l,69ytI9kjd.K'yhpy.j;kr;6boyr a'yjo,ytgdkh
v,yjsoygl ]6Pyr;wKhp5jowt xGoyzy.M? v,yj
,ur9K'yrg9zC;ya'yjo,yt]wh l,yt,6'yhsoy
z:oyr]ul'ygl p:,yr96dyTp:,yrpKxyj]6Pyr
;wKhp5jM? "

;wKho,ytoy.r,skl,69ytI9kj voyd.K'yhpy.j;kr
;6o
b ry owct 9t 9K'yr-9yr0y. g90K'yhp;t]
y d: jy
p;ty]wKd5Pyr v,yj0y.hs6b;yM?"
,oyr0;yh9:xjy ;kh JoK'yr-6oyzu/ gxkr
;kh,ur9K'yr-9yr0y.p5j06b'y 9dyr,urz:oyr]u
9'yro,y/ o6'b hy S v,yj]whm6djy zulK'yl9yr
d5oyrcltl:,yr? l:'yS ,5b;yrokh,krgdkh v,yj
]whoC'-y o
b6 ry ? l'y0;b5 dty ;y-khl,y;t kh sG9ry s6;b y
gdkh v,yjzC;ya'yj]whowgl p:,yrdKoyt06b'y/
o6'b hy S v,yjd6'b jy 9'yr d5b9jy ,krxGogy dkT0wKr?
l:'yS 9dyr]whm6dyjzulK'yl9yrd5oyrclT
cor? 0'yj;kh 9wKg9kj9G'Sty d;y-khv,yjp:,ry
dKoytc]h 0'yjv:dyjsC'yrgdkT0wKr?"
oK'yrzu0'yjmK,ymC'yh J-9yr0y.ow
ooyt 9dyr]whm6djy ,Cohy 9K'yr,oyrd:ojy ? gxkr
v,yjm6djy ,Cohy 9K'yr,Cohy ]wKr,oyr06'b y lwK0y.

gxkr;khv;yd6'yj,6oy]:'yh]whxGoy]6dyho:'ytx:'yhxwKx69tym0;yh06b'y
0:'jy g9g,k96;b ry d,y0,: ry d.K,yrl'yjl:oxy 9
6 m
ty 0;yhs6;b y
9dyr]wh9:'yhmK,y95Pyr95;yd;yj
9wrd,yho,y;kh 95;yd;yxGoyx69ytmzk
lk? v;yd6'yj,6oy]:'yh]whxGoyz5h0:,yr]'y
x69ytm0;yh? d5Pyrdkh gxkr;khv;yd6'yj,6oy
]:'hy ]whxGoy ]6dhy o:'xty ': hy xwKx69m
yt 0;yh06'b y
0:'jy g9g,k96;b ry d,y0,: ry d.K,yrl'yjl:oxy 9
6 m
ty
0;yhs6;b ?y 9dyr]wh9:'hy mK,y9P
5 ry 95;dy ;yj?
0;yh 0od owt c,h,oyr0;yhxkr9:'ty
gl ]whxwKh;KoyhxwKh,5'b ry Z,5o
b xy KoypK,yr]G;Xy
gxkh,oyr0;yh ]whm6dyjz6boyt;wKj-khsC,yp6b9yr
v;yvkjokjgsk-,yr? z5b;yj,oyr0;yhpy.j,kr

,oyr0;yhgdkh9:xyj;kh JoK'yr-6oyzu/
dKoyl,yj]yx. 'b5 ]
y v
.y ,yj;kh ,5;b hy ]G;v
y db jy ;oyr
okh v,yj,ur9K'yrzb9ry ,urz:ory ]udP
5 ry p6,jy
p,yo'yjowgl v:dyjvGoyv:dyjsC'yrsG9yrowt
v,yj9:o,ty ru ;khp;y]
t d: jy p;t]
y Kw ? d:,dyt kh v,yj
soya'yjd5Pry g9]whp:,ry 9K'yr-9yr0y]
. hw
05;b sty ;b6 ?y "
oK'yrzugdkh xGov
y oymd6 jy 0yg. ll6xb jy
mK,y J9K'yr-9yr0y. ,urz:oyr]uowooyt gxkr
xGo]
y ': hy 9K'yjx5'b cy 9t0h.y p5j? d5Pry dkh ]6Pry

gdkh0K'yhl69yrlG'yhp;ty]wK? 95;y0y.gdkh
pKxyj0:,ry ]wK]wK? ]whm6djy x5o
b hy d5;b ]
yt o
G hy d5Pry
v,yj0y.hs6b;y? ]6Pyr-K,yho,yt,skl,69ytI9kj
voyv,yjsoya'yjowt ,5o
b 9
y 'yr0yT. 96;b ry 9K'yr
-9yr0yv
. ,yj,Cohy 9uh,oyr]wKr,oyrd5Pry v,yj
0yh. s6;b My ? "
0;yh 0od 0'yj9:xyj;khS JdKoy
l,yj]y.x5b'y]y.glgdkh]uS gxkr;wt0y.;khsG9yr
s6;b gy dkh d;yv,yjv:'jy ]wh/ dkh]whv;yd,yH0k
9k ;khd5Pyrp;tyowgl xw:jx6boytxw:jxC9yhlwK0y.

Shan Herald Agency for News

L
0u;9
b 9
ty 95;dy ;yj06'b /y 9dyr]whxGo9
y hu x5o
b hy
cltl:,yr;kh d5oyrxC9yh]wK ? dKoyl,yj]y.x5b'y
]y.v,yj;kh gxkr95dyrm6b'y95;yd;yj06b'y d6b'yj
95;yv,yjd6b'yj95;ygdkhp;yt/ v:'yjv,yjv:'yj
gdkh]wKr/ 9dyrv,yj]wh]59ry p:ojy 9K'yr-9yr
0y.95;yd;yj? 0;yhoK'yrzugdkh v,yj]uv;y
d.K,yrd5ory xC9hy ]wK05;b ry ow,t krg9kT]K9yhco

0;yhx5oyt-K,yh]wh dKoy-G'yj9kTd5h]:'yhgl
v;y]wh-6boyr;Koyh,5b'yr?
0;yhgdkTg9kT9wj-whco-6o
b ry 0k9d
0od owt 0'yjl6bxyj;kh S Jgxkr,ur-Goy,kr
m6b'y95;yd;yj06b'y ,ur]wKr * x5b'y x5b;yh9kj-K,yh
x5oyt]wh?

d6b'yj]wKr]y. 9dyrg9]whv:dyjsC'yr0y.T
]wKrooyt?"
0'yj-y.hl'yj05b;yrsdyT0K9yh9'yr]wK
6 m
ty 0;yh 9'yrlG'hy /
05;b ry voy;khp6,jy p,yx9
gxkrsoym6b'y;kh g-khd.K,yr0;yh 0od owt
06b;yh0y.hc]h s;yr9dyr]whsk9K'yr-K,yhx5oyt
9dyrv,yj]whp:,yrg9kjz5h-Goyow06b'y ]usk

dKoy0;b5 ry voy9d5 ry m6'b 9


y ;5 o
y tw -yh. sG9ry v,yj-.hy sG9ry gdkhp;y/t
gxkrp'yr;kh0K'yhd,y0
t h:w vGory vKoyr06'b y 9dyr]whv;y
9'yr0y9
. 'yrl5xry 9'yr95;gy l -9yr0ys. 9
G ry lK'yh

d;y-kh? dKoy05b;yrvoy95dyrm6b'y95;yowt -y.h


sG9yr v,yj-.yhsG9yrgdkhp;yt/ gxkrp'yr;kh
0K'yhd,yt0w:hvGoyrvKoyr06b'y 9dyr]whv;y
9'yr0y9
. 'yrl5xry 9'yr95;gy l -9yr0ys. 9
G ry
lK'yh?"
oK'yr-6oz
y u ,obg,-]kgdkh xGov
y oy
m6djy 0yd. K. ,yr9:xjy 0;yh 0od gl s<xjy v6,hy
,5;b ry l5'jy m6'b 9
y hu ,5'b ry ,bm]
b k ? ;wKr,krgdkh ,oyr

Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

x6b'yhvb'yvGoysC'yro,ytd9yt95;yd;yj,ur?
x6'b hy vb'gy dkTglh
05b;yr,uro,yt0y.,5boydoy?
x6b'yhvb'yd.K,yr]ud.K,yr;Koy ]K9yhg9kj
s^Pry xwKrz5h-Go?y
x6'b hy vb'-y ;5 ry -:',y ru dkh,ur-oy-;yhskx5o
b hy ?
x6'b hy vb'dy xyr05;b dty ;G hy -5;b ry doy9'yr
z5hgdkTg9sG9ry -Go?y

]wKr-9yr0y.-6b'yx:'yd.kj dkho'yjx:'yxGoy? gxkr


l,yt;kh d.K,yr05b;yrowt ,kr0y.T96b;yroy.r0K9yh
xKoy';yr]wKrs;yrpK,yr]G;yv,yj]wh owgdkh
sy>hpboyrvwK95;yd;yj;kh d;yxGoyx69tymzk
lk,krowt l6,yr0K9yhl6,yrxKoyp;ytowgl
pGoyrxGoy9K'yjlklokgdkh ]up5j?
0-l Z@+2@@2#QQ+X

INDEPENDENCE

umefrldif;_odkuf;

oduk ;f rmefjqmifjnOf,MjylOUf =Of zAOjf qkr;f qmOf;cdOl ;f


vBjidkef;uljorfbuljydlif? nefxkufbrFefjq.rf;
rBmrDjauMjvD nrfbxkubf rFejf q.r;f rBmrDjauMj,Ofh
k ;f
nefvw
. jf qkr;f oduk ;f rmefjuAObf c.ijf q.r;f wde
nrfbrD;aoydil ?f ayM;cOfnrfbuAObf c.ijf q.r;f auMj
nrfb[Awf;vBj? ,MbOMj,MjrOf;urfvMj? nrfb
vlOd af oumefcmB wlO_f trjr.ubf ,Mj ,if;uAObf c.ijf
q.rf;u.efb-OMjeB/
zljn.e=f OfqmOf;yv.ijf auMUedik jf auMj
,mrfjvmwfjOMj- efg;rldif;rmefjeBU zfgrD;u.ifj
auMj
uA O f b c. i f j q. r f ; ,MjrOf ; urf ?
,.efUeeftvj qkrf;odkuf;rmefjauMj wdkef;
uAObf c.ijf / rdOl jf vAOf umefzOA jf rlpUf ,MjrOf;urf
nef[w
A ;f ,lbeBU yAev
f mB ;uOfUte;uM uMte;
uOfUulpf;-OMjeB/
wMbqkr;f udw
k ;f oduk ;f cOfeUB ayM;OMj nrfb
z.rUf nefrmefjqfUg [Aw;f wyfyh Ugf vFev
f e
d af uMj

yAeuf e
l ;f uMU,Mj? ayM;,.r;f [yfU[Aw;f q.r;f auMj
nrfbqfjg ule;f uMU,Mj/ ayM;qku;f ZBmboduk ;f rmefj
v.ifjumefrldif;umefodkuf;qdkif rdlefeifbyDbwk
qdwfh qkrf;ylbeM;ulOfb (ndlifbrdlif;wkrf;_rdlif;
omwfb) nefvmB ZBmbOMj yAeq
f rk ;f uMU,Mjeefh
,MbOMjawvBjxkubf te;? oduk ;f rmefjwyfUu.if
553b 554 ,if;=rfbvlrfjyefvl;u.efb/
eifb[dkOfqkrf;udkwf;odkuf;cOf awnrfb
=rfjuefvjB eefU ayM;wmif;e.ujf (vmwfjte
e.ufjrldif;) odkuf;rmefjte;OMj uAOfbc.ifj,Mj?
ayM;wmif;efg;orfU vmwfjwDjwmifbqkrf;OMj
qkrf;OMU[Awf;,Mj? ,MbcfgjuAOfbc.ifjq.rf;OMU/
][Aw;f oifocl jgf ugMbqf,
g bgf ydik jf ndi=f rfjq.r;f OMU?
OMUeBUqdkOfjvkqdkOfjeOfj? ulOfolqdkOfjeOfj
wluf;vkuf;wluf;vOfq.rf;cOf}-OMjeB/

zljerf;ef;g SDU wFrjf vdujf ql;z.i;f wmif


zljerf;efg;=rfjwkrfWD@r.ufUca'@oD@
qkid jf wB; SDU (Shan Democratic Union)
qBm;Oef;ofg wFrjf vdujf ql;uFrz
f i. ;f vlin
f ar@
'dcOld @f cdw
l Uf cFrUf aV@vf (Kurt Campbell)
uyf;uBmbZBmb qdkifjrdlif;an@osLdOf@Oef;n.ufb
eMjawugMb,Arfjrldif;rmefj 2 Oef;/
cfjg {jcBjqfig Of;vBm;rmifqOld Uf rmifvi. jf ef;g
rldif;rmefj/ qkrf;odkuf;rmefjnmef;urfudef;
qkrf;qmOf;cdlOf; [Awf;wyfUyfgUvFefvdef/ aw
wluf;,lbwfgjwyfUodkuf;rmefjukrf;urf umefcOf
cwf;qfrg M; ylOd jf wMbokebf vBjz.i;f irf;[if;acM
eefU awnrfbrD;,OfU/ umefudkwf;odkuf;eBU
ref;yAefqlOfjcmOf;ulpf;? uMjqlOfjokefbvBj
umefrldif;,if;yBbvBjtwU qmifjyAefodkuf;odlOf
uefxFifj/ rdlOfjvAOfqkrf;odkuf;rmefj xFrf[Fif;
oduk ;f zdw
k Uf qdrcf OfjeMjvdef qkr;f udw
k ;f oduk f;
wduf;wduf; cFef;awMjqB.jyef eifb[dkOf,Mb{j
vBjyAefodkuf;-OMjeB/

US

;oyrmb %2@@2Q+ 0:,yl6bdyr9G'yr0G'yj sxyts^xyt -5b9yt -C,ytg[H]y 9uhgojxujg9kj

Photo : AP

qOfj,.wjf okud ;f vmwfjOMj- iOf;vBm;


rdOl jf vAOf qkr;f oduk ;f rmefjqmifjnOfyef[M,Mj
rOf;urfteeMjwdOl jf ao ,.e;f wmif;qBj. xFrf
nar@'dcdlOf@ wMbzAOfjrlpfUqkrf;qmOf;cdlOf;
wif;qkr;f omefcwf;/ zljvAyjf [Ae;f cOfauMjOMj
ayM;qkuf;ZBmbqkrf;odkuf;rmefj v.ifjumefrldif;
twU cfgjuMUoifauMjvBj rD;wlOf,mifbydlifyAef
wif;erf/
zljvAyjf [Ae;f cOfauMjOMj- yleUf rM;vde
l f
oFyfUxFrf@VdlOf@ 09 wdvBj,MjrMU 2 vmefh
rAwUf wDjwMjcDjvAu;f ? rmefjte;OMj vkuUf ymif
omif;rM;/ uljy.ujf rmefjwde
k ;f uFwbf tct[Uuifj
yefOMU? zftg e;nrfbvBj/ xB;auMjOMj- cmOf;
wmif; 20 yDrM;eBU wduk Uf vBjide;f rmefjvmwfj
qdlifUeBy.ufjeBUulpf;/
ule;f uMUauMUedik jf auMjvmwfjOMj-umef

l6bxyjokhS6
Shan Herald Agency for News

zFeuf mefrmefjnmef;=pf;OMUy.w;f qmef;yAeZ


f mB bcOf
ymifukrf=Of[kyfjoDbvdlef rdlOfjOef;xd
06_10_09 c.ifqkrf;odkuf;rmefj wDjiOfjikef;
odkuf;okifokwf; aebysDbawMbeefU 1U auM
urfumefodkuf;xmufj qdlOf;nMb,ktubxOfj
(nMb,k 70 cde
k jf elOd )f {judw
k ;f vdOk jf nOfue
l ;f
cmOfUtub (nMb,k 50 yBm) ykwjf wFe;f wef;
[Aif; 2U qkrf;odkuf;xmufj awvFufjvBmjyAef
yMbwDbumefrdlif; 3U zFefumef=pf;yBm;olef;
wkrfOMUy.wf;qmef; eMjvdefodkuf; 171 /

uAObf uyf;acMj 3 ao qifbqfUg qOfjoduk ;f


vlif n.ifbOdef;nl; rM;yAefydOfb[Mbrl; ykwfj
wFef; qOfjodkuf;vlifausMbwlb wDjykifbyMbcFrf
rdOl jf Oef;xd 05_10_09 ? ref;qBm;cOfj[Mule;f
rlid ;f ulp;f yBbayM; nFObf yM;ysbD wkqw
d Uf ? ymifoOf;
wyfUOMU eMjvdeo
f ukd ;f 171 wDj=pfjanMj/
ref;qBm;arMvmwfjarMqM ugmrf;nlefj ugmrf;
n.ebf arMwdw;f awMbcOfjn.ubf rdw
k jf udOk ;f ole;f
wkrf/

zljvAyjf [Ae;f cOfxwf;omifOMj- qlOjf


n.ibf Ode;f nl; rM;eBUv.ijf rmefjwif; OMUcAijf cFif
umefoukd ;f awMbuefauMj cde
k ;f cOfjn.ubf iBmjvlrf
rdlefuljy.ufj-OMjeB/
wDjymifurk af uMurfumefoukd ;f xmufj (Veterans Organization) eefU q.rfqduf;odkuf;
rmefj wmef;olpfb OMj- awnrfb,.rf;rlefU
tr;vFufjvBmjydlifiOfjydkif;rdlif; 2008 /

wyfUoduk ;f cmifvw
. jf vFO;f wlubf cdOl ;f vdujf =rfjrBmymifvil f
rdlOfjOef;xd 24_10_09 zdkefcmOfbcmif
KNG (Kachin News Group) wFrfj wyfU
odkuf;cmifv.wfjvFOf; (KIA- Kachin Independent Army) wFrjf vdujf ql; wmef;olpbf
OMj- wyfUoduk ;f cmifvw
. jf vFO;f KIA aw[Aw;f
wyfUyfUg vFev
f e
d ?f ulp;f uMj ,Mb{jvBj,lbwfjg
wyfUodkuf;rmefjukrf;urf/ umefrmufjrD;? yBm;,lb
vD? yBm;ypMb qdOl ;f eBUauMj aw,dy;f ukr;f [if;
ulpf;eBaowMU qkrf;odkuf;rmefjnrfb[yfU/
vde
k ;f okw;f KIA vBjwmifbvmwfjxFijf

v.ifjvdufj=rfjrBmymifvlifOMj ayM;qkrf;odkuf;
rmefj[yfU/ [Aw;f q.r;f vdujf =rfjrBmymifvil q
f idk f
aw,.r;f Omif;cdil jf ? ZBmbedik jf wmif;edik jf nDb'Mb
OWDbauMj n.ufbcmOfbOMj- vmwfjv.ifjvdufj
=rfjrBmymifvil e
f efh q.rq
f ud ;f oduk ;f wmef;olpbf
qfgvrfoBjurfUtwUtwU-OMjeB/
zljerf;wB; nefuUB wlubf cdOl ;f vdujf =rfj
f Ofj,.wjf oduk ;f ref;
rBmymifvil ,
f ;gf ,f;g eBh yAeq
qOfj,mrfjvmwfjOMj- yef[Mumefrldif;-rldif;
rmefj wuf;vBjtujvdwjf wDj uOfUiOfjref;?

ayM;cfgj{jOmefjrdlif;uwf;,Aef wuf;vBjckuf;
clefUtr;y.if[Awf;q.rf; vdufj=rfjrBmymifvlif
([dkOf) erfUqfgymifvlif/
acMjudeuf e
F bf vdujf =rfjrBmymifvil f 1947
eefU ydlifvlifref;rD;OBUOMj uljtqjrldif;rD;
okebf vBjz.i;f irf;tqjrdil ;f zfrg ef;[if;acM? rD;
okefbvBjzAifbyAif;? rD;okefbvBjwFyf;wwf;
wlOfuOfb[if;acM? =rfj+rf;uefyAefqdkifjrldif;
=rfjwkrf wArf 10 yD,OfU tqjrldif;vfg cfgj
zmwfbn.ufbauMjvBj-qdlOf;eBU/

tujvdwfjulpf;nrfbvBj? wuf;vBjnOfumef
rldif;tujvdwfj eBUqFifjvFif;/ nrfby.ifbOMj
qkr;f qmOf;cdOl ;f nmef;wFubf n.ubf qdik jf rlid ;f =rfj
wkrf qlid Uf eifb,l@ulO@f ovM@VD@,dOl @f tvj
olOf@OFwfU yAefvBmvBmrdlif;/
uMjyleUf rM; urfjyMjerfwul bf vmwfjcdOl ;f
v.ifjnOfu.ef;acMaowMU iOf;vBm;vkrfjZMU
Oef;rlOd jf eBU nrfbyefwMbnOfue
. ;f acM? vkrjf
ZMUomefcwf;v.ijf qdik jf rdil ;f wFubf ,Bmjtvj
urfjerfcdkef;,.rf;[yfUOMj xkufbvDauMbwifj
qdik jf rlid ;f =rfjwkr/f nefrmefjOMj- rdil ;f rmefjrD;
135 qdOl ;f cdOl ;f tvj wyfUoduk ;f rmefj wuf;vBj
ukr;f ,dy;f OBUeefUnrfbqfjg ? wde
k ;f nrfbrD; 135
qmOf;cdlOf;? zmrf;vFefwMb{jwyfUodkuf;rmefj

ukr;f ,dy;f nrf;emwfjugMbxFijf cmOf;,mOf;ulp;f ?


,.eUf eeftvj cfjg wku;f ,.e;f qOfj[Of; nOf
vdufj=rfjrBmymifvliftvjcgefiOf; vdufj=rfjrBm
ymifvlif wdkuf;olef;{julef;rldif;qdkifjrdlif;=rfj
wkrrf mefj rD;v.ijf qrfqugf efce
kd ;f -eB,OfU/
ZBmbedik jf qOfj,.wjf oduk ;f auMjvmwfj
OMj-n.efwmif; ,mrfjwdkuf;olef;cmif v.ifj
vdufj=rfjrBmymifvlif? u.yfjOMj rldif;cmifrD;rM;
,.efUvdufj=rfjrBmymifvlif? ayM;nrfbrD;vdufj
=rfjrBmymifvil af uMj nrfbrD;rlid ;f cmif/ (ef;g vdujf
=rfjrBmymifvlifyM;OMj nOfrdwfUusD;eM; wif;
OmefjarMj =rfjuef[Awf;tqjrdlif;cmif)/ u.yfj
eef cmifvv
D jB nOfvud jf =rfjrBmymifvil v
f mwfj
awMbqkrf;odkuf;rmefj-OMjeB/

l6bxyj,krokhS6
wyfUoduk ;f cmifvw
. jf vFO;f (KIA) auMj
wlufbclefUcdkef;vdufj=rfjrBmymifvlif? oifOMj
odkuf;rmefj ,.rf;[yfUacMjudefuFefbvdufj=rfj
rBmymifvil ?f nrfbu.rUf OMj[Aw;f wyfUyfUg vFev
f e
d f
,if;aw,.rf;Omif;cdlifjvl;u.efb/ |vdufj=rfj
rBmymifvil f vBjqfug efOUB OMj- 1U uljtqjrdil ;f rD;
okebf vBjz.i;f irf;[if;acMwArx
f e
l jf 2Uokebf
vBjule;f _zAibf yAi;f 3U WD@r.uUf ca'@oD@ qdOl ;f
eBUE qkrf;odkuf;rmefjnrfb[Awf;q.rf; ulpf;yBb
ayM; ,if;odubf ,MUyFwjf vdujf =rfjrBmymifvil /f
ayM;nOfrBmrDjOMj ,mrf;vAOfqdkifjrldif;=rfjwkrf
nrfbrD;,OfU auMjOMjvBj/ qdik jf rdil ;f =rfjwkre
f UB
ydkefUwDjeMjvdefqmOf;cdlOf; ,lboOf; 57% ?
=Ofulef;qmOf;cdlOf;rD; 41% ? nOfumefodkuf;
6

Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

INDEPENDENCE

zljerf;ymifomif; olbqf;g yef[iF ;f qfq


g rk ;f rdil ;f vM;
x;yrpG;yjiur c]h 0;yh0wKr]6boyr ,5b;yhxw:r #Q xu,5b'yr]kr Bao Youri with Sai Leun

Photo :Harn (SHAN)

Oef ; xd 08-10_11_09 yl e f U rM;


zljerf;qefo
h ik q
f rk ;f OMUvBmvBmauMUvli;f ugMb
qfg;nkefbqfg;,Aef yef[Fif;qfgukrfuef wif;
zljn.ef=Ofqkrf;rldif;vM; ? idef;OMj zljerf;
o.ifqkrf; vBjqfguefyefjuFefbeFefjeMvldOf
uOfb? nrfbyefyAefqdlifUeifb rldOfjulOf;umifU?
[Aw;f {jzlju.e;f oduk ;f wyfUu.iw
f yfUqkr;f zljrD;
kd jf
qefUcOfe;gf wyfUoduk ;f rlid ;f vM; rD;[Fi;f qfcg e
rM;twUtwU cde
k ;f yAe=f yAew
f M,krUf ,krUf clOf
clOf rM;urfjerf-OMjeB/
zljerf;qkr;f OMU ugMbrlid ;f vM;y.ujf eBU rD;
yOf;,AOfb'D; qmOfUauMnmif; ,defodlif;ydlef;
qdlOf;eBU/ =OfyOfj qOfjqBm;vdkef; ndufbzlj
erf;qefUokifqkrf;rldif;vM; [yfUw.efjnkyfb

ukrf/ zljerf;OMUyef[Fif;qfg,fgbOMj- ,Mbay


,.r;f umefU ,Mbyefwul ;f v.u;f vlrbf vku;f crf[OF hf

rmefj-eB,OfU/

qkr;f oduk ;f rmefjvFyjf nOfvi. jf yBb. qOfjodOl x


f e
F jf
=pf;qkr;f wB;udw
k ;f oduk ;f [Aw;f yDbwkqw
d Uf
nefqkrf;wB;udkwf;odkuf; (SSA) y.w;f
+ifb wif;odkuf;rmefj nkyfbuefwDjvMjoAOfj
rdOl jf 14_11_09 ao wmifbteoBmrBmule;f qdOl ;f
,.r;f [yfU[Aw;f wyfUyfUg eMjvdef 3 wDj- y.w;f
xkiUf rmOf;? vBc. Old ;f -erfUvefj? uMvdue
k [f id ;f
wif;oAifjnAef[Fif;r.ufj 200 eefU odkuf;
rmefjOMj{jtr;olef;wkrfrfgb wDjanbokwf;
{jrD; 3 wyfUu.i?f edik jf wyfUu.iv
f ,
gf Mb{j,.r;f
250 ? rmefjvmwfjxFijf OMj- v.ijf [Aw;f yDbwk
qdwUf wyfUyfUg eMjvdee
f UB {j,OfUwlOjf eMjyD
2009 oAijf -OMjeB/
qOfjvBr. mOf; qOfjuBmbZMU cOfvmwfjwDj
q.ro
f ukd ;f t,;rse
d Uf OMj- zlju.e;f oduk ;f zljrD;
qefUurfjerf yBbcOfjqf,
g r. ;f [yfU yBbz.rUf tvj
nrfbqmifjOMj[dkOf? rD;uMj[dkOfauMj wmifbte
uMjeefUulpf;-OMjeB/ OBm;eefU odkuf;rmefj
vFyjf yBb. cmOfbnOfvi. jf qOfjodOl x
f e
F jf [Aw;f
acMje.ibf oAwjf uMjoAwjf =Of vmwfjOMj ayM;
,.r;f [yfUvFujf vBmj awqmifjyBb. yefqOfjodOl f

xFefj-OMjeB/
cmOf;wmif; r.ufjedkifjvdlefrM;eBUauMj
twb[Aw;f =de;f rfbg wMb qOfjodOl x
f e
F jf ,lbwDj
oFiuf OF Uf ? ulp;f uMj qOfjodOl x
f e
F jf OMj-oifvjB
v.wjf n.ubf auMjcfjg ugMb,lbrlid ;f tcbulp;f -OMjeB/
ydOl jf wMbvFujf vBmjyAef wyfUyfUg eMjvdef
nefrmefjwdOl ;f yefcmOf;,mrf;awMbxdik yf o
D iA jf
eefU {jyefugmrf;w.yfbvdkef;okwf; Oef;xd
22_11_09 ulp;f uMjqkr;f wB;qkr;f OMU yBbw.ybf
oifeifbuef/
urfjz.ijf xwf;omifOMj- Oef;xd 23_
11_09 qkrf;odkuf;rmefj[Awf;ymifukrf+yfj 4
vde
l f y.ujf urf; 3? u.yjf eef oduk ;f rmefj{jw.ybf
Oef;xd 22_11_09 eefU ydlOfjwMbwmifb
vmwfjnkyfbefg;ymifukrf? v.ifjqkrf;udkwf;odkuf;
cOfwdkef;awnkyfbefg;ymifukrf-OMjeB/
qkrf;wB;udkwf;odkuf;oFifuFOfU wmifbte
oBmrBmule;f qdOl ;f ,.r;f [yfU[Aw;f wyfUyfUg eMjvdef
HGF (Home Guard Force) wMb 3-4 wDj

y.wf;xkifUrmOf; rD;[Fif;r.ufj 60 qOfj[mef


,.wfjrmOf; awn.ef=Of? y.wf;vB.cdlOf; erfU
vefj tqjOAif;oDbayMU efg;wyfUqkrf; 3 rD;
[Fi;f r.ujf 50 yBm qOfj[mefwmef;ax;n.e=f Of?
y.wf;uMvd-ukef[dif; wyfhqkrf; 7 rD;[Fif; 50
yBm wif; 3 wDj=rfjr.ufj[drf; 200 yBm/
qkr;f wB;udw
k ;f oduk ;f wif;oduk ;f rmefj =yfU
nkybf uefyu. jf eBU nrfbayM;cOfjv.u;f cOfjO.ibf
uef? wif;o.ifbZBmbxAifarM;uefoAif,fgb
oAiv
f il [f mOfj[Fi;f OBU-OMjeB/
nefoukd ;f rmefj ,mrfj,de
k jf ugmrf;cmwfb
OMj ulef;nMb,k 50 cdkefjedlOf {judkwf;vdkOfj
umefoukd ;f eefh ZBmbt,;rse
d chf Of ,.ebf ,mef;
yefOMj- nMb,k 60 cdkefjedlOf qifbuB.judkwf;
vdkOfjayM;umefauMjvBj-OMjeB/
Oef;xd 16-17_11_09 OBm;vkufU
vMjoAOfjy.ufjrdlOf;cdkef; qkrf;oFifuFOfU [Awf;
ymifnkyfbukrfoyf;vFif;teuefwDj iOfjikef;
oFiuf OF Uf -eB,OfU/

Shan Herald Agency for News

uAObf uyf;v.ijf rmefjqfUg [Aw;f wyfyh Ugf vFef


eefU zljerf;qefUokifOMU oFOf;rdefbvsFif?
qmOfUOdlefugmif;? yOf;,AOfbvsFif? vDbql;tvsU
(nl;n.ibf rse
d Uf )? wMUnBmjvle;f ? yOf;omrfuwf;
(zlju.ef;wyfUqkrf; 468 rfgb)-cOfugMb=yfU
nkyfbwDjwmifU,mef; rldOfj 14_11_09 / ZBmb
oduk ;f rmefjrD; q.ro
f ukd ;f t,;rse
d Uf ? uFrz
f jl u.e;f
wdlif;odkuf; qAifb+ifbOef;n.ufb (vMjoAOfj)
d Uf ? ydObf [Mbrl;wmifU,mef;
qOfjoduk ;f vliv
f MUrse
qOfjokduf;vlif cBmbaqMb -qdlOf;eBU/
t,;rse
d Uf vmwfjOMj- {jvFujf vBmj[Aw;f
wyfUyfUg vFev
f e
d f 3 wyfUu.i/f (vdOl af oeefU
y.ifbOMjawvBjOmif;cdlifj? nAef[Fif;odkuf;OMUrD;
2-3 rde
k bf auMj nefawvBj,dy;f u.ijf ,lbwfjg
oduk ;f rmefjukr;f ,dy;f yAew
f yfyh Ugf vFev
f e
d f aw
rD; 2-3 wyfUu.iuf p
l ;f )/ zljerf;OMUcOfwy. bf

OMj nrfbz.rfU? nefz.rfUeBU zlju.ef;odkuf;


rmefj 3 auMU ugMb,lbq.rf;iOfjikef;ymifomif;?
zljrD;qefo
h ukd ;f rmefj ,lbq.r;f uljwyfuh i. e
f efh
nrfbz.rfU-OMjeB/
qkr;f OMU ,if;vmwfjwDjrmefjOMj- eMj
vdeyf w
. jf =Ofymifb-ymifbvlif tvj arMbZMUeBU
qdik Of MjyAee
f MjvdeOf MU/ okud ;f rmefjorfUwduk hf
yuf;xif,bl vMb-OMjeB/ uAObf uyf;ide
l jf cB_acMj
e.ifb qkrf;OMUugMbwmifbteauMj okduf;rmefj
ymufjyFwjf rlw;f ? wif;o.iZ
f mB bnrfbwlu;f vli;f
uefvBjoiftvjylwf;ymifukrf-eB,OfU/
ZBmbOMUvmwfjwDjrmefjOMj- [Of;q.r;f
qfgol? [Awf;q.rf;ugmrf;oluljorfbuljydlif? cmOf;
wmif; 20 yDeBU yAef[Of;,.efb,mef;vBmvBm?
nefo,
l e
. bf ,mef;yef[Of;nrfbrD;oif? qArf
rdOl jf ugMbwmifbteokebf vBjokebf yAeq
f mOf;cdOl ;f

oFOf;rdefbvsFif

Xiao Minliang

OMU[Of; efg;ymifukrfvlifqmwfjqdkifj NC auMj


olnrfb[yfUoif? orfUcfjg {j[Of;[yfUc.io
f o
l iA jf
oAijf ? olorfn
h rfb[yfch i. [f Of;oif [Of;rM;nkybf
urf;eBh nrfbqfgjwMb qkrf;OMUymifomif;[Of;
ulp;f ? wmifwOl yf M;qkr;f rlid ;f vM; rdOl jf vAO[f Of;
2 qkr;f wlu;f vli;f uefyefjuFebf eFejf eMuef
,OfU-OMjeB/

OMUtr;ukr;f cgmufjwyfUcduk Uf ,fbg vdOl uf Ofb


OBm;zljerf;qefUokif wyfUoduk ;f rlid ;f OMU
z.rfU=rfj (UWSA) ugMb=yfUnkyfbq.rfodkuf;
t,;rsdefU wDjwmifU,mef; Oef;xd 14_11_
09 rM;eBU wyfUodkuf;OMUtrbcgmufj auMbomifj
wyfUymifqil f [dr;f rif;oFif nefwifj,lbedOl f
vB.,fgbvB.vlif awMbeMjvFefcFefjOMU-rmefj
cduk ,
hf bgf vdOl uf OfbxFijf ? nOfvw
l Vhf uF =hf Of; (backhoe) ckw;f ao [Aw;f wyfUc.e@
f u'dw@f vlif
cFrfUcFrfU/ wyfUymifqlifeBU awMbeMjwyfUvB.
ymifvlif c.ifodkuf;rmefjnefyAefwyfUrmefj
qdOk jf oAi,
f bgf ZBmbn.ubf cli;f ? rdOl jf yMbwDbc.r@f
rdO@f edwUf rlid ;f rmefj (yuy) wif;oduk ;f rmefj
,dOk ;f uefujl y.ujf auMjwif;o.iZ
f mB bwBm=Ofymufb/
wyfUvB.ymifvlif yAefwyfUrmefjy.wf;
n.ubf cli;f awMbeMjvFecf e
F jf OMU wifj,lbOlijf
umifrif;oFitf vjclOe
f rfUcli;f wMju.i;f nFw;f /
8

Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

wyfUOMUymifqlif rD;ZBmbn.ufbwyfUrmefj vB.


ymifvlif? ,mefuefwwf;okdOfj 3-4 vuf;
awMUtwUrkifj[efuef/
nefOMUcdkef;tr;cgmufjwyfU auMbomifj
wyfUrfbg {jcduk Uf cFrv
hf Old uf OfbeBh twbqAr=f Ofve
ld f
oFyx
hf rF @f VdOl @f rM; wyfyh mifoOf;oduk ;f OMU nef
awMbeMjvFefcFefjrmefj y.wf;arMbZMU eMj
wmif;qmef;auMj trbcgmufjauMbomifjcdkufUcFrfU
vdOl uf Ofb-eB,OfU/
ZBmbedik jf wmif;edik jf twbumifve
ld n
f u. Uf
xlO@f VdOl @f rM;eBU qOfjeMjwDjOMU [mrfjule;f
qmOf;rmefj cOfjeMjvdeOf MU? wDjqOfjuM;auMj
oifbOBUOMj ,Mbaywmifb? qldOf;rD;Ofguyf;wlOf
rmefj (rmwfjylifbwdefb) qArfvAufU,fgbekrfb
xOfjqBm;,di;f ule;f rmefjqdOl ;f ,lbOBUauMj ayM;
n.ubf rdOl ;f nrfbvBjcOfjcde
k ;f ymifomif;/ rdOl jf vAOf

ulef;rmefjqdlOf;,lb[Awf;umef efg;ymifomif;
wif;rlw;f vmrf;cmwfjOMjrD;r.ujf 200-300?
[Awf;umefuljv.ifjv.ifj rdlefeifb[mefUcBmclOf;
oufUclOf; trjr.ufb,Mj rdyfbelwfj auMbomifj
=if;tr;vlwfU vmifUuM; ZBmbzkufbo.rfj tvj
umef,myfb umefeuf;uljydlif/
efg;ulef;rmefjeyfU=Ofymufb qdlOf;[Awf;
umefr;D ,lbymifomif;uljq.uUf ulji.ejf eBU wde
k ;f
yM;oBmvyfUoduk ;f rmefjurfjz.ijf eefU qOfjeMj
wDjOMUauMj=U? rdlOfjvAOfa[j=yuf;wMwlpf;
q.rf;vdlOfuOfb/ ZBmbedkifjauMj ydkefzmOfbOMjayM;zfgcfgjy.ufjrdlOf;-rdlOf;vBj? ,lbauMj{jrD;
vuf;xmef rD;umef[yfU+if; rD;oAejf rBm=Of=e
d ;f
wFwjf eFwjf -eB,OfU/

Photo : SHAN

OMU=yfn
h yk bf rmefj nrfbwlu;f vli;f uefvjB
xAiaf rM;ylw;f ymif

INDEPENDENCE

Zhao Zhongtang

ndifedlOfwdkOfUwmif; Oef;ymifyB.;ulyfUulj
o.eUf rdijf _ymifcuF bf vkujf ,di;f qmOfq
h il ;f wmif;
(uFrz
f jl erf;oduk ;f xd 2) ao Oef;xd 17_11_
09 zljerf;qkr;f rlid ;f vM; ugMbymifomif;/ o.if
ZBmb[Awf;ymifukrfnkyfbnlOf;uef Oef;xd 18
awMb 21 ? zljerf;ymifomif;rD; oFO;f rdebf vsiF f
(uFr=f OfyOfjxd 1)? qmOfUOde
l uf mg if; (uFr=f OfyOfj
xd 2) qmOfah uMbnmif; tvj qmOfq
h il ;f wmif;/
qkrf;rldif;vM;rD; uFrf=OfyOfj qOfjomifbvlb?
uFrf=OfyOfj qBm;vlif (xAifbvdef;) |vkufj=Of
yOfjvlif qOfjqBm;vde
k ;f ) ? zlju.e;f oduk ;f okif
okwf; avMomef;yOf;-qdlOf;eBU/
=Of[kyfjymifukrf wluf;vlif;vBjqfgyefj
uFebf eFejf eMuefvOld uf Ofb? =rfj+rf;uefuw
F bf
tcule;f rlid ;f tvjeMjvdeo
f i. q
f rk ;f q.r;f uef/
vdOl af oeefU nefoudk ;f rmefjrdybf iFe;f _wku;f

qOfjomifbvlb Hsang Lu

qBm;vlif

,.e;f wrf;ide
l jf cB_acMje.ibf OBU 9-10 acMj
qdOl ;f eefU wif;o.iq
f rk ;f nrfbqmifj,.r;f [yfU
[Aw;f q.r;f vBj? oduk ;f rmefjawwku;f ,.e;f _rdybf
nD;urfue
d ;f xFijf wdu;f wdu;f auMj awnrfb[yf/h
ayM;ZBmboduk ;f rmefj,.ebf ,mef; ,.r;f [yfah cMj
e.ifbo.ifqkrf; 4-5 acMjtwU aw,.rf;[yfU
vFufjvBmjqdkOfj [Awf;wyfUyfgUvFefvdef wmrf
vuf;umef/
OBm;zljerf;qefUokif 3 qOfj y.ujf xdik f
cdkef;rldif;vM;,OfU Oef;xd 23-24_11_09
+ifUymifukrfnkyfbnlOf;oyf;vFif;uef wDjiOfj
ikef; rldif;vM;? r.ufbyM;zlju.ef;okduf;wif;
wyfUqkr;f cOfj=rfj/ ymifurk cf e
l Uf wlubf cde
k ;f acMj
ugmrf; nefzlju.ef;omrfwdlif;odkuf; q.rfodkuf;
rde;f n.ibf vBmb vmwfjwDjuAi;f wkif Oef;xd 7_
11_09 uAObf vlpjf wmif;[efeOld q
f rk ;f udw
k ;f oduk ;f

Sai Long aka


Htein Lin

Photo : Harn (SHAN)

qmOfq
h il ;f wmif;

Photo : SHAN

Photo : SHAN

zljerf;OMUwif;rdil ;f vM;c.ejf vdw


l jf refjuFebf vdOl uf Ofb

1U qkr;f udw
k ;f oduk ;f rD;wlOn
f rfbrD;=Of 2U qkr;f
,dy;f u.ijf umifbq.r;f vFev
f e
d tf cb qdOl ;f eBU yAef
qkr;f [uf;vifze
kd Uf OBmbzmwfbn.ubf yMbwDbc.r@f
rdO@f edwUf rlid ;f rmefj CPB (yuy)? 3U vkuUf
wDjyAefqkrf;auMbumef[BmU,kifjnlef,MUuOf;
Omefjrldif;rM; 4U yAefqkrf;[Awf;umef,MjrOf;
urf/ OBm;ao[yfU+if;wwf;ruf;ydkefzmOfb ydlif
iOfjydik ;f rlid ;f rfbg ,OfUauMj nMb,kqrk ;f udw
k ;f oduk ;f
okwf;oAifj-eBeefU,lb/
zlju.ef;odkuf;rmifauMUvmwfj- ]nef
odkuf;rmefj,mrfjvmwfj- ayM;ylefUOef;ruf;
cmef;,OfUtwU yefcOfjauMjawcOfj nrfb
yefcOfjauMjawcOfjeMjvdef qkrf;rldif;vM;
eBeefU qmrf;wlpf;vBj,lb? [mif;awMb[mif;
wFef,lb[if;ref;? ayM;cOfcfgjtob,MUauMj
qmrf;wlpf;vBj,lb}-OMjeB/

OMUy.w;f wfjg odyk bf [mifj[Fe;f umefoukd ;f


iOf;vBm;wmif;ymifomif; vFyfj,AefoDb
edrfqdkifjaowMUrD;cmOfbOMj -wyfUodkuf;OMU
eMjvdefodkuf; 171 y.wf;wfgjeefU nrfbvBj
rBjqfv
g i. jf qkr;f oduk ;f rmefjqmifj=pf;ole;f vBj
OdlpfUoFOfbuif;? ZBmbedkifjumefodkuf;auMj [mifj
[Fef;v.ifjcdlifju.ifjumifb rmufbrdkOfjqdkef;,mrf;?
v.ijf nOfwjD ,lbyuf;yfUg ? v.ijf Zduk ;f z.eUf umef
odkuf;qdlOf;eBU/ zlju.ef;odkuf; zljrD;qefU
zlju.e;f wyfUu.iw
f yfUtzy.w;f elOd f urfjz.ijf

auMj cwf;ymufbwmufUwmufU rmefjeBU,dOk ;f rdOl jf


vfg auMjvBj? rdOk ;f clr;f eFebf ,OfU-OMjeB/
ZBmbekid jf auMj rdOl jf Oef;xd 20_11_09
uM;wli;f Zdil ;f okud ;f rmefj 15 vrf; vkuUf wmif;
wlejf wD;vwf;zmefb uMvd-uke[f id ;f vli;f ugMb
cmrf j cl i f ; wMjauMj rd l O f ; wmif ; n. u f b cl i f ; /
ule;f Omefjn.euf efOMj-wmifbrmufbu.ijf qde
k ;f
,mrf;vBmvBm yAew
f uld jf yAew
f uld jf ? wifjqfcg jgf rFef
teydlefj nrfb=rfbzMj,mif nrfbt[Unrfb

wlr;f oif - OMjeB/ ZBmbedik jf auMj rdOl jf Oef;xd


19_11_09 uM; BE 10 avMU 12 vrf;
c.ifwyfUndef@usdef@eD@,dlOf@ odkuf;rmefj
vkuUf wMjcDjvAu;f wmifbvlwUf VFuUf =Of@? x'FuUf
wdOl @f vlwUf xB cde
k jf ugMbZBmbwlu;f wMjcDjvAu;f ?
vFyjf ugMbckw;f wmif;? tr;wmif; cgmufjwmif; wwf;
wmif;rfgb ydlOfjwMbumefokduf;[kdOf eB,Ofh/

Shan Herald Agency for News

yBm;,lbvDqOfjodOl x
f e
F jf wduk v
hf jB rBjqfg
Oef;xd 15_11_09 vkujf ,di;f wif;
emif;ar;trjvkufj ugMbqfg; qOfjodlOfxFefj
wDjc.ujf crf;wD; wdil ;f tqjuFibf (quFi;f )/ qOfj
eMjwDjrmefjnekpmwfjyefcOfj,Arjf wif;
[dkif 45 rdedwfU? yBm;,lbvDref;qOfj ,lbefg;
cufUw.ejf vBjrBjqfg ,.eUf wMwduk Uf zdOl jf rde
l uf Ofb
(uMjylefUrM;rD;wmif;yAefw.rfb,AOfjufgj)/
wkuf;,.ef;{jvBj,lwf;,Mwmif;e.ufj?

u.yfjOMj 6 vdlef 1 y.ufjeefU qOfjeMjwDj


nrfbulwfbyefyBm;,lbvD/ vkufjvmif;OMj ayMj
nrfbrD;wmif;zdwf; vBjxkufbwdcifc.ufjeefU
nrfbq.rf;ydlifxrf;YwM;/
v.ifjawyB.byef qOfjodlOfxFefjtwU
qkrf;odkuf;rmefjnrfbvmwfjoif? vkufjvmif;
emif;ar;ugMb,Arjf cmOf;wmif; 7 Oef; yef=yfU
y.ufjvAOf/
Maj Gen Hso Ten

oduk ;f rmefjtwb[Aw;f edik jf ndil bf yDbwkqw


d e
hf ikd jf wyfuh i. f
ule;f rdil ;f wleaf uMUedik jf OMj- ] ef;g tqj
OAi;f rlid ;f wlee
f UB qmifjrD;yDbwkqw
d Uf 2 wyfU
u.i?f zlju.e;f wyfUawyAew
f e
d bf Ode;f ? uFrrf ef;
2 auMU usy;D uBb. tvj usauM/ rlid ;f omwfbtwU
qkr;f yDbwkqw
d Uf rD;erfvOld rf idl ;f wle}f -OMjeB/
[Fif;odkuf;rmefjedkifjwyfUu.ifrD; 200-300 ?
[Fif;yDbwkqdwfUauMj edkifjwyfUu.if awnrfb
,.rf;r.ufj 200 auMU/ twb=OfyD 2010 ugMb
yDbwkqw
d Uf cOfawvBjide
k ;f =Ofve
ld /f ule;f qrf

qfyg bD wkqw
d Uf auMUedik jf vmwfjOMj-]zlju.ef;
wyfUu.ifyDbwkqdwfUedkifjauMU (wdefbOdef;)
awvBjidkef;vdlefr.ufj 3 oFefysM;} -OMjeB/
ulef;qrfqfgodkuf;rmefjauMUedkifj auMj
vmwfjOMj-]ayM;yAefqefUzlju.ef;wyfUu.if
c.ifodkuf;rmefj vBjidkef;vdlef 180b000 ysM;/
ayM;cOfqFufbyef idkef;=Ofvdlefwef;[Aif;vBj
180b000 ysM;? idkef;=OfvdlefeMjumef vBj
180b000 eBtwU v.ifjzlju.ef;wyfUyDbwk

qdwUf cOfawvBjide
k ;f =Ofve
ld rf u. jf 300b000
ysM;eBU awrFefj,lb}- OMjeB/
eFijf umefW@D r.uUf ca'@oD@tvj umef
yluf;y.if NDD ,mrfj[Bm;imef;OMj- qkr;f oduk ;f
rmefjteeMjwdlOfj ydlOfjwMbt[UcAefe.ufjrldif;
ulpf;uMjydlifvlifref; yAefydlOfjwMbwdkuf;qkrf;
rFubf u.ijf qmOf;cdOl ;f ef;g rlid ;f ulp;f -eB,OfU/

tcbawOmif;ZifawMjuFwUf vwf;zmefbef;g qdik jf wB;


zde
k cf mOfb aOM@ox'dwuhf sLOd @f te@vf
(Wall street Journal) Oef;xd 03_11_09
ndiuf mg rf;qOfjeMjwDjZBmb[Aw;f n.ubf erfUref;
qdlOfUqmwfjtcb (CNPC - China National
Petroleum Corporation) OMj- ef;g vde
l o
f yF hf
xFrVf Old @f ylerhf M; qOfjyBm;arMcdil jf qmufj (nde@f
use
d @f eD@,dOl @f ) rlid ;f tcb ugMbwDjOAi;f oDbayMU
ule;f omOf;yBm? ydOl jf wMbulwbf xwf; oAejf wmif;
auMbomifjZifawMjerfUref; wif;awMjuFwhf
nef awvkufhZifbymifbvBmbrdlif;'cFifb vwf;
zmefbrdil ;f rmefj zMbeMjvdetf qjOAi;f oDbayMU
cdkefjvFefvdeftcb/ tcb[mifj[Fef;OBU nmef;
auMbomifj qArrf Old jf vde
l o
f yF Uf xFr@f VdOl @f yleUf
rM;? ulpf;uMj iOf;vBm;vFefvdef,kifj,mifj
10 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

tvj qdil Uf umwfjyFwjf /


qOfjeMjwDjc.r@f yeD@tW@Ol@ uljqdik jf
rlid ;f (Daewoo International) nefvjB wkOd Uf
wmif;ckwf;uFwfUtqjrldif;'cFifb vmwfjOMjzFeuf mefrbgf Omif;awMjuFwUf eBU awtwb[Aw;f
r.ufj[mifyD 2009 ? c.rf@yeD@tW@Ol@ cdkef;
cBmyeftcb/ efg;qdkifjwB; awvwf;zmefb
tqjOAi;f e.icf OA f uRuUf tr; oDbayMU vMjoAOjf
oFefOD ulwfUcBm rlbtqj qdlOf;eBU/
qdOl ;f omefcwf; cli;f umefawMjuFwchf Of
OMj- ayM;Omif;awMjuFwUf auMj v.ijf yleUf yFef
okebf vBjule;f wuf;erfrM;/ wlO,
f mifbrde
l e
f ifb
rmefjcBmuFwUf yefx;B 'weMbzBmyh v
f mB @ (Yadana Pipeline) ? ule;f rli
d ;f ef;g yde
k Uf wDj wduk Uf

vBjxkufbylefUyFefokefbvBjulef; awMbxdkif
rdlOfjvAOf/ rdlOfj[Awf;auMj vBjxkufbqfgU[Fif;vBm?
vBjxkufba[MjvdkyfjcBmUa[M=def;_[kyfj,dkwf;wDj
vdef? vBjxkufbuefUqefvlvBm cMj[FrfwBm?
ayM;auMbomifjOmif;awMjuFwfU,OfU orfUvBj
yfgU,mrf;? ayM;awMjuFwfU=Ofjy.ifb nrfbeef
rD;zljuOf;,MUqdOl ;f eBU vBjwmifbvmwfjqOfj
eMjwDjrmefj/
uAOfbuyf;clif;umefawMjuFwfUeBU ulef;
y.wf;oDbayMUauMUedkifjvmwfjOMj- rD;erfU
w.ef; wMbodkuf;rmefjulpf;? tcbawnOf
[Of;ugMb[Awf;cDjcMjtcb-OMjeB/

INDEPENDENCE

Zdifjtij

yB;. yDrbgf wB;ef;g qdik jf wB;ndubf vBmvBmwDjude


k ;f cduk Uf cFrUf vD
ymify;.B =rfqrl ;f [yfUw.ejf yDrbgf wB; 2104
qwf;[Fef;e.ufjrldif;efg;rldif;/ vBmwDjvBmymif
ude
k ;f cduk Uf vD[if;zfrg ef;/ rmifwjD twh ndie
f Old f
iOf;vBm;ao[Awf;ugMb? rmifwDjorfU wlufbcdlOf;
vdufj=rfjrBmymifvlif/
yB.;yDrfgbwB;rldif;vM;auMj udkef;wmefb
wmefb? ndie
f Old if Of;vBm;nrfboku;f nrfbvdy;f
OBm;qkrf;rldif;vM; ugMbnkyfbodkuf;rmefjrdlOfj
28_10_09 ao rdlOfjtwbref; nrfbnmifj
[Awf;aowMUorfUcdkef;nkyfbuefOMj- ayM;
nrfb[Aw;f ulOyf e
ld jf OMj- ulO,
f mefjwde
k bf omefj?
qkr;f oduk ;f rmefjauMjaw[efOMj qkr;f rlid ;f vM;
cfjg ,ky;f zmefjtvj =OfyOfjvlif qOfjqBm;vde
k ;f
qifbqdoifb{j[Awf;/ vkufje.ifUulef;odkuf;
n.efuefcwf;qfg [mifj[Fef;[dyfjeFwfjcdkify.if
cefOB;auMjcFrfUvFyfjOBU/ ymifyB.;eBU [Awf;wDj
rBU[ki;f omrfwe
l jf wmif;n.ubf ugMbrlid ;f rMU? qOfj
ckefrdefU (nMb,kqrf 80) zljerf;eMjvlif
tvj uFr=f OfyOfj qOfjomef;ydOl bf yAez
f jl eifj
qdkifj? =rfqlrf;[yfUyDrfgb+rf;wmef;wDjOwfU/
qOfjckerf e
d Uf eBU uljy.ujf yAe=f OfyOfjvlif wyfU

rdlif;,mif;? awMbxdkifymefwyfUqkrf; 768


ymefyMbwDbc.rf@rdOf@edwfUrdlif;rmefj (CPB)?
yAefwDjulef;Omefjulef;rldif;eyfUeMjxdkOfwM/
yB;. yDrbgf wB;rlbtqjerfUcrf; auMjcduk Uf ,fbg /
ymifvil af uMj [Aw;f ude
k ;f c.ejf cduk Uf cFrUf ? wDjykibf
yMbcFro
f rfU auMy.iuf mefymify;.B [Aw;f ymifwy. bf
vdujf ugmrf;=U w.ijf xmrfue
l ;f cOfj=rfjyB;. yDrbgf wB;
ugmrf;xmrf 25 acMj tcUcFibf uefnOfo;l _'mif@
Oef@? yM;ugmrf;xmrfrdlefeifb qOfjZMUwB;
f Ofjvf?g
nefee
. ;f tz;q.r;f n.ibf omef; yAeq
vdufj=rfjrBmymifvlif vlif;vBm;rdkOf; Oef;vldef
yDv?gf edik jf w.ibf rD;vBmysM; qdOl ;f eBU/ ule;f xOfj
ule;f tubcOfqrl ;f olOd ;f u.yjf [Aw;f {j ule;f ekrbf
=Ucde
k ;f yde
k ;f yde
k Uf vif wMjcDjvAu;f orfUrD;v.ijf
[BmUqMUudlwfbcdkefj/ r.ufj,mrf; 20;30 rlif;
qOfjeMjwDjrmefjcOfcjgf qAO;f [efaowAu;f qfUg
yB.b=if;ZB;rdefwdefuM,fgbtvj yB.bcdkefj 2030 OM;ulp;f cde
k ;f wlu;f ofbg okrUf wmif;cBm [Aw;f

{j,dif;cmOfUncMbauMUedkifj vBjxkufbZB;rBj?
rmwfbqAyf;vdlOf[Fif; 2 auMU-OMjeB/
yB.;yDrfgb wDjOwfUuljwOfj uAif;rBbeefU
[Fif;umefcmrfjrldif;qmOf;wB; tvjwmifbqmOf;
cdlOf;urfjz.ifj cOfj=rfjyB.;erfvlifvmif/ cdkef;
[yfUqAif Oef;xd 16_11_09 eefU rD;ulef;
cOfjyB.;nrfb,.rf;r.ufj 7b000 eufh+ifUzAif;
uAif;wkifqdkOfj,fgbvBmvBmauMU vOfbrlefjwlefj
qfg/ rD;yM;+ifjteclOf;ydkef;/ wDjyAif;vlif
tqjOAif;OAif;[FifauMj eufU+ifUzAif;qdkOfj,fgb
vkufUy.wf;+ifbugMbrlefjqfg? yAif;vlif tvj[def
wFufbtwU qOfjeMjwDjxB;qefUtqjOAif;
(uAi;f rBb_uAi;f [Bm;-OAi;f [Fi_f trjZMUvli)f cOfuMg b
yliuf mg rf;ydw
k bf ymif,uk Uf ,.ijf yef[iF ;f /
yB.;yDrfgbwB;e.ufjrldif; rdlefeifb rav@
osLdOf@? odif@uylOf@? usyef@? nif;udwfU/
nar@'dcOdl @f ? te@wlOd @f vFe@f qdOl ;f eBUauMj
[Fi;f umefcmrfjrlid ;f tvj yDje.iUf wB; wlu;f e.ujf
rlid ;f cOfj=rfjwif;erf/

xu,j.y 9wr 9uh9khd6'hy

xu,j.y 9wr 9uhd5;Hy iuHp5;b Hy 0Koyr


xu,j.y 9wr 9uh,g]Hlb\3;yH

xu,y.j9wr 9uh,5b'yrvkHixyt UAE

Shan Herald Agency for News

11

cmOfbuljv.ifjv.ifj

qkr;f uyf;omefvi. jf emif;,di;f wB;


n.ubf zde
k v
f ud jf vufv
h r. w
f p
l ;f qdik jf wB;

Photo : SWAN

s6oyjsK'yhIzkr voyl6bdyr,Koyh
gxkTm6xp
ty kT]C;xy 9
C hy

rdOl jf Oef;xd 17_11_09 qkr;f uyf;omef


v.ijf emif;,di;f wB; (SWAN) [Aw;f ymifqiF jf
cmOfb uAObf v.ijf [Aw;f n.ubf yde
k tf zjyyfU ]vufU
v.rfwlpf;qdkifjwB;} nefyAef yyfUuFrfrdkOf;
wmif;vdlufjnFOfbvAyfjrdlif;wB; 4 zMoM wB;?
f e
d w
f jD edik jf ?
xB;? rmefj? nif;udwUf wDjvFev
ulef;cOfj=rfj 30 yBm/ =OfacMjvlifefg;yyfUrD;
1U zFefwDjoyf;vFif;te n.ifjwDjefg;yyfU
2U olawugMbwmif;vfg 3U a[MqOfjZMUwB;
4U clif;omifjoMoeMykwfUx 5U oOfvuf;
wDjrBmw.if; 6U wmif;[mifjvDodifbOFwfUv.rfU
vlUvFOf 7U c.ufjcif qdlOf;eBU/
vdOl af oeefU rD;=OfacMj,Bj. ,Fr;f tvj
[mifjxBmbuduk ;f q.r;f wif;erf rde
l e
f ifb- qmifj
ugMbnFObf vBjwDjvfe
g ;gf rlid ;f wB;? oduk ;f rmefj nrfb
cfgj{julef;e.ufjrldif;[efoif? urf@qMwMa[M
crf;wB; r.wbf yde
k ;f wB;qmifj[Bm? v.ijf zAOjf rlpUf
Zdifjtijtvjydkef;? v.ifj,MUvFOf a[Mvlif
uAif;wkif? wifjqfgyB.b[mrf;- a[MvlifoDbayMU?
vkufUwDja[Mvlif yAefrM; ]+ifjtecdlifjclOf;
12 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

oMoeM} a[Mvlif,.if=pfj? a[MvlifoFefOD


wDjyuf;oOf;wyfUoduk ;f rmefj yD,mOf;cmOf;[dik ?f
ule;f rlid ;f t[UuifjclO;f c.iuf ukd ;f yde
k ;f ? a[Mau;oD;?
a[MvBm;cMj? cdkef;yluf;wifj a[Mcrf;rmefj?
[kebf [mifjckeaf [Mcrf;y,debf e.ibf OAi;f wMjcDj
vAu;f ? wlejf rBU,mif; uduk ;f qdOk jf nv.i;f z,M;?
qdOk jf eBUy.ibf oif? cli;f omifj oMoeMykwUf x?
Zmif[mifjnMbeMb? xmwfjaq@wD@iBm;rdlef
]olpbf wulibf }? [kebf [mifjYzM;qku;f OAi;f uAi;f
wkif? tr;ukrf;xmwfjaOMbuldOf? v.ifj,MUvFOf
aq@WD@ tvjOwfUOM; ef;g qdik jf wB;? wmif;
[mifjvDridl ;f wB; nefqmifjvkvOF af wMbqlOjf ?
ZBmbvifzuf;wlvlif c.ufjuAif;wkif-qdlOf;eBU/
efg;OFyfUoBmUqkrf; emif;,dif;wB; oyf;
vFi;f OMj yyfUvufUv.rw
f p
l ;f qdik jf wB;eBU ,dil ;f
nmef;ydlifvlif ydlOfjwMbydkwfbte acMjrkef;
nefulef;w.ifjwAOf;nFOfbrldif; qmOf;wmifb
qmwfj_e.ujf rlid ;f qlOd ;f nrfb,mrfj[ef ef;g qdik jf
wB;/ v.ifjqkrf;odkuf;rmefj nrfbofgbqfgedlOf
clO;f c.iuf ukd ;f yde
k ;f wB;tvj Zdijf tijwB;? teyM;

qArv
f i. jf qkr;f oduk ;f rmefjwifjqfyg e
kd Uf yBb. [mrf;_
=ufU ,MUvkue
l bf vFOf [Aw;f {jclO;f c.iuf ukd ;f yde
k ;f
wB; vkvFOfqlrf[Bmao cdkef;zmrf;vFefwFrfj
ydkef;rfgb/
qkrf;uyf;omef v.ifjemif;,dif;wB;
(SWAN) eBU auMbwifjrdlOfj 28_03_1999
wlifUedkifefg;rldif;xB;tvj q.rf;vFefvdefwB;
-xB;/ [Aw;f umefqr. ;f ef;g wlibf Oli;f ule;f tvj
q.rf;iOf;vBm;umefrldif;vFufjvBmj? clefU[MuAyf;
acMjrke;f tvjole;f wkrf ydOl jf wMb{j,di;f qBm;
rD;v.ifjzAifbyAif;tvjq.rf;xrf;YwM;/ nAef;
nmef;ydOl jf wMbwduk ;f ole;f {jrD;v.ijf okebf vBj
emif;,dif; tvjvkufjn.efb? omefcwf;v.ifj
[Awf;[BmUqMUedlOfemif;,dif;tvj vkufjn.efb?
=rfjrdkOf;[Awf;omifjv.ifjirf;,Aeftvjv.ifj
[mifbxmifjef;g wlibf Oli;f ule;f ? urfU[Fi;f emif;,di;f
wMbrD;rM;qlOjf ymefvw
D e
. ;f vdOl uf Ofb? [ufU+rf
rFwfbyFif;yfgUyM; odifbOFwfUv.rfU/

INDEPENDENCE

ymifumBg ;qle;f rdil ;f vlprf idl ;f ,mif; vBj,Awjf r.eif e


dk ;f
twbOef;xd 18-25_11_09 cmOf;
wmif; 6-7 Oef; rldif;vlpf rdlif;,mif; tvj
,mif;u.ifj 3 wDj qwf;[Awf;ymifyB.;ugBm;qlef;
([dkOf) ymiftcUuBgm;awM;q.rf;eifb Zdifjxkif;
[dwfj+B;uOfbtub nef[Awf;rM;ymefodkyfbymef
eyfUymufbyD/ Oef;ude
k ;f cduk Uf ,fbg okw;f yAeOf ef;
xd 20 tvjOef;xd 25_11_09 / ymifyB.;eBU
ef;g OAi;f rlid ;f ,mif; 11 y.uUf tvj ef;g tqjOAi;f
rldif;,mif; 4 ndlifb wMb 50 OmefjyBm (yBbyM;
OmefjedOl v
f ).B ugMbcOfj=rfjuljOmefj/ uljyDz.if;
udkef;rD;ulef;cOfj=rfj r.ufjrdkefbyBm awMb o.if
rkdefb? yDeBUvmrf;OMjrD;r.ufj 5-6 [Aifulpf;/
ymiftcUcFifbugBm;qlef;eBU uBgm;wlOfawM;
ayUydlefjoAifj qmifjvBjidkef;ol;_'mif@Oef@
900 ,gef xd 2 vBj 700 ,gef uljy.ufjqfgU
idkef;uOfbyef'mif@Oef@? ydkefUwDjeMjvdef
qdOl ;f eBUqfUg ide
k ;f uOfbtvj ide
k ;f ,getf cburfj
erf? qfgUidkef;rmefjurfjanb/
yB;. ugmB ;qle;f eBU rD;yde
k ;f uduk ;f rM;qArrf e
kd Uf

odkef;u.efb? twb[Awf;rdlif;vlpf odkyfbugMbrldif;


,mif; qifbugMbuBy. mB wDj,mif;u.ijf / twb[Aw;f wDj
rdil ;f vlpn
f e
. w
f mif;eefU ,.eUf wDjrlid ;f vlpf
rD;xrfjugBm;cOfoFif/ ulef;rldif;,krfb,rfOMjayM;nrfbvBj[Awf;yB.;ugBm;qlef; rmufbcOfjwOfj
erfUnrfbvD? ZMUZlef[FifjvFifU/
Oef;tcUcFifbugBm;awM;eefU vdlufjnOf
uBgm;cFefb_ugBm;imef efg;y.ufU,.rfb_Omefj_ndlifb
zfgref;cOfjymifugBm;qlef;/ xdkifcmOf;tcUcFifb
awM;,OfU qOfjugmB ;qkiuf mBg ;ugMbef;g ymif ,lbwmif;
+ifbwmif;qmef;ZBmbwlOfwlOf? qOfjugBm;ywfh
vOfjao nOfvOfjwduk ;f ugmB ;,OfU ole;f {juBmg ;
awM;uef? ugmB ;auMjvFejf avMbawM;uef/ nef
vmufbvBm;qrfU ugmB ;qdOl ;f vAiUf OBU wMbtcUawM;
eefU urfjerfzfgwuf;nrfbvBjcDb? ayM;cDb
qmifjumefUydlefj? vdlOfaougBm;rmwfbqAyf; yAef
vdw
l jf wlu;f ,mifwuF bf eefU nefawM;uefwmB
vlrUf nrfbvkuUf vBjqdOl ;f eBh nrfbw.erhf ;D / nef
vmufbvBm;xFijf ydil e
f ikd jf qrfU- rlid ;f wB;ywf;yde
k hf

ymifugBm;qlef; rD;y.wf;eBUwDjvAOf/
ydlOfjwMbvBj[Awf;yB.;uBgm;qlef;? {jxmifb
[mifj[Awf;vBjugmifjcgmifvDimrf;eBU ulef;Omefj
ule;f rlid ;f vBjuAy;f ide
k ;f uef 5-6 oFef ,Awjf
r.ew
f jD zlju.e;f tqjOAi;f (r,u nkuUf ux)?
vkr;f u.e;f tqjOAi;f (r,u) tvjvkr;f yvdujf ?
zlju.ef;tqjOAi;f rldif;,mif; nl;usDbrsdefU vBj
q.rfbx.if; wDjanbokwf;nrfb,.rf; 2-3
oFe/f vdOl af oeefU qOfjeMjwDjZBmbrlw;f of?g
ZBmbz.if;irf; OmefjndlifbcOforfU uAyf;idkef;
uMjv.uf;cBmwmif;cBm+yfj+yfjymifyB.; wif;rlwf;
138 v.u;f edik jf v.u;f edik jf okrUf vfg 8b00010b000 ysM;? e.ujf aoeefU edik jf Oef;orfU
uAyf;xFifjedkifj[mefUvfg 1b000 ysM;/ ymifugBm;
qle;f eBU rD;ymifvi. ;f q.r;f ? (u.yjf qOfjeMjwDj
rmefj[efcmOfbrldif;vB.n.ufbv.ifjeBUtvj xkdif
rM; 23_11_09 qdoifb[kyfjydufhyB.;uBgm;qlef;/
zlju.e;f okud ;f eMjvdeo
f rfU nrfbvBjudeif e
dk ;f
tvj qdoifbydufhyFwfj-OMjeB) eB,OfU/

ZB;rBjumwfbvlirf idl ;f vM; yAee


f rfrh Okd ;f oduk ;f rmefj
rdOl jf Oef;xd 03_11_09 wAijf cde
k ;f qBmU
3 rlif;umifefg ZB;rBjumwfbvlifrldif;vM; eMj
wmif;wlu;f ? wFO;f [mefUcBmclO;f ekijf 7-8 +ifj?
vkork ;f ugMbr.ujf 3-4 oFe,
f e
g /f qOfjeMjwDj
rlid ;f vM;cOfxwf;omifOMj- wde
k ;f yAee
f rfrh Okd ;f
odkuf;rmefj[Awf;-OMjeB/
Oef;xd 28_10_09 nefqrk ;f rlid ;f vM;?
ugMbuAi;f wkif nkybf v.ijf ,.r;f [yfv
h uf;umefrmefj?
ulpf;uMj yBbqmifjvFufjvBmjurf;vAOfwif;ydkuf;
eefh rlOd ;f +ifyh mifurk o
f yf;vFi;f te zljrD;qefh
zlju.ef;odkuf;qefUumifcOf/ urfjerfnrfbcfgj
[yfUcfgjz.rfU? xdkifwDjurfjz.ifjayM;cDcDiOfiOf?
qfgwluf;qfg=ifj? urfjz.ifjauMj wdkef;vmwfj
wFubf vFi;f OMj- [Aw;f [dOk af uMjnrfbz.rUf ? cfjg nOf
vBm;vDvBm;[BmUauMjnOf/ v.ifjZB;rBjumwfbeBU
,krbf ,rfOMjyAee
f rfUrdOk ;f oduk ;f rmefj- eB,OfU/
ulef;rmefjqdlOf;,lb[Awf;umefrldif;vM;

wif;oAifj ,mrfjrD;r.ufj 700-800 auMU?


qkrf;rldif;vM;xAwfjxwf;wdp.yf;awMUwmifb
nOfolifbugMbx.ufbclOferfUydif; qfgUy.ufjcdkef;
wmif;uAif;wkif/ ,lb 2-3 Oef; n.efuef
v.rfvFrfcOfjcdkef;rldif;vM;? ,mrf;vAOfrD;r.ufj
400-500 / ,krbf ,rfOMj-ef;g eefq
h mifjyM;
oBmvyfU_oBmq.yfbcmOfbodkuf;rmefj? wif;qldOf;
yfUg ulebf ,MUvkuOf;vFOf qdOl ;f eBUauMj cle;f cOf;
q.r;f -OMjeB/
vBm;rmefjzMbxFufbqFufbwwf; qkrf;
rlid ;f vM;ao ,.e;f oBmrBmule;f u.ijf rdOl jf Oef;xd
09_11_09 odkuf;rmefj,.ef;oBmrBmulef;_u.ifj
ule;f nMb,k 50 cde
k jf edOl f qdOl ;f awudw
k ;f vdOk jf
umefodkuf; wDjqkrf;rldif;vM;? {jolifbyef/
orfUqFufbtzqkrf;rldif;vM; yAef 3 ZBmbao
,.e;f / okud ;f rmefjqFubf nOfeMjvdeo
f vdOk ;f
cOfjyM;ef;g tqjOAi;f rlid ;f ,mif;? erfUymef; cOfj

yM;efg;tqjOAif;rldif;,.if;? rldif;vM; yAeftqj


OAif;ulpf;ref;/ u.yfjeef ydOfb[Mbrl;rldif;cmufb
,.e;f ugMboBmrBmwyfq
h rk ;f 369 ovkOd ;f ? ydObf [Mb
rl; rldif;,.if; ,.ef;oBmrBmwyfUqkrf; 911
erfUymef;? rlid ;f vM;twU Oef;xd 09_11_09
wmrfwOl z
f jl u.e;f +ifjumef G-1 ef;g vkr;f wdil ;f
odkuf;omrfqAifb (uAif;wkif) qOfjodkuf;vlif
wmef;xkwUf wAi;f yM;qkr;f qdOl ;f vkujf e.iUf 78 auMU aougMb,.ef;/
nefwmef;xkww
hf iA ;f ugMb,.e;f eBh ndif
edOl uf mg rf;q.ro
f ukd ;f t,;rse
d Uf vmwfjOBU wmif;
rlid ;f vM;auMjw.ybf OMj- yBbqmifjyef? rdOl jf vAOf
zljrD;qefUodkuf;[Of;urfjerf ,if;yBbz.rfU?
[Of;auMj,if;yBbwlOjf wef;? awvBjqfUg cmOf;
,mrf;xFijf -OMjeB/

Shan Herald Agency for News

13

L
(1) wMbcde
k ;f tr;auMbomifj v.ijf cde
k ;f
vDuefefg;qdlOfUqmwfj qdkifjrdlif;=rfjwkrfrldif;
rmefjeBh wuf;vBjclechf e
kd ;f vdujf =rfjrBmymifvil ?f
okebf vBjef;g vdujf =rfjrBmymifvil f 9 acMjeefU
wFubf vFi;f ,lb,OfU/ qmOf;cdOl ;f vDvjB cleUf cde
k ;f
vdujf =rfjrBmymifvil [f if;zf[g if;ref;? nOfacMj
udefuFefb 9 acMjnkyfbuefcdkef;? vdufj=rfjrBm
ymifvil e
f UB qmOf;cdOl ;f vrfbv.ijf vdOl yf e
ld jf ? ayM;
yFwjf vdujf =rfjrBmymifvil af uMj yef[Mneftuj
rM;wde
k ;f nrfbxdik w
f jD xdik w
f mif;/
(2) iOf;vBm;vkrfjZMUvFufjvBmjrM; ulj
rdkOfUuljOef;? umefvdlufjwifj 2010 eBUauMj
qkr;f oduk ;f rmefjawwly;f wM ule;f rdil ;f wB;[Of;
zmrf;wMe.ufjrldif;ao vFef vkrfjZMUxFifj
ulpf;? eBUauMjulef;rldif;wB;[Of;vDOlefUOMj
nefvfgvD nefvfgnrfbvD? rmefjeBU=Uaw
v.ubf idw
k ;f {jule;f rdil ;f urfUxFr,
f bl ? urfUxFruf Mg b
,OfUauMj rmefjawvBjwlOuf p
l ;f awnrfbvBj
=Ofqugf e
l ;f rlid ;f [Of;? u.yjf eeftvj cmOf;z.i;f

Photo : SSA

cleUf cde
k ;f ymifvil f

,mrf;eBU ulef;rldif;[Of; vD[ufUuefvdlOfuOfb


twUtwU/
(3) qkrf;odkuf;rmefj rdyfbnD;qkrf;udkwf;
odkuf;uljqkrf; [Awf;wyfUyfgUvFefvdefauMjvD?
[Aw;f wyfUyDbwkqw
d Uf auMjvD? wdOl Uf omifjvdOl f
Omif;cdlifj? u.yfjOMjodkuf;rmefjcOf aw,lbq.rf;
edkifjwyfUu.ifvfg 30 ? yAefodkuf;rmefjukrf;urf
yFwjf oAijf oAijf ? rmefjaw[Mwmif;zdw;f auMU
edkifj,OfUauMUedkifjao acbyFwfjqkrf;udkwf;

odkuf;cOfn.ufbyFwfj {jayM;oAifj/ acMj,dlif;


nmef;qkr;f udkwf;odkuf;eefU u.yfj,dlif;nmef;
wMbtujvdwfjumefrldif;/ oifqkrf;odkuf;rmefj
orfUwlpf;cmrfjylefUao nrfb[efwMbtuj
vdwfjwmif;umefrldif;? orfU{jtr;c.wfbz.wfj
wyfU ,lbyMjwfjg wyfUoduk ;f rmefj? oifOMj,.r;f
[yfU[Awf;q.rf;qdkif v.uf;qkuf;umefrldif;cOf
wuf;[BmyFwfj? ayM;v.uf;qkuf;umefrldif;[BmauMj
nefqkrf;udkwf;odkuf;cOfydkefzmOfbrM;OMj aw
[Aw;f ykejf wMbule;f rdil ;f ? ule;f rlid ;f urfUxFrq
f j.B
rM;cOfjerfUide
k ;f w.i;f ao vkork ;f u.w;f zmef
rM; rD;wif;erfeefU awokrf;yFwfjvBmvBm
v.ubf v.ubf / Oef;rdOl jf eBU zljn.e=f Ofqrk ;f udw
k ;f
oduk ;f cOfauMj awyAeYf wM;cmrfbvli/f cfjg Zmufb
xdik uf jl qOfjuljwlef qdOl ;f [ufUqdOl q
hf mwfjOmefj
rdlif; {jZmifUuFrf;vDvD? cfgjZmufbugmrf;Oef;yD
rfgbwB;tvjOef;rdlOfjeBU rD;eifbeB/
qOfj,.wfjokduf; (12U11U2009)

acj;cmefymuf,ugef:acj
,:djy 0C'hy m6'b y z5hvKoyjd:ory g-k
d5oyr,5b'yr9wrd5h0K;yr-5b;yrowt d5b;yr]ulk
lok voyv,yj,5boydoy ]wK05b;yt]wKx5b'y?
vb'yo5b;yz5h9w:js<dyh Jd:oyrg-k" oxyt
p,ypbxyr,oyh]dyrdKoy fuH,:dyT-giHluH/
l6ojy ]whd5ory / l6oyj]wh95;dy ;yj9Cxry 99yr
s'yrg-k/ d5h0K;yr-5b;yr d5hlklok d5hmKoyh
d5oyr 9dyr]whsxtyx5Pyh ]:'yhm6dyj,Coyh0:,yr
I9kr Justice, ]:'hy zG'jy xG'ry Equality, ]:'hy
14 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

]:9hy ]C;ry Freedom o'yjdoy voyp:,yr


sxyl
t 'G dy K'y00
.y ,6 ry d5ory o,y/ ;wTodyrdC9jy clG'ydK'y0y.06,yrd5oyrgvj?
x5oyt,kr,5b;yhdK'yxuowt -5rg,kpk]5'y0wKr
m5Pyr gdkTxGoyz5ho,yrlklok-ib9yt voy
p5jl;yr,5'b ry vg,Hib-;b5 Hy (USA) 96dry p:ory
x6'b hy vb',y kr -yh. p:ory v;y9;b6 9
ty K'yr0yT. 96;b ry
okh]bdhy d:ory g-k 9C,hy lyj. ]:'hy lklok-ib9ty
z:'yhowc]h ]wh95dyr]5'yr;khg9xoyv:dyj
o6b'yhxu]y. # x:dyh Z]5boygvHx5b;yH]y c]h

fuHlC,Hy [5;b Hy X o6'b hy x:dhy ]y. @ okh voyxo


G y
-K;yrpK,yr-6bdyTpy.j x5b;yh9kj0K;yr-ib9yt?
9:oyhowt v,yj0y.h;kh z5h9w:js<dyh,ur
gxkH]luH x5b;yh9kjdKoyl5oyr96,y]:'yhlk
lok owooyt p:oyrx:'yj]C'yrm6b'yz5hvKoyj
s;yro'yjow?
Zz5hm9yrm:'y d:ory g-kX

INDEPENDENCE

oMoeM

qOf;ab,ok yAefzl;vfG
(rBm 1)

,y.jl6'y-kh
xuho:'9
ty rw s;yr-khd,yhz:'hy p'yrg9xwj
9:oytpK,yh]whm:,yj]wh'boyr]whvKoyj ]:'yh
0;yhgpjl6c]hp'yrv,yjs^T;kh 0;yhgpjl6
xGoyIzkrs6b;yxGoyd5oyr? xGdyTl,yt;khs;yr-kh,ur
xxytpy.rs6boyz6boym,yr Zl,yj,kjd\K,yr]bdyhX
voy]K9yhcod.K,yrl:o-y ': Iy zkr0;yhgpjl6
gdkh ,K'ygdkTv,yj,urpy.rs6boyz6boym,yrc]h
v,yj]wh]5]hw vKoyj? s;yr-khxwj: lG'9
y Koyhcwh
oy.rlwK]5,yrd5hoy.glgdkh ,K'ygdkTv,yj,ur
giHfG;Hy c]h v,yj0K'yhm:,jy 0K'yh'bory ?
,5;b hy ]G;o
y tw xxydt o
: ry g-k vo6PK9yhxoy
sy>hs;yr-kh ]wh-;yhxkr9C,yhv:dyj ,:dyj]K9yh
xoyxhu o:'9
ty rw ]:'hy 0;yhgpjl6c]h s;yrckh
,5j06,yrlklok-ib0yt ,ur9K'yr-:xyh0y.py.jpy.j
o,yo,y?
0;yhgpjl6owt xGoyIzkrvoy96boyr,ur
;wTp5j9'yhc9j 0G,y,5b;yh]6,yhakT-5'yrakT
]5o
b ]
y K;y9k;oyr 95ohy ,w9
t o
5 hy f:djy ,:djy ,Kdyj
95oyhp5b;yh95oyhpkh 95;yl9yr99yr,C'yr

o5dyTo5x5xk]b'yrd5oyr dkhxGoyl9yr9'yr]5'y
p'yrxwj,urxwjxGoy glvoygl95;yglgdkT
ooytgvkh?
,oyr0;yhp'yrxGoyIzkrvoy goHi
,b9ytzKoyjx5'y-5'ylK'yh sG9yrxGoy,kr-5b'yhx5b'y
d5hl,yjlCoyx5b'y 9'yrlG'yh9'yr,59yrgvkh?
c5b'yhx5by'yvoy,Kdyj9kd5oyrs;yr95Pyrsoy]wh
95Pyrv,yjsoy]wh voyv,yj,urlwK0y.c]h
,urlwK0y.9'yrlG'yh9'yr,59yrooyTgdkh ,oyr
0;yhzKoyjx5'ysG9yrxGoy,krgvkh? d5oyrgdkh
xGoy,oyr0;yhzKoyjx5'y-5'ylK'yhsG9yrxGoy,kr
gvkh? gxkrv,yj,ur,oyr0;yh06'b y vuhl'ygdkh
g9v,yj,ur? d:xhy x5;b hy ,oyr0;yhzKoyjx5'sy 9
G ry
xGo,y krc]h dkhvoy,oyr0;yhzKoyjx5'sy 9
G ry
xGoy,kr05b;yrooyt xGoy,oyr0;yhs^,yj',yrd6,yr
d:oyrlG'yhlG'yhgvkh?
0;yhgpjl6otw v,yj0yh. d5ory voy9;b6 ry
d,yI9krd,ylboyd,ym,yrglxGoyIzkr? ,oyr
0;yh96boyrxGoyIzkroy.r-5'yrdK'ysK;y 0G,y,5b;yh
d5oyrp'yrxwj,urxwjxGoyooytgvkh?
0;yhgpjl6otw xGoIy zkr95o0
y ;yhc]h
o'yjs6;b gy 9969
b 9
ty Kw r0wh: v;ydo
5 ry syh> ]whv:djy
x5o,yt o
5 ]
ty 9
: hy ;59hy 9K'yrzb9ry 9K,yjp5rxKdyh

'iwKrgl ]whs<9yhm6b'y,5b'yrdK'ysK;y,5b'yrd9yr
pGoysK,yr-Goyooyt ,oyr0;yhp:,yr]5'yr,kr
c9jloyjgmjv;y0k9bd5oyr sxytv;y05;yh
xKoydo
5 ry v;y0;b6 hy d5ory oyr. ,5'b ry d5ory ,5;b hy x5oty
,kr xuldyhdiK9yh #Q@$ xu,5b'yrooytgvkh?
;oyrxwr: -ib0,ty K9yt voy;kh;oyr0;yhgpjl6
d5b9yj]G'ytooyt ]6,yhakTd,yjakjd5h,5b'yr,5b'yr
v:oydoysG9yrxw:roy.r]5boyfHu lC,Hy [5;b Hy #*
;oyrgvkh?
xGoy;oyrvoy0;yhgpjl6 Zd\uHl9yt
-iwKTlyX ]5'yr,kr,5b'yrd5oyr x5b;yh9kj96b9yt9wKr
0w:hv;yd5oyr-5'yrdK'y d5hgdkTd5hd5oyrgvkh?
9wrs;yr d5oyr,5b'yr9wrs;yrgdkhxkrgvkh?
]5boyokh -khs;yrg9l6bxyjg9kT9wj-wh
co ]:'yh0;yhgpjl6 p:,yrxGoy0k9bd5oyr
gl d59
b jy ]G',ty kr05;b syt ;b6 y voy;khooygt vkh?
xy.Tl6bxyjvKoyjgld,yr-kh?
sy>hIzkrxGoy0;yh xoyx:oyr,b'yh-.oypy.j
py.jo,yo,ygld,yr-kh?
oxytp,yglc]h
-5rg,kpk]5'y 0wKrm5Pyr
Z,5b'yrs^,yh96,y vg,Hib-5b;yH USAX

py.rs6boyz6boyvb'y
';yhx6'b ry ]6,hy akT E Genesis @S# ?
gdkrg]krclr E Collossians -5;Hy ]uHluHpCoHy @r@*S @) ?
gsjcYxr E Hebrew suH[5H@r#j @r@QS@$j @r$ ?
lkj]K,yjEPsalm lK,yH @Q#r#%S#) ? 5;yr, E Rome 5,Hy +r* ?
p5;yrsKoyj E John dqoyH *r#QS#@j @Qr$Qj _r%#j _r%#j @(r#)S#_j +r$_j
#Qr#_j @r@% ? vblkjp E Issaiah vb9Hy lwKHpkH )r@% ?
,K9yhcmj E Matthew ,C9ytmb;yH @r#$j @(r@(S@)j @_r#Qj #_r@_j @$r#*S#) ?
# gxj96 E Peter zuH95;b Hy @r@ ? 9b96 E Titus mwHm9yl
t y #r@$j #r@#S@$ ?
]6dkj E Luke ]6dyT-y +r#Q? ,kjd6 E Mark ,KdyT-y @r#$S#%j #r*S)j $r@@j *r(S)?

Shan Herald Agency for News

15

OMbwqldOfhzef;

-6oyokhz5bdyj-;yhp6b9yrgsk-,yr,Koyh9kh]5b;yj

,5'b ry ,Koyh p5j9yh. vb'ry d]G9hy z:'ry ',yr


@#% xu Z@_#%S@+%_X 9'yhc9j @+#Q
,kr ;kj905;b z
ty oyr,Koyh v,yjooy ;kj905;b ty
-5b;yr,Koyh ]whm6dyjp6dyTp:'yh,kr]5PyhzG'yr
d.K,yr05b;yt0K9yh pkhpk lklok ]bdyh]wKr
xwKd,y? ,5b;yhooyt ,ur,Koyhd5Pyr 96boyj95;y,kr
]:'hy dKoy,'b5 ry / d5ory ,5'b ry 05;b ry p5jloy]:w p'yr
xwj96o
b jy 95;?y 0'yj;khz:'ry @+#QS%_ ;kj9
05b;yt-5b;yr,Koyh ,urx6boytmKoyx6boyt';yh 9uhd5oyr
-5b;yr,Koyhd5Pyr? d5oyr,5b'yrloy]w:]whm6dyj
l5ory s^Pry syh> s^,hy s<,ry gdkj9'yh06'b hy ,5'b ry s^,hy
96,,y krgl9kT ;wKr0:,l
y db6 ry v:'jy lKoyrlG'hy
,6oyd.kjp;ytgdkh x5b'y';yhx6b'yr,5b'yr @+%) ]wh
m6dyj-Goyj9C,yh]b,yjzoyh sy>hxGoyx5b'y';yh
x6'b ry ,5'b ry 06'b hy ,5'b ry ]G;y (Unitary) glz6djy a'y
;kj905b;ytzoyr9K'yrdKoy ,kr0G,y,5b;yhooyt?
gxkr]K9yh9'yrl6b;yhgdkh g9]wh;kh
16 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

efg;rldif;rmefj

z5hv:oys^;y,Koyh9'yro,y v,yjsxyt]wh]dyr
dKoyzG'yjxG'yrdoy (Equality principle)
]:dyrx5b'y,5b'yrs^,yh96,y06boyh0K'yj (Federal
b jy g9p6dTy p:'hy ]dyrdKoy0'b6 hy
System) ? z5;
,5b'yrs^,yh96,yooyt -;y0bcor ]dyrdKoy06b'yh
,5b'yrs^,yh96,y voys<'yt;kh aC9yH9ciH]y
(Federalism) owt xGoydKoyzK9yjv:dyj? zy.
]K9yh]:'hy aC9Hy 9ciH]ygdkh ]whm6djy lyj.
,bdyh,wK0bcor;kh xGoyd5oyrzK9yjv:dyj? zy.
xGoyd5oyr-5b;yrloy]w:gdkh ]whm6dyjmK'yjm5b,y
5 ry zK9yjv:djy ? 9uhc9t,oyr 05;b ry
;kh xGody o
-yh. zK9yjv:djy 0:,ry lGohy 9K'yr,wK,uhgdkh,urp5j?
d5Pyrdkh d5oyrd,yho,yc9t xGoyz5hpbxyrd,y
;kj906'b hy ,5'b ry s^,hy 96,y -yh. ,5octy ,rx5'b 'y ;yhx6'b ry
@+%) ooytd5Pyr? 05b;yrpbxyrd,y;kj906b'yh
,5b'yrs^,yh96,ygdkh lKoy-9yr0;yh;kj905b;yt
zoyr-;yc]h ]whm6dyj0;yh;kj905b;ytzoyr
Z,Koyh-5b;yrpy.jX 05b;yrooytxC'yr0'yrglvur
xKdyhv:dyj? sG9yrd.kjsG9yr,kr 06,yr05b;yr0;yh
;kj905;b z
ty oyr voy0,: l
y db6 ry goj;bory v:oy
s^;]
y hw vkjokjgl 9bd,y0;yh;kj906'b hy ,5'b ry
s^,hy 96,-y ;ylj.y -:dhy / gxkrp;yp
t 'yrxwKx6o
b z
y K;yj
;kh ]whdC9jy c-06'b hy ,5'b ry s^,hy 96,y v,yjxoysh>y
9CdyjpwKh ow]5rd:oyj?

Photo : AP

Photo : website

;kj905b;ytzoyr ]whm6dyj0y.T96b;yr,kr
c]h 96bdyT0y.T96b;yrp5joy.r]wK]wK,5b'yr? ;kj9
05;b z
ty oyrowt d6'b jy xG'ry doy9'yr 0oyxt Kw rxPkj?
gxkr;kh ;kj905b;ytzoyr xGoy;kj9-;yhx5b'y
m,yrI9kr9K'yrdKoy,krgdkh sG9yrsy>h9K'yj,5j
;5'ry p:,jy (community) p5jpKxyj? ,5'b ry ,Koyh
xGoy,5b'yrx69ytm l:oysy>hsdyTd5oyr c]hsdyT
l9yr? d5Pry dkh v,yjgxkr]K9yh]:'hy 05;b l
ty Kw
'5o
b hy -5;b ry ?

Racism

oK'yr0oyj9kj;boyr c]h v5rgoj;boyr


-kgxkh]6dyh

0:,l
y db6 ry goj;bory c9t 96o
b ry 06dry awKj
0;yh;kj905;b z
ty oyr,Koyhgl v;y0;b6 hy 06'b hy
,5'b ry s^,hy 96,y (union) v:dyjxC9yhoy.rs<'yhdKoy
]5'xy ': 0
y 'b6 hy ]wK9uh? ,5o
b o
y 'yj]59a
ty rw 06'b hy
,5b'yrs^,yh96,ygdkh xGoy,kr ]59ytawr,5b'yr,Koyh/
gpr'6boyr06b'yh,5b'yrs^,yh96,ygdkhxGoy,kr gpr
'6o
b ry ,5'b ry ,Koyh/ 9uhp'yrxwj]Cdhy ]wKhc9tc9t
owt ,ur06;b hy ,5'b ry d5Pry p'yrl6xb jy 0yT. 96;b ry 06'b hy
,5'b ry s^,hy 96,,y Koyhowpj5 ? xGoxy ;b5 hy 9kjzK,yr9k
d5ory ]6,yhakTd5Pyr?
zCoyj]boy9uhp5j9wr ]whm6dyj,Koyh
p69
b ry v;y,;b5 hy @**( 9'yhc9jooy,t krg9kj
m6b'y @__* ooyt ]wh0w:h,Koyh96bdyrl6bdyr,kr
d5hl6xb jy d5hxKoy? ;wKrooyt p:oxty ;b5 hy -yh. ]wh06'b hy
,5'b ry s^,hy 96,cy ]h 0'yjp6dv
ty ; o
y kh]boxy 9
: ry
s<'yj Z,5b'yrd:'y ;Koyhg,khX xGoy,krc0h,5b'yr
-K'y? -K'yl,y,t krp5'b hy 0:,ry 95;p
y K'yj,Koyhgl
xGoy0;yh;kj905b;ytzoyr-K'y mC'yhs'yr-;y?
,5boyo'yj96dyrp:oyr sy>hs^;yx;yhc0h,5b'yr-K'y
9dyr]whxGo-y K'y owooy]
t /.y sG9ry d.kjsG9ry ,kr
9wr05b;yrvoyp6dyTv;yzCoyj]boy95;yd;yj
xoyxo
b5 hy gdkh pGory xGody o
5 ry d6db ry ,5'b ry 0oyl
t ': y
d5Pry s6;b ?y
xGoy,krxK'yd6,y]5'y0K9yh06b'yh (National Convention) gdkh l6d
b ry ,KoyhxGoz
y h5
0b0,yh-6'b xy ': dy h5 doydh5 9:ohy ? 0bcor;kh9wr
xGoy0;yh;kj9zK9yjv:dyjowgl xoy9K,yj
]5Phy ]wKr0Cdjy czzCojy ]bo,y 'C jy ;kT xv5;ry
x]:'hy d5;ry dK'yt mo6 ? 05;b ry -;yd,yhz:'hy gdkh
p5b'yh,Koyhgl -y.hxGoy0;yh;kj905b;ytzoyr
s'yr-;y? c,rzu9wr pkT]C;y9wr]5Pyh dKoy
d5b9yjv:dyjxoy 0;yh;kj905b;ytzoyrv:oyj
xGody Koy0dyrczz:'ry ',yrd5Pry v,yjdkr xGoy
dKoypkT9;y]d: ry x5'b f
y Hu ,:dTy -giHluHc]h
]:dyrx5b'y06b'yh,5b'yrs^,yh96,y?
06,ry l6db ry 9Koyrl5Pjy 96o
b ry xGoy 06,ry
l6db ry 0;yh;kj905;b z
ty oyr d5h05;b -ty ;b5 ry 9dyr]wh
dkh0:,yrs<'yt0:,yrlG'yd.K,yr-;y? awKjo6b'yhgdkh
l6bxyjokhS18

INDEPENDENCE

zljn.ef=OfqldOf;vkwBmugMbbeefh
yldefj,.ifja,M;qldOfh[dkOf
gdkhp'yrg,k9C,yh?
,5boyo'yj]:'yh 0:,yl6bdyr v:'yjlKoyr
{gxkhoK'yrv:'yjlKoyrl6d\uj} gdkh ]6dyho:'yt
0,y0y. gdkTd.kjxw0:,yr,oyr0;yh9C,yh;wT,ur?
zy.]5vKoyj95Pyrgdkh g9s^T;khv:'yjlKoyr
xGoyd5oyr05b;yts6b;y/ ]uoxytm6b;ydkhs6b;y/ 9K'yr
pK,yh,ur05;b sty ;b6 0
y ;b5 ry owt ]u]hw s^T0:,ry xGo9
y kj
]6dyh]Koy0K'yh-w:0K'yhp5b'yh? 0'yj]wh,kr
9C,yh;wtxGoy95;ypK'yjx5b;yh9kj9wrs;yr ]u]wh
p5'b hy 0:,ry ,5;b ry okh?
v:'jy lKoyr d59
b jy 9uh;G'ry o9y,t d: Ty @$T
@#T@+@* ]whs^,yhd\xoyjgl gdkj9'yh9xyt
l6bdyr]:9yh]C;yrd:oyrg-k,Koyh (BIA) ,5;b hy
#(T@#T@+%@ 9uh,5b'yrd:dyj 9,yhs^boyr
v5r]6oyrgzj Z,K'yz;yjxGoygxkhodyTs<'yt
06;b hy pyj. loy9b ]6ory gzj s6b;yX gl ]6dty
z6o
b v
ty 'b ry d]G9hy ? ;wKrooyt -6o
b ry s^,hy doy9'yr
vb'yrd]G9yhgl 96bdyr]6bxyhd\xoyjxC9yh?
@+%) v6xyjv5;yrvb'yrd]G9yh ]whg-khd.K,yr

,oyh;kh g9]whd:ory g-koyr. -K;yrpK,yro6'b hy xu?


0'yj,kr-;yhs^,hy xK'yd,6 xy K'y]'5 y voy9rw -\K'yr
-K'y 09yrooygt l 95dry ]5'ry s^,hy s<,ry doy,;b5 hy
@#T#T@+%) ? m6b'y,kr @+T)T@+%) m6dyj
d5h-C'yj Zz5hc-T-C'yjX ,oyr 0;yhv5rglkr
l5'yjd5oyrd.kjp6b;yrc]h lG'yh,6oyd.kj _ gdkT
xkr9'yr 0;yhakT]5'y ,5b'yrx:oy 0;yh0K,yj
m6oyr?
x6o
b ry 95;o
y tw gxkr9C,hy ,5o
b o
y dw P
5 ry ,oyr
gdkhv,yjgxkr,ur9uh-w9
: hu p5'b hy ? 0'yj;kh 9CdTy
d95;yjgoj;boyr ]6dyho:'yt0,y0y.,oyr0;yh
9C,hy ;wTmC'hy o:dhy o5;b ]
y ;b5 o
y oyt 9'yro,y?
,5boyo'yjS
v:'yjlKoyrxGoyrd5oyr]K9yhl6b;yh 0G,y
]GdyT? ,5b;yhvkp6 % xuooyt ,urd5oyr,krl6b;yt
-;yhx5bdyj 9uhsKoytc,h,oyr0;yh xkhl6 ?
xkhl6;kh Jd;yl6b;yt,kr-oy,oyr (Q ?
05b;yrl5xGoyxuhxGoyo:'tyc]h g905rv;y *Q
d5Pry p;yh" ? v:'yjlKoyrv:oyj voy96bdyT

Photo : website

xuo'b6 hy p;yxt o
u 'b6 hy 05;b ry s;yr voys9
G ry
dKoy,kr0:,yrdoy lG'yh,6oyd.kj d,yrgdkTd,yr
gdkT? o:dyhgl 0w:h09yrsCoyrxoyxK'y0kT
05b'yto'yj d5oyr9'yro,ygl 9C,yh,wKd6b,yr ]5
vKoyjcoxoy x6o
b ry 95;-y ;y0;yhooyt xwj]wh
sG9yrl'y,krc]h ,ur9K'yrzb9yr0y.z:'yh?
p:o-ty ,y0;.y Tw p5j;kh ,6o'y ;yr-;y0;yh voy]hw
sG9ry lK'yhsK'yhx:',y krx6ohy 05;b 0
ty K9yh voy]u
9:'yr,wKd6b,yr;wT vbdyjxkr 9K'yrpK,yh-;y0;yh
voy ] u , 5 o y h o5 ; y - y . h p6 , y t p w K h 05 b ; y r ow t
gxkrv,yj-whcodoy v,yj9C,yhcoxoy06b'y
g9swK]wKd.kj? ;wKr,kr zy.gdkhg9v,yjs^T;kh
p:oytl'yc]h05b;yrs;yr v:oydoy-6dyr0y.]wh
-;y0;yhgl sCoyrl:,yrxoyp5jd5hxu?
p:oo
yt oy 05;hy d5ory xKoyd;yj-;y xwj]6
swK9wK0:,yrmC'yhowT s;yr]uv:oydoysk-wh0y.
]wKrx5b;yh9kj09yrxK'yv6xyjv5;yr -whcodoy
;kh -6dry 0y]
. hw ]:'hy gdkTvoy]s6 Kw 9wKd.kjooyt
05b;yts6b;y? gxkrp;ytgdkh ]u]wh,dyr,wK9C,yh;wT
xGoyz6boy/ gxkrooy0'yjx6boyrg9v,yj0K'yh
swK?
,5boyo'yj George Washington 0:,y
06'b hy vg,Hib-;b5 Hy ]6dk. j #QQ xugl9kT ,5;b hy
,oyr0;yh]GdyTxGoys6b;y/ ,5b;yhpy.j,krxGoys6b;y/
s9yrsKoy0;b5 sty ;b6 /y 96;b 9
y oy0;b5 sty ;b6 /y sdyTdKoy
z6djy l:,hy 05;b sty ;b6 /y x5o
b hy p'yr96db Ty 0K'yh-whco
doy gxkr9Koyj,5b;yh;kr,5b;yhl6boyr ,5boy96bdyT
]bxyr-urxGoyd5oyrp5j?
voyx5boyh96bdyT0K'yh-whcodoy ]:'yh
z5hv:oys^;y9'yro,yowt p:oytl'y? p:oyt,ur
dKoy9:'yhmK,ydoy -whcodoy 0G,y,5b;yh-;y
0;yh96db Ty ]6sKw 9wKd.kjxwjs6'b o
y oygt l ,dyr,wK;wT
xGoz
y o
b6 xy o
G xy xy?t s;yrgdkh]us9
G ry ooy? gxkr
ooy0'yjg9xGoz
y o
: ry ]u9kj]6dhy ]Koy]o
G y
-;y]wh?
,urd5ory okhz5db jy d5Pry 9C,hy ,wK]:'hy 9K'yr
]u-6dyr0y.]whz5hv:oys^;y-;yv,yj0y.h/ ,Koyh

v:'yjlKoyrc]h ]6dyh]K'yroK'yrg,r

Shan Herald Agency for News

17

L
]Goyhp5jsb,yrooyt;kh Jc,hs;yr]kh]uh;kh/
c,hs;yrl6b;yt;wt-oy *Q d5Pyr/ -khs^Tp5j" ow
c]h d5ory 9'yro,yvo
: dy oy-;5 ?y ;wKrx5o
b hy ,5;b ry
p;ty xkhl6 0'yjpdyr]b,yj-k]6dyh,oyrgl
G ry l'y"
;khSJ,5;b hy d;yvx6 jy -Cdjy p5j ,yr. -yh. 0b,sy 9
,oyr0wKr-6boyr9:xyj;kh J-:'yc,hs;yr -y.h]Coy
x5boyh]5r" ?
,5;b hy #(T+T@+%( ,oyr0;yh]whm6djy
p6dyTsy>hxGoy0:,yz:'yr]5'y ,5b'yr,Koyh awKj9y.h
vb'yrd]G9yh ? gxkrp;yt ,oyr0;yhgdkhs<'yt
]6dyho:'yt,oyr 9CdyTd95;yjgoj;boyr Zv,yj
0yh. gdkT]G;dy oy9'yr0:,l
y db6 ry goj;bory X ;kh
J,5b;yhowt d;y]whxGoyz5hv:oys^;y]5'yx:'y06b'yh?
,y.rl,ytxGoyz5h0w:h0,y95;yd;y (P.A. = Personal Assistant) ? p:oytooy c9jv;y
;oyrowdt k. j xuho:'a
ty Kw jd;y awKjg,rd;y 9wrgdkT
d;y c]h xuho:'a
ty Kw j,yr. awKjg,r,yr. 9wrgdkT,yr.
05b;yrooyt g9v:oydoy,krp:oyrl6oyj]wh
voyowtvoyooyt? d:xyhooy d;yl'yj;wTd,yr
]G;y? x5boyh,krp:oyl'ygdkh ,y.r9dyrv,yj]wh
xoy? sy>h-;yp:oyr0:,yr-dyT9:oyh9K'yrdKoy
(office procedure) d5Pry ? ,yr. gdkhv,yj9Kxyh
p:oyr9K'yr0w:hmC,yl'y9uhx5boyh?

;wKrooyv
t ,yjs6'b y dkrl]6ory Z]59dty 'G Xy
,oyr0;yhdw?: ]6dhy o:',ty oyr gd\kj0G'jy -9yr0y.
c,r05b;yts6b;ygdkhv,yj]whgl ]K9yh;kh g9
]whv;ydk. jc,r9K'yj9uh? 9Cddty 95;jy goj;bory
-6'b dy xyra^ory 05rd5ory s^T0dyr v;ydkr,krsxy?t
,oyr0;yhgdkhv,yjxoys'< ?ty J,yr. pkjs<'/ty d;ysT^
v5b;yh/ gxkrs;yrs<'yt pkj;khdkr @ ],yr]khS
@Q ],yrgdkhg9]wh? d5Pyrdkh ;wKrooyt g9
xGoyl'y 0:'yj,y.r;5oyt95PyrM?
-;yg9v;y9;b6 9
ty K'yr]:'hy owgt l p:ory
9yh. p:ory o5;b dy oy? xoygdkhv,yj]u v,yjxoy
gdkhv,yj]u? d;y0'yjl'yj,y.r;wt0G,yx6b'yr]5r?
,krs;yrxwdk. j?" owgl 05;ry doyx9
w K'yrd.kjmkh
v:oy9K'yr?
,5b;yhxwjzC;y]6,yrooyt ,urdkr],yro6b'yh
,krd69
b ry sb,ry -K'yh-;y? v:'jy lKoyrc9tv,yj;wKj
lwKT;wKj-.kgl l6bxyjxwd.kj? goj;boyr c9t;wKj
95Pyrsoy London Art v5rv6'yr,:'yj? {gdkT
voyv:oys^;ym5;yrokhdKoymwj';yr95'yt,5b'yr
,Koyh v:oy9K'yrl69yr?} p:oyrsy>h-6boyh-ujdkr
l5'jy 9uh]6,ry ? Jsxyst '< ry 96o
b ry v,yjp:ory l6ojy
]whl6oyxGoyl'yglx5b'y?" l,ytxGoy9wrgdkT
doy9'yrv5rx-\3;yj voys9
G ry dKoy0,: ry v:'jy

lKoyr s^T0dyr;khxGody o
5 ry l6;b hy gdkTo6'b hy c]h
0'yj]wh95dry ]5'ry -6o
b hy dkrd.kjl5'jy m6'b ]
y ,6 ry ?
gxkr]wh]5vKoyjowtp;yt oy.r0y.z5h]5j
vKoyj g9xGoys6b;y? gxkr]whm:,yjp;ytoy.r0y.
z5hm:,yjg9xGoys6b;y?
0'yj;kh ]:'hy ]5Phy -5;b ry x6o
b ry z5hv:oy
s^;y9wrs;yrd5hgdkTgdkh voy]u-whcodoy
]u]5]up5b'yh,5boyo'yjow s^T,uro,y?

,5;b hy sCory xK'y0kT-;y0;yhs6;b ty


,5;b hy sCory xK'y-x: hy -5xjy -;y0;yhs6;b ty
z:'yrpK,yr96b;yt9K'yr05b'ytooyS s;yr
gdkh]u,:dyj z5hpy.jd5oyr]5'y 05b;yr-6b9yrokh
-69
b ry ]'y-;y0;yh ,krg9kT9wj-whco syh> ]6dhy
]Koygxkr]whs^T0dyr ]:'yhdkhd:oyjx5oytgl
-6dry m5xry p5'b hy 0:,ry ?
o:dyhglowt ]:'yh9:xyj9Coyr,6oy';yr
05b;yr9uj9K'yrzG;yh9K'yr dKoy05b;yt0K9yh
x5o,ty kr g9,url'ym'C hy ?
0wKr-6boyrly. Z#Q2@@2#QQ+X

l6bxyj,krokhS16

18 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

-5b;yrowooyt ,K'yz;yjg-rxGoy oy.r,5b'yr,Koyh


,5b'yr9wrd5Pyrs6b;y? gxkr95Pyroy.r]bdyh9wr zy.
;kh95;yd;yjxGoyx69ytmzklkgdkh 9dyr]wh
sG9ry z:ory ]u]'5 l
y K,yx'b5 Sy 9kj95;dy ;yj 9kj
05b;yt-5b;yrc]h 9kjg]krd 0'yjd6b'yj;khxGoy
0K;yrx69ytm? 95Pyroy.r0k9d Z0K9yhX
**Q gdkh v,yjp:,yrgl *Q ]5b'yh xGoy]:'yh
gokj0;yhx69m
ty sKxyjd69
b dty Koy0;b5 -ty ;b5 ry ]:oty
]:o?ty oyr. ]6,hy akT x5o
b hy 0yT. d.K,yr;kh Think
globally, Act locally Z;5oytxG'yr]6,yhakT
sG9yroy.r95'yj9K'yj95;yd;yjX owooyt ,Coyh
0:,ry d.K,yrl'yjl:oxy 9
6 m
ty ;kh Love all and
Photo : Reuters

d5b9yjv:dyjxoy 06,yr0;yh;kj905b;ytzoyr
v:ojy mC'hy d:ojy ? voy0,6 ry l6db ry 9Koyrl5Pjy
-;y;kh g9x5dyrx:'y06b'yh,5b'yrs^,yh96,yowooyt
]u-hw 0y;. khS05;b ry ,ur;kj905;b z
ty oyr96o
b hy dCxhy
owt gdkj9'yh]wh06b'yh,5b'yrs^,yh96,yp5jskT ow
p5j?
9wrs;yr 05;b ry pK,yhv:o9
y 'yh06'b hy ,5'b ry
s^,hy 96,9
y rw ,krow]
t r5 / 0:'jy 0yh. 0;yh;kj905;b ty
zoyrM? v,yj,urzy.96b;yrd,y;kj905b;ytzoyr
c]h 0'yjs^,hy gdkj9'yh06'b hy ,5'b ry s^,hy 96,]
y hw ?
m6'b -y K;yrpK,yr]u]9
5 ry p:ojy ;kj905;b z
ty oyr
;kj905;b -ty ;b5 ry 96o
b hy dCxhy 05;b ry owgt l x69
b jy xKdyh
lGohy 9K'yr06'b hy ,5'b ry s^,hy 96,?y 06'b hy 9wrow]
t u
xGody ;y't ;yhx6o
b m
ty Koypj.y -:'0
y 'b6 hy ,5'b ry s^,hy 96,y
]5'y? 9kjxGoy,kr06b'yh,5b'yrs^,yh96,y]5'yowt ]u
c9j';yh,oyr9uh06'b hy 9wrd.kj?
lklokx69ytm v,yj]K9yh]:'yh05b;ty

0:,y0bdyrl6bdyr,Koyh 9Koyrl5Pyj

sundry and work for the good of ones


community ZsdyTl9yr9;kj9'yr]wKc]h

sG9yrxoyz:oyr]u05b;yt-5b;yr95;yd;yjX owooyt
d,yr]G;y?
,Kdyjv6boyh

d.K,yr9C9hy
]K9yh,5o
b Sy 9C,hy zy,. oyr/ 9K'yrp5j]:9hy 9wr
Speak universally, Write locally: The Shan path to survival
vb'o
y ;b5 sy ;^ gy -kh ]K9yh,5o
b y 9C,hy zy,. oyr gl ]5db hy skmwh: d.K,yrmwr05;b ry 0K'yhv;y0T.y 96;b ry ,5o
b dy oy0;b5 ry ooyt coTo,yrl6xb jy ,69
b hy co
z5hvKoyjs;yr,krgdkh]whl:'yxuxwK? gxkr-wh-6boyrgdkh 0G,y,5b;yh #QQ$ ,kr?
Column ]bdyhowtgdkh xGoy,kr]wK]:'yh9K'yrsG9yjz^oy,oyr?

]bdhy 9wrs;yr v,yjxGo9


y hu p:,ry sxy9
t K'yrdKoy (official) c]h d5ory 0yT. 96;b ry ]GdTy gdjgvj,K'y,kr? voy-9yr0yl
. o
: ]
y db hy 9wrxoydoy
x5b'y]G;ygl csTd'yh]bdyhx5boyhv5,yv6boyooytgdkh ,5boylujob;yt95,yr #Q s5r 05b;yto'yj 0;yhdKoyrp:9yh pK,yh;kh?
gxkr96,9
ty ;b5 ]
ty db hy gdkh 96,9
ty ;b5 xty krd.K,yr]K9yhd.K,yr0k? p:o]
ty db hy x5o
b hy d.K,yrx5o
b hy xGo9
y K'yrdKoy (official) c]h d.K,yrs;yrgdkh]whm6djy
xKdyhv:dyjoGxyr0:dyTpK'yh-kj oy.rcdhdK'yd5oyro,y?

gxkr05rv;ylKw cdro,yt (current) voyxo


G p
y j5 pK,yr]G;0
y 'b6 y ]bdhy 9wrd.K,yr9wr0K'yhswK? ]bdhy 9wrd.K,yr9wr0K'yhswKgdkh s^T-5;b ry 9wr0K'yh9wK?
p:oytooy 9dyr]whsk]wKrd5hx5b'yx5b'ygl 9'yhsxyt (defensive) lwKcdro,tyd.K,yrx5boyh]bdyhx5boyhd5Pyr,;yjdkr/ 9dyr]wh0y.T96b;yr]wKrs6dyT-;yh (offensive) 0:,ry d:ojy 0'yjg90K'yh,C9jy xC'ry 05;
b -ty ;b5 ry 9wr/ x5'b ]
y '5 ,y oyr 9wr]5'sy h>y p5jpK;yrp6o
b ry ]wh?
gxkrv;ydKoyl6bdyrdKoyl5b;y;khgdkh 9dyr]wh,ur9uh9'yh,oyh (base) voyz5h-Goy96bdyrv,yjgxT]wh? dKoy96bdyrg9kroy.rokh]boy
voyz5h-Goyd6,yrd:oyr;wtooytgdkh ],yj]:'yh? ,oyr,5boyl6bdyr,69yr (guerrilla) gl pkT0yp
. kTdKoyzh5 -Go?y d5Pry dkh x5;b hy 9kjv:'jy gxTooyct 9t
9dyr]wh]6dyTv;y9uh9'yh,oyhooytv:dyj,kr?
oyr. dkh -5;b ry 9wrs;yr9'yr]wKowt voy,ru 9uh9'yh,oyh]5'y d.K,yrx5o
b hy ]bdhy x5o
b hy v,yj0K'yh-;yhv6o
b ]
y hw ooyt ,ur,5'b ry mwrxGo9
y hu 9'yh,oyh]5'/y
,ur,5b'yr]K;yr xGoy9uh9'yh,oyhv:oyj? ,5b'yr]K;yrxGoy9uh9'yh,oyhv:oyj/ p:oytx5b;yh xGdyTl,yt;kh xGoy,5b'yrd:oyrg-k ,ur]bdyh]K;yrd.K,yr]K;yr
xGoy]bdyhd.K,yr9K'yrdKoy (official language) gl9kT gxkrdG;yjdxyrmw:hd.K,yr (vocabulary) ,kr p'yr]whx6'b hy vb'9
y 'yr,5'b ry mwr?
mC'hy x5'b o
y 'b6 hy Soyr. d.K,yr9wr]5'sy ;yr voy-;b5 ry 9wr9K'yj9uhs<';ty kh 9wr,Koyh (Burmese Shan) ooyt ,urxkrd.K,yr-5;b ry s;yr voyxo
G dy K. ,yr]K;yr
d.K,yrmwr-5ory -;yr0:,ry p5jo'yjd;yjc]hS v,yj95Pry -K;yj v,yjm:,jy -K;yjgl d6,jy ,6'b -ty o
G jy -5'v
y ;ymh:w d.K,yrs'yrd5Pry s;yrp5j,Cdry ,Cdry 06'b y ,urd.K,yrmK,y
;kh 0:'yjg9l6bxyjxGoy9wrd.kj]whs6b;y? d.K,yr9:xyj,oyr'wKh'wKhd5Pyr/ 9kjl6bxyjxGoy9wrd.kj]whowt 9dyrpKxyj?

mwh: d.K,yr,yj. s;yr sG9ry v:djy ,krowt v,yj,5o


b ]
y K;yr v,yj,5o
b m
y rw d5Pry v,yjdkr oyr. 9wr]5'sy ;yro'yjdoydP
5 ry gdkh g9v,yj-;yhv,yjx:'jy doy?
gxkrv,yj-;yhv,yjx:'yjdoygdkh 9dyrg9,urd5oyr0y.T96b;yr]GdyTgdjgvj,K'yd.kj9bdyr9bdyr? pKxyjs^b;yt]wK]wKv,yj]wh]:'yh?
c-T-C'jy doy9'yrx5o
b hy owooyt ]whx6'b hy vb'9
y hu xGov
y o
G xy o
G sy 'C ry s;yr? 9uhxGov
y o
G xy o
G sy 'C ry s;yrowt xGody K. ,yrmwr d.K,yr]K;yr voyxo
G dy K. ,yr
9K'yrdKoy (official language) ? s;yrl,ytd:'y]'yvGoysC'yr]5'y95;yd;yjgl c-T-C'yjx5boyhowt 0:'yjg9gxtM?

p:oytooyc]h 0'yj]wh,kr;K'yrzCoy ]K9yh,5boy 9C,yhzy.,oyr owtgl ]5bdyhskmw:hd.K,yrvoy9wr]5'y0K'yh0y.T96b;yr,5boy9'yrmwr]K;yr


owt v;y,krl6xb jy ,69
b hy coto,yrcoxoydoy? -Cory g9kh;5o9
ty P
5 ry g-khd.K,yrz5h9wj: s<dhy gl ]ugdkhv;y ,;ygdkhsyh> 95djy ]K9yh0b0,yhcolGohy 9K'yr
lK'yjm6dyj]5b;yooyt l5'yj,krgld,yr?
vb'yrd]G9yh
Clause
Clay
Clean
Clear
Client
Clinic
Cloak
Close
Clue
Coal

mwr




 

 
 

   


! "
# 

lG'yv:dyj
g-kTpwT:
fboyHoG;y
d]utFpG'yt
]5'ytd\C'yt
]6dyT-.K,yH
-]uHobdyj
l5b;ytFvkT-]6,yH
]5;yFv,y ]5;yFv,y
d]wT
:'ty H:w / '5;b Fty voy't ,yH
mKoyjsboy

9wr;kh]wh
g-khpwh:
]boyoG;y
dG'yh
]5'yt0C'yh
]6dyhd.K,yr
-]urobdyT
l5b;yhd6,yr]5,y]5,y
dy.h/ 0,y
s<'yhsw<r/ '5boyh',yr
mKoyjsboy

mw:h9wr2,Koyhvoy0y.Tp5j
x5dyh,kTv:oyj
,59yrly.2,59yrdG'yh
lK'yr]K'yr
tr_onf20;yhv,6
glr-Koyr2s<'hy pk

'5boyhsw<r2c9r]6oyj0kT
mKoyjsboy'5bdyh2dqdyT,ur95Pyr

L
uwfhauMj ,MbOMj[Of;cFefb
vFefbauMj ,MbOMj[Of;arM
How clever you are, dont praise youself
How expert you are, dont boast

  


 
   

pGr;f ayrJh uk,


d af wmfw,fvdk rajymeJ
urf;ayrJh ud,
k w
f wfw,fodk ruGm;eJ

d.K,yrl:oy,5b'yrx5boyh
Barons and princes style themselives The little one
To remind themselves of their dependence upon the lowly
Tao Te Ching, Chapter 39
Lao Tzu, 6 th century BC philosopher

-wjlC'z
y oyr-,yr-;y0;yh sGdhy 95;dy ;yj;kh Jz5hv:ojy ]GdTy "
x5;b hy 9kjaK'yl
t 9b9;5 dy ;yj ]:'hy ]whx6'b hy vb'o
y ;b5 0
y ;b5 ry p5j9yh. -;y0;yh
];yj06;b jy 0;yhxwKr;5odty o
: jy -ib9Ty s^;xy Kdyjxu (
xxty 9;t9
y ;b5 dy \b'ry doy $+

g-kh,wK9:'ry
9;y9
t ;b5 dy \b 'yr doy $+ ow,t oyrpK;yrc]h
]whczsG9ry xGo]
y Kw 9:ohy gllyj. ?

20 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

INDEPENDENCE

a7;vmwJhay;pm

ok@d
*G%;f ac:t,f'w
D mcifAsm;
rqv Adv
k af e0if;acwfu urBmukv
d rd n
f m+yD;[efjy rl;,pf
aq;0g;zsufqD;jywJhta=umif; jynfoltrsm;odatmif ajymcsifae
wm=umyg+yD? tckoef;a$ppftkyfpkvJ 'Dwdkif;ygbJ?
usaemfhpm oifhavsmfovdk wnf;jzwf+yD; *G%f;ac:pmrsuf
ESmay:xnfhjzpfatmif xnfhay;apcsifygw,f?
1985-86 {+yD 26 &ufae@uaygh? &efukef!ef=um;csuf
t& usKid ;f wHrk mS rl;,pfaq;0g;rD;_@d zsuq
f ;D yGv
J yk yf gw,f? rl;,pfaq;
0g; trsm;tjym;Sw
d ,fv@dk a=ujim+y;D tdref ;D csi;f a$ayguaf z:eJ@xdik ;f /
avm0fwdk@udkzdwfw,f? tay:,HrSmom bdef;xkyfawGjzef@zHk;+yD;
atmufrmS awmh *sKx
H yk af wGa&m zGjJ ymawGa&m pkv
H @dk ygb?J tJ'gawGukd
taxmuftxm;eJ@wuG aemufydkif; rSod&w,f?
tJESpfxJrSmbJ rdk;&moD oHvGifjrpfw&dyf&dyfwufaecsdef
rd;k [de;f ppfqifa&;tqifh 5 trnfcH Adv
k rf ; ode;f [efacgi;f aqmifwhJ
Armppfom;wtkyf oHviG jf rpfuadk vSe@J jzwfu;l +yD; o#r;f olyek af wG&@J
bdef;csufpufkH udkoGm;odrf;r,fqdkbJ? +yD;awmh bmqufvkyfvJ
odvm;? uGef[def;r@e,f wmaumfhtkyfpk oHvGifjrpful;wHwm; t
eD; cGeq
f ikd q
f o
kd &l @J t&ufcsuf u
Hk o
kd mG ;odr;f w,f?vufeuf}uD;awGe@J
ypfw,f?
ydik f iS u
f awmh rsu&f nfe@J rsucf u
G af ygAh sm? *sKt
H &ufcsuzf @kd
odr;f qnf;&rdw*hJ sKrH ek @f awGukd bde;f jzLqk+d yD;vkyZf gwcf if;w,f? "gwyf kH
kduf+yD; urBmudkvdrfw,f?
'Dvv
dk rd n
f mwJAh rmppfwyfukd urBmuaxmufyrHh ,fh tpm;
rzGH@z;ao;wJh wdkif;&if;om;a'oawGudk OD;pm;ay;axmufyHh oifhyg
w,f? wdik ;f &if;om;awG pmwwfaywwfjzpfvm&if/ uvdru
f uspf
uswJh ppftkyfpkywfrSmbJ? ppftkyfpkrSd&if bdef;jzLeJ@ rl;,pfaq;0g;
awGvJSdrSm r[kwfbl;?
ppftpd;k &udo
k m qufvufaxmufyahH e&ifa':vmawGbJ
_;H r,f? bmrSx;l jcm;vmrSmr[kwb
f ;l / wdik ;f &if;om;awGvx
J ikd ;f xJ
xGufajy;+rJ xGufajy;ckdv_Hae&rSmygbJ? rl;,pfaq;0g;tjrpfjywf
Si;f vif;csi&f if wdik ;f &if;om;awG trsK;d okO;f atmif 0g;rcsiw
f hJ Arm
ppftkyfpkudk zcGJzwfcsoifhygw,f? tJ'grS wdkif;jynf}uD; rl;,pf
aq;0g;uif;pifrSmjzpfygw,f? jzpfEkdif&if usaemfhpmukd t*Fvdyfvdk
bmomjyef+yD; urBmEh ikd if aH wGukd OD;aqmifaewJh ukvk;H qDukd yd@k ay;
ygvdk@ arwWm&yfcHcsifygw,fcifAsm;?

aemufqHk;taeeJ@ aemifawmf}uD;ArmtrsKd;om;trsKd;
orD;xkudkajymcsifwmu udk,fhom;udk,fha,musfm; udk,fhzcif
udk,fholi,fcsif; udk,fhcspfol&nf;pm;udk,fhnDtpfudk awG[m
xdyfoD; ppftm%mSifwpktwGuf taocHae&w,f? wdkif;&if;
om;awG tay:rw&m;wJph pfqifrx
_ J olw@kd yg0ifae&w,f qdw
k m
odoifv
h yS g+yD? tdy&f muaeEk;d oifyh g+yD? trSew
f &m;pdwf arG;oifh yg+yD?
vl t rsm;'k u Q a &muf a pr,f h t pm; tepf e mcH + yD ; ppf t m%m
Siftkyfpkuae vrf;cGJcdkif;=uyg? c|wfcHus iwfjywfaewJh trsm;
jynfol&J@b0/ trsm;GHrkef;cH ppfom;vkyfae&wJholawG&J@b0udk
oem;+yD;jyefac:=uyg? Armppfwyf tiftm;wd;k cs@J +yD; wdik ;f &if;om;
e,fajrxJ Adv
k u
f sp;kd rd;k aer,fq&kd if ArmawGajymwJh urBmra=ubl;
a[h qdkwJhpum;vdk wdkif;&if;om;awGvJ vlawGygbJqdkwm owd
csyfcsifygw,f?
av;pm;pGmjzifh
pdkif;cGefaq rd%f;wdkif;(o#rf;jynf)

tm%m&Sda&;enf;vrf;um; cufcJvS.?
odk@aomf - tm%mrS qif;ay;a&;rSm tqaygif;rsm;pGm
ydkcufcJ vGef;ownf;?
Shan Herald Agency for News

21

L
Edik if aH &;

awmifydkif; 0 tm; zJhxkwf&ef etz ud;yrf;

Photo : SHAN

0 jynfaoG;pnf;a&;wyfrawmf UWSA yuGaJ &;ESiahf wmif


ydkif; 0wyfzGJ@tm; etzppftpkd;&zJhxkwf&ef ud;pm;pnf;kH;ae
a=umif; e,fpyfowif;&yfuGufu ajymygonf?
ykyH gusif AsL[mr;a[mif; Adv
k rf ; }uD;ausmo
f u
l cufxef
rma=umw,f? atmufwkdbm 5 &ufae@u topfa&mufvmwJh
AsL[mr; Akdvfr;}uD;atmif0if;OD;u tbufbufudkt0if txGuf
vkyw
f wfw,f? a&mufa&mufcsi;f bJ qdik &f mjynfo@l ppfe@J typf&yf
wyfz@JG awGukd oGm;awG@w,f - [k rkdif;wkHa'ocHwOD; u ajym.?
OD;cGefqmOD;aqmifonfh MTA ac: rkefwdkif;wyfrawmf
yuGJ&jcif;rSm t"duta=umif;&if; 2 ckSda=umif; - (1) aemuf
az;aygufjzpfonfh xdkif;e,fpyfbuf xdkif;tpdk;&ydwfvdkufjcif;/
(2) wyfwGif;pnf;vHk;r_yuGJjcif;a=umifh jzpfonf?

xkd@a=umifh 0 jynfaoG;pnf;a&; wyfrawmfyuGJatmif


vnf; tqkyd gta=umif;tcsuaf y:rlwnfa=umif; - trSwf 171
ppfa'ojzpfwJh awmifydkif; 0 wyfzGJ@awGudkzJhxkwfEdkif&r,f/ aemuf
ausmkd;jzpfwJh wkwfe,fpyfwav#mufwkwf tpdk;&ydwfay;cdkif;
Edkif&ifawmh 0 udk etztydkifpD;Edkifr,f? yxrajcvSrf;taeeJ@
AsL[mr;tajymif;tvJvkyfaew,f - [k e,fpyfae ppfa&;
tuJcwfwOD;u oHk;oyfygonf?
trnfraz:vdkonfh awmifydkif; 0 t&mSdwOD;uvnf;
rnforl S ppfrjzpfcsiaf =umif; o#r;f oHawmfqifo
h @kd TuJo
h @dk ajymjy
.?
vGefcJhwJh 10 ESpfausmfu XmecsKyfyefqef;uae awmif
bufydkif;xdkif;e,fpyfukdveJ@csD ajcv#ifav#mufqif;vm&w,f?
tckawmh tJueG ;f um;eJ@ em&Dyikd ;f c&D;om oGm;vmEdik +f yD? b,forl S
t&ifuvkd 'kuQawG &ifrqkdifcsifawmhbl;? tJ'Dtm;enf;csufudk
etzodvkd@ ydkrdkzdtm;ay;pnf;kH;vmwmjzpfw,f - [k ajymyg
onf?
udk;uef@ta&;tcif;umv 0 ESifhetz wif;rmr_ ypfcwf
vkeD;eD;jzpfcJh&mrS ,cktcg xdkif; - jrefrme,fpyfwav#muf 0 um;
rsm; etzwyfpcef;/ *dwfjzwfoef;oGm;vmv#if tppftaq;
av#mhayghvmonfhtjyif oGm;vma&;vnf; vG,fulvma=umif;/
xdk@tjyif 0 wyfapmifh *dwfwGifvnf;jzwfoef;ccGef jyefvnf
aumufcHae+yDjzpfa=umif; - 0 wyfzGJ@ESifh eD;pyfonfh todkif;t0dkif;
u ajymygonf?

rdkif;vm;wyfzdtm;ay;cH&r_ wyfxkESifhvlxktwGif;Sif;vif;
'k-Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;&JjrifEh iS ahf wG@qH+k yD; e,fjcm;apmifw
h yftoGif
ajymif;a&;udpP zdtm;ay;cH&r_tay: rdkif;vm;acgif;aqmifrsm;u
atmufajctqifw
h yfr; wyfom;rsm;ESiv
hf x
l t
k m; Ed0k ifbm 5 &uf
txd jyefvnfiS ;f vif;oabmxm;aumuf,cl o
hJ nf[k o#r;f -xdik ;f
e,fpyfowif;&yfuu
G u
f ajymygonf?
28 &ufae@ rdkif;vm;acgif;aqmiftzGJ@ usKdif;wHkoGm;+yD;
AdkvfcsKyf&JjrifheJ@awG@qHkwJhtay: jynfolawGudk Ekd0ifbm 5 &ufu
jyefvnfiS ;f jyw,f? jynfoel @J - au'gw@kd &J@oabmxm;udk ar;jref;
w,f? - [k wkwfe,fpyfoGm;avhSdol ukefonfwOD;u ajym
onf
22 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

etzppftkyfpkxH wifjyawmif;qdkrnfh t"duta=umif;


&if;rSm e,fjcm;apmifw
h yftjzpf toGiaf jymif;&efrt
l m;jzifv
h ufcH
aomfvnf;
1? etz ppft&mSd 30 yg0ifjcif; ryvkyfao;&ef /
2? rGrf;rHppfoifwef;tm;vnf; rdkif;vm;e,fajrtwGif;
Yom yvkyf&ef/
3? etzuef@owfxm;onfhtouf 50 ausmf rdkif;vm;
t&mSdrsm; &mxl;rS &yfem;a&;udpP qkdif;iHhxm;&ef
4? rdkif;vm;wyfzGJ@ xdef;csKyfe,fajrtm;vHk; e*dktwdkif;

INDEPENDENCE
qufxm;&ef/
5? ppftkyfpk.Xmeqkdif&mtkyfcsKyfa&;,E W&m;rsm;
rdkif;vm; e,fajrtwGif;ykd@v$wfjcif;ryao;&ef/
6? rdkif;vm;wyfzGJ@. ppfa&;/tkyfcsKyfa&;zGJ@pnf;ykHrsm;tm;
e*dktwdkif;qufxm;&ef - ponfwkd@jzpfonf?
Armppfwyfuef@owfcsKyfjc,fwJhtwdkif; tukefvdkuf
vkyfr,fqdk&if rdkif;vm;wyfzGJ@ eJ@ jynfol awGudk tSifvwfvwf
ajrjrKyfvu
kd w
f meJ@ twlwb
l J - [k rdkif;vm;rS rsKd;cspf t&mSd
wOD;ua'gooHjzifhajyma=umif; trnfraz:vdkonfhtqdkygukef
onfu ajymygonf?
e,fcsi;f qufpyf=uaewJh SSA ajrmufyikd ;f / 0 eJ@ rdik ;f vm;
wdk@wpnf;wvHk;xJ woHxJawmif;qdkr_rvkyfEdkif&if/ aotwlSif
ruGm bkq
H ;kH jzwfcsurf csEikd &f if/ wzG@J +yD; wzG@J ud;k uef@vdk oGm;rSmbJ?
0 wyfzGJ@twGuf ajrmufydkif; SSA u wHwdkif;jzpfaeovkd rkdif;vm;
qdkvJ ol@&J@xGufouf0ifoufvdkbJ/ tJ'DESpfzGJ@ udk;uef@vdk xyfjzpf
&ifawmh 0 wpfzGJ@xJawmifhcH aevdk@&rSmr[kwfbl; - [k avhvm
olwOD; u okH;oyfygonf?

ud,
k fyikd ftyk fcsKyfciG fv
h v
kd m;
usaemfwdk@jzpfcsifwJh ar#mfrSef;csufu zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpk orRwEdik if x
H u
J ud,
k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKyfciG &hf 'Dru
kd &ufwpfa'o
wpfckyg? jy\emudk +idrf;csrf;wJhenf;vr;feJ@omajzSif;Edik fygw,f?
wyftiftm;oHk;bdk@rvdkygbl;?
acgi;f aqmif}uD;
wmhyef; (ac: ) ayguf,lcJsef
( 5909 ae@u AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;"gwfyHkESifhAdkvfoef;a$
"gwfyHkwdk@udkaemufcHxm;Ia[mifaumiftajcpdkuf zSD;epfwDADG
tifwmAsL;ajzqdkpOfu ajym=um;csuf)
{&m0wD 7909
UWSA/UWSP

Ek0d ifbm 3 &ufae@ noef;acgiaf usmf rdik ;f vm;r@raps;}uD;


rD;avmifr_jzpfyGm;cJh&m umvwefzdk; wkwf,GrfaiG odef;csDqHk;_H;
a=umif; usKdif;wHkowif;&yfuGufuajymygonf?
rD;avmifwm t0wftxnfwef;u qdkifcef; 7 cef; 8
cef;avmufygoGm;w,f? reuf 3 em&DavmufrSm xavmifw,f
qdkawmh vlawGtdyfarmuswJhcsdef/_d@rD;bJjzpfzdk@rsm;ygw,f [k
aps;wef;teD;aexdkifolwOD;u ajymygonf?
rD;aoG;zd/k *wfprf ;D zd/k v#ypf pfr;D zdk toH;k rsm;onfh pm;aomuf
wef;wGif pavmifjcif;r[kwfbJ/ TV / uufpufESifhrD;vHk;/ rD;acsmif;
rsm;omtoH;k yonfh t0wftxnfwef;rS rD;avmif r_pwifjzpfymG ;
onfrSm xl;jcm;a=umif; - xkd@twGuf _d@rD;omjzpfEdkifa=umif;
trnfraz:vdkonfh r@cHwOD;u TuJhokd@ ajym.?
rdkif;vm;rSmArmtvkyform; ta,muf 400-500
=um;rSmSdr,f? tJ'DxJrSm ArmppfwyftwGuf olv#KdawG/ axmuf
vSrf;a&;awGygrSmbJ/ tckrD;avmifr_u olwdk@bJ _d@wmaerSmaygh?
tvdkvdkae&if;eJ@ rD;ub,fvdkvkyf xavmifrvJ/ tJvdkrsKd;wcgrS
rjzpfz;l bl;
ueOD;urdik ;f vm;r@wGif Armjynfro
S mG ;a&muftvkyv
f yk f
ol 700 - 800 =um;cef@Sdonf? *|ef/ *sLvdkif uwnf;u rdkif;vm;
wyfzGJ@ESifh Armppfwyf=um; wif;rmr_jzpfyGm;csdef ouFmruif;ol/
Armppfwyfqufo,
G o
f wif;ay;ol[k ,lq&onfu
h sbef; tvkyf

Photo : NT

rdkif;vm;rd@aps;}uD; rD;avmif ,Grfodef;csDqHk;_H;

orm;rsm;&mcszD rf;qD;+yD; avGjrpfwmhyif;wHwm; (e,fjcm;) *dww


f iG f
oGefcscJhaomfvnf; 3-4 &ufae+yD;rkdif;vm;r@okd@ jyef0ifoGm;
a=umif; - tqdkygyk*~dKvfu ajymygonf?
xdk@twl typf&yftzGJ@rsm;tm; jynfwGif;rS apmifh=unfh
avhvmolwOD;uvnf; - atmufwdkbm 28 &uf rdkif;vm;acgif;
aqmifEiS hf 'k-Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;&Jjrifu
h sKid ;f wHYk awG@qHpk Of e,fjcm;apmifw
h yf
toGifajymif;&ef AdkvfcsKyf&JjrifhrS wbufowfzdajymcJhaomfvnf;
,ae@xufxd rdkif;vm;wyfzGJ@ emcHvkyfaqmifjcif;rSdaoma=umifh
a'owGif; r+idrfroufjzpfvmap&ef t_yftaxG;jzpfvmap&ef
etzwkd@ tuGufcsvkyfaqmifcJhjcif;omjzpfEdkifa=umif; oHk;oyfyg
onf?
Shan Herald Agency for News

23

L
ok;H oyfcsuf

typf&yf ESifh e,fjcm;apmifhwyf Adkvfr;}uD;,GufppfoHk;oyf


wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkifwyfzGJ@rsm; - typf&yfcJhwm
taysmftyg;vdkufvkyfzdk@r[kwfbl; - EdkifiHa&;jy\emudkppfa&;
enf;eJ@rajzSif;bJ EdkifiHa&;pm;yGJ0dkif;rSmaqG;aEG;Ekdifzdk@ - [k
Adkvfr;}uD;,Gufppfu ajymygonf?
trsK;d om;nDvmcH NC Y wdik ;f &if;om;vufeufuikd f tzG@J
tpnf;rsm;.wifjycsufukd ppftkyfpkacsmifxkd;xm;aoma=umifh
wdkif;&if;om; wef;wltcGifhta&;twGuf qufvufawmif;qkd
=ujcif;jzpfa=umif; o#r;f jynfjyefvnfxal xmifa&;aumifpD RCSS
OuUX/ o#rf;jynfwyfrawmf SSA awmifydkif;wyfzGJ@acgif;aqmif
Adkvfr;}uD; ,Gufppfu 1?

Photo : SSA

2?

ppftkyfpku EkdifiHa&;jy\emudk EdkifiHa&;enf;vrf;jzifh


rajzSif;bJ tcsdefqGJxm;jcif;/
trsKd;om;nDvmcHY typf&yfwkd@wifjycJhonfhta=umif;

Adkvfr;}uD; ,Gufppf

t&m tcsufvufrsm;tm;vspfvsL_I zGJ@pnf;yHk


tajccHOya'YxnfhoGif;rxm;jcif; /
3?
typf&yfwkd@tm; vufeufcs&efom twif;t=uyf
zdtm;ay;vmjcif;/
4?
vufeuftwif;t=uyfcscdkif;Ir&onhtqkH; e,fjcm;
apmifhwyfa'oumuG,fa&;wyf(jynfol@ppf)tjzpf
ajymif;ckdif;jcif; -[lI wqifh+yD;wqifh ajcvSrf;wdk; zdtm;ay;vm
cJo
h nf[k ajymqk.
d ?
olwdk@ typf&yfcJhwm q,fpkESpfcsDSd+yD? EdkifiHa&;jy\em
udk EdkifiHa&;enf;eJ@rajzSif;Edkifbl;/ wzGJ@+yD;wzGJ@ vufeufzwfcH&
wmbJw
dS ,f - [k o#rf;oHawmfqifhodk@ ajymjy.?
0 wyfzGJ@tm; e,fjcm;apmifhwyftoGifajymif;&ef etz
zdtm;ay;&m - typf&yfvmwm tESpf 20 awmifSd+yD tajymif;
tvJtwGufb,favmuftxdapmifh&rvJ - [k ppftkyfpkr=um
c%ajymqkrd t
_ ay: 0wyfz@JG uvnf; typf&yfvmwm tESpf 20
Sd+yD/ usaemfwdk@awmif;xm;wJh[m bmwckrS r&bl;/ t'ga=umifh
tESpf 100 txdvJ apmifhoifh&ifapmifh&rSmbJ -[k tcsif;csif;
ajymqdk=ua=umif; e,fpyftajcpkdufavhvmolwOD;u jyefvnf
ajymjy.?
xdk@twl ucsifvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf KIA uvnf; etz wk@d yifvpkH mcsKyftwdik ;f jyefvnftaumiftxnf az:v#if
e,f j cm;apmif h w yf t oG i f a jymif ; a&;rqd k x m;ES i f h vuf e uf
t+yD;tydik pf eG @f ckid ;f vnf; pGe@f Ekid af =umif; - ucsif owif;Xme KNG
u a&;om;.?

typf&yfrsm;tm; rl;,pfEdkifiHa&;vufeufjzifhypfzrf;rnf
toGiful;ajymif;a&;udpPjiif;qefonfh typf&yftzGJ@
tpnf;rsm;tm; - rl;,pfaq;0g;udpP tuGufqif+yD; tjywf
acsr_ef;zdk@ ArmhppfwyfrSmenf;AsL[mSd+yD;om;- [k Adkvfr;}uD;
,Gupf pfa&;om;onfh o#r;f bmomaqmif;yg;Y az: jyxm;ygonf?
aqmif;yg;yg t"du ta=umif;t&m 3 ckrSm - 1? jrefrm
ppfacgif;aqmifrsm;u tar&duefESifh &if;ESD;r_ykdrkd&Sdvmap&ef
EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;tcsKd@ [efjyvGwfay;+yD; vrf;jyajryHk 7 &yf
twdik ;f qufvufaz:aqmifrnf? 2? qef@usio
f nft
h yk pf rk sm;tm;
24 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

enf;vrf;trsK;d rsK;d Smokwo


f if Si;f vif;oGm;rnf? 3? tar&duef.
rl;,pfErdS ef if;a&;ay:vpDukd tcGiahf umif;,lI toGiu
f ;l ajymif;a&;
vufrcHonfh typf&yfwyfzGJ@rsm;tay: rl;,pfaq;0g;tr_jzifh
tuGufqifwdkufcdkufoGm;rnf - ponfwkd@yg0ifonf?
txl;ojzifah 0aSmu
f ef;eJ@ wcsK@d 0acgi;f aqmifawG tar&d
uefvcdk siw
f ehJ mrnfysupf m&if;xJygw,fav? tJ'gukd tcGiafh umif;
pmrsuEf mS 28 okd

INDEPENDENCE

rdkif;vm;xdef;csKyfe,fajroHk;ydkif;cGJ vlpm&if;ydk@&ef etz awmif;cH


Ekd0ifbmv 9 &ufae@u rkdif;vm;wyfzGJ@.qDvl;a'o
wyfr[m 369 ukd rdkif;cwfAsL[mr;uvnf;aumif;/erfhyef; a'o
wyfr[m 911 ukd rdkif;a,mif;AsL[mr;uvnf;aumif;/ rdkif;vm;
XmecsKyfukdrl usKdif;wHkppfwdkif;kH; *sD0rf; Adkvfr;}uD; oef;xGfodef;
udk,fwdkifoGm;Ivnf;aumif; e,fajrydkif;jcm;I vlolvufeuf
pm&if;awmif;cH cJhonf[kod&.?
rdkif;vm;e,fajr tpdwfpdwftr$mr$mjzpfatmif zJhcGJ+yD;
qufqHw,f? 'g Armhppfwyf&J@enf;AsL[mbJ - rdkif;vm; t&mSd
wOD;u ajymygonf?
ppftkyfpktkyfcsKyfa&;Xmeu rdkif;vm;xdef;csKyfe,fajr
wyfr[m 369 tajcpdkuf qDvl;a'otm; rdkif;,ef;r@e,ftwGif;
okd@vnf;aumif;/ wyfr[m 911 tajcpdkuferfhyef;a'otm; rdkif;
a,mif;r@e,ftwGi;f ok@d vnf;aumif; xnfo
h iG ;f xm;+yD;/ rdik ;f vm;
XmecsKyfukdrl oD;jcm;r@e,ftqifh tjzpfowfrSwfxm;ygonf?
rdkif;vm;wyfzGJ@&J@ erfhyef; eJ@ qDvl;a'ouwyfr[m 2

ckudk jynfol@ppfvkyfcdkif;xm;w,f? rdkif;vm;XmecsKyfudkawmh


e,fjcm;apmifhwyfvkyfckdif;w,f? 'gudk rdkif;vm;wyfzGJ@u tpnf;
ta0;awGvkyf+yD; qENaumuf,lw,f? b,folrSoabmrwlwJh
f ;l / t+rJwrf;typf&yftzG@J awGubJ tav#mh
twGupf m&if;ryd@k Edik b
ay;ae&wm/ Armwyfbuftav#mhay;wm wcgrS rSdzl;bl; [k
xdkif; - o#rf; - wkwfe,fpyf oGm;vmavhSdolwOD; u ajym.?
}wd*Hwdkif;*sD0rf; Adkvfr;}uD;oef;xGfodef;ESifhtzGJ@ rdkif;vm;
Ywntdyf+yD;jyefvmcJha=umif;/ yHkrSefqufqHa&;SdpOfu rdkif;vm;
aps;twGif;tvnftywfoGm;+yD;vdk&mypPnf; vufndK;xdk; ,lavh
Sdaomfvnf; ,ckwacgufwGifrl vufaqmifypPnf;vnf;r&bJ
vufcsnf;AvmjyefcJh&a=umif; tqdkygyk*~dKvfu ajymygonf?
rdkif;vm;odk@ }wd*Hppfwkdif;kH; *sD0rf;a&mufSdpOf 0 acgif;
aqmiftcsKd@vnf;a&mufSdae+yD; udk;uef@uJhodk@tjzpfrsKd; ruH&ap
&ef 0 ESifhrkdif;vm;wkd@ ESpfbufaqG;aEG; oabmwlcJh=uonf[k cdkifvHkonfhowif;&yfuGuf ajymjyygonf?

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

a':pkay;pmudk wdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;udqdk

Photo : AP

jrefrmEkdifiHtay:ta&;,lydwfqkd@wmawG kyfodrf;a&;t
wGuf AkdvfcsKyfr;}uD;oef;a$eJ@ wkdufkdufawG@qkHaqG;aEG;cGifh&zkd@
a':atmifqef;pk=unfutqkdywmukd trsKd;om;jyefvnfoifh
jrwfa&; vrf;pwpfcktjzpf wkdif;&if;om;ygwDacgif;aqmifawGu
udqkdaxmufcHvkdufygw,f?
a':atmifqef;pk=unfurf;vSrf;csufukd ppftpkd;&vufcH
yl;aygi;f r,fq&dk if jrefrmhEidk if aH &;tajctaetvm;tvm aumif;
rGev
f mzk@d Sw
d ,fv@dk jynfo@l v$waf wmfu,
dk pf m;yaumfrwD taxG

axG twGif;a&;r; OD;at;omatmifuajymygw,f?


pD;yGg;a&;ydwq
f @dk r_e@J ygwo
f ufv@dk jrefrmEkid if t
H ay: tar
&duef/ Oa&myEkdifiHawGydwfqkd@xm;wJh ay:vpDukdta=umif; y+yD;
a':atmifqef;pk=unfeJ@ etzOuUX AkdvfcsKyfr;}uD; oef;a$wkd@
awG@qkHaqG;aEG;Ekdif&if trsKd;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;qDOD;wnf
oGm;EkdifwJh vrf;a=umif;tjzpfusaemfwkd@ udqkdygw,f?
wkid ;f &if;om;eJ@ 'Dru
dk a&pDtiftm;pkawGtygt0ifEidk if w
H
um yl;aygif;aqmifGufzkd@Sdaeayr,fh ppftpkd;&u xifomjrifom
Sw
d hJ yjyifajymif;vJa&;awG rvkyb
f ;l qk&d if ta&;,lyw
d q
f @dk xm;wm
awG kyo
f rd ;f zk@d rjzpfEidk b
f ;l vk@d Zkrd ;D trsK;d om;uGe*f &uf OuUX ylusihf
Sif;xefuajymygw,f?
a':pk/ cGex
f eG ;f OD;/ OD;wifO;D wk@d tygt0if Ekid if aH &; tusO;f
om;tm;vk;H v$wyf gv@dk awmif;qdw
k ,f? awmif;qkcd suaf wtwkid ;f
wu,fvkyfvkd@Sd&if 'Drkdua&pDzufOD;wnfw,fqkdwJh jrifomxif
omSdwJhtcsuftvufjzpfw,f?'gudketzvufcHr,f vuf
rcHb;l tay:rSm rlwnfygvrd rhf ,f? usaemfw@dk awmh a':pkpum;ukd
axmufcHw,f?
ta&;,lydwfqkd@r_kyfodrf;a&;twGuf yl;aygif;aqmifGuf
zkd@qkd+yD; tqkdya&;om;xm;wJhpmukd a':atmifqef;pk=unfu
AkdvfcsKyfr;}uD;oef;a$qDay;ykd@cJhygw,f?
RFA 16 Ekd0ifbm 2009
Shan Herald Agency for News

25

usKdif;wkHa[mfeef;zdzsufcH&jcif; 18 ESpfajrmuf

Photo : SWAN

(vlrsKd;jcm;orkid ;f tarGtESpf ajrjrKyfypfonfh Akv


d o
f ef;a$ppftyk pf .
k r[mvlrsKd;}uD;0g'D pDrcH suf)

apmfbGm;p0fuGrfhua,muf tif;xvJefu 1903 Ywnf


aqmufcJhaom udef;wkefa[mfeef;onf Srf;a[mfeef;rsm; teuf
tcef@jim;xnf0gqkH;a[mfeef; wckjzpfonf? Srf;apmfbGm;rsm;tkyf
csKyf&me,fy,frsm;teuf udef;wkefjynfe,fonf t}uD;rm;qkH;
a'owpfckjzpf+yD;oHvGifjrpftaS@buf pwk&ef;rkdif wpfaomif;ESpf
axmif(12000)ausmt
f xdus,jf yef@onf? ausmufw;Hk }uD;rsm;jzifh
tdENd,ykHpHaqmufvkyfxm;aom udef;wkHa[mfeef; taqmuftOD;
onfus,fajymvSaome,fy,fwpfckvkH;. tkyfcsKyfa&;XmejzpfcJh
ouJhokd@ apmfbGm; 3 quf. r[ma'0D 6 yg;/ om;orD; 19 OD;ESifh
twlaexkdifcJhaom pHtdrfawmfvnf;jzpfcJhonf? apmfbGm;p0fuGrfh
ua,muf. ajr;awmfol tdraf S@rif;om;p0fpidk ;f vko
H nf Sr;f jynf
tpk;d &xH a[mfeef;rv$aJ jymif;ay;rD 1959 txda[mfeef;. aemuf
qkH; ykdifSifjzpfcJhonf?
1962 Akdvfae0if;OD;aqmifaom jrefrmppftpkd;& tm%m
odrf;aomtcg ppfwyfu p0fpkdif;vkHESifhtpfukdjzpfoltm; tjcm;
Srf;apmfbGm;rif;om;rsm;ESifhtwlzrf;qD;+yD; &efukeftif;pdefaxmif
YajcmufESpfwm xdef;odrf;csKyfaESmifxm;cJhonf? if;jyefv$wf
vmaomtcg udef;wkefwGifaexkdifcGifhryawmhbJ rqvppfwyf
tm%mykdifrsm;u xkda[mfeef;tm;tpkd;&tkyfcsKyfa&;kH;tjzpf
ajymif;vJtokH;ycJh=uonf?
&efuek rf w
S u
dk f u
dk t
f rde@f &S+d yD;onfaemuf 1991 Ek0d ifbm
9 &ufae@wGif a[mfeef;udpk wifzcszsuq
f ;D cJo
h nf? a'ocH oHCm
awmfrsm;ESihf r@rdr@zrsm;u arwWm&yfcaH wmif;yef+yD;jynforl sm;u
26 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

r@twGif;qef@usifuef@uGufonfh vufurf;pmapmifrsm;jzef@a0
cJh=uaomfvnf; ppftpkd;&updk;pOf;r# tav;rrlbJ if;wkd@.zcs
zsufqD;r_ukd qufvufvkyfaqmifcJhonf?
a[mfeef;rS a=urGysufusaom ausmufwkH;rsm; udef;wkef
tES@H vrf;rrsm;ay: jyef@uso
J mG ;cJo
h nf? ajcaxmufudk vl@cE<muk,
d f
. tESdrfhusqkH;tykdif;tjzpf ,lqowfrSwfaom ,Ofaus;r_t&
orkid ;f 0iftxGt
f xdyt
f aqmufttkw
H pfc.
k tykid ;f tprsm; tm;
vltrsm;wufeif;&mae&matmuf xm;Sv
d u
dk jf cif; rSm o#r;f vlrsK;d
rsm;wefz;dk xm;onfh orkid ;f tarGtESpu
f dk r[m0g'D ArmemZD ppftyk f
pku ajymifajymifwif;wif; apmfum;vkdufjcif;jzpfonf?
1994 wGif jrefrmh[w
dk ,fEiS chf &D;oGm;vma&;0ef}uD;Xmeu
a[mfeef;ae&ma[mif;wGif usKdif;wkHa[mfw,f[k trnfwGifonfh
acwfraDS [mfw,fwck pwifwnfaqmufco
hJ nf?1996 wGif t+yD;
oyfwnfaqmufcJh+yD;usyfaiG oef; 500 ukefuscJhonf? [kdw,f
twGif; wap>ajcmufonf[laom aumv[mvowif;rsm;
a=umifh [kdw,fY wnf;cko
d u
l if;rJhavhdo
S nf?
o#rf;trsKd;orD;a&;&m qufoG,fv_yfSm;aqmifGufa&;toif;
SWAN rS 2009 xkwfa0onfh
wm;jrpfxm;aomjrifuGif;rsm; tpD&ifcHpm (pmrsufESm 89) rS
jyefvnful;,laz: jyjcif;jzpfonf?
(t,f'Dwm)

INDEPENDENCE

,Ofaus;rSK

EdkifiHa&;t_yftaxG;=um; rdkif;vm;o#rf;ESpfopful;yGJusif;y
usKid ;f wHYk wbufowfzad jymcJ+h yD;aemuf rkid ;f vm;wyfz@JG ESijhf ynfol
tcsK@d us;D vef@pmpm;aecsed f rar#mv
f ifb
h J yGaJ wmfusi;f y&ef OuUX}uD;
p0fpdkif;vif;u kyfw&uf!ef=um;cJhonf[k qdk.?
o#rf;jynftESH@ r@}uD;rsm;Yusif;youJhodk@ r@e,fcGJ aus;
vuftkyfpk ESifh EdkifiH&yfjcm;wdkif;wyg;a&muf o#rf;jynfom;/ o#rf;
rsKd; EG,frsm;vnf; ESpfopful;yGJawmf usif;ycJha=umif;od&ygonf?
xdkif;EdkifiH csif;rdkifa&muf o#rf;pmay,Ofaus;r_toif; OD;
aqmifI o#r;f k;d &m,Ofaus;r_jyyGEJ iS t
hf wl ESpo
f pfu;l yGJ usi;f ycJ+h yD;
puFmyl rav;Sm;wd@k Yvnf; emrnf}uD;o#r;f tqdak wmf tcsK@d oGm;
a&muf ajzazsmfcJh=ua=umif; od&ygonf?
,ckESpfusif;ycJhaom o#rf;ESpfopful;yGJawmfrsm;teuf
rdkif;wHkr@e,f yHkygusifr@e,fcGJyGJawmfY y&dwfowfrsm;tm;o#rf;
jynfordkif;ESifh o#rf;xHk;wrf;,Ofaus;r_qdkif&mya[Vd 25 ck xkwf
ar;cJah oma=umifh trsK;d bmom,Ofaus;r_ aysmufu,
G rf mS pd;k onfh
rsKd;cspfouf}uD;rdbrsm;0rf;ajrmufyDwdjzpf=ua=umif; yGJwufy&d

Photo : Shaninform.org

Edk0ifbm 16 &ufae@usa&mufonfh 2104 ckESpf o#rf;


ESpo
f pfu;l udqykd u
JG kd Edik if aH &;t=uyftwnf;=um;rS rdik ;f vm; wyfz@JG
XmecsKyfY pnfum;pGmusif;ycJhygonf?
f si;f ycdik ;f w,f? rxifrw
S f
OuUX}uD; p0fpikd ;f vif;ud,
k w
f ikd u
bJ ESpfopful;yGJawmftawmfpnfw,f? 16 &ufae@rSm ESpfopfud
qdkyGJusif;y+yD; ewfawmfvqef; 1 &ufae@ Edk0ifbm 17 &ufae@rSm
oHCmawmfawGukd qGrf;uyftvvkyfw,f- [k a'ocHwOD;u
ajymjyygonf?

o#rf;ouU&mZf2104 ESpfopfudqdkyGJtm; rdkif;vm;r@


anmifoHk;yif ([Hk;qrfwkef@) uGif;jyif (rdkif;rbuftoGm;vrf;)Y
usif;y+yD;/ rkdif;vm;wyfzGJ@ em,u Adkvfr;}uD;cGefjrifh (touf 80
ausm)f / ESihf 'kOuUX p0fqef;ay wd@k OD;aqmif wufa&muf tzGit
hf rSm
pum;ajymonf[k yGJwufa&mufolwOD;u ajymygonf?
yGaJ wmfusi;f y&jcif;ta=umif;ESiyhf wfoufI wkwf xdik ;f
(e,fpyf)oGm;vmol ukeo
f nfwOD;u-rESpu
f wyfr[m 369 rSm
ESpfopful;yGJawmft}uD;tus,fusif;ycJhw,f? 'DESpfxyfrvkyf&if
EdkifiHa&;t=uyftwnf;=um; rdkif;vm;wyfzGJ@ Armwyfudkt&rf;
a=umufae+yDvdk@ xifjrifcH&rSmpkd;vdk@aygh? wzufuvnf; yGJawmf
usif;yjcif;tm;jzifh rdkif;vm;e,fajrrSm tajctaeaumif;vm+yD
pd;k &drpf &mrSb
d ;l qdw
k mudk jyovdu
k w
f o
hJ abmvJygr,f - [k ajym
.?
atmufwdkbm 28 &uf 'kAdkvfcsKyf}uD;&Jjrifh u rdkif;vm;
wyfzGJ@udk,fpm;vS,ftm; e,fjcm;apmifhwyf toGifajymif;&ef

Photo : MAO

befaumufo#rf;ESpfopful; ##2@@2#QQ+

erfhcrf; o#rf;ESpfopful;
owfwOD;u ajymygonf?
o#rf;jynftaS@ykdif; wmcsDvdwfr@Srf;kd;ruGif;Y usif;y
aom ESpo
f pfu;l yGw
J iG rf l pufrZ_ Hk ;dk &mvli,ftzG@J rS v$ww
f ifvu
dk f
onfh rD;ykH;ysHopfyifnd jyefusvmojzifh ,rf;wGJavmifonfh '%f
&ma=umifh 36 ESpt
f G,f tcgrsK;d orD;wpfO;D ESihf 17 ESpf tG,f trsK;d
om;wpfOD; r,fqkdifaq;kHokd@'%f&mjyif;xefonfh twGif;vlem
tjzpf ta&;ay:wifaqmifuo
k xm;&onf[k y&dwo
f wf wpfO;D
u ajymonf?

Shan Herald Agency for News

27

wdkufe,fwdkif; jynfol@ppfwpf&if;pDrHudef; etzpwif


aus;Gmtkyfpkwck jynfol@ppfwyf&if;wpf&if; pDrHudef;
taumiftxnfpwif&mwGif r@e,fwckY tenf;qH;k jynfo@l ppf
wyf&if;w&if;pwifzGJ@pnf;oGm;rnfjzpfa=umif; etz t&mSdESifh
eD;pyfonfh todkif;t0dkif;uqdkonf?
+yD;cJhwJh Ekd0ifbm 3 &uf }wd*Hwdkif; 'k-wdkif;r; Adkvfr;csKyf
a0vif; rdkif;wkHbufa&mufoGm;wmawmh jynfol@ppfwyf&if; zGJ@zdk@
t"dubJ- [k rdkif;wHk a'ocHwOD;uajymygonf?
rdik ;f wHk r@e,ftwGi;f jynfo@l ppfwyf&if;ESp&f if; xm;Edik zf ,
G f
Sda=umif;/ xdk@twl rdkif;qwfr@e,fwGifvnf; xdk@xufruSdEdkif
a=umif; qufajym.?
rdkif;qwfbufrSmawmh vm;[ljynfol@ppfwyfzGJ@ t&rf;
rsm;awmh rkdif;wkHxuf wyf&if;ydkrsm;Ekdifw,f - [k ajym.?
etz wyf&if;wpf&if;Y vufSd tiftm; 200 - 300
=um;omSdaoma=umifh jynfol@ppfwyf&if;vnf; xkd@xufrenf;
zG@J pnf;Edik zf ,
G f adS =umif;/ xd@k twl jynfo@l ppfvpmukv
d nf; ,ckEpS f
ukefpwifxkwfay;oGm;rnfjzpfa=umif;/ omrefjynfol@ppf wyf
om;wOD; vpmaiGrnfr#xw
k af y;rnfrod&aomfvnf; jynfo@l ppf
wyf&if;r;twGuf wvtenf;qHk; 3 odef;xkwfay;rnf owif;
=um;xm;a=umif; tqdkygyk*~dKvfu qufajymygonf?
wyf&if;r;tqifu
h ArmhppfwyfrmS 'k - Adv
k rf ; }uD; tqifh

xm;w,f? 'k - Adv


k rf ; }uD; wa,muf&@J vpmu 1 ode;f 8 aomif;?
&mxl;vpmeJ@ tvkyfwm0efvpmaygif;&if jynfol@ppf wyf&if;r;
wa,mufvpmusyf 3 odef;avmufjzpfEdkifygw,f - [k ajymyg
onf?
aus;Gmtkyfpkwck jynfol@ppfwyf&if;wpf&if;zGJ@pnf;a&;
ppftpkd;& ay:vpDonf 2000 jynfhESpf0ef;usifuwnf;u jzpf
a=umif;/ pifppfrmS wdik ;f &if;om;vufeufuikd w
f yfz@JG rsm;tm; acsre_ ;f
&eftwGuo
f mjzpfa=umif; NDD owif;okawoeXme rSww
f rf;Y
az: jycJhzl;onf?
rdkif;wkH/ rdkif;qwftykdif;Y jynfol@ppfwyf&if; xlaxmifzGJ@
pnf;&onfh ta=umif;&if;rSm awmifydkif; 0wyfzGJ@ ESifh awmifydkif;
SSA wkd@tm; xdk;ppfqifwdkufcdkufv#if aS@ajy;wyftjzpf toHk;
yrnfrSmrvGJjzpfa=umif; o#rf;jynfwyfrawmftodkif;t0dkif;u
vnf;ajymygonf?
etz jynfxaJ &;0ef}uD;Xme. 2004 ppfwrf;wGif rS ;f jynf
twGif; ckdifaygif; 12 ck r@e,faygif; 55 r@e,f/ r@e,fcGJ 20 / r@
74 r@/ &yfuGuf 415 ck/ aus;Gmtkyfpkaygif; 1633 pk/ aus;Gmaygif;
15421 GmSdonf[k qdk.? aus;Gmtkyfpkwdkif; jynfol@ppfwyf&if;
wckxm;rnfqykd gu Sr;f jynfwckxJ jynfo@l ppf wyf&if; 1500 &if;
xufrenf;Sdrnf[k oHk;oyfajymqdkae=u.?

pmrsuEf mS 24 rS
,l+yD; 0 udzk t
d m;ay;rSmbJ - [k Adv
k }f uD;,Gupf pfu o#r;f oHawmf
qifhodk@ajym.?
p&z !efcsKyf AdkvfcsKyf&Jjrifhu rdkif;vm;wyfzGJ@/ typf&yf
ajrmufydki;f SSA wkd@ESifhawG@pOf 0 wyfzGJ@ESifhywfoufjcif;ry&ef cifAsm;wdk@typf&yfwJhae@csif; vJrwlbl;/ e,fajrvJ
oD;jcm;pDb/J bmvd@k 0 udk t"duxm;ae&wmvJ? olw@kd u emrnf
ysufawG/ olwdk@eJ@twltqpfrygcsifeJ@ - [ktay:pD;rS zdajym
t=uyfudkifcJhao;a=umif; - qdk.?
yavmifacgi;f aqmifwOD;u - ArmjynfrmS vufeufuikd f
wyfz@JG wdik ;f rl;,pfe@J uif;wmr[kwb
f ;l / tzG@J tpnf;}uD;av rl;,pf
aq;0g;eJ@ydyk gwo
f ufavbJ? usaemfw@kd Edik if rH mS Armhwyfr awmfu
tiftm;t}uD;qHk;qdkawmholrsm;xufydkywfoufw,f - [k
ajymzl; .?

28 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

o#r;f jynfrS xdyw


f ef;ukeo
f nfwOD;uvnf; jrefrmEdik if rH mS
pD;yGg;a&;vkyfief;wdkif;/ tm%mykdifrsm;ESifhuif;onfh vkyfief;rSd
a=umif; -tedrfhqHk;vkyfief;jzpfwJh jynfhwefqmvkyfief;awmifrS
olw@kd eJ@ruif;bl;/ bmvkyif ef;rqdk wdu
k f u
dk jf zpfap/ oG,0f u
kd f jzpfap
Armppftm%mykid af wGyg0ifygwo
f ufaewmbJ - [k o#r;f oHawmf
qifhodk@ajymzl;.?
o#rf;jynfrl;,pfaq;0g; apmifh=unfhavhvma&;tzGJ@
acgi;f aqmifO;D cGepf ikd ;f u rl;,pfaq;0g;eJ@b,favmufbJ ywfouf
ywfouf etzppftkyfpk&J@vufyg;ap/ vufukdif'kwftjzpfcH&if
rD;aow,f? rdkif;qwfr@e,f - rdkif;wl;(rf;) tkyfpk ylem;udkvm;[l
jynfo@l ppfwyfz@JG u rl;,pfaq;0g;xkwv
f yk af ewmawmif cr&553
eJ@ 554 u vkHcHa&;,lapmifhaSmufay;aewmbJ [k ajymqdkoHk;
oyfjyygonf?

INDEPENDENCE

uef tqifhjrifht&mdSrsm;ESifh wk dif;&if;om;ygwD 8 zJG@ awG@qkH

Photo : AP

tar&duef vufaxmufEkdifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD; rpPwm


umhwu
f rJ b
hf v
J u
f Sr;f wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru
dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyf SNLD
rS twGif;a&;r;tzJG@0if pkdif;apmatmif/ &ckdiftrsKd;om; 'Drkdua&
pDtzJG@csKyf ANLD twGif;a&;r; OD;at;omatmif/ rGeftrsKd;om;
'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyf MNLD rS OuUEkdifxGef;odef;/ ZkdrD;trsKd;om;
uGef*&ufygwD ZNLD OuU ylusifhSif;xefpwJh wkdif;&if;om;ygwD
8 zJG@wkd@eJ@ Ekd0ifbm 4 &ufae@vnfykdif;rSmawG@qkHcJhygw,f?
wkid ;f &if;om;wzJ@G pDrmS uk,
d pf m;vS,w
f OD;om wufa&muf
cGi&hf +yD; 1 em&Dausm=f umawG@qkcH sed rf mS wkid ;f &if;om;bufu ok;H yGihf
qkid af qG;aEG;a&;jzpfajrmufa&;eJ@ 2008 zJ@G pnf;ykjH yifqifa&;ukd t"d
uwifjyw,fvdk@ Srf;tzJG@csKyf/ &ckdiftzJG@csKyfeJ@ ZkdrD;uGef *&ufygwD
wkd@u ajymygw,f?
SNLD taeeJ@ t"duwifjywmu 2008 tajccH Oya'
uaetwnfy+yD; qufvufusif;yoGm;r,fh2010 aG;aumufyGJ
[mt"duta&;}uD;wJhtcsufr[kwfbl;? wdkif;jynf wnf+idrfat;
csrf;+yD; 'Drdkua&pDvGwfvyfcGifhawG tjynfht0&zdk@qdkwmwdkif;&if;
om;awG&J@ oabmqENtppftrSefazmfxkwfcGifh&zdk@ vdktyfw,f?
wdkif;&if;om;awG&J@oabmqENeJ@ aG;aumufwif ajrmufxm;wJh
v$waf wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,af wG/ Edik if aH &;ygwt
D zG@J tpnf;u wm0efdS
yk*~dKvfawGeJ@awG@qHkaqG;aEG;rSomwdkif;&if;om; vGwfvyfcGifhawG/
w&m;r#wcGifhawG &Sdr,fqdkwmudk t"duxm; wifjycJhygw,f
vkd@ SNLD ajymcGifh&yk*~Kdvf OD;pdkif;vdwfuajym ygw,f?
tar&duefu,
kd pf m;vS,af wGe@J etzud,
k pf m;vS,f tef
t,fvf'D/ wdkif;&if;om;udk,fpm;vS,fawGawG@&muwqifh etz
tm%mydik af wGtaeeJ@ teft,fv'D/ wdik ;f &if;om;awG aqG;aEG;rS

tar&duef vufaxmufEkdifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;
rpPwmumhwfuJrfhbJvf ESifh a':pk

tusK;d Srd ,f? aG;aumufyeJG @J ywfoufv@kd taemufEikd if H wcsK@d u


2010 aG;aumufy[
JG m w&m;r#w&ifvufcrH ,fh oabm Sw
d ,f?
jynfwGif;EdkifiHa&;ygwDawGtaeeJ@ 2010 aG; aumufyGJxuf2008
zG@J pnf;yHu
k jkd yifEikd rf S wdik ;f jynftwGuf tusK;d Srd ,fqw
kd mudk aqG;aEG;
ygw,f vdk@ &ckdiftrsKd;om;'Drkd ua&pDtzJG@csKyfrS twGif;a&;r;
OD;at;omatmifu ajymygw,f?
'DtcsdefrSm vdktyfwmawG rjynfh pHkao;bl;? jynfwGif;
rSmvnf; jy\emaygi;f pHk adS eao;w,f? aG;aumufyJG Oya'qdw
k m
vJ usaemfwdk@rjrif&ao;bl; vdk@ ZkdrD;uGef*&ufygwD OuU ylusifh
Sif;xefu ajymygw,f?
tckawG@qkHr_[m wkdif;&if;om;awGbufu qENtrSef
h wGuf wk;d wufrw
_ ckv@dk Sr;f wkid ;f &if;om;
xkwaf zmfajymjycGi&hf wJt
rsm;'Dru
dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyfe@J Zkrd ;D uGe*f &ufygww
D @dk ar#mv
f ifx
h m; ayr,fh
ANLD uawmh vufawG@rSm okH;yGifhqkdifawG@qkHaqG;aEG;wmrSd
ao;wJt
h wGuf wk;d wufrt
_ vm;tvm rjrif&ao;bl;vk@d OD;at;
omatmif u ajymygw,f?
awG@qHkaqG;aEG;r_tay: tajccH+yD;ajym&&if aStvm;
tvm 'Dxuf ydak umif;vmr,fv@kd usaemfw@kd ar#mv
f ifh w,f?t&if
rpPwm*sirf 0f ufbw
f @kd / rpPwm befurD eG ;f / rpPwm *rfbm&Dtp Sw
d hJ
yk*~dKvfawGvmwkef;uqdk&if wdkif;&if;om;awG 'DvdkpHkpHkaphaph rawG@
&bl;? awG@w,fqw
kd hJ yk*Kd~ vfawGuvnf; r,fr,f&& wifjy cGirhf &bJ
awG@Hak wG@+yD; +yD;oGm;wmSw
d ,f-vdk@OD;pdkif;vdwfuajymyg w,f?
tckawG@cGiahf y;w,f/ etzvnf;vufcw
H ,f/[db
k ufu
vnf;vm+yD; tcsuftvufawG pkaqmif;w,fqdkawmh enf;enf;
awmh ar#mv
f ifch suf w
dS ,f? usaemfw@kd wifjywJh tcsut
f vufawG
tm;vHk;=unfh+yD;awmh aumif;r,fhtcsdefSdr,fvdk@awmh,lq=u
w,f- vdk@ylusifhSif;xefu ajymygw,f?
2008 zJG@pnf;ykHukd ppftpkd;&jyifqifay;r,fvkd@ ar#mfvifh
ovm;vkd@ rpPwmumhwfurfhbJvfu ar;cGef;xkwfcJh+yD; 2010 aG;
aumufyJGxuf2008 zJG@pnf;ykHuykdta&;}uD;vdk@ taotcsmavh
vmok;H oyfz@dk vdak =umif; SNLD u ajymoGm;w,fv@kd OD;pkid ;f vdwf
u ajymygw,f?
2008 zJG@pnf;ykHukd tar&dueftqihfjrifh udk,fpm;vS,f
ar;cGef;xkwfwm[m bm&nfG,fcsufeJ@ cGifhyovJqdkwmeJ@ywf
ouf+yD; t"du u tar&duefe@J qufqaH &;aumif;rGezf @kd / pD;yGm;
a&;ydwq
f @kd r_ kyo
f rd ;f zd@k ? tar&duefu 2010 aG;aumufyu
JG kd vuf
cHr,fqdk&if urBmuyg vufcHvmEdkifr,fh tajctaeSdwJhtwGuf
tJh'gudk ar#mfvifh+yD; tckvdkawG@qHkaqG;aEG;cGifhay;w,fvdk@ jrifyg
w,f - vkd@ OD;at;omatmifu ajymygw,f?
eef;crf;ua,muf (DVB 4.11.2009)
Shan Herald Agency for News

29

L
ppfa&;

KDA

jynfol@ppf 5 zGJ@ zGJ@rnf

o#rf;jynfajrmufydkif; uGwfcdkifr@e,f aumif;cg;aus;Gm


tajcpdkufOD;rxkaemfacgif;aqmifonfh ucsifumuG,fa&;wyfzGJ@
ac: KDA tm; aumif;cg;jynfo@l ppftjzpf toGiaf jymif;vJz@JG pnf;
vdkufa=umif;od&onf?
2009 {+yD 28 &ufrSpI +idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@tm;vHk; toGif
ajymif;&eftqdk yxm;cJ&h m e,fpyfa'otzG@J tpnf;rsm;u e,fjcm;
apmifw
h yfz@JG / twGi;f ydik ;f tzG@J rsm;u jynfo@l ppftjzpfz@JG pnf;zd@k etz
wdk@zdtm;ay;cJh.?
KDA rSwyfz@JG 0iftiftm; 800 ausmf pm&if;wifxm;onfh
teufrS tiftm; 400 ausmfcef@tm; aumif;cg; 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
[lI jynfol@ppf 5 zGJ@ zGJ@pnf;rnfjzpfa=umif; if;tzGJ@ESifheD;pyfol
rsm;xHrS od&onf?
wpfz@JG v#if tiftm; 90 0ef;usicf ef@SEd ikd +f yD; uset
f iftm;
rsm; tjcm;trnfzGJ@Edkifa=umif; wkwfe,fpyfppfa&;tuJcwf
OD;atmifausmfaZmu ajymonf?
pm&if;wifxm;wm 800 dSw,fvdk@od&w,f olwdk@
ay;wm uawmh 3 csK;d 1 csK;d yJay;w,f/ usew
f t
hJ iftm;awGuakd wmh
wjcm;trnfawGeJ@xyfzGJ@Edkifw,f
Edk0ifbm 14 &uf etz p&z }uD;tuJ 'k-AkdvfcsKyf}uD;
&JjrifhESifh o#rf;jynfwyfrawmf SSA-N ESifh vm;_d;Y qG;aEG;&mwGif
if;tzG@J ujynfo@l ppfz@JG pnf;&ef tiftm; 200 pm&if;wifco
hJ nf[k
qdk.?
o#r;f jynftv,fyikd ;f erfv
h ef/ umvdEiS hf ajrmufyikd ;f a$vD
csKdifh0Srf;a'o 3 ae&mwGif tiftm;tenf;i,fudkom jynfol@ppf

OD;rxkaemf
zGJ@pnf;cGifhyxm;onf[k od&onf?
a$vcD sKid 0hf rS ;f a'o[kac:aomrlq,f / erfch rf; / =uLukwf
- yefqdkif; a'orsm;wGif rlvtiftm; 130 0ef;usif dSaomfvnf;
tiftm; 30 cef@omzG@J pnf;cGihf ycJah =umif; tuJcwfw@kd uqdo
k nf?
ud;k uef@tzG@J ESiu
hf csi'f rD u
kd a&pDopfwyfrawmf NDAK
wdk@onfe,fjcm;apmifhwyftjzpf toGifajymif;vJzGJ@pnf;cJh+yD;jzpf
onf? xdEk pS zf @JG .e,fjcm; apmifw
h yfz@JG pnf;yHrk sm;udEk i_d ;f ,SOaf vhvm
ygu wpfz@JG ESiw
hf pfz@JG tcGit
hf a&;wef;wljcif;rdaS =umif; avhvmol
rsm; uqdkonf?
NDAK tiftm; 400 0ef;usifomdSaomfvnf; e,fjcm;
apmifh wyf&if; 3 &if;txd zGJ@pnf; cGifh&cJh+yD; tiftm; 800 cef@dS
udk;uef@tzGJ@rSmrl wpf&if;omzGJ@cGifh&cJhonf?
KDA onf SSA-N pmv#if tiftm;enf;aomfvnf;
jynfo@l ppf 5 zG@J txd zG@J pnf;cGi&hf aeonf? ucsi'f rD u
kd a&pDopfwyf
rawmfESifh NDAKESifh KDA wd@k onf etztvdu
k sausmaxmuf
aemufcH yxm;cH&onfh txl;vkyyf ikd cf iG &hf pD;yGm;a&;tzG@J tpnf;rsm;
tjzpfavhvmolrsm;u _jrifxm;=uonf?

tem*wfwkyf-jrefrmqufqaH &; &ifav;zG,f


etzqDu&aewJh *ufpaf wG a&eHawG aemuf+yD; vkH cHa&;t& Geopolitics t& &xm;wJh
ae&mawGudk =unfrh ,fq&dk if ,leefe,fpyfrmS jzpfw[
hJ mu eJet
J emcH&r,f? wkwrf sK;d EG,pf ak wGem
oGm;wmvJ emygapqkdwJhoabmrsKd;jyefxdef;csKyfwmawGSdw,f? tJvkdrsKd;zkH;zkH;zdzdeJ@ jyefxdef;wmSd
w,f?
tiftm;}uD;EkdifiHawG&J@upm;uGufxJrSmbJSdw,fvkd@ usaemfjrifygw,f? tar&duef eJ@
wkwf/ tmqD,HeJ@ wkwf 'DvkdEkdifiH}uD;awGu olwkd@upm;uGuf b,fvkdqufvmrvJ/ b,fvkd
vmrvJ? usaemfw@kd vJrodao;bl;? 'gayr,fh Ekid if }H uD;tcsi;f csi;f qkad wmh yG=J urf;zk@d awmhrSEd idk b
f ;l ?
u|EJ pS af umif cyf&ifajrZmyifjzpf&w,fqw
dk mvkad yg?h usaemfw@dk wkid ;f jynfbJ ajrZmyifjzpfEidk w
f ,fAs?
AdkvfrSL;}uD; cGefOuUm RFA 28/9/2009
30 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

INDEPENDENCE

0 ESifh etz qufqHa&;aemufuG,fY ydifwl ppfa&;xyfjyifqif


udk;uef@ta&;tcif;+yD;oumv 0 ESifh etz awG@qHkaqG;
aEG;jcif;rSd&mrS atmufwdkbmvrSpI jyefvnfqufqHr_yvm
cJhaomfvnf; oabmwlnDr_r&=ubJESpfbuf ppftiftm;jznfh
wif;r_ jyifqifr_rsm;vkyfvmonf[k rsufjrifrsm;u qdk.?
19 &ufae@u ppfum;}uD;awG bl'Zdk mbuf;dk eJ@ ajrxd;k
pufawGwif+yD; wmcsDvdwfuae r@taemufbuf awmifydkif; 0
xdef;csKyfe,fajrbufwufoGm;w,f - [k wmcsDvdwf vefrtdk;
*dwfapmifhrsm;ESifheD;pyfonfh 0efxrf;wOD;u ajymygonf?
awmifydkif; 0 xdef;csKyfa'obufY etzwyf jyifqifr_
yvkyfaeouJhodk@ Ekd0ifbm20 &ufuvnf; awmif}uD;rS uGef[def;
- umvdbufjzwfoef;oGm;onfh ppfvufeufud&d,mypPnf;wif
etz ppfum; 10 pD; xufrenf; oHvGiftaS@bufjcrf;okd@ul;cJh
a=umif; uGef[def; a'ocHrsufjrifwOD;u TuJhodk@ajym.?
ppfum; 15 pD;avmuf Sdw,fAsmh/ bmtrdk;tumrS rSd
bl;/ tav;tyifawGvdk@ ,lq&wJhaowWm}uD;awGtqifhqifh
wifxm;wmawG@&w,f/ Armppfom;awGu tm;vHk;vufeufcJ
,rf;awGbJ vk@d awmif uGm;vH;k xkwv
f u
dk af o;w,f
Armhwyfrawmfu ppftiftm;jznfhwif;ouJhodk@ 0 jynf
aoG;pnf;a&;wyfrawmf UWSA uvnf; yefqef;XmecsKyf.

ajrmufbuf/ taemufbuf ESifh awmifbuf 15-20 rdkiftuGm 3


buf 3 wefwiG f uwkwu
f sO;f rsm; cHwyfpcef;rsm; jyifqifw;kd cs@J jcif;/
vuf e uf c J , rf ; rsm;jznf h w if ; jcif ; S d a ea=umif ; / ppf a &;avh
usifhr_rsm;ae@pOf&ufqufSdaea=umif; wef@,ef;a'ocHwOD;u
vnf;ajymygonf?
cGJr; &if;r;tqifh 0 wyft&mSdtcsKd@qdk&if ArmwyfeJ@
wdu
k zf @kd t+rw
J rf;toifb
h /J ypfcsicf wfcsiw
f m vufawmif,m; ae+y/D
awmuf w acguf a cguf uH ; 0g;ae=uw,f a=umif ; vnf ; od&
onf ?
Edk0ifbm 14 &uf wef@,ef;r@awG@qHkyGJY AdkvfcsKyf&Jjrifhu
- touf 50 ausmf 0 t&mSdrsm; &mxl;rStem;,l&rnf[lonfh
tcsuftay: touf 60 txd tav#mhay;cJha=umif;/ odk@aomf
Edk0ifbm 22 aemufqHk;xm;I vlolvuf eufpm&if; ay;ydk@&rnfh
tcsuu
f rdk l UWSA bufrS wpHw
k &mta=umif;jyefjcif;rSad =umif;
typf&yfacgif;aqmifykdif;rS t&mSdwpfOD;uajymjy.?
rnfodk@yifqdkap 'DZifbmvaemufqHk;xm;I e,fjcm;
apmifw
h yf BGF/ a'oumuG,f a&;wyf HGF tjzpft+yD;ajymif;&
rnfjzpfa=umif; 0 wyfzGJ@tygt0iftypf&yftzGJ@tm; AdkvfcsKyf
&Jjrifhu &mZoHay;xm;onf?

usm;pOf;vJ ESihf cJa&mhxf

Adv
k o
f ef;a$ usm;pOf;vJudk
cJa&mhxrf sm;jzifrh ufv;Hk ay;aomf
tqDtai:wnfrh nfavm

Shan Herald Agency for News

31

wkwfe,fpyftiftm;}uD;wyfzGJ@rsm; etzudkpdef a c:

Photo : Harn (SHAN)

e,fjcm;apmifhwyfqdkwJhtrnfudkawmh rltm;jzifhvufcH
w,f/ tJ'gusaemfw@kd bufu tav#mah y;vdu
k w
f mbJ? olw@kd buf
u tav#mhray;bJ wqifhwdk;t=uyfudkifvm&if ysm;tHkukd 'kwfeJ@
xd;k csiv
f pJ rf;=unfah ygh- [k uH;0g;oHrsm; xGuaf y:aea=umif; rdik ;f
vm;wyfr;wOD;. pum;udk udk;um;onfh qdkpfhu ajymygonf?
yefqef; 0 XmecsKyfY Edk0ifbm 18 - 21 &ufae@txd 4
&uf=um usif;yonfh UWSA NDAA xdyfoD;tpnf;ta0; okd@
rdkif;vm;wyfzGJ@rS 'kOuUX cGefqefvl/ OuUX pdkif;vif;.om;}uD;
pdik ;f vH(k ac: ) pdik ;f xdev
f if; ESihf ppfO;D pD;csKyf avmfqef;ayg0;f wd@k wuf
a&muf=ua=umif; - od&.?

NDAA-ESS rdkif;vm;wyfzGJ@

'kOuUX cGefqefvl/ twGif;a&;rSL;


OD;rif;tdrf/ twGif;a&;rSL; 2 OD;aEGOD; (tcg0wfpHk)

0 ESihf rdik ;f vm;wyfz@JG 3 -4 &uf=umtpnf;ta0;Y rdrw


d @kd
ESpfzGJ@e,fajrudktxdrcH 0dkif;0ef;umuG,f=u&ef ydkrdkyl;aygif;aqmif
Gufjcif;jzifh ,cifuxuf aoG;pnf;nD!wfr_cdkifrma&;twGuf
oabmwl qH;k jzwfco
hJ nf[q
k .
kd ?
ArmppfwyfawG typf&yfe,fajrtwGif; e,fu|H0ifvm
&ifawmh awG@=uao;wmaygh - [kvnf; wyfr; tcsK@d ajymqdak e
=ua=umif;od&onf?
rdkif;vm; ESifh 0wyfzGJ@ t&mSdwyfr;rsm; etz wyf
tay: uH;0g;=ujcif;onf wdkif;csKyf 'k-AdkvfcsKyf}uD;rif;atmifvd_if
ajympum;udk acsyvdkaoma=umifhjzpfonf[k qdk.?
Edk0ifbm 7 &uf usKdif;wHka&mufpOf wkdif;csKyf 'kAdkvfcsKyf}uD;
rif;atmifv_difu }wd*Hppfwdkif;kH;Yajym=um;cJhonfrSm - 1? typf
&yfrsm;onf cE<mud,
k o
f mS+d yD;acgi;f rS?d 2? wkwef ,fpyftypf&yf
rsm;vnf; ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwrD S ykeu
f efcx
JG u
G o
f nfh opPmazguf
rsm;jzpfonf? 3? TvufeufudkifwyfzGJ@rsm;onf wdkif;jynfudkzcGJ
32 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

zsuq
f ;D onfh tzsut
f arSmifh t=urf;zuform; b0rSvm=uolrsm;
jzpfonf? 4? if;wk@d onf rl;,pfaq;0g;*d%
k ;f rsm;omjzpfonf? 200
8 zGJ@pnf;yHktwnfy+yD; csdefrSpItypf&yf+idrf;tzGJ@rsm; oufwrf;
vHk;0 ukefqHk;+yD[k ajymqdk.?
typf&yfawGq&kd if olw@kd rsuEf mS rajymeJ@olw@kd um;eHygwf
awmifrjrifcsifbl; - [k 'kAdkvfcsKyf}uD; rif;atmifv_dif ajymonf
ud=k um;zl;ojzifh typf&yftodik ;f t0dik ;f wk@d a'goxGucf hJ =uonf[k
od & onf ?
aoewfoH nHaewJhe,fajrudk tdk;pnfoH AHkarmif;oHjzpf
vmatmif usKyfwdk@pGrf;aqmifEdkifcJhw,f? ikd,dkoHawG=um; aysmfGif
=unfEl;wJh oDcsif;oHysH@v$ifhvmatmif pGrf;aqmifEkdifcJhw,f? r+idrf
roufjzpfaewJhe,fajrudk zGH@z;wdk;wufwJha'o jzpfvmatmif
usKyfw@dk acgi;f aqmifawG pGr;f aqmifEikd cf w
hJ ,f? usL;ausmaf &;orm;
vufatmufcH wdkif;jynfb0jyefoGm;zdk@ usKyfwdk@tjzpf rcHEdkifbl;?
toufeJ@&if;+yD; umuG,frSmbJ - [k rdkif;vm;wyfzGJ@=um;
ajymqdkae=ua=umif;vnf; od&.?
yefqef;jyef acgif;aqmifydkif;rsm;u wyfr[m (896/ 911/
369) oHk;ckrS wyfr[mr; wyf&if;r; ESifh t&mSdrsm;tm; tpnf;
ta0;ac:,l+yD; Ed0k ifbm 23-24 &ufae@Y jyefvnfaqG;aEG;zvS,f
&Jaq;wif cJh=ua=umif; od&onf?

etz a$;aumufyJG ENC


axmufcjH cif;r[kwf
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;aumifpD ENC [mrltm;jzifh ppftkyfpk
&J@ 'Drdkua&pDruswJh 2008 em;*pf tajccHOya'udk vufcHp&m
ta=umif;rSyd gb;l ? 'gayrJjh ynfwiG ;f ujynfoal wGtwGuf aG;p&m
vrf;rSdbl;/ aG;aumufyGJjzpfcJh&if tenf;qHk;awmh etz tvdk
awmf&yd gwu
D kd axmufcrH aJ y; zd@k zdtm;ay;cH&rSmjzpfw,f? wu,f
vd@k twdu
k t
f cHygwrD Scd &hJ if ppftyk pf t
k vdu
k su,
kd pf m;vS,af wGbJ
tEdkif&+yD;tm;vHk;udk vuf0g;}uD;tkyfvdkufr,fqdkwmajr}uD;vuf
cwfrvGJbJ
28909 tar&duef txufvGwfawmftrwf
*sifrf0ufrfxH ay;pmY xnfhoGif;az: jyoaom
ENC taxGaxG twGi;f a&;rSL;
a';Apfaxm. tqdk
(Kao Wao News)

INDEPENDENCE

tqdkycsuf vdkufemv#if SSA em,v$wfrnf[k etz qdk

Photo : SHAN

Edk0ifbmvv,fu aqG;aEG;yGJrSm SSA taeeJ@ ppftkyfpk


tqkdycsuftwkdif; jynfol@ppftoGifajymif;vkdufr,fqkd&if avm
avmq,f crWD;axmifrSm axmif'%f 106 ESpf uscHae&wJh SSA
ajrmufykdif;acgif;aqmif AkdvfcsKyfaqxJef@ukdv$wfay;r,fhoabm
ajymqkpd nf;k;H aewJt
h a=umif; o#r;f oHawmfqifo
h wif;pOf t,f'D
wm OD;cGefpkdif;uajymygw,f?

b,fjy\embJaqG;aEG;aqG;aEG; cifAsm;wk@d acgi;f aqmif


ukd v$wzf @dk bJajymaewm? tckcifAsm;wk@d acgi;f aqmifvw
$ zf @dk tajc
taeay;vm+yD? a'ocHXmejynfol@ppftjzpf toGifajymif;r,fqkd
&if cifAsm;wk@d acgi;f aqmifjyefvw
$ zf @dk tajctae odyaf umif;w,f
vk@d etzbufuajymw,f? jynfo@l ppftoGiaf jymif;Ekid rf ajymif;Ekid f

qkw
d t
hJ ay: vmwGx
J m;wmawG@&w,f?
touf 70 ausmf AkdvfcsKyfaqxJef@[m aS@rDaemufrD
yk*~KdvfjzpfwJhtjyif o#rf;acgif;aqmifykdif;rSmvnf; =oZmanmif;wJh
yk*K~ v
d w
f pfa,mufjzpfw,fv@dk vJajymygw,f?
AkdvfcsKyfaqxJef@[m awmfvSefa&;puwnf;u tpOf
tvmSdwJhy*k ~Kdvfwpfa,mufjzpfw,f? 1989 rSm ol OD;aqmif+yD;
typftcwf&yfpJa&;oabmwlpmcsKyfukd csKyfqkdcJhygw,f? atmuf
ajctqifhrSmom=oZmodyfranmif;awmhayr,fh aS@rDaemufrD
h &if apmf
acgi;f aqmifyidk ;f rSmawmhtrsm;}uD; =oZmScd w
hJ ,f? t&ift
bGm;tokdif;t0kdif;xJrSmvJaevmwJhcgusawmh tbufbuf
qufqHa&;rSmvnf; olu|rf;usifw,f?
wkdif;&if;om;vufeufukdifawG e,fjcm;apmifhwyfjynf
ol@ppfwyfzGJ@ toGifajymif;vkdufr,fqkd&if etzppfwyfu t&mSd
30 yg0if wJhtqdkytcsuftay: trsm;pkuvufrcHEkdifjzpfae
wmvkd@qkd ygw,f?
tcktajctaerSm SSA-N wkd@ UWSA wkd@ rkdif;vm;wyf
zG@J wd@k u etzajymwJeh ,fjcm;apmifw
h yf jynfo@l ppftoGiaf jymif;
a&;udk rlt&vufcHw,f? okd@aomf etztvkdus wyf&if;wkdif;rSm
etzt&mSd 30 yg0if&r,fqw
kd t
hJ csuf vufrcHEidk b
f ;l jzpfaew,f?
rkdif;vm;acgif;aqmifawG atmufwdkbm 28 &ufrSmaqG;aEG;w,f?
UWSA eJ@ SSA ajrmufykdif;ukdEdk0ifbm 14 &ufae@rSm awG@qkH
w,f?
aZmf0if;v_dif VOA 24/11/2009

pmrsuEf mS 39 rS
trdt&tokH;cs+yD;u ukd;uef@tm; wkdufckdufodrf;ykduf.? wkyf
ukeo
f nfypJG m;rsm; xdcu
dk ef pfem&jcif;rSm wkwt
f ay: taxrJjh rif
txDav;pm; yrlvkdufonfhtvm;jzpfonf?
ArmppfAdkvfcsKyfrsm;u xkduJhokd@wrifa*smufcsvdkufjcif;
onf w k w f t m; wu,f h a &xJ r d k ; xJ w G i f aemuf a usm"g;jzif h
axmufonfh tjzpfrsdK;ESifhwlaeonf?
udk;uef@EG,fzGm;rsm;wkwftay: emusnf;rkef;wD;=u&ef
etzpdwfuduftvkdvkdufvGef;onf[k wkwfwkd@tm; vufndK;
xdk;typfzdk@&ef wrifzefwD;ay;ovkdjzpfcJhonf?
tcsKd@ avhvmolrsm;url ArmppfAdkvfcsKyfrsm; tar&duef
ESifhtaemuftkyfpk qufqHa&;jyefaumif;apvdkI wkwfukduvef
uqefvkyfjyjcif; jzpfEdkifa=umif; okH;oyf=uonf?
xdo
k @kd jzifAh rmjynftay: wkw.
f tcef;urnfr#qw
k f

,kww
f ;dk wufajymif;vJvmrnfenf;qdo
k nfah r;cGe;f ay:vmonf?
etztay: tar&duef =oZmv$rf;rkd;vmrnfukd wkwf
upkd;&drfaomfvnf; ukd;uef@ESifh wkwfe,fpyftajcpkduf typf&yf
wyfzGJ@rsm;. ta&;udpPavmufawmh wkwfjrefrmqufqHa&;
xdyg;ysufjym;p&mrSd [ka0zefaxmufjy=uolrsm; reJvSay?
*E<mv&mZfwidk ;f tay: =uyfajy;*k%
d ;f . racsriHyr_udk ayguaf zmfw@dk
*kryvS[k qkdolrsm;Sd.?
rdrdtm%mwnf+rJa&;vdktyfcsuftwGuf rD;pif=unfhu
tuGufajymif;onfh Akdvfoef;a$tkyfpktzdk@ toufacsmifcGifh
drS dq
S o
kd nfrmS jynfwiG ;f Sd jynfov
l x
l k tiftm;pkw&yfv;Hk tay:
vkH;0wnfrSDaeyga=umif;?
a$vDrSaejcnf
25 pufwifbm 2009
Shan Herald Agency for News

33

axmif'%f 106 ESpfuscH& typf&yf SSA em,u


yHkrSefaq;ppfcGifhr&
crWD;axmifY axmif'%f 106 ESpfuscHae&ol SSA typf
&yfacgi;f aqmif Adv
k cf sKyfaqxJe@f yHrk eS af q;ppfciG rhf &a=umif; rdom;pk
0ifwOD;.ajymjycsuft& od&ygonf?
yHrk eS jf zpfaewJah &m*gu rsupf w
d rd zf ;kH wm? ta&mifcv
JG @kd r&
bl;/ rdk;wGif;wav#mufvHk;cHvm&wmu iSufzsm;a&m*g/ *sLvdkifv
wke;f u pjzpfw,f? tonf;toefjzpfcsed u
f pd;k &drt
f qifh 2 vd@k ajym
wmbJ/ aemufyikd ;f yHrk eS af q;ppfciG hf ray;awmhb;l - [k axmif0if
pmoGm;awG@vmonfhorD;jzpfol crf;ayg0f;uajymonf?
Ek0d ifbm 15 &uf rS 22 &uftxd ppfuikd ;f wkid ;f txufyikd ;f
crW;D axmifYuscaH e&olAv
kd cf sKyfaqxJet
f m;orD;jzpfoel ef;crf;ayg0;f
ESirhf cd if (Adv
k cf sKyfaqxJe.
f ZeD;) wd@k ESpOf ;D axmif0ifpmoGm; awG@cJh
jcif;jzpfonf?
usrwdk@ crWD;rSm 5-6 &ufae&ayrJh 18 &uf (Ak'<[l;ae@)
ae@vnfyikd ;f 1 em&DusrS 45 rdepfavmufbJ tazeJ@awG@cGi&hf w,f?
bmrSajymqdkwdkifyifcGifhr&bl;? tzGJ@tpnf;ta=umif;rajymeJ@
rdom;pkta&;awmif bmrS rajymjyvdkuf&bl;/ wacgufoGm;&if
r,kwfrvGef 2 cg 3 cgavmufay;awG@&if aumif;wmaygh - [k
orD;jzpfolu qufajymjy.?
vlwa,muftwGuf &efukef - crWD; toGm;tjyef
usyw
f ode;f cGu
J ek u
f saoma=umifh Adv
k cf sKyfaqxJet
f m; rdom;pk0if
rsm; wvwcgoGm;awG@&efcufcJa=umif;-

ajcmufv ckESpfvrS w}udrfoGm;Ekdifw,f/ bmbJjzpfjzpf


tazu tjypfSdwmr[kwfbl;/ tazhu touf}uD;+yDav/ taz
tygt0if a':pke@J o#r;f acgi;f aqmifawG/ Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;awG
tm;vHk; vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifh jrefjref&ygapvdk@bJqkawmif;w,f
- [k eef;crf;ayg0f;u o#rf;oHawmfqifh odk@ ajym.?
xdk@twl o#rf;jynfajrmufydkif;owif;&yfuGufuvnf;
typf&yfajrmufyikd ;f SSA tm; a'oumuG,af &;wyf HGF (Home
Guard Force) tjzpf 'DZifbmaemufq;kH xm; toGia
f jymif;&ef ppf
tpd;k &u Adv
k cf sKyfaqxJe@f vGwaf jrmufa&;ESihf tay;t,lurf;vSr;f
xm;a=umif;/Adv
k cf sKyfaqxJe@f twGuf SSA N XmecsKyf qdik af usm0h f
wGif tdrftaumif;pm;wvHk;}uD;paqmufay;aea=umif;qdk.?
tJ'DudpPeJ@ywfouf+yD; usrwdk@bmrSrodygbl;/ tazeJ@
awG@wJt
h csed u
f vJ c%bJqakd wmh tjcm;udpb
P mrS rajymjzpfb;l
-[k orD;jzpfolu ajymjyonf?
2005 ESpfqef;ydkif;Y jrefrmppfwyfrS o#rf;jynftwdkif
k cf sKyfaqxJe/f SNLD
tyifcaH umifpzD @JG pnf;&efupd t
P a=umif;yI Adv
OuUX p0fcGefxGef;OD; ESifh o#rf;acgif;aqmif 7 OD;tm; EdkifiHawmfykef
uefr_ jynfaxmifprk cS x
JG u
G &f ef }uHpnfrE_ iS hf tjcm;tr_ aygi;f rsm;pGm
pGyfpGJ+yD;zrf;qD;axmifcscJhonf? AdkvfcsKyfaqxJef@tm; axmif'%f
106 ESpf p0fcGefxGef;OD;tm; 93 ESpf/ SNLD taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r;
pdkif;!Gef@vGif 85 ESpfESifh tjcm;acgif;aqmifrsm;tm;vnf; tenf;
qHk;axmif'%f 75 ESpfjypf'%fay;cJhonf?

vrf;cGJcsdef wef_yDavm
typf&yfacgif;aqmiftcsKd 'l;axmufaomf
vufatmufi,fom;rsm;t-uyfu
dk f
qufvufwkdufyJG0ifrnfhvrf;aG;rnf

34 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

INDEPENDENCE

etza=umifh trsKd;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&; tvSrf;a0;


rdrdwdk@tm%mvdkcsifrufarmIr[kwf/ wkdif;jynfacsmuf
xJusz@dk vufEpS v
f ;Hk omvkad wmhojzifh u,fq,fvu
dk &f onf/ rvGJ
om raSmifom tm%modrf;cJh&ygonf/ r=umrD ppfwef;vsm;odk@
jyefygrnf qdkaom ordkif;0ifpum;udk 1988 u tm%modrf;
ppfacgif;aqmif EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;a&;aumifpD e0w OuUX
AdkvfcsKyf}uD; apmarmifudk,fwdkif urBmodajym=um;cJhonf//
e0w ppfAdkvfcsKyf}uD;rsm; "g;rkd;tkyfcsKyfcJhaomtESpf 20
ausmf umvwpfav#muf if;wdk@udk,fwdkifay;xm;cJhaom uwd
pum; aygif;rsm;pGmudk t}udrf}udrfcsdK;azgufcJhonfhteuf txif
Sm;qkH; om"u wpfckjzpfonf//
1990 wGif aG;aumufyGJusif;yay;cJhaomfvnf; tEdkif&
ygwDtm; tm%mvGJray;cJhonfhtjyif 'Drdkua&pDta&;ud;yrf;
olrsm;tm; vlrqefpGmESdyfuGyfvmjcif;rSm trsdK;om;jyefvnfoifh
jrwfa&;vrf;a=umif;rSausmcdik ;f cJo
h nfh ajcvSr;f tptjzpf awG@jrif
cJ h &onf//
if;jyif wdkif;&if;om;rsm;ESifh awG@qHkaqG;aEG;a&;udk jiif;
qef+yD; wdkif;&if;om;e,fajrrsm;twGif;dS u&if/ u&ifeD/ o#rf;
ponfv
h rl sKd ;pkvufeufuikd af wmfveS af &;tiftm;pkrsm;tm; xd;k ppf
qifwdkufcdkufojzifh tjypfrJhjynfolrsm;.aus;Gmrsm; rD;d_@zsufqD;
cH&r_/ wdkif;&if;olrsm;rk'def;usifhcH&r_ tygt0if tjcm;ppf&mZ0wf
r_rsm;pGm usL;vGev
f #uf o
Sd jzifh wdik ;f &if;om; t&yfom; ppfab;'kuQ
onf odef;ESifhcsDtdk;tdrfrJhxGufajy;wdrf;aSmif ae& onf?
,ckuJhodk@ e0w/ etz ppftkyfpktqufquf tm%m
wnf+rJa&;twGuf t=urf;zufvkyf&yfrsm;onf wdkif;&if;om;rsm;
ESifh wef;wl&nfwl awG@qHkaqG;aEG;&ef rvdkvm;a=umif;jyoonfh
vuQ%mjzpfonf?
xk@d xufru &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;/ vlrsK;d pk wdik ;f &if;om;
acgif;aqmifrsm;/ 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;kef;uefwufuGv_yfSm;ol

rsm;/ trsdK;orD;rsm; tusOf;axmiftoD;oD;Y ESpfSnfaxmifoGif;


tusOf;csjcif; cHae=u&onf?
2009 atmufwdkbmvtwGif; EdkifiHa&;v_yfSm;ol *1 OD;
xufrenf;udk qufvuf zrf;qD;+yD; tusOf;axmifrsm;Yvnf;
Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;OD;a& 2100 ausmt
f usO;f csxm;qJjzpfa=umif;
EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;ulnDapmifhaSmufa&;tzGJ@ AAPP u
pm&if;xkwfjyefxm;onf?
Akdvfoef;a$ppftkyfpktm; vufeufudkifwdkufyGJ0ifaeqJ
ALP , CNF , KNPP, KNU ,KNO, SSA yg0ifaom ajcmufjynf
axmifppfa&;r[mrdwftzGJ@ SMNA u wdkif;&if;om; e,fajrrsm;
twGi;f xd;k ppfqifaer_ukd wke@f jyefonft
h aejzifh a=ujimcsuf xkwf
jyefc.
hJ ? vlrsKd ;pkrsm;tay: t=urf;zufwu
kd cf u
kd f ppfqifrr_ sm;tm;
tjrefqHk;&yfqkdif;&ef/ wjynfvHk;typftcwf&yfpJa&; a=ujim&ef/
tESpo
f m&do
S nfh awG@qHak qG;aEG;yGJ yvky+f yD; Edik if aH &;jy\emrsm;udk
EkdifiHa&;enf;jzifh ajzSif;&ef ponfhtcsuf rsm; awmif;qdkcJhonf?
wdkif;&if;om;jynfolrsm;tzkd@ EdkifiHa&;jyoemrsm;ajzSif;
&efawG@qHkaqG;aEG;tajzSmjcif;uom taumif;qHk;enf;vrf;jzpf
a=umif;,H=k unfxm;=uonft
h av#muf Akv
d o
f ef;a$ppftyk pf t
k m;
trsK;d om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;aqG;aEG;&efwpdu
k rf wfrwfawmif;qdk
qJjzpfonf?
trsKd;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;twGuf aqG;aEG;tajzSm
vdak =umif; yef=um;pmwpfapmifuo
kd #r;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru
kd a&pD
tzG@J csKyf/ &cdik 'f rD u
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf/ rGet
f rsKd ;om; 'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf/
Zdrk ;D trsKd ;om;uGeu
f &uf wdik ;f &if;om; 4 ygwu
D 1998 uwnf;u
AdkvfcsKyfr;}uD;oef;a$xHwdkufdkuf vdyfrlay;ydk@cJhzl;.?
yef=um;pm tESpcf sKyfrmS wyfrawmfrS Ekid if aH wmftm%m
xde;f odr;f +yD;aemuf Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;zG@J pnf;cGiahf y;jcif;/w&m;r#w+yD;
vGyv
f yfonfyh gwpD 'kH rD u
kd a&pDaG;aumufyJG usi;f yay;jcif;wd@k onf

Shan Herald Agency for News

35

L
'Dru
kd a&pDta&;aS;_aomaumif;jrwfonfah qmifu
G rf j_ zpfa=umif;
odk@aomfaG;aumufyGJ&v'f taumiftxnf az:ray;jcif;onf
ordkif;trJpufjzpfaeyga=umif;
vufdSjzpfay:aeaom t=uyftwnf;rsm;jzpfonfh
EkdifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&;ESifh wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm; ta&;rsm;rS
vGeaf jrmuf&ef ajzSi;f Ekid af omenf;vrf;rSm wyfrawmf / trsK;d om;
'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf/ 'Dru
kd a&pDtiftm;pkrsm;/ wdik ;f &if;om; Edik if aH &;
ygwDrsm;/vufeufudkiftzGJ@tpnf;rsm;utrsKd;om;jyefvnf oifh
jrwfa&;twGufEkdifiHa&;t&t"dy`g,fdSaom awG@qHkaqG;aEG;jcif;
jzifhom tajzSmEkdifrnf[k tav;teuf ,Hk=unfa=umif;
a&;om;wifjycJhonf?
od@k aomfvnf; Akv
d o
f ef;a$ppftyk pf u
k tqifh (7)qifh Ekid if H
a&;vrf;jyajryHkuo
dk m qkyfudkifum 'Drdkua&pDta&; awmif;qdk
wdkufyGJ0ifolrSefor#tm; vlrqefpGmESdyfuGyfjyjcif;jzifh trsKd;om;
jyefvnfoifhjrwf a&;qdkonfudk raxrJhjrifyvkyfvsufdSonf//
,ae@qdv
k #if ppftyk pf u
k wurBmvH;k .vdv
k m; awmif;qdk
r_rsm;tay: rsufuG,fyum if;wdk@pdwfuduf tm%m,lEdkif&ef
2008 zGJ@pnf;yHk ukdtaumiftxnfazmfrnfh 'Drdkua&pDtrnfcH
t&yfom;tpkd;& ta&cH ppftkyfcsKyfa&; toufoGif; vkqJqJ
umvodk@ csOf;uyfae+yDjzpf.?
jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;jyoemrsm;ukd etzwbufowfa&;qGJ
xm;onfh 2008 zG@J pnf;yHjk zifh rajzSi;f Edik af =umif;vuft
Sd ajc tae
rsm;u jyoaeaoma=umifh trsK;d om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&; aqG;aEG;
=u&ef awmif;qdkoHrsm;wpxufwpus,favmifvmonf?
txufyg taetxm;rsm;onf jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;ZmwfcHk
ay:rS twdwfESifhrsufarSmufumvudk xif[yfvsufdS.? vufSd
vdyfcJwnf;vnf;tajctaet& tem*gwfudkyHkaz:&ef t=uyf
twnf;rsm;ESifh &ifqdkifae&qJjzpfonf?
etzppftkyfpkbufu awG@qHkaqG;aEG;a&;ESifhtrsKd;om;
jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;ukd raxrJjh rifyaeaoma=umifv
h @l tcGit
hf a&;
csKd;azgufol ppf&mZ0wfaumifrsm;tjzpfpGyfpGJcHae&.? ordkif;trJ
puf}uD;pGe;f xif;ayusv
H suf u
Sd m if;wd@k .vlrqefpmG ESyd u
f yG rf r_ sm;
atmufwiG f wdik ;f &if;om;jynfot
l rsm;pk 'kurQ sKd ;pHu
k kd cg;pnf;cHae=u
&onf?
vwfwavm xl;jcm;r_wpfcktay:avhvmoltcsKd@u
ar#mfvifhcsufwpfcktjzpf ajymqdkae=uonf?
etzppftkyfpku 'Drdkua&pDESifh vl@tcGifhta&;xGef;um;
a&; aS@wef;wifaom tar&duefjynfaxmifpk. oabmxm;udk
wpfav#mufvHk;qef@usifvmcJhaomfvnf; rpPwmtdkbm;rm;
orRwjzpfvm+yD;aemufydkif; ajymif;vJvmaomay:vpDtopf
a=umifh ESpaf ygi;f rsm;pGmwif;rmcJo
h nfh tar&duef ESihf jrefrm ESpEf ikd if H
qufqaH &;jyefvnfvy_ f mS ;vmonf? trsK;d om;jyefvnfoifjh rwf
a&;ajymqdo
k rH sm; jyefvnfa&yef;pm;vmonf[k qd&k rvdjk zpfonf?
36 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

jrefrmhEikd if aH &;Zmwfcw
kH iG f tcef;uwpfct
k jzpf tar&d
uefjynfaxmifpkyg0ifygwfoufvmaomtcg trsKd;om;jyefvnf
oifhjrwfa&;twGuf ar#mfvifhcsufwcktjzpfajymqdkvm=uaomf
vnf; qef@usifbuf ar;cGef;wpfckar;&ef vdktyfvmonf?
Akdvfoef;a$ppftkyfpku if;wdk@qkyfudkifxm;onfh ppfAdkvf
wrwfom;tpk;d &ykpH u
H dk urBmoda=ujimxm;onft
h wdik ;f if;wd@k ESihf
eD;pyfolrsm;u aG;aumufyGJtwGuf ajcykef;ckwfjyifqifr_rsm;yif
vkyfaqmifvm=uojzifh wdkif;&if;om;jynfolrsm; vdkvm; aom
trsdK;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;qkdonfrSm ar#mfvifhp&mrsm;dSOD;
rvm;qdkaom ar;cGef;jzpfonf?
awG@qHak qG;aEG;a&;rluq
kd yk u
f ikd af om &ckid 'f rD u
kd a&pD tzG@J
csKyfrS OD;at;omatmifu tar&dueftqifhjrifh oHudk,fpm;
vS,f rsm;tm; zGJ@pnf;yHkudkom rjyifbl;qdk&if aG;aumufyGJ r0ifbl; //
1990 aG;aumufyGJudkqkyfudkif+yD;awmhyJ wdkif;&if;om;ygwDawG
taeeJ@'Drdkua&pD&dSa&; / vl@tcGifha&;awGtwGuf qufvuf
ud;yrf;aqmifGufoGm;rSmyg? zGJ@pnf;yHkudkrjyifbl;qdk&if vuf
eufudkifwdkif;&if;om;tzGJ@tpnf;awGuvnf; qufvufwdkufyGJ
0if=uzd@k oabmxm;Syd gw,f -[kajymqdkcJhonf//
jynfyoHwrefrsm;ESifhtwdkuftcH'Drdkua&pD tiftm;pk
rsm;awG@qHkcGifhay;jcif;rSm t=uyftwnf;=um;rS,m,DvGwf
ajrmuf&efetzu xGufayguftjzpf zefwD;jcif;omjzpfa=umif;
avhvmolrsm;uajymonf?
'Dru
kd a&pDacgi;f aqmif a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf etzwd@k
. ,H=k unfrw
_ nfaqmufa&;umvrSmvnf; 'Dy,
J if; t=urf;zuf
vkyf}uH wdkufcdkufr_a=umifhysufpD;cJh&.? a$0ga&mifawmfvSefa&;
t+yD; ppfaumifpD.qufqHa&;udk,fpm;vS,f OD;atmif=unfESifh
aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;vnf; t&mrxifjzpfcJhonf//
acgi;f rmolppftyk pf t
k zk@d wdik ;f &if;om;a'orsm;wGix
f ;kd ppf
qifwdkufcdkufjcif;rsm;/ 'Drdkua&pDta&;v_yfSm;olrsm;tm;axmif
oGif;tusOf;csaejcif;rsm;/ enf;rsKd;pHkvl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azgufr_ rsm;
qufwu
kd u
f sL;vGeaf vav/ trsK;d om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&; ar#mrf eS ;f
csuftvSrf;a0;avav jzpfaetHk;rnfrSmaocsmonf?
,cktcg 2010 aG;aumufyt
JG ay: tar&duefrt
S od t
rSwfya&;twGuf Akdvfoef;a$ppftkyfpk upm;uGufajymif;vmjcif;
jzpf+yD;jrefrmjynfolrsm;. ar#mfvifhcsufoJxJa&oGefjzpf&efom
tvm; tvmrsm;ayrnf?
pkpnf;aom bHk&yfwnfcsufwpfcktay: wdkif;&if;om;
tm;vHk;ESifh 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkrsm; ausmcsif;uyf&yfwnf=u&ef
ta&;w}uD;aoG;pnf;=uzkd@rjzpfraevdktyfaeyga=umif;?
rkdif;armrS pkdif;=o 9.11.2009

INDEPENDENCE

EdkifiHa&;jy\ emeJ@ +idrf;csrf;a&;tvm;tvm


2008 zJ@G pnf;yHt
k &wckwnf;aomwyfrawmfatmufukd
typf&yfwyfzJG@awG0ifvm+yDqdk&if vufSd,m,D+idrf;csrf;a&;uae
xm0&+idrf;csrf;a&; &vmawmhrSmjzpfw,fvdk@ ppftpdk;&uajymqdk
vmygw,f? 'gayr,fhwckwnf;aomwyfrawmfjzpfzdk@ wdu
k fw Ge f;
vmcsdefrSmawmh +idrf;tzJG@awGjiif;qefwJhtwGuf tpdk;&tzdk@xif
wdkif;rjzpfcJhyg/ tiftm;oHk;+yD; wnfaqmufwJh +idrf;csrf;a&;[ma&
Snf rwnfwHhbl;vdk@ wkwfjrefrm e,fpyf EdkifiHa&;avhvmol
OD;atmifausmfaZmfuajymygw,f?
wyfrawmftiftm;SdrS wdkif;jynftiftm;Sdr,f?w
u,fawmhwyfrawmftiftm;Sdatmifvkyfwmu wjynfvHk;rSm
SdwJhjynfoleJ@ vlrsdK;pkacgif;aqmif vlrsKd;pkvufeufudkiftzJG@
tpnf;vlrsKd;pkawmfvSefa&;tzJG@tpnf;awGyg? wyftiftm;
rsm;rsm;eJ @ +id r f ; csrf ; a&;wnf a qmuf z d k @ ud ; pm;wm[m
+idr;f csr;f a&;wnfaqmufwmr[kwb
f ;l ? wyftiftm;rsm;rsm;oH;k +yD;
vl,uf"g;jr wdkufwmudk +idrf+idrfae=uvdk@ajymwm? wrsKd;om;vHk;
txl;vdkvm;csufudkr&cJhbl;qdk&if/ 'Dae@ 'DvlrSd&if aemufae@
aemufvlvkyfvdrhfr,f?'Dae@'DtzJG@tpnf;rSd&ifaemufae@aemuf
tzJ@G tpnf;vkyv
f rd rhf ,f? etzu vufeuftm;ud;k eJ@vkyaf ewm
xm0&wnf+idrfat;csrf;wJh jynfaxmifpkr[kwfbl;?
1962 tm%modrf;ppftpdk;&[m vufeufudkiftif tm;
pkawGeJ@ aqG;aEG;r_t}udrf}udrfvkyfcJhayr,hf atmifjrifr_r&cJhygbl;?
1980 rSm rqv tpd;k &eJ@ KIO wd@k 10 }udraf usm=f um awG@qHak qG;
aEG;cJhygw,f? KIO OuUX b&rfqdkif;udk jynfe,faumifpD OuUX
&mxl; eJ@ KIA wyfzJG@awGudkawmhvHkxdrf; wyftoGifajymif;vJzdk@
zdtm;ay; cJhygw,f?
KIA taeeJ@tJ'DwHk;u vHkxdef;wyf toGifajymif;zdk@
vufrcHcb
hJ ;l vd@k A[dak umfrw
D 0D ifAv
kd rf ; }uD;*srd ;f vkr;f a'gi0f f uajym
ygw,f? vHkxdrf;wyfwcgwnf;ajymif;vdkuf&if bmtmrcHcsufSd
rvJ? usaemfwdk@awmfvSefa&;vkyfvmwmu jynfolvlxktcGifh
ta&;&zdk@jzpfw,f/ tJ'D[mr&Sdcif tm;vHk;ajcpHkypf+yD; vHkxdef;
wyfvyk v
f u
dk &f if ppftpd;k &tkycf sKyfrv
_ ufatmuf ajcpHyk pf0if vdu
k f
jcif;jzpfw,f? jznf;jznf;csif;qdk&iftmrcHcsufSd+yD; jynfolvlxk
twGufvJwif;wdrfr_Sdw,f? bmrqdkaqG;aEG;vdk@&wmbJ?
OD;atmifausmaf ZmvJ 'Dru
kd a&pDe@J wef;wla&;udk tmrrcH
Edik o
f Ixm0&+idr;f csr;f a&;jzpfvmrSmr[kwfb;l vd@k oH;k oyfygw,f?
xm0&+idrf;csrf;a&;&w,fqdkwm trsKd;om;wdkif;wef;wl

OD;ausmfxif (VOA - 20/09/09)

zuf '&,fjynfaxmifpjk zpf&r,f? usaemfw@kd Edik if &H @J t"du jy\em


rSmvdktyfwJhtajymif;tvJu'Drdkua&pDudpPwifrubl;? trsKd;
om;a&;udpPudk rajzSif;Edkifbl;qdk&if b,fawmhrSxm0&+idrf;csrf;
a&;r&Edkifbl;?
ppftpd;k &[m typf&yfxm;wJh tESpf 20 twGi;f tm;enf;
wJhtzJG@awGudk vufeufjzKwfodrf;wmawG/ tiftm;}uD;wJhtzJG@
awGudk wyfjzKwfzdcJGwmawG/ trsKd;om;nDvmcHwufa&mufpOf
uvJ +idrf;tzJG@awG&J@wifjyr_awGudk vpfvsL_wmawGSdcJhw,f
vdk@tuJcwfawGuajym=uygw,f? 2008 zJG@pnf;yHkuvnf; ppf
wyfudk tajcy+yD;a&;qJGxm;wmrdk@ 'DOya'twdkif;qufoGm;&if
+idrf;csrf;a&;&rSmr[kwfbl;vdk@ rGefvl@tcGifhta&; 'gdkufwm
EdkifuapmhrGefu ajymygw,f?
tiftm;t"duxm;+yD; wnfaqmufwJh+idrf;csrf;a&;bJ
jzpfw,f? wyfrawmftiftm;toHk;y+yD; wdkif;&if;om;vufeuf
udkiftiftm;pkudk zdtm;ay;w,f/ olwdk@a&;qJGxm;wJhzJG@pnf;
tkycf sKyfyt
kH ajccHOya'uvJ tjcm;wdik ;f &if;om;vufeufuikd f tzJ@G
tpnf;awG&J@ tcef;udkxnhfrwGufbJ wyfrawmf&J@ tcef;u
J w
l @kd xnhw
f u
G w
f ,f?wzufapmif;eif;jzpfwhJ wyfrawmf udb
k J
udb
k o
tm;y+yD;wnfaqmufwJh+idrf;csrf;a&;jzpfwJhtwGuf rckdif+rJEdkifbl;?
2008 zJ@G pnf;yHek @J 2010 aG;aumufyu
GJ vJ wyfr awmfub
kd t
J ajcy
xm;wJt
h wGuf olw@kd wnfaqmufrhJ Edik if aH wmfuvnf; +idr;f csr;f wJh
EdkifiHawmf rjzpfEdkifbl;
ydyuQajzSi;f wJah e&mrSm ppfwyfoabmxm; csn;f r[kwf
bJ tm;vH;k yg0ifro
S m ppfreS w
f +hJ idr;f csr;f a&; &w,fv@kd Edik u
f apmhreG f
uqufajymygw,f?
+idr;f csr;f a&;wnfaqmufwahJ e&mrSm 'Dru
kd a&pDtiftm;
pktm;vH;k &J@ oabmwlncD su&f ,l&rSmjzpfw,f? wdik ;f &if;om; tif
tm;pkawG &oifh&xdkufwJhtcGifhta&;vJay;EdkifrSom +idrf;csrf;a&;
wnfaqmufEdkifrSmjzpfw,f? wyfrawmfwckwnf;Sd&r,f rSd&
bl;qdw
k musaemfrajymvdb
k ;l ? wdik ;f jynfpnf;vH;k nD!w
$ b
f @kd qdw
k m
wdik ;f &if;om;tcGit
hf a&;vnf; jynfph w
kH ,f? 'Dru
kd a&pDtcGit
fh a&;
vJjynh0f w,fq&kd if/wckwnf;aomwyfrawmfjzpfvmEdik yf gw,f?
'guawmh tiftm;oH;k +yD;wnfaqmufwhJ +idr;f csr;f a&;[m
a&SnfrwnfwHhbl;qdkwmeJ@ ppfrSefwJh+idrf;csrf;a&; wnfaqmuf
r,fqdk&if tm;vHk;yg0ifEdkifrJh EdkifiHa&;tcif;tusif; jzpfzdk@vdkw,f
qdkwm axmufjyajymqdkoGm;=uwmjzpfygw,f?
Shan Herald Agency for News

37

wdkif;&if;om;qEN etz rsufuG,fy ,ckEk difiHa&;txHk;


2010 aG;aumufyo
JG nf 'Dru
dk a&pDa&; ESihf

+idr;f csr;f a&;


twGuf t+yD;owf qk;H jzwfcsucf sEidk rf nfr[kw?f Win - Win tae
txm; jzpfap&efum; - okH;yGifhqkdifawG@

qkHaqG;aEG;a&; rjzpfraevkyf&rnf?

etztkyfpk/

twkduftcHtiftm;pkESifh wkdif;&if;om;
vufeufuidk t
f zG@J tpnf;rsm;tmvk;H jynfwiG ;f +idr;f csr;f
a&;ESifh 'Drkdua&pD&Sda&;ukdbkHOD;wnfcsufxm;I tav#mhtwif;
tay;t,lvkyf nEd _dif;=u&rnf?
aG;aumufyGJonft"dur[kwf?

awG@qkHaqG;aEG;a&;
onfomt"dujzpf.? tcsdefowfrSwfcsufonfjy\
emr[kwf/ ppfrSefaomawG@qkHaqG;aEG;a&;vrf;a=umif;rSefay:
a&mufSd &efom y"geusonf?
awG@qka
H qG;aEG;Ekid &f ef Ekid if aH &;tusO;f om;tm;vH;k v$wf

ay;&rnf?
2010 aG;aumufyJG yGiv
hf if;vGwv
f yfonfjzpfap/ rvGwf

vyfonfjzpfap 2008 zG@J pnf;ykrH mS jynfo@l qENEiS t


hf nD
a&;qGJxm;jcif;r[kwfojzifh jyefvnfjyifqif&rnf?
wkdif;&if;om;rsm;.

qEN vkH;0tav;rxm;bJ 2010


aG;aumufyGJ wzufowfusif;yqkdygu wkdif;&if;om;rsm;vkdvm;
aom wef;wla&;ESifhukd,fykdifjyXmef;cGifh &Sdrnfr[kwfaoma=umifh
jynf wGif;a&;jy\emxyfjzpfOD;rnf? +idrf;csrf;r_rSdv#if 'Drkdua&pD
zG@H z;Ekid rf nfr[kw?f 2008 zG@J pnf;yku
H ,
dk Ef u
d_ u
f wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;.
&ykdifcGifhtwGuf tmrcHcsufay;xm;jcif; vkH;0rSd?
ppfty
k pf t
k vku
d s wzufowfa&;qGcJ ahJ om em;*pf tajc

cH Oya'ukd qef@usio
f jzifh etzonf SNLD acgi;f aqmifrsm;tm;
nDvmcHzsufqD;vkdr_jzifh zrf;qD;axmifcscJh.? SNLD . EkdifiHa&;
OD;aqmifr_ukd axmufcHonfh typf&yf SSA-N em,u AkdvfcsKyf
aqxJeftm;vnf;tvm;wl yk'frwyf zrf;qD;axmifcscJhonf?
wki
d ;f &if;om;uk,
d pf m;vS,rf sm;rSad wmhaom anmifEpS f
yif nDvmcHukd typf&yf 17 zGJ@jzifh tpm;xkd; usm;uefcJhonf?
typf&yftzGJ@rsm; tb,fha=umifh nDvmcHwufcJh=uo
enf;? EkdifiHa&;jy\emukd EkdifiHa&; enf;jzifh ajzSif;Ekdifrnf[k,kH
=unf=uaoma=umifjh zpf.? typftcwf&yfpaJ &; oabmwlncD suf

38 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

rSm - 1? ppfrwkdufa&;/ 2? a'ozGH@z;a&;/ 3? aemifay:aygufvm


rnfh 'Drkdua&pDtpkd;&ESifh EkdifiHa&;udpPaqG;aEG;a&;-ponfh E_wf
uwdrsm; jzpfonf?
anmifEp
S yf ifY qENaz:xkwcf iG hf vk;H 0r&cJ=h uaom typf
&yftzG@J rsm;onf jynfo@l qENc,
H l yGaJ xmufc&H ef t=uyfuidk f cH&jyef
.? aemifwufvmrnfh tpk;d &ESihf Ekid if aH &;udpP aqG;aEG;tajzSmEkid f
rnf[k ar#mfvifhojzifh axmufcHcJh=ujyefonf?
2008 zGJ@pnf;ykH wzufowf twnfyvkdufonfESifh
etz onf 2009 arrSpI typf&yfrsm;tm; twif;t=uyf vuf
eufcsckdif;cJh.? aemufykdif; e,fjcm;apmifhwyf (okd@) jynfol@ppf
toGifajymif;a&;twGuf enf;vrf;aygif;pkH zdtm;ay;cJhonf?
SNLD rSwef;wla&;/ ukd,fykdifjyXmef;cGifh&Sda&;tay:
tajccHaom jynfaxmifppk pfppfrl Federalism wifjycJph Ofu nDvm
cHusif;ya&;aumfrSifu vufcHaqG;aEG;cGifhray;cJh?
2008 em;*pftajccHOya'onf NLD, SNLD ESihf tjcm;

aG;aumufyGJtEkdif& wkdif;&if;om;ygwDrsm;. qENoabmxm;ryg


ojzifh wkdif;&if;om;jynfolwpf&yfvkH;. vkdtifqENukd ukd,fpm;y
onf[k vkH;0rqkdEkdif?
'Drkdua&pD&Sda&;ESifh

wkdif;&if;om;ta&;um; xyfwl
xyfr# t"duusojzifh ESpcf pk vk;H ukd wyifeufwnf; ajzSi;f &ygrnf?
2010 aG;aumufyGJum; Armjynf'Drkdua&pD&Sda&; t
wGuf t+yD;owfqkH;jzwfcsuf jzpfEkdif rnfr[kwf?

jynfwGif;rS OL;%
24112009
taS@tmS ESifh ypdzdwfa&;&m tar&duefvufaxmuf
EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD; Kurt Campbell xH 4112009 &ufae@u
ay;tyfvdkufaom o#rf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
SNLD . pmudk aumufEw
_ af z: jyjcif;jzpfonf?

INDEPENDENCE

*E<mv&mZfwdkif;ESifh =uyfajy;*k d%f;.racsriHyr_

Photo : Irrawaddy

ya'o&mZfacwftcgrsm;uqkv
d #if =oZmcHwidk ;f Ekid if iH ,f
onf ppftiftm;awmifw
h if;onfh {u&mZfrif;rsm;xH vufaqmif
ymqufo=u&onf?
vufaqmifym orD;unmrsm; ykHrSef qufoaerSom
{u&mZfrif;rsm; trsufawmfrxm;yJ xD;eef;tkyfcsKyfydkifcGifhudk
=unfjzLpGm ay;oem;xm;=uonf?
vuf a qmif y mquf o r_ r sm; jzwf a wmuf y k e f u ef
ta=umif;rjyef tquftqHryyJtmcHygu bkef;awmftvGef
w&m}uD;jrwfonfh tSirf if;=wm;}uD; trsuaf wmfI
S usL;ausmf
qkH;rxD;ypfonfh tpOftvmrsm;dScJhonf?
xdktjzpfoepfrsm;um; vGefcJhonfhESpfaygif; &mESifhcsD
avmufu ya'o&mZf EdkifiH}uD;i,frsm;t=um; qufqHa&; yHkpH
jzpfonf?
,ae@acwfumvtzk@d ya'o&mZf{u&mZfumv r[kwf
awmhojzifh xD;eef;tm%moufq;dk Snaf p&ef orD;unmESiw
hf pH ;kd
vufaqmifrsm;qufoI wpfyg;aomEdik if .
H =oZmcHwidk ;f jynf rsm;
dSEdkifrdSEdkifudpPrSm tjiif;yGm;zG,f&mjzpfonf?
Tae&mwGif wkdif;EkdifiH.pepftvkduf vlwdk@.tusifh
pkdufrsm;xJrS jrifawG@avhdSaom tytrlESifhqufpyf Ed_if;,SOf
=unfhEkdifonf?
wpfausmif;vHk;odxm;=uonfrSm armifrJu armifjzLudk
a=umuf@HG ae&onf[k qdyk gp@kd ?

xdt
k cg armifru
J armifjzLudk trsm;xifovkd ra=umuf&
a=umif;odomap&efjyovkdojzifh armifjzLaS@arSmuf tusDc|wf
AvjywmrsKd; vkyfjyvdkufonf?
ArmppfAkdvfcsKyfrsm;. udk;uef@tay:usL;ausmfodrf;ykduf
r_onf wkww
f @dk tm; etztaejzifh armifru
J o
hJ @kd jyKrlco
hJ nfh vkyf
&yfvm; awG;awmE_dif;qrdonf?
tm%modrf;,lcJhcsdefrSpI ,ae@tcsdeftxd tiftm;}uD;
wkwjf ynfEiS hf ArmppfAv
kd cf sKyftyk pf w
k @kd . tESpf 20 qufqaH &;rSm
ppftyk pf t
k zk@d w&m;tm;xkwt
f kwt
f m;xm;onf[k wurBmvk;H
u xifjrif,q
l cJ=h uonf?
wu,fwef;wGif trsm;,lqovdkr[kwfyJ wkwfArm
qufqHa&;Y ArmppfAdkvfcsKyfrsm; tompD;&aea=umif; tuJcwf
wcsKd @u ,lqonf?
ArmppfAdkvfcsKyfwpfpku w&kwfjynf. tusdK;pD;yGm;ESifh
vdt
k yfcsurf sm; tay:rufv;kH ay;qGaJ qmiftjrwfxw
k I
f vSvyS y
toHk;csonf[k if;wdk@qdk=uonf?
wkwfjynfodk@ oG,fwef;rnfh a&eHESifh*uf(pf)ydkufvdkif;udk
=unfv
h #iyf if wkwt
f m;rnfo@kd toH;k csco
hJ nfukd odomap onf?
*uf(pf)wl;azmf 0,f,l&if;ESD;ryfESHr_wGif tdENd,u wkwf
xuf aps;ykjd riahf y;cJah omfvnf;ArmAdv
k cf sKyfrsm;utdE,
dN udrk a&mif;
yJ wkwfudka&mif;cJhjcif;rSm ta=umif;Sd.?
wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkif xdef;csKyfe,fajrrsm;twGif;
jzwfoef;oG,f,lrnfhtqdkyg ydkufvdkif;udpPjzifh typf&yf+idrf;tzGJ@
rsm;tay:zdtm;ay;tusyu
f idk o
f nfeh nf;vrf;wpfct
k jzpftoH;k cs
oGm;jcif;jzpfonf?
2 aumifau|;Iuif;,lrnfh usm;uGufa$@enf;jzpfonf?
wkwfe,fpyfdS ppfa&;avhvmol OD;atmifausmfaZmu acwfyif
ESifhtifwmAsL;wGif *uf(pf) ydkufvdkif;2 vdkif;a=umifh wkwfu
vnfpif;ay;ae&onft
h jzpfrsKd ; a&mufaea=umif;ajym=um;cJh onf?
ArmppfwyfESifh udk;uef@wyfzGJ@wdk@.vufeufudkifydyuQ
wGifudk;uef@vufeufpufHkudpP wkwfuowif;ay;vkduf+yD;
aemufay:ayguv
f maomtusK;d qufrmS pdw0f ifpm;p&mjzpfonf?
ukd;uef@vufeufpufkHrS xkwfvkyfaomaoewfrsm;
Sif;*sJef;tGD*g cGJxGufa&;orm;wkd@xH ckd;a&mif;csr_rsm;Sda=umif;
wkyf'k0ef}uD;wpfOD;u etzukefoG,fa&;0ef}uD;tm; 2009 {+yD
vtwGif;rE Wav;wGifwD;wkd;owif;ay;cJhonf? ukd;uef@acgif;
aqmifrsm;tm; owday;[ef@wm;rnfhtpm; etzu xkdudpPukd
pmrsuEf mS 33 okd
Shan Herald Agency for News

39

L
0;yhdoyr0G9ry ,:djy ]K9yhx5'dy K. ,yr

Photo : SSA

xwr: xu,j.y 9wr Z;oyrmb @)2@@2#QQ+X 9uh';yh'6ory ]w9


: rw ]C'ry

rFefjvlrf; xkufbcDj wluf;v.uf;rmefj

*Gif0SufxJtuGuf0if

pkh,;yrd,y

06,yrd6b9yrl6bdyr

awKjpkh,;yrd,

y UN

OPEN SOCIETY INSTITUTE


Supported by a grant from Foundation Open Society Institute (Zug)

40 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

& Soros Foundations Network

You might also like