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1. iu%kin:% cos x 0 x

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x = k2

cos x =1

%
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1 x = + k2 .%%
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sin x =

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Ch%.%C%th%gii%bng%pp%hm%s.%%
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th%tch%khi%trn%xoay%khi%quay%S%quanh%trc%honh.%%
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V%vy%%
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V = (x 3x +1) (4x + 3) dx = (x 1)(x + 2)(x 2 7x + 4) dx

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A = z12 z 22 .%%%

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Suy%ra% z = 3+ 2i; z = 4 i .%
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V%vy% A = (3+ 2i) 2 (4 i) 2 = (512i) (158i) = 10 + 4i = 2 29 .%%%%
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Tm%gi%tr%nh%nht%ca%biu%thc% P = a(b c)5 + b(c a)5 + c(a b)5 .%
Ta%c%%

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P = (a b)(b c)(c a)(a 3 + b 3 + c 3 + ab(a + b) + bc(c + a) + ca(c + a) 9abc)

1

2
= (a b)(b c)(c a) (a + b + c)3 + (a 3 + b 3 + c 3 ) 11abc
.%
3

2
1
= (a b)(b c)(c a) (a 3 + b 3 + c 3 ) 11abc +
3
3

Trc%tin%chuyn%v%biu%thc%i%xng%3%bin%%d%x%l.%
Ly%tr%tuyt%i%ta%c:%
2
1
P = (a b)(b c)(c a) . (a 3 + b 3 + c 3 ) + 11abc
3
3
2
1
(a b)(b c)(c a) . (a 3 + b 3 + c 3 ) +
3
3

.%

Bi%v%%
3

a + b + c
1
= ;
0 abc

3
27

.%
2 3
1
2
1
1
(a + b 3 + c 3 ) + 11abc .3abc + 11abc = 9abc 0
3
3
3
3
3
Ta%i%tm%gi%tr%ln%nht%ca% P %khi%%a,b,c%vai%tr%nh%nhau%kt%hp%vi%gi%thit%nn%ta%c%
th%gi%s% a b c .%
(a b)(b c)(a c) 3
2(a + b 3 + c 3 ) +1 .%
Khi%% P

3
+%Ta%c%cc%nh%gi%c%bn:%
(a b)(b c)(a c) ab(a b) b(1b)(1 2b);

2(a 3 + b 3 + c 3 ) = 2b 3 + 2(a 3 + c 3 ) 2b 3 + 2(a + c)3 = 2b 3 + 2(1b)3

Suy%ra%%

b(1b)(1 2b)(2b 3 + 2(1b)3 +1) b(1b)(1 2b)(2b 2 2b +1)

=
.%
3
3
1
Ch%.%iu%kin% a 7.max {b,c };a + b + c =1 b 0; .%
8

2
b(1b)(1 2b)(2b 2b +1)
Xt%hm%s% f (b) =
trn%on%[0;1/8]%ta%c%
3
f '(b) = 20b 4 40b 3 + 30b 2 10b +1;
1 .%
%
f ''(b) = 80b 3 120b 2 + 60b 10 = 40b 2 (2b 3) +10(6b 1) < 0,b 0;
8

1 149
Suy%ra% f '(b) f =
> 0 .%V%vy%f(b)%ng%bin%trn%on%[0;1/8]%.%%
8 1024
P

1 525
1
7
525
525
Suy%ra% P f =
.%Du%bng%t%ti% b = ;c = 0;a = .%

P
8 8192
8
8
8192
8192

Vy%gi%tr%nh%nht%ca%P%bng%525/8192.%%
Ch%.%Cu%hi%t%ra%l%ti%sao%phn%tch%c%P%nh%trn.%Nhn%thy%khi% a = b = c P = 0 .%
Do%%P%c%cc%nhn%t% (a b)(b c)(c a) .%Ni%thm%c%th%khng%cn%iu%kin%
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a 7.max {b,c } .%Vic%chn%thm%iu%kin%ny%ch%nhm%mc%nh%bi%ton%c%kt%qu%p.%

Dng%ton%ny%bn%c%tham%kho%cun%K$thut$gii$Bt$ng$thc$bi$ton$Min8Max%
cng%tc%gi.%%rn%luyn%bn%c%th%sc%vi%bi%ton%mc%%va%phi%%sau%
Bi%ton.%Cho%a,b,c%l%cc%s%thc%khng%m%tho%mn% a + b + c =1 .%Tm%gi%tr%ln%nht%v%nh%
nht%ca%biu%thc% P = a(b c)3 + b(c a)3 + c(a b)3 .%%
nh%gi%chung%v%%thi%v%bi%lm%ca%hc%sinh%cho%%s%01/50:%%
Lu$:%Phn%nh%gi%ny%da%vo%phn%hi%ca%hc%sinh%khi%lm%bi.%
%thi%%mc%tng%i%kh%vi%a%s%th%sinh%v%nu%khng%c%cch%trnh%by%tt%s%
khng%c%%thi%gian%%lm%cc%cu%kh.%Cc%cu%t%cu%1%n%7.1%%cho%mc%%va%phi%
ring%c%cu%1.3%;%cu%2.2%v%cu%5%i%hi%t%duy.%Vi%cu%2.2%cn%so%snh%nghim%vi%0%(c%th%
xt%hm%s%tuy%nhin%di).%Cu%5%i%hi%cc%em%phi%t%duy%phn%chia%tp%hp%10%s%thnh%3%
loi%%vi%s%d%khi%chia%cho%3.%Ch%%nu%yu%cu%thay%i%chia%cho%m%th%ta%phn%chia%tp%hp%
thnh%cc%loi%vi%s%d%khi%chia%cho%m%(c%th%gii%bng%pp%lit%k%s%kt%qu%%tuy%nhin%khi%
tng%s%ln%quay%ln%3,4,%ln%th%s%di%th%theo%li%gii%trn%ta%c%cch%gii%ti%u)%.%y%l%
mt%bi%ton%cng%tng%t%nh%khi%tung%ng%thi%cc%con%xc%sc%vy.%Tuy%nhin%thy%thy%
mt%s%bn%trnh%by%cch%di%do%vy%chim%phn%ln%thi%gian%%gii%quyt%cc%cu%ny%m%
cha%c%thi%gian%tp%trung%suy%ngh%cc%bi%kh%t%(7.2%n%9).%Cu%7.2%nt%tht%quan%trng%
ca%bi%ton%l%pht%hin%IN=IA.%Cu%s%8%v%h%phng%trnh%s%kh%l%vi%nhiu%bn.%Hu%
ht%tm%c%x^2+y^2=4%t%phng%trnh%u%tuy%nhin%khng%x%l%c%v%cn%li(chim%
80%%s%im%ca%cu%hi)%%Bng%k%nng%bin%i%kt%hp%nh%gi%c%bn%ta%c%kt%qu%bi%
ton.%Ch%%thm%cu%8%l%iu%kin%x>=0%v%y>=1%l%cn%thit%%hon%thin%li%gii%cho%h%
(1).%Ring%cu%s%3%mt%s%bn%mc%sai%lm%%cng%thc%tnh%th%tch%khi%trn%xoay%v%im%
ny%cc%em%cn%lu%.%Cu%9%thy%xut%pht%t%mt%%tng%c%+%bi%ton%mi%tuy%nhin%i%
hi%kho%lo%trong%qu%trnh%tip%cn%v%hiu%%n%trnh%by%li%gii.%%
Cu%trc%%cho%%s%01/50%
Nhn%bit,%thng%hiu:%Cu%1.1;1.2;2.1;3;4(chim%8%im/20%im%=40%)%
Vn%dng:%1.3;%2.2;%5;%6;%7.1%(7,5%im/20%im%=37,5%)%
Vn%dng%cao:%7.2;8;9%(4,5%im/20%im%=22,5%)%
Thy%d%on%mc%%nhn%bit,%thng%hiu%nm%nay%chim%50S60%.%Tuy%nhin%v%l%%luyn%nn%
thy%s%gi%%mc%%cao%hn%mt%cht%khong%40S50%.%
Mc%im%trong%khong%14k16%im%s%t%yu%cu.%
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Qua%y%c%mt%kinh%nghim%l%cc%loi%ton%quen%thuc%cc%em%c%gng%hon%thin%
li%gii%theo%hng%ti%u%%tit%kim%thi%gian%lm%bi.%%lm%c%iu%ny%i%hi%cc%
em%cn%rn%luyn%ngay%t%by%gi%bng%cch%gii%chi%tit%+%suy%ngh%m%rng%cc%hng%c%
th%tip%cn%bi%ton%+%theo%di%kho%hc%st%sao%%gii%%ngay%khi%%c%pht%hnh%vi%
vic%cn%thi%gian%lm%bi%ng%180%pht.%Sau%%so%snh%p%n%chi%tit%km%Video%thy%
pht%hnh%sau%!%%%%
Chc$cc$em$c$kt$qu$tt$trong$cc$$tip$theo!$
Thn$i!$
ng$H$Ni$ngy$22.01.2015$
ng$Thnh$Nam$

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