Engineering Mechanics Statics For 1st Year Students Mechanic Department

1st & 2nd Week

2008 - 2009
By : Eng . YOUNIS FAKHER

Resolution & Composition of a force

EngineeringMechanics:maybedefinedasasciencewhichdescribesandpredictsthe
conditionofrestormotionofbodiesundertheactionofforces.

Vector & Scalar quantities :

Vectorquantities:arethequantitieswhichhavemagnitudeanddirection.suchas:
Force,weight,distance,speed,displacement,acceleration,velocity.
Scalarquantities:arethequantitieswhichhaveonlymagnitude,suchas:
Time,size,sound,density,light,volume.

Force :
A"force"isanactionthatchanges,ortendstochange,thestateofmotionofthe
body upon which it acts. It is a vector quantity that can be represented either
mathematicallyorgraphically
AcompletedescriptionofaforceMUSTincludeits:
1. MAGNITUDE
2. DIRECTIONandSENSE
3. POINTOFACTION

Resolution & Composition of a force :

Lettheforce(F)showninfig.(1)withthedirection()
Wecanresolvethisforceintotwocomponents:
1 horizontalcomponent(Fx)whichliesonxaxis
2 verticalcomponent(Fy)whichliesonyaxis
asshowninfig.(2)

fig.(1)
1

Engineering Mechanics Statics For 1st Year Students Mechanic Department

1st & 2nd Week
2008 - 2009
By : Eng . YOUNIS FAKHER
fromfig.(2):
The horizontal component may be
determinedas:
Fx= F.cos
The vertical component may be
determinedas:
Fy=F.sin

EX(1):
Find the two components of the force ( 100 N ) if : = 30o , 120o , 270o
fig.(2)
Solution:
=30o:
Fx=F.cos
=100*cos30
=100*

3
=50 3 N
2

Fy=F.sin
=100*sin30
=100*0.5=50N
=120o:
Fx=F.cos
=100*cos120
=100*(0.5)=50N
Fy=F.sin
=100*sin120
=100*

3
=50 3 N
2

=270o:
Fx=F.cos
=100*cos270
=100*(0)=0
Fy=F.sin
=100*sin270
=100*(1)=100N
2

Engineering Mechanics Statics For 1st Year Students Mechanic Department

1st & 2nd Week
2008 - 2009
By : Eng . YOUNIS FAKHER
EX(2):
Thedirectionoftheforce(P)is(30O),Findthehorizontalcomponentifthevertical
componentis(30N)?
Solution:
Fromthediagramshown:
Fy=30N
Fy=F.sin
30=P*sin30
30=P*0.5
P=30/0.5=60N
Fx=F.cos
=60*cos30=60*

3
=30 3 N
2

Composition of a force :

Let we have ( Fx ) is the horizontal component and

( Fy ) is the vertical component for the force ( F )
showninfig.
FromtheshapeABCweget:
AC2=AB2+BC2
F2=Fx2+Fy2

F = ( Fx) 2 + ( Fy) 2

Determination of the direction of a force :

Thedirectionofaforcecanbedeterminedby:
= tan - 1 (

Fy
)
Fx

EX(3):
Determinethemagnitude anddirectionof aforce (P) ,ifthe horizontaland vertical
componentsare(20N),(40N)respectively?
Solution:
Wehave:Fx=20N,Fy=40N, F = ( Fx) 2 + ( Fy ) 2

F = (20) 2 + (40) 2 = 400 + 1600 = 20000 = 44.72 N

= tan -1 (

Fy
40
) = tan -1 ( ) = 63.43o
Fx
20
3

Engineering Mechanics Statics For 1st Year Students Mechanic Department

1st & 2nd Week
2008 - 2009
By : Eng . YOUNIS FAKHER
EX(4):
Thelineofactionofthe(300N)forcerunsthroughthe
points(A)and(B)asshowninfig.Determinethe(X)
and(Y)scalarcomponentsof(F).

Solution:

L
L

AB
AC

= (7 8) 2 + (2 6) 2 = 17
= (7 8) 2 = 15

L
= (6 + 2) 2 = 8
BC
15
Fx = F .cos = 300 * = 264.7 N
17
8
Fy = F .sin = 300 * = 141.2 N
17

PROBLEMS
1Determineapairofhorizontalandverticalcomponentsof
the(340N)force?

2Determinethehorizontal&verticalcomponentsofthe
force(200N)?

Engineering Mechanics Statics For 1st Year Students Mechanic Department

1st & 2nd Week
2008 - 2009
By : Eng . YOUNIS FAKHER

3Resolvethe(100N)forceintohorizontalandvertical
componentsforeachofthefollowingvaluesof():
a20ob80oc240od210o

4Thehorizontalcomponentoftheforce(F)is(60N)to
the right through the original point . Determine the
verticalcomponentandthemagnitudeof(F)?

5 The body on the ( 30o ) incline is acted upon by a force

( P ) inclined at ( 20o ) with the horizontal . if ( P ) is
resolvedintocomponentsparallelandperpendicularto
the incline and the value of the parallel component is
(300N),Computethevalueoftheperpendicular,and
of(P)?

6 The Y component of the force ( F )

which a person exerts on the handle
oftheboxwrenchisknowntobe(70
N ) .Determine the ( X ) component ,
andthemagnitudeof(F).
Ans:Fx=29.5N,F=75.8N

Engineering Mechanics Statics For 1st Year Students Mechanic Department

1st & 2nd Week
2008 - 2009
By : Eng . YOUNIS FAKHER

7 Determine the components of the ( 2 KN ) force

alongtheobliqueaxes(a)and(b).Determine
theprojectionsof(F)ontotheaandbaxes.

10:Writewhetherthefollowingquantitiesarevectorsorscalars:
Force,sound,density,velocity,weight,time,mass,acceleration,light,area
11:Determinetheangle()andlocatetheforceonthecoordinateswhen:
Fx=Fy,Fx=Fy,Fx=Fy,Fx=Fy