CODE OF PRACTICE

ON
SANITARY PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM

CONTENTS

APPENDUM NO 1 (Sep 97)

INTRODUCTION

PART I : SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM

PART II : SANITARY PLUMBING SYSTEM

PART III : SANITARY APPLIANCE/FITTING

PART IV : SANITARY APPLIANCE AND MATERIAL

PART V : PROCEDURE FOR APPLICATION TO CARRY OUT SANITARY PLUMBING

AND DRAINAGE WORKS

PART VI : APPENDICES
a. STANDARD DRAWINGS ON SANITARY PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE
SYSTEM

b. STANDARD FORMS FOR SANITARY PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE WORKS

c. LIST OF STANDARD METRIC DRAWING AVALIABLE FOR SALE

CODE OF PRACTICE
ON
SANITARY PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM
(3rd Edition -Feb 90 and 4th Reprint - May 97)

ADDENDUM NO. 1
(Sep 1997)

This addendum shall be read in conjunction with the Code of Practice on Sanitary Plumbing and Drainage
System (3rd Edition- Feb 90 and 4th Reprint - May 97) and shall form part of the Code of Practice.

*
S/No.

Part /Page No

Part I /page 1

Clause /
Appendix
Drawing
No

Insert new Clause 1.2 after Clause 1.1

Clause
1.2

Part I/ page 4

Part I/page 4

-Every floor/gully trap intended to receive sullage water

shall be located within covered areas and designed such that
it will not allow ingress of rain-water into the sanitary
drainage system. The floor/gully trap shall be fixed with a
frame and a grating at least 5 mm below the paved floor.
The floor surrounding such gully trap shall be sloped
towards the trap.
Replace the existing Clause 6.9 with the following:

Clause
6.9

-Sanitary drainage system shall be designed to convey only

sewage. Rain-water is to be channelled to surface stormwater drain.
Replace the existing Clauses 6.3 with the following :

Clause
6.3

Amendments /corrections

Part I /page 7

- In accordance with the Vector Control & Research

Department's requirement for prevention of mosquito
breeding, every floor/ gully trap fixed with perforated cover
shall be provided with an approved anti-mosquito device so
as to prevent mosquitoes from gaining access to breed in the
water seal in the floor/ gully through the holes at the
perforated cover.
Replace the existing Clause 11.2 with the following:

Clause
11.2

- Every wash area shall be constructed in concrete not less

than 75mm thick with a curb 75mm by 75mm all round.
Rain-water from the surrounding shall not discharge into it.

S/No.

Part /Page
No

Part I/ page
8

Clause /
Appendix
Drawing
No

Amendments /corrections

Replace the existing Clause 13.1 with the following:

Clause
13.1

(a)-All sullage water from covered wash areas, refuse chutes,

bin centres, markets, basement car parks and other like
places of any building shall be discharged into the sewerage
system. Floor/gully trap shall be provided in such areas and
connected to an inspection chamber. For basement car parks,
the area shall be laid in falls to floor/gully trap so that the
run is not more than 5 metres to each floor/gully trap. Where
additional drainage outlets are required, floor wastes may be
provided. In such cases, the floor wastes shall be connected to
floor traps before connection to the sanitary plumbing and
drainage system. At the entrance to the areas as mentioned
above, a ramp shall be provided to prevent ingress of rainwater from the surrounding floor into the sewerage system.
(b)-The drainage system serving common corridors, common
verandahs, covered play areas/ void decks (except wash
areas), multi-storey car parks (except car washing areas),
open car park ramp, pump islands at petrol stations, open
shower points in public and private swimming pools, open
areas in back-yards/courtyards/airwells and other uncovered
paved areas within premises where rain-water flows are
expected shall be connected to surface storm-water drains.

Part II /
page 10

Clause
1.3

Replace " fourteen storeys" with "twenty five storeys"

Part II /
page 11

Clause
2.3.1

Replace " fourteen storeys" with "twenty five storeys"

Part II/
page 11

Clause
2.3.5

Insert " fifteenth, eighteenth and twenty-first " after "twelfth"

Part II/
page 13

10

Part II/
page 13

Insert new Clause 3.2.13 after Clause 3.2.13

Clause
3.2.13

- Every discharge pipe shall also not be located in places

where it can give rise to nuisance conditions during
maintenance. In particular, for buildings under the Land
Titles (Strata) Act, discharge pipes shall not run above
bedrooms, living room, dining room or kitchen areas of the
strata unit below. Where such routing cannot be avoided,
suitably designed service duct to allow access for
maintenance shall be provided.
Insert new Clause 3.3.5 after Clause 3.3.4

Clause

-In the case of multi-storey buildings of 7 storeys or higher,

3.3.5

an additional cross venting pipe shall be provided between

the main and secondary discharge stack at a position of at
least 300mm above the finished first storey floor level.

S/No.

Part /Page No

Clause /
Appendix
Drawing
No

Amendments /corrections

11

Part II /
page 14

Clause
3.5.3

Insert " of 7-storey or higher " after "multi-storey buildings"

12

Part III/
page 17

13

Part III /
page 18

Replace the existing Clause 3.1.1 with the following:

Clause
3.1.1

-Every water closet pan shall be of a design suitable for use

with low capacity WC flushing cisterns of up to 4.5 litres
maximum capacity and shall conform to the functional
requirements and tests in the relevant Singapore Standards.
Insert new Clause 3.4.2 after Clause 3.4.1

Clause
3.4.2

-Every wall hung water closet pans for use in public toilets
shall be of a design suitable for use with 6-litre flush valves
and shall conform to the functional requirements and tests in
the relevant Singapore Standards.

14

Part III /
page 19

Clause
4.1.7

Amend "750 mm" to "600 mm"

15

Part III /
page 19

Clause
4.1.8

Replace the existing Clause 4.1.8 with the following:

Part III /
page 19

Clause
4.1.12

Insert new Clause 4.1.12 after Clause 4.1.11

Part III/

Clause
5.1.1

Replace the existing Clause 5.1.1 with the following:

page 20

18

Part III /
page 20

Clause
5.1.3

Insert " except when it is of a self supporting close-coupled

water closet suite" after "Every flushing cistern"

19

Part III /
page 20

Clause
5.3.1

Delete Clause 5.3.1

20

Part III/
page 21

Clause
6.2.3

Replace the existing Clause 6.2.3 with the following:

16

17

-Every individual urinal shall be operated by flush valve

which must be adjusted to give a flush of not less than 1.5
litres and not more than 2.5 litres.
-Individual urinal shall be more than 300 mm wide and the
collection area shall project from the wall by at least 300
mm.
-Every flushing cistern serving a water closet pan shall be of
the low capacity type capable of delivering an effective flush
of volume not more than 4.5 litres and shall conform to the
specifications, tests and installation requirements in the
relevant Singapore Standards.

-Every flush valve must be so adjusted to give a flush of not

less than 1.5 litres and not more than 2.5 litres of water for
individual urinal and not more than 6 litres of water for
water closet pan. The flush volume for each water closet pan

shall be adjusted to the minimum required for effective

cleansing of the pan.

S/No
.

Part /Page No

21

Part III/
page 22

Clause /
Appendix
Drawing
No

Amendments /corrections

Insert the following new clauses after Clause 6.2.10

Clause
6.2.11

- All automatic flushing devices shall be activated by sensors.

Automatic flushing devices that can be used are either :
a) Sensor devices/mechanisms that can activate an approved
manual flush valve; or
b) A fully integral sensor-operated flush valve.

Clause
6.2.12

- Each sensor unit shall only operate one flushing device for a
sanitary appliance. The sensor unit when installed shall not
be affected by the operation of adjacent sensor unit.
-The sensor unit shall be firmly installed on the wall fronting
the appliance. It should not be supported by the water pipe.

Clause
6.2.13

Clause
6.2.14
22

23

-The recommended height of sensor unit shall be at 750 mm

above the rim level for oriental water closet pan and at 500
mm above the rim level for other types of water closet pan
and it shall not be affected by the WC seat and cover when
they are at raised position.

Part III /
page25

Clause
10.12

Insert new Clause 10.12 after Clause 10.11:

Part III /
page 25

Clause
11.2

Replace the existing Clause 11.2 with the following:

- In accordance with the Vector Control & Research

Department's requirement for prevention of mosquito
breeding, every floor/ gully trap fixed with perforated cover
shall be provided with an approved anti-mosquito device so as
to prevent mosquitoes from gaining access to breed in the
water seal in the floor/ gully through the holes at the
perforated cover.
- The minimum internal diameter of the floor waste shall be
50 mm. However, where the floor waste also serve a waste
sanitary appliance, the minimum internal diameter shall be
75 mm.

THE SANITARY PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM

REGULATIONS, 1976

CODE OF PRACTICE
ON
SANITARY PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION

The Code of Practice on Sanitary Plumbing and Drainage System, issued under regulation 3 of The
Sanitary Plumbing and Drainage System Regulations, 1976 shall be complied with by Professional
Engineers, Registered Architects and Registered Plumbers for the design, installation and execution of all
sanitary plumbing and drainage works.
The requirements under this Code are supplemental to The Sanitary Plumbing and Drainage System
Regulations, 1976. They do not exhaustively cover all aspects of the design and construction of sanitary
plumbing and drainage works but only set out the minimum requirements.
This edition incorporates changes in design and construction based on recent experiences and practices.
This Code of Practice may be amended and revised from time to time.

Sewerage Department
Ministry of the Environment
Singapore

THE SANITARY PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM

REGULATIONS, 1976

CODE OF PRACTICE
ON
SANITARY PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION

The Code of Practice on Sanitary Plumbing and Drainage System, issued under regulation 3 of The
Sanitary Plumbing and Drainage System Regulations, 1976 shall be complied with by Professional
Engineers, Registered Architects and Registered Plumbers for the design, installation and execution of all
sanitary plumbing and drainage works.
The requirements under this Code are supplemental to The Sanitary Plumbing and Drainage System
Regulations, 1976. They do not exhaustively cover all aspects of the design and construction of sanitary
plumbing and drainage works but only set out the minimum requirements.
This edition incorporates changes in design and construction based on recent experiences and practices.
This Code of Practice may be amended and revised from time to time.

Sewerage Department
Ministry of the Environment
Singapore

CODE OF PRACTICE
ON
SANITARY PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM
PART I : SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM

1.

Design and Layout of Sanitary Drainage System (1)

1.1

2.

The design and layout of the sanitary drainage system shall be as simple and direct as
practicable for the proper conveyance of sewage within the premises for discharge to the
sewerage system

Branch drain-line (1),(2)&(3)

2.1
2.2

Every branch drain-line shall have a minimum diameter of 100 mm.

The depth of every branch drain-line connected directly into an inspection chamber
shall not exceed 1.5 metres where practicable. Where the depth exceeds 1.5 metres, an
additional inspection chamber may be required. Alternatively a tumbling bay or
backdrop may be made provided the size of the branch drain-line is at least 150 mm
diameter.

2.3

The distance from the inlet of the branch drain-line to the inspection chamber shall not
exceed 10 metres where practicable. If the distance is required to be extended, the
maximum distance shall not exceed 20 metres provided the size of the branch drain-line
is at least 150 mm diameter.
Every branch drain-line shall be connected obliquely in the same direction of flow as the
main drain-line within the inspection chamber by means of curved vitrified clay channel
bedded in concrete and finished with a benching sloping 1 in 6 to 1 in 10 upwards to
meet the wall of the inspection chamber.
Every branch drain-line shall be laid in a straight run with a constant gradient and shall
be water-tight.
Every branch drain-line shall have flexible pipe joint.
Every branch drain-line shall be laid using the same material throughout its entire
length.
The invert of the branch drain-line entering the inspection chamber shall be connected
above the horizontal diameter of the main channel.
The gradient of branch drain-lines shall be as follows except where otherwise required.

2.4

2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8.
2.9

Diameter of branch

Maximum Gradient

Allowable Gradient

drain line

Upstream of Backdrop/

in other Cases

Tumbling Bay

3.

100mm

1 in 2o to
1 in 60

150mm

1 in 70

1 in 30 to
1 in 90

225mm

1 in 90

1 in 40 to
1 in 150

Main Drain-line (1)&(4)

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5

3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9

Every main drain-line shall have a minimum diameter of 150 mm

The maximum distance of main drain-line between inspection chambers shall not
exceed 50 metres
Every main drain-line shall be laid in a straight run with constant gradient between
inspection of the main drain-line.
An inspection chamber shall be provided for every change in direction and every
change in gradient.
Where there is any significant difference in invert levels between inspection chambers,
a backdrop or tumbling bay connection shall be made between the inspection
chambers. The backdrop or tumbling bay shall be constructed in accordance with the
Sewerage Department's Standard Drawing. An in-drop connection shall only be used
with the prior approval of the Director.
Every main drain-line shall have flexible pipe joints.
Every main drain-line between inspection chambers shall be of the same diameter and
laid using the same material throughout its entire length
The gradient of main drain-lines shall be as follows except where otherwise required.
No main drain-line shall be sited within road reserve, public road, service road,
backlane or drainage reserve

Diameter of branch

Maximum Gradient

Allowable Gradient

drain line

Upstream of Backdrop/

in other Cases

Tumbling Bay

4.

150mm

1 in 70

1 in 30 to
1 in 90

225mm

1 in 90

1 in 40 to
1 in 150

Drain-line under Building (5)

4.1

No drain-line shall pass under any building except where an alternative route is

4.2
4.3
4.4

5.

Drain-line under Driver-way and Car-park(5)

5.1

5.2

6.

Every drain-line under drive-way or car-park shall be laid in heavy duty cast iron pipe
or ductile iron pipe and shall be bedded and encased in concrete of at least 100 mm
thickness
Where the depth from the top of the drain-line to the ground level exceeds 1.4 metres
other pipes except uPVC pipe may be used and shall be completely embedded in
concrete to a thickness of at least 100 mm all round.

Inlet to Drain-line(6)
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5

6.6
6.7
6.8

6.9

7.

impracticable.
Where a drain-line passes under a building, it shall be laid in a straight run for the
whole distance and shall be surrounded in concrete at least 100 mm thickness
Where a drain-line is to be encased within the basement floor slab, it shall be of heavy
duty cast iron pipe or ductile
Where a drain-line passes through the basement wall, it shall be of heavy duty cast iron
pipe or ductile iron pipe. The joint through the wall shall be designed to ensure water
tightness and accommodate any differential movement.

Every inlet to the drain-line shall be properly trapped and capable of maintaining a
water seal of not less than 50 mm
Proper means of access shall be provided for the purpose of maintenance.
Every gully trap and inspection chamber shall be located outside the building proper
but under cover wherever practicable.
Every gully trap shall be embedded in concrete to a thickness of at least 100 mm all
round.
Every gully trap shall be fixed as near the floor level as practicable and the depth
from the floor level to the bottom of the trap, including the depth of any riser if
required, shall not exceed 600 mm. Where the depth exceeds 600 mm, it shall be
housed within a sump of at least 900 mm x 700 mm. The gully sump shall be covered
with removable precast concrete slabs or chequered plates. However, the maximum
depth of gully trap from the bottom of sump shall be maintained at 600 mm.
Every waste discharge pipe shall be connected to a gully trap at the riser below the
grating and above the water seal of the trap
Where a riser is provided to a gully trap, it, shall be made of uPVC or other approved
piping material to provide a smooth and even finish.
Where a gully trap is sited in a location where it is likely to receive rain-water or on
unpaved ground, it shall be fixed with a gully frame and an unperforated cover flap at
least 20 mm above the ground or floor level to prevent ingress of rain-water. The floor
surrounding the raised gully trap shall be sloped away from the trap.
Where the gully trap is intended to receive sullage water, it shall be fixed with a gully
frame and grating at least 5mm below the paved floor. The floor surrounding such
gully trap shall be sloped towards the trap.

Excavation

7.1

7.2

7.3
7.4
7.5

8.

Bedding, Haunching and Backfilling to Drain-line (5)&(7)

8.1

8.2

8.3
8.4
8.5

8.6

9.

Every trench excavation shall be properly timbered to support the walls thereof from
collapsing and shall comply with the provisions in The Building Operations and
Works of Engineering Construction Regulations.
Where the trench excavation is contiguous to a public tboroughfare or where it would
constitute a danger or hazard to the safety of the public or to any adjoining property,
every precaution shall be taken against accidents occurring.
Adequate appropriate warning signs shall be displayed conspicuously.
Adequate flashing warning lights shall be displayed at night.
Where pipejacking is required, details of such work shall be submitted by a
Professional Engineer prior to commencement of work.

Where the cover depth is between 0.6 metres and 2.0 metres and on firm ground, every
drainline of cast iron or ductile iron pipe shall be laid on granular bedding (Type '1'
bedding). However, every drain-line of uPVC, vitrified clay or reinforced concrete pipe
shall be bedded in concrete at least 100 mm thick and properly haunched in concrete to
at least 100 mm on either side of the pipe (Type '2' bedding).
Where the cover depth is less than 0.6 metres or more than 2.0 metres and on firm
ground, every drain-line of uPVC, vitrified clay or reinforced concrete pipe shall be
encased in concrete of minimum thickness 100 mm (Type '3' bedding). However, every
drain-line of cast iron or ductile iron pipe shall be bedded in concrete at least 100 mm
thick and properly haunched in concrete to at least 100 mm on either side of the pipe
(Type '2' bedding).
On soft or yielding ground, every drain-line shall be provided with the same bedding
as for firm ground except bat the bedding shall be founded on 'bakau' piles.
Granular material for bedding of flexible jointed pipes shall be of such size ranging
from 3 mm to 12 mm or a free running coarse sand.
Selected fill material, free from lumps exceeding 75 mm in size and from stones, shall
be placed over the pipes and compacted in layers not exceeding 150 mm in depth to a
height of 300 mm above the top of the pipes. The rest of the trench shall then be
backfilled to the surrounding level with ordinary fill material properly compacted.
Break joint for concrete bedding and haunching shall be provided along every drainline at intervals not exceeding 6 metres.

Inspection Chamber and Ventilation (8)

9.1
9.2

9.3

Every inspection chamber of the sanitary drainage system shall have a minimum
depth of 750 mm from surface level wherever practicable
The first inspection chamber shall be provided with a ventilating stack or not less
than 100 mm in diameter. The ventilating stack shall have an untrapped opening in
the inspection chamber and no bend or angle, except where unavoidable, shall be
formed in any such stack. However, ventilating stack for the first inspection chamber
need not be provided for guard house and bin centre.
A discharge stack at the first inspection chamber shall constitute a suf6cient opening

9.4

9.5
9.6

9.7

9.8

9.9

9.10

9.11

9.12
9.13

9.14

9.15
9.16

10.

Testing
10.1
10.2
10.3

11.

for such ventilation.

On firm ground, the inspection chamber shall be constructed on a base of concrete at
least 150 mm thick and such base shall extend at least 150 mm beyond the external
walls of the inspection chamber.
On soft or yielding ground, the inspection chamber shall be constructed on a piled
foundation and a base of reinforced concrete.
Every inspection chamber shall have minimum internal dimensions of 900 mm in
length and 700 mm in width. The length and width shall be increased accordingly
depending on the number of branch drain-line connected or to be connected to the
inspection chamber and the depth of such inspection chamber.
The internal dimensions of every inspection chamber shall not exceed 1350 mm in
length and 1350 mm in width. Where the dimensions exceed 1350 mm, an
additional inspection chamber shall be provided
Brickwork for the inspection chamber shall be laid in English bond in level courses
and set in cement mortar. The internal and external walls shall be rendered with
cement mortar.
The inspection chamber shall be roofed with a reinforced concrete slab of not less
than 150 mm thick in all areas and provided with an opening which shall be 6tted
with an air-tight frame and cover. Heavy duty cast iron frame and cover shall be
used in every drive-way and car-park.
Where the inspection chamber is more than 2.5 metres deep but not exceeding 6.0
metres, it shall be constructed in precast concrete sections with 150 mm thick
concrete surround and in accordance with the Sewerage Department's Standard
Drawings for minor sewer.
Where the inspection chamber exceeds 6.0 metres deep, details of such chamber
shall be submitted by a Professional Engineer for approval prior to commencement
of work.
Every branch/main channel shall be of half-round channel in vitrified clay
The depth of the channel shall not be less than the diameter of the drain-line. Branch
drain-line shall be connected to the main drain-line at a level of not less than half
the diameter of the main drain-line.
No inspection chamber shall be sited within the areas where food is prepared,
cooked, stored or served; or other areas where they are likely to give rise to nuisance
conditions.
The last inspection chamber shall be located within 2.5 metres of the lot boundary.
No inspection chamber shall be sited within 2.5 metres of the top or bottom of an
embankment.

Every drain-line laid shall be water - tight and subjected to a water test under a static
head of not less than 1 metre of water at the upstream end of the line.
The said water test shall be applied after laying and before placing concrete for
haunching or encasing. Any leakage in the drain-line shall be rectified
Every inspection chamber shall be water-tight and subjected to a water test.

Wash Area(9)
11.1

Every wash area where provided shall be roofed over. Rain-water run-off from the

11.2

11.3

12.

Provision of Grease Trap for Eating Establishments (10)

12.1
12.2
12.3

12.4

13.

surrounds of the wash area shall not be discharged into it.

Every wash area shall be constructed in concrete not less than 75 mm thick with a
curb 75 mm by 75 mm all round and rendered smooth with cement mortar or other
impervious material. Alternatively, instead of a curb, the wash area may be recessed
The recess shall not be less than 75; mm below the surface of the surrounding or
adjacent floor.
Every wash area shall be provided with either a floor trap connecting to gully trap or
a gully trap connecting directly to an inspection chamber.

Every eating establishment, food centre and other like places shall be provided with
grease trap.
Every grease trap shall not be sited within areas where food is prepared, cooked
stored or served
On the first storey level, sufficient cast iron floor traps shall be provided and
connected to a screen chamber and a grease trap before connection to the inspection
chamber (see Appendix 10).
On the upper storey level, a separate cast iron discharge pipe and stack of at least
100 mm diameter shall be provided. Sufficient cast iron floor traps shall be provided
and connected to the cast iron discharge pipe and stack. The discharge stack shall be
extended to serve as ventilating stack but may be reduced to 75 mm diameter and
either extended to the roof or connected into nearby ventilating stack. The discharge
stack shall be connected to a screen chamber and grease trap prior to connection to
the inspection chamber.

Provision for Sullage Water Discharge (11)&(12)

13.1

13.2

13.3

Common corridors, common verandahs, covered play areas, covered car parks,
refuse chutes, bin centres, markets and other like places of any building where
sullage water flows, shall be recessed below the surrounding or adjacent floors or
curbed up. Such areas shall be laid in falls to floor trap/gully trap so that the run is
not more than 5 metres to each floor trap/gully trap. Where additional drainage
outlets are required, floor waste may be provided. In such case, the floor waste shall
be connected to a floor trap before connection to the sanitary plumbing and drainage
system
On the first storey level, sufficient floor traps and a cast iron gully trap with an
aluminum alloy strainer bucket (Standard Drawing ENV/SEW/76/113 & 83) housed
within a sump shall be provided before connection to an inspection chamber (See
Appendix 12).
On the upper storey level, the floor traps shall be connected to a separate sullage
water discharge stack of at least 100 mm diameter. The sullage water discharge stack
shall be connected to a cast iron gully trap with an aluminum alloy strainer bucket
housed within a sump at first storey level before connection to an inspection
chamber. Similarly where there are several sullage water discharge stacks, sumps are
to be provided at every change in direction to collect and direct the sullage water to

an inspection chamber. However, the last sump prior to connection to the inspection
chamber shall be provided with a gully trap with strainer as stipulated above (See
Appendix 11).

14.

Sump for Sullage Water Drainage (6)&(11)

14.1
14.2

14.3

15.

Provision of Silt Trap for Shower/Bathroom Compartment at Beach Site/Construction Site (13)
15.1

16.

Waste water from shower/bathroom compartment/wash area shall be discharged into

a silt trap before connection to an inspection chamber.

Sewer Connection
16.1
16.2

17.

Every sump for sullage water drainage system shall have a minimum depth of 450
mm from surface level to invert level where practicable
Every sump shall have a minimum internal dimensions of 600 mm in length and
600 mm in width. However, where a sump is required to accommodate a gully trap,
it shall be at least 900 mm x 700 mm. Sump shall be provided with main channel to
collect and convey sullage water from branch waste pipes. The sump shall be
provided with a slope of not less than 1 in 6 towards the main channel
Every sump of 600 mm x 600 mm shall be provided with cast iron frame and cover.
However, removable precast concrete slabs or chequered plates shall be provided for
sump of 900 mm x 700 mm to facilitate maintenance.

No uPVC pipe shall be used for sewer connection between the last inspection chamber
and the sewer/manhole.
Every sewer connection shall be construed in accordance with the Sewerage
Department's Standard Drawing ENV/SEW/76/11

Material and Component

17.1

General
17.1.
1

Subject to the foregoing and the requirements in Part IV, the following
materials are acceptable for use in sanitary drainage system viz
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

17.1.

uPVC
Heavy duty cast iron
Ductile iron
Vitrified clay
Reinforced concrete

A list of approved materials and components for use in sanitary drainage

17.2

system is available on application to the Sanitary Unit of the Sewerage

Department.

Pipe Joints
17.2.1
17.2.2
17.2.3

Every joint in a sanitary drainage system shall be made air-tight and watertight and shall remain so during use.
No jointing material shall protrude inside the bore of the pipe.
Pipes for sanitary drainage system shall be flexibly jointed by means of
rubber rings suitably designed to accommodate rubber ring seals such that
when the spigot is introduced the joint ring will be compressed to render
the joint air-tight and water-tight. Alternatively a coupling with rubber
rings suitably designed to ensure air and water tightness may be used.

**** Note : Numerals in parenthesis refer to the corresponding Appendices in Part VI ***

CODE OF PRACTICE
ON
SANITARY PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM
PART II: SANITARY PLUMBING SYSTEM

Design of Sanitary Plumbing System (14)(15)(16)&(17)

1.1

1.2
1.3

2.

The Sanitary plumbing system for any premises shall be designed to carry away sewage
and waste water from the building quickly so as not to create any nuisance or risk of
injury to health.
No sanitary plumbing system shall be used to convey rain-water.
The one pipe "fully ventilated system is recommended in the design of the sanitary
plumbing system. However, in the case or residential buildings where the sanitary
appliances are closely grouped around a discharge stack, the "single stack system" may
be adopted for buildings up to six storeys high and the "ventilated stack system" for
buildings up to twenty five storeys high.

Description of Sanitary Plumbing System

2.1

Fully Ventilated System (14)&(15)

2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.1.4

2.1.5

The fully ventilated system is used where there are large number of sanitary
appliances in range or where they have to be widely dispersed
Every discharge stack shall have a uniform diameter of not less than 100mm
throughout its entire length.
Where more than one trap is connected to a discharge stack, each trap shall
be provided with a branch ventilating pipe of not less than 50mm in diameter.
Every ventilating pipe shall be constructed upwards individually and be
connected to a main ventilating stack. Such connection shall be above the
spill over level of the soil sanitary appliance or floor trap served by such
ventilating pipe.
The top end of every main ventilating pipe or main ventilating stack shall
either terminate as high as the discharge stack or connect into the discharge
stack at a point not less than 150mm above the spill over level of the topmost
soil sanitary appliance or floor trap

2.1.6

2.1.7

2.2

Single Stack System (16)

2.2.1

2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4

2.3

The single stack system may be adopted where there are single appliances
connected to a discharge stack or where the sanitary appliances/fittings are
closely grouped round a discharge stack which is large enough to limit
pressure fluctuations without the need for a ventilating stack.
The single stack system may be adopted for residential buildings up to six
storeys high.
The main discharge stack shall have a uniform diameter of not less than
150mm without offset throughout its entire length.
The length of the discharge pipe connecting to the discharge stack shall not
be more than 2.5m and there shall be not more than two numbers of
connections made to the discharge pipe.

Ventilated Stack System (17)&(20)

2.3.1

2.3.2
2.3.3

2.3.4

2.3.5

3.

For multi-storey buildings of seven-storey or higher, the discharge pipe

serving the second storey shall be connected to a separate discharge stack of
diameter not less than 100mm. This stack shall be extended to serve as
ventilating stack but may be reduced to 75mm diameter.
Cross venting between the ventilating stack and the discharge stack shall be
provided at every ten storeys.

The ventilated stack system may be adopted in situations where there are
close grouping of sanitary appliances around the discharge stack in residential
buildings up to fourteen storeys high.
The main discharge stack shall have a uniform diameter of not less than
150mm throughout its entire length.
The length of a discharge pipe connecting to the discharge stack shall not be
more than 2.5m and there shall be not more than two numbers of connections
made to the discharge pipe.
A separate discharge stack of diameter not less than 100mm shall be provided
to serve the second and third storeys. This secondary discharge stack shall be
extended to serve as ventilating stack but may be reduced to 75mm diameter.
The ventilating stack shall either terminate as high as the discharge stack or
connect into the main discharge stack at a point not less than 150mm above
the spill over level of the topmost soil sanitary appliance or floor trap.
Cross venting between the ventilating stack and the discharge stack shall be
provided at third, ninth and twelfth storeys.

General
3.1

Trap
3.1.1

Every inlet to the discharged stack shall be properly trapped to prevent the

3.1.2
3.1.3
3.1.4

3.2

Discharge Pipe and Discharge Stack (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)&(20)

3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.2.5

3.2.6

3.2.7

3.2.8

3.2.9

3.2.10

3.2.11
3.2.12

3.3

entry of foul air from the drainage system into the building.
Every trap for soil sanitary appliance and floor trap shall have a water seal of
not less than 50mm.
Every trap with an outlet of less than 75 mm in diameter shall have a water
seal of not less than 75 mm.
Every trap shall be provided with access cover so as to facilitate cleaning.

Every discharge stack shall have a uniform diameter and be made of the
same material throughout its entire length.
Every discharge pipe conveying soil shall have a diameter of not less than
100 mm.
Every discharge pipe shall not be reduced in diameter in the direction of
flow.
Every discharge stack shall be extended through the roof to the atmosphere.
Every discharge pipe and discharge stack shall be fined with access covers,
bends, branches, junctions and other fittings for connections from the
sanitary appliances and floor traps.
In the case of the "fully ventilated system" and "ventilated stack system",
the discharge stack shall, as far as practicable, not form any offset
throughout its entire length. Where offset is to be made, large radius bends
of at least 200 mm radius shall be used and cross venting between the
ventilating stack and the discharge stack is required above and below the
offset.
Swept branch connections from discharge pipe to discharge stack are
recommended. Opposed discharge pipes without swept entries shall be at
least 200 mm apart so that the discharge from one branch into the other is
avoided
In the case of 'P' floor trap and water closet pan connected in series to the
same discharge pipe, a double 45 bend shall be incorporated between the
~' floor trap and the water closet pan to prevent backflow. Alternatively, a
'S' floor trap may be used without the double 45 bend.
Every access cover Shall be so fixed in a manner for easy access to facilitate
maintenance and also away from hidden comers. Access cover on the invert
of pipe shall be avoided. Access for rodding and testing shall be provided al
or near the foot of the discharge stack.
Every discharge pipe and discharge stack shall be securely supported or
fixed to the wall of a building. The pipe supports or fixing shall be properly
aligned and the distance between them shall not exceed 2.0 metres
vertically and 1.5 metres horizontally.
Where discharge pipe or stack passes through wall or floor, the joint
through the wall or floor shall be water-tight.
Every discharge pipe shall not be located above any potable water storage
tank and electrical transformer/switchgear.

Ventilating Pipe, Ventilating Stack and Cross Venting (20)

3.3.1
3.3.2

3.3.3

3.3.4

3.4

Termination of Discharge Stack and Ventilating Stack (14)(15)(16)&(17)

3.4.1

3.4.2

3.4.3

3.4.4

3.5

Every ventilating pipe shall be fixed as close to the crown of the trap as
practicable.
Every ventilating pipe shall be constructed upwards individually or be
connected to a main ventilating stack. Such connection shall be above the
spill over level of the soil sanitary appliance or floor trap served by such
ventilating pipe.
Where cross venting is to be provided, the cross connection shall be sloped
upwards from the discharge slack to prevent the entry of discharge water into
the ventilation system. This connection shall be of the same diameter as the
ventilating stack.
The lowest cross venting between the ventilating stack and the discharge
stack shall be fixed at a point not less than 225 mm below the lowest
discharge pipe connection.

The top end of every discharge stack shall be provided with a guard (i.e. wire
ball for cast iron ventilating stack and uPVC cowl for uPVC ventilating stack)
and extended not less than IS0 mm above the highest sloping roof or IS0 mm
above a flat roof without parapet, or in the case of a flat roof with a parapet to
the height of the parapet above the roof.
If a flat roof is used for any purpose other than as a covering to the building,
the discharge stack or the ventilating stack shall be extended at least 2.5
metres above roof level.
The top end of the discharge stack or ventilating stack above the roof shall be
at least 3 metres away from any window or opening of an adjoining building
in the horizontal direction so as to give efficient ventilation and prevent any
likelihood of contamination or nuisance to an adjoining building.
Where a stack passes through a roof the area surrounding the stack shall be
water-tight.

Connection of Discharge Stack to Branch Drain-line (19)

3.5.1

3.5.2

3.5.3

Every discharge stack shall be connected directly to the inspection chamber.

Where individual connections of discharge stacks are impracticable, a
common discharge pipe to serve the discharge stacks may be provided to suit
connection to a branch drain-line.
The bend at the base of a discharge stack (including secondary stack) shall be
of large radius, at least 200 mm radius to the centre line, but preferably two
45 large radius bends shall be used.
In the case of multi-storey buildings where both discharge and ventilating
stacks are to be connected to inspection chamber, the invert of the discharge
end of the ventilating stack shall be at least one diameter above that of the
discharge stack.

4.

Sewage Divertor, Sewage Ejector or Other Pumping Appliance

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5

5.

Access to Pipework Enclosure

5.1

5.2

6.

The sanitary plumbing system shall be tested either by means of an air test, smoke test
or water test for soundness of the installation.

Painting
7.1

8.

No pipe other than the ventilating pipe or ventilating stack and waste pipe shall be
encased in columns, beams, walls or floor slabs. Where the pipework is required to be
concealed, it shall be accommodated in an enclosure.
Pipework enclosures such as ducts or casings shall be of a suitable size and provided
with ready access for maintenance, painting, testing and cleaning.

Testing
6.1

7.

For wastes collected from canteen, cooked food centre and restaurant located below
surrounding ground level, sewage divertor shall be provided.
For domestic wastes collected below surrounding ground level, sewage ejector shall be
provided.
For waste water from covered car park below ground level, sewage ejector or any other
approved system of pumping shall be provided.
Where a sewage divertor or sewage ejector is required a room of minimum size 3.0
metres be 3.0 metres shall be provided.
The tank for the sewage divertor or sewage ejector shall be constructed from noncorrodible material.

After testing, the pipework of the sanitary plumbing system may be painted to any
suitable colour.

Material and Component

8.1

General

8.1.1

Subject to the foregoing and the requirements in Part IV, the following
materials are acceptable for use in a sanitary plumbing system viz
a)
b)
c)

8.1.2

8.2

uPVC
Cast iron
Ductile iron

A list of approved materials and components for use in sanitary plumbing

system is available on application to the Sanitary Unit of the Sewerage
Department.

Pipe Joint
8.2.1

Every joint in the sanitary plumbing system shall be made air-tight and watertight and shall remain so during use.
No jointing material shall protrude inside the bore of the pipe.
Joint for cast iron pipe shall be made as follows:

8.2.2
8.2.3
a)

b)
c)
8.2.4

Joint for uPVC pipe shall be made as follows:a)

b)

8.2.5

spigot and socket cast iron pipe joint shall be packed firmly with spun
yarn and then tightly caulked to not less than two-thirds of the depth of
the socket with molten lead or fibrous lead yarn.
rubber ring joint.
rubber sleeve joint

solvent cement joint

rubber ring joint

Joint for ductile iron pipe shall be made as follows:

a)
b)

rubber ring joint

rubber sleeve joint

CODE OF PRACTICE
ON
SANITARY PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM
PART III : SANITARY APPLIANCE FITTING

Sanitary Appliance
1.1
1.2

2.

Connection of Soil Sanitary Appliance

2.1

3.

Every sanitary appliance installed in any premises shall be connected to the sanitary
plumbing and drainage system.
No direct connection from any water service pipe shall be made to any part of a soil
sanitary appliance other than a connection through the flushing cistern or flush valve as
detailed under Clause 6 of this Part.

The discharge from a soil sanitary appliance shall pass through at least one trap having
a water seal of not less than 50 mm before connecting to a branch drain-line on first
storey level or to a discharge pipe on upper storey level.

Water Closet Pan (21)&(22)

3.1

General
3.1.1
3.1.2

3.1.3

Every water closet pan shall conform to the functional requirements and tests
in Singapore Standard 205.
Every water closet pan shall connect directly to an individual branch drainline to an inspection chamber on first storey level or to a discharge pipe on
upper storey level.
Every water closet pan shall be firmly bedded in cement mortar or by other

3.1.4

3.1.5

3.2

Oriental Water Closet Plan (Squatting type)

3.2.1
3.2.2

3.3

Every oriental water closet pan installed in a combined bath and water closet
compartment shall be fixed at least 75 mm above floor level.
Every oriental water closet pan shall be installed within a specially designed recessed
reinforced concrete floor slab such that no part of the pan shall protrude into the floor
slab or the floor below. The pan shall then be bedded in sand and concreted over to
provide an impervious surround. The floor surrounding the pan shall also be graded to
drain off any water into the pan.
Pedestal Water Closet Pan
3.3.1

3.4

Every pedestal water closet pan shall be secured to the floor using stainless
steel or non-ferrous fixing screws. Provision shall be made in the floor to
receive the fixing screws

Wall Hung Water Closet Pan

3.4.1

4.

approved method of fixing.

The jointing of the outlet of the water closet pan to the branch drain-line or
discharge pipe shall be done either with a purpose made flexible connector
(pan collar or floor flange) or other method of jointing approved by the
Director.
Where a water closet pan has a horizontal outlet but is intended for
connection to the branch drain-line or discharge pipe through the floor slab, a
purpose made bend connector is to be provided.

Wall hung water closet pan shall be fixed with stainless steel bolts and nuts
or other approve means to an independent support frame such that no strain
is transmitted to the water closet pan connector or any other part of the
plumbing system. The support frame, depending on the design, shall be
either fully or partially fixed within the structure of the building.

Urinal (23)
4.1

General
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3

4.1.4

Urinal shall be of the individual wall hung type.

Every urinal shall be firmly fixed to the wall by either stainless steel bolts
and nuts or other approved means.
Every urinal shall be provided with a fitting trap of at least 40 mm in
diameter. The connection by means of an urinal trap of at least 75 mm in
diameter shall be made directly to an individual branch drain-line to an
inspection chamber on first storey level or to a discharge pipe on upper
storey level.
A group of urinals connected in series may be discharged to a common

4.1.5

4.1.6

urinal waste pipe of at least 50 mm in diameter for connection as in subclause 4.1.3

An urinal trap shall be provided to serve a maximum of 10 numbers of
urinals. For more than 10 numbers of urinals, more than one trap shall be
provided.
Where a group of urinals are connected in series, loop venting is required
The loop venting requirement and the minimum diameter of common
urinal waste pipe for urinals connected in .series shall be as follows :-

Number of
Urinals Connected

Minimum Internal
Diameter of Common

Diameter of Loop
Venting Pipe

is Series

Urinal Waste Pipe in mm

in mm

not more than 2

3 to 5
6 to 10

50
50
75

Loop venting not required

25
25

4.1.7

Every urinal shall be spaced at least 750 mm apart from centre to centre.
Where urinals are provided, the maximum height of urinals shall be as
follows:For adults - 550mm
For Children - 380mm

4.1.8

4.1.9
4.1.10
4.1.11

5.

Every urinal shall be operated by flush valve which must be adjusted to give
a flush of not less than 2.5 litres and not more than 4.5 Litres. The flush
valve shall preferably be concealed Heavy duty type flushing cistern may be
allowed only where the use of flush concealed Heavy duty type flushing
cistern may be allowed only where the use of flush valve is not technically
feasible. At least one 9-litre flushing cistern shall be fixed for every 4
urinals in series.
For flush valve operated urinals, the minimum internal diameter of the flush
pipe shall be 13mm.
Every flush pipe for flush valve shall be made of either stainless steel or
chrome-plated copper alloy and shall preferably be concealed.
For urinals coupled with flushing cistern, the minimum internal diameter of
the flush pipe shall be 25mm.

Flushing Cistern
5.1

General
5.1.1
5.1.2

Every flushing cistern shall conform to the specifications, tests and

installation requirements in Singapore Standard 68.
Every flushing cistern shall be firmly fixed to the wall by either stainless steel
bolts and nuts, stainless steel brackets (or support pads) or other approved

5.1.3
5.1.4
5.1.5

5.2

High Level Flushing Cistern

5.2.1

5.2.2
5.2.3
5.3

5.3.2

The low level flushing cistern shall be Fixed to a pedestal water closet pan
with a pipe of vertical arm not less than 3SO mm from the base of the cistern
shell to the centre line of the flush inlet socket of the water closet pan. The
installation shall be of such a configuration that an assembly of the flushing
cistern with a pedestal water closet pan shall enable a seat and cover to
remain in the raised position.
The minimum internal diameter of the flush pipe shall be 35mm.

Flushing Cistern For Close-Coupled Water Closet Suite

5.4.1

6.

The high level flushing cistern shall be fixed to an oriental water closet pan
with a flush pipe of height not less than 1.5 metres between the bottom of the
cistem and the top of the water closet pan.
The flush pipe connecting a flushing cistem to the water closet pan shall be
fixed as straight as possible and shall not be less than 32 mm in diameter.
Every flush pipe from the cistern shall be securely filched to the wall.

Low Level Flushing Cistern

5.3.1

5.4

means.
Every flushing cistern shall be installed abutting the wall.
Where brackets or other approved means are used, they shall not protrude
beyond the bottom width of the cistern and shall not have any sharp edges.
The connection of the flush pipe of the flushing cistern to the water closet pan
and the urinal shall be made using a purpose made connector or bush to
ensure a robust and water-tight joint.

The flushing cistern for close-coupled water closet suite is designed for use
only as a complete unit with a particular water closet pan. The suite shall be
installed in accordance with recommended practice.

Flush Valve (22)

6.1

General
6.1.1
6.1.2
6.1.3
6.1.4

6.2

Every flush valve shall conform to the installation requirements in the

Singapore Standard CP 48 - Code of Practice for Water Services.
Every flush valve shall preferably be concealed with only the activating
know/lever exposed to the user.
Every flush valve shall be corrosion resistant. All exposed surfaces shall be
bright chrome-plated or in stainless steel.
Only water closets and urinals may be fitted with flush valves.

Installation

6.2.1

6.2.2
6.2.3

6.2.4

6.2.5
6.2.6
6.2.7

6.2.8
6.2.9
6.2.10

Bidet
7.1

General
7.1.1
7.1.2

7.1.3

7.2

Every flush valve for water closet pan shall incorporate approved check
valve and vacuum breaker. 241tematively, flush valve for water closet pan
shall derive water from a separate storage tank which is not connected in
any way with all other fittings supplying basin, sink, heater, etc in the
building.
Every flush valve shall be controlled by an approved stop-valve.
Every flush valve must be so adjusted to give a flush of not less than 2.5
Litres and not more than 4.5 litres of water for each urinal or not less than 8
litres and more than 9.5 litres of water for each water closet pan.
Vacuum breaker of the flush valve shall be installed at least I metre above
the rim for oriental water closet pan and at least 300 mm above the rim level
for other types of water closet pan.
Every flush valve shall be Fixed to a urinal with a flush pipe of height not
less than 150mm.
Every flush pipe shall be made of either stainless steel or chrome-plated
copper alloy and preferably be concealed.
The connection of the flush pipe of the flush valve to the water closet pan
and urinal shall be made using a purpose made connector to ensure a robust
and water-tight joint.
The minimum internal diameter of the flush pipe for water closet pan shall
be 25 mm
The minimum internal diameter of the flush pipe for urinal shall be 13 mm
For auto-sensing/electronic sensor flush valve, the installation of the
sensor/electronic sensor unit shall be carried out by a PUB licensed
electrician who shall ensure compliance with the relevant regulations and
Code of Practice.

Every bidet shall be provided with a spray nozzle fixed above the spill over
level of the bidet pan
Every bidet shall be provided with a fitting trap of at least 40 mm in
diameter. The connection by means of a bidet trap of at least 75 mm in
diameter shall be made directly to an individual branch drain-line to an
inspection chamber on first storey level or to a discharge pipe on upper
storey level.
Water for the flushing of the bidet shall not be supplied directly f from the
water main unless through an approved vacuum breaker and check valve or
other approved means for reverting backflow or back siphonage and
controlled by an approved stop-valve.

Installation
7.2.1

The bidet pan shall be installed in accordance with the pedestal water closet pan or the

wall hung water closet pan as specified in clauses 3.3.1 or 3.4.1 of this Part
respectively.
8.

Special Soil Sanitary Appliance for Hospital

8.1

9.

Approval of the Director shall be obtained for the use of any special soil sanitary
appliance not covered under this Part.

Waste Sanitary Appliance

9.1

Fixing of Waste Sanitary Appliance

9.1.1
9.1.2
9.1.3
9.1.4
9.1.5

9.2

Every waste sanitary appliance which is suspended shall be fixed to the

wall by means of brackets which are built or screwed into the wall
Every floor mounted waste sanitary appliance shall be provided with
pedestal, fool and leg.
Any sink and wash basin may be mounted on a cabinet.
All fixing screws shall be corrosion resistant.
All joints between any waste sanitary appliance and the abutting wall shall
be water-tight.

Connection of Waste Sanitary Appliance (24)

9.2.1
9.2.2
9.2.3

9.2.4

Every waste sanitary appliance shall be provided with a waste fitting trap
for connection to the waste pipe.
The waste pipe shall connect to the floor trap above the water seal of the
trap.
The waste pipe for waste sanitary appliance fixed on firs storey level
outside the building may connect directly to a gully trap above the water
seal of the trap.
Where a group of 3 or more wash basins are connected in series, loop
venting is required. However, the loop venting shall be terminated
separately to the atmosphere. The minimum diameter of loop venting pipe
shall be 25 mm. The minimum internal diameter of waste pipe for each
type of waste sanitary appliance and the maximum number of waste
sanitary appliances allowed on common waste pipe for waste sanitary
appliances connected in series shall be as follows:a)
b)

Minimum Internal Diameter of Waste Pipe for Each Type of Waste

Sanitary Appliance.
Maximum Number of Waste Sanitary Appliance Allowed on Each
Diameter of Common Waste Pipe for Waste Sanitary Appliances
Connected in Series.
Minimum Internal Diameter
of Waste Pipe in mm

Type of Appliance
Wash basin
Sink (Single or double bowl)
Laboratory sink
Longbath/Shower tray
Foot bath
Wash tub
Wash trough/Custom-made sink
Drinking fountain

32
40
40
40
40
50
50
32
Maximum Number of Waste
Sanitary Appliances Allowed
on Common Waste Pipe

Type of Waste Sanitary

Appliances Connected in
Series
Wash Basin
Sink
(Single or double bowl)
Laboratory sink
Drinking fountain
Wash trough/Custom-made sink
Wash tub
10.

Minimum Internal Diameter

of Common Waste Pipe in mm
50
3
2

75
10
6

2
12
2
2

6
40
6
6

Floor Trap
10.1

10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8

Every floor trap at First storey level shall be connected to a gully trap above the
water seal of the trap and the length of the waste pipe bet between the floor trap
and gully trap shall be as short as practicable.
Every floor trap at upper storey level shall be connected to a discharge pipe.
Every floor trap shall be located inside the building wherever practicable
The minimum internal diameter of the outlet of the floor trap shall be 75 mm.
The riser to every floor trap shall be of the same diameter as the opening of the
trap.
The height of a riser to every floor trap shall not be more than 600 mm from the
top of the grating to the bottom of the trap.
Where a riser is provided to a floor trap, it shall be made of uPVC or other
approved piping material to provide a smooth and even finish.
Every waste pipe connection shall be flushed with the internal surface of the riser.

10.9
10.10

10.11

11.

11.2
11.3

Floor waste where provided Shall be connected to a floor trap above the water seal
of the trap and the length of the waste pipe between the floor waste and floor trap
shall be as short as possible.
The minimum internal diameter of the floor waste shall be 75 mm. ,Only one
sanitary waste appliance may be connected to the floor waste.
The floor waste shall be covered with a grating.

Grating and Cover for Gully Trap, Floor Trap and Floor Waste
12.1
12.2

12.3

13

For group showers, a floor trap shall be provided to serve a maximum of 5

showers. A channel not less than 100 mm in width and 50 mm in depth at a grade
of 1 in 100 shall be provided.

Floor Waste
11.1

12.

Every floor trap frame and grating shall be fixed at least 5 mm below the lowest
point of a graded floor where it is intended to receive sullage water.
Floor trap shall be provided for bathroom or shower compartment. The floor shall
be graded towards a floor trap to receive sullage water.

The grating and cover shall be constructed of durable plastic, stainless steel or
other suitable approved material.
The grating and cover shall be of an approved design so as to enable them to be
bolted down to the frame or otherwise secured to deter the unwarranted opening of
the grating or cover and hence the discharge of garbage or other solid waste into
the sewerage system.
Subject to the sub-clauses 6.8 & 6.9 of Part I the grating or cover shall be installed
and located such that they blend in with the surrounding ground levels and do not
pose a hazard in causing trip, etc

Sanitary Appliance and Material

13.1
13.2

A list of approved sanitary appliances, fittings and their material of construction is

available on application to the Sanitary Unit of the Sewerage Department.
Part IV stipulates the procedure to be followed to obtain the approval of the
Director for the use of a sanitary appliance.

CODE OF PRACTICE
ON
SANITARY PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM

PART IV : SANITARY APPLIANCE AND MATERIAL

1.

Sanitary Appliance and Material

1.1
1.2

1.3

2.

The term "sanitary appliance and material" shall refer to sanitary appliance/fitting, pipe
and fitting, and manhole/inspection chamber frame and cover.
Every sanitary appliance and material used in the construction of a sanitary plumbing
and drainage system described in this Code shall be of a type, size, brand, quality and
workmanship approved by the Director.
Every sanitary appliance and material shall be clearly embossed or permanently marked
with be brand name/trade mask and the country of origin at a conspicuous position such
that they can be clearly identified after installation.

Procedure for the Approval of Sanitary Appliance and Material

2.1
2.2

2.3

Every application for approval for sanitary appliance and material shall be made by
the applicant to the Director in writing.
The applicant shall deliver to the Director such samples of the sanitary appliance and
material and give such other information in connection therewith as the Director may
require
If so required by the Director, the applicant shall deliver one or more samples of the
sanitary appliance and material to the Singapore Institute of Standards and Industrial

2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7

Research (SISIR) for examination and testing. The applicant shall pay such fees as
SISIR may determine for such examination and testing or any other fees associated
with the application for approval.
The applicant will be notified in writing of the approval/disapproval based on the test
report/s received directly from the SISIR.
The Director may require the applicant to dispose of all unapproved sanitary
appliances and materials and to submit proof of such disposal.
Notwithstanding the approval given for the use of the sanitary appliance and material,
further samples may be required and selected at any time for periodical testing.
The approval given by the Director for the use of any sanitary appliance and material
may be rescinded at any time if
(a)
(b)
(c)

the sanitary appliance and material is found to be unsafe or unsuitable for use;
the design, material or construction of the sanitary appliance and material is
changed or modified without the approval of the Director; and
the applicant has contravened or failed to comply with any of the requirements
as may be stipulated by the Director

CODE OF PRACTICE
ON
SANITARY PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM

Part V : PROCEDURE FOR APPLICATION TO CARRY OUT SANITARY PLUMBING AND

DRAINAGE WORKS

1.

General
1.1

1.2

2.

A11 sanitary works shown on the approved Sketch Plan/Building Plan Shall be carried
out in accordance with The Sanitary Plumbing and Drainage System Regulations, 1976
and The Code of Practice on Sanitary Plumbing and Drainage System.
Application for sanitary permit is required before the commencement of any sanitary
work

Sanitary Permit Under Sketch Plan

2.1

Application
2.1.1

The Registered Sanitary Plumber Shall ensure that the following accompany
the application:
(a)

(b)
(c)

Application Form A in duplicate (See Appendix 25) duly completed

and signed by the Occupier, Owner/Developer and Land Owner or
Management Corporation, where appropriate, and the Registered
Sanitary Plumber.
Pour (4) copies of location/site plans; plans and sections.
Plans and sections shall show the following:

(i)
(ii)

(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)

*(d)

*(e)
*(f)

2.2

scale to which the plans and sections are drawn;

details of any sanitary plumbing and drainage system
which shall be coloured in blue, red and yellow for
existing, proposed and to be abandoned items
respectively;
position of any existing sewer, pumping main and
industrial water main;
every sanitary appliance to be installed, repaired or
replaced;
every compartment which is to have or has any sanitary
appliance and which is to be constructed or repaired; and
signatures of the Owner/Developer or the Occupier and
Land Owner, and the Registered Sanitary Plumber shall
be endorsed on the plans. In the case of properties under
Land Titles (Strata) Act, endorsement by the
Management Corporation is also required.

Payment of Sanitary Plan Fee of +$25.00 per application. (As

prescribed under The Sanitary Plumbing and Drainage System
(Amendment) Regulations, 1989.)
Payment of cost for each Y-junction/box-out/advance sewer
connection (as determined by the Director).
In the case of temporary toilet facilities for construction site, letter of
undertaking by Registered Sanitary Plumber to demolish temporary
toilet/temporary septic tank and seal off temporary connection after
completion of the project (See Appendices 26 & 27).

Commencement of Work
2.2.1

Upon approval of the Sanitary Application, the Registered Sanitary Plumber

shall notify Sewerage department by submitting Form B in duplicate (See
Appendix 28) OD the following:
(a)
(b)

2.2.2

2.2.3

intention to commence work

witnessing sewer connection to sewer/manhole

A representative from the Sewerage Department is required to be present on

site to witness the sewer connection to an existing sewer or manhole
(including replacement of pipe junction the sewer connection to an existing
sewer or manhole (including replacement of pipe junction. fitting and
breaching of manhole).
The owner, occupier or developer of any premises in which the sanitary works
are to be carried out shall ensure that the Registered Sanitary Plumber:
(a)

(b)

has given all notices and obtained all consents that may be required by
any law to be obtained from all relevant authority or persons in respect
of the sanitary works; and
has taken appropriate insurance coverage against any damage or
injury which may be caused to persons or property or against any other

liability which may be incurred under written law by reason of the

execution of the sanitary works and sewer connection. Such insurance
coverage should be kept in force for the entire duration of the works.
2.2.4

2.3

Supervision
2.3.1

2.3.2

2.4

Upon satisfactory completion of the work, the Registered Sanitary Plumber

shall submit Form C-'Certificate of Supervision' (See Appendix 29) in
duplicate and arrange with the Sewerage Department for an inspection of the
completed work.

Inspection of Completed Work

2.5.1

3.

The Registered Sanitary Plumber whose name appears on the approved

Sketch Plan shall be fully responsible for the supervision and construction of
the sanitary plumbing and drainage system in accordance with The Sanitary
Plumbing and Drainage System Regulations, 1976, and the Code of Practice
on Sanitary Plumbing and Drainage System based on the approved Sketch
Plan.
The Registered Sanitary Plumber shall notify the Sewerage Department of
any proposed deviation of work from the approved plan and obtain approval
for the deviations before proceeding with the work.

Certificate of Supervision
2.4.1

2.5

Where the trench to be excavated exceeds 4 metres in depth, it shall be

constructed in accordance with design and drawings of a Professional
Engineer, a copy of which shall be submitted to the Sewerage Department for
record prior to commencement of work.

The Registered Sanitary Plumber shall ensure that Form B (See Appendix
28), Form C -'Certificate of Supervision' (See Appendix 29) and Form E (See
Appendix 31) in duplicate are duly completed and submitted before
arrangement for an inspection of the completed work can be made.

Sanitary Permit Under Building Plan

3.1

Application
3.1.1

The Registered Sanitary Plumber Shall ensure that the following accompany
the application:

(a)

(b)

3.2

Commencement of Work
3.2.1

Upon approval of the Sanitary Application, the Registered Sanitary Plumber

shall notify Sewerage Department by submitting Form B in duplicate (See
Appendix 28) on the following:
(a)
(b)

3.2.2

3.2.3

intention to commence work.

witnessing sewer connection to sewer/manhole

A representative from Sewerage Department is required to be present on site

to witness the sewer connection to an existing sewer or manhole (including
replacement of pipe junction fitting and breaching of manhole).
The owner, occupier or developer of any premises/buildings in which the
sanitary works are to be carried out and the Architect or Professional
Engineer who prepared the plan or specification of the sanitary works or
who is to supervise those works shall ensure that the Registered Sanitary
Plumber: The owner, occupier or developer of any premises/buildings in
which the sanitary works are to be carried out and the Architect or
Professional Engineer who prepared the plan or specification of the sanitary
works or who is to supervise those works shall ensure that the Registered
Sanitary Plumber:(a)

(b)

3.3

Application Form A in duplicate (See Appendix 25) duly completed

and signed by the Owner/Developer, Management Corporation,
where appropriate, the Architect/ Professional engineer and the
Registered Sanitary Plumber.
Letter from the Architect/Professional Engineer to notify the
Sewerage Department of the appointment of a Registered Sanitary
Plumber for the work under approved Building Plan and to confirm
that a certified true set of plan which is identical to the approved
Building Plan has been given to the Registered Sanitary Plumber for
the work.

Supervision

has given all notices and obtained all consents that may be required
by any law to be obtained from all relevant authority or persons in
respect of the sanitary works; and
has taken appropriate insurance coverage against any damage or
injury which may be caused to has given all notices and obtained all
consents that may be required by any law to be obtained persons or
property or against any other liability which may be incurred under
written law by reason of the execution of the sanitary works and
sewer connection. Such insurance coverage should be kept in force
for the entire duration of the works

3.3.1

3.3.2

3.4

Certificate of Supervision
3.4.1

3.5

Upon satisfactory completion of the work, the Architect/Professional

Engineer shall complete Form C-'Certificate of Supervision' (See Appendix
29) in duplicate to enable the Registered Sanitary Plumber to arrange for an
inspection of the completed work.

Inspection of Completion Work

3.5.1

4.

The Architect/Professional Engineer whose name appears on the approved

Building Plan shall be fully responsible for the supervision and construction
of the sanitary plumbing and drainage system in accordance with The
Sanitary Plumbing and Drainage System Regulations, 1976, and the Code of
Practice on Sanitary Plumbing and Drainage System Regulations, 1976, and
the Code of Practice on Sanitary Plumbing and Drainage System based on
the approved Building Plan
The Architect/Professional Engineer shall notify the Sewerage Department
of any proposed deviation of work from the approved plan and obtain
approval for the deviations before deviation of work from the approved plan
and obtain approval for the deviations before proceeding with the work
proceeding with the work.

The Registered Sanitary Plumber shall ensure that Form B (See Appendix
28) and Form E (See Appendix 31) duly completed and Form C-'Certificate
of Supervision' by the 1Architect/Professional Engineer are submitted in
duplicate before arrangement for an inspection of the completed work can be
made.

Inspection of Completion Work

4.1

In cases of withdrawal of sanitary application/permit, the Registered Sanitary Plumber

is required to submit Form D-(See Appendix 30) in duplicate.
* To comply with where applicable
+ Subject to revision without notice

CODE OF PRACTICE
ON
SANITARY PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM

PART VI : APPENDICES
(A) STANDARD DRAWINGS ON SANITARY PLUMBIGN AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM

Appendix 1 : ENV/SEW/SAN/1
Appendix 2 : ENV/SEW/SAN/2
Appendix 3 : ENV/SEW/SAN/3
Appendix 4 : ENV/SEW/SAN/4
Appendix 5 : ENV/SEW/SAN/5
Appendix 6 : ENV/SEW/SAN/6
Appendix 7 : ENV/SEW/SAN/7
Appendix 8 : ENV/SEW/SAN/8
Appendix 9 : ENV/SEW/SAN/9
Appendix 10 : ENV/SEW/SAN/10
Appendix 11 : ENV/SEW/SAN/11
Appendix 12 : ENV/SEW/SAN/12
Appendix 13 : ENV/SEW/SAN/13
Appendix 14 : ENV/SEW/SAN/14
Appendix 15 : ENV/SEW/SAN/15
Appendix 16 : ENV/SEW/SAN/16
Appendix 17 : ENV/SEW/SAN/17

Layout of Sanitary Drainage System

Branch Drain-line Connection on First Storey Level
Branch Drain-line Connection with Backdrop or Tumbling Bay to
Inspection Chamber
Backdrop and Tumbling Bay Details
Type Bedding for Drain-line
Sump with Gully Trap
Break Joints to Concrete Bedding
Inspection Chamber
Wash Area
Layout of Sanitary Drainage System for Eating Establishment and
Food Centre
Sump for Sullage Water Drainage
Layout of Sanitary Drainage System for Market, Bin Centre and
Refuse Chute
Silt Sump for Shower/Bathroom Compartment at Beach
Site/Construction Site
Fully Ventilated System with Ventilating Arrangement for SixStorey or Lower Multi-Storey Buildings
Fully Ventilated System with Ventilating Arrangement for SevenStorey or Higher Multi-Storey Buildings
Single Stack System for Residential Buildings up to Six Storeys
Ventilated Stack System for Residential Buildings up to Fourteen
Storeys

Appendix 18 : ENV/SEW/SAN/18
Appendix 19 : ENV/SEW/SAN/19
Appendix 20 : ENV/SEW/SAN/20
Appendix 21 : ENV/SEW/SAN/21
Appendix 22 : ENV/SEW/SAN/22
Appendix 23 : ENV/SEW/SAN/23
Appendix 24 : ENV/SEW/SAN/24

Piping Arrangement for Floor Trap (P-Type) and Water Closet Pan
Connected in Series
Below Ground Details (Connection Between Discharge Stacks and
Inspection Chamber)
Offset and Cross Venting
Jointing of Outlet of Pedestal Water Closet Pan to Branch Drainline or Discharge Pipe
Flush Valve Installation for Water Closet Pan and Wall Hung
Urinal
Loop Venting Requirement for Wall Hung Urinals Connected in
Series
Loop Venting Requirements for Wash Basins Connected in Series

CODE OF PRACTICE
ON
SANITARY PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM

PART IV: APPENDICES

(B) STANDARD FORMS FOR SANITARY PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE WORKS

Appendix 25 : ENV/SEW/SAN/25

Application for a Permit to carry out Sanitary

Plumbing and Drainage Works under The Sanitary
Plumbing and Drainage System Regulations, 1976 Form A

Appendix 26 : ENV/SEW/SAN/26

Undertaking by Registered Plumber to Demolish

*Temporary Toilet/Temporary Septic Tank and Seal
off Temporary Sewer Connection after Completion of
Project.

Appendix 27 : ENV/SEW/SAN/27

Transfer of Obligation under Undertaking given by

Registered Plumber to Demolish *Temporary
Toilet/Temporary Septic Tank and Seal off Temporary
Sewer Connection.

Appendix 28 : ENV/SEW/SAN/28

Notice of Intention to Commence/ Inspect Sanitary

Plumbing and Drainage Works - Form B

Appendix 29 : ENV/SEW/SAN/29

Certificate of Supervision for Construction of Sewerage

Work/ Sanitary Plumbing and Drainage Works Form C

Appendix 30 : ENV/SEW/SAN/30

Application for Withdrawal of Sanitary

Application/Permit - Form D

Appendix 31 : ENV/SEW/SAN/31

Declaration by Registered Plumber for Type/Quantity

of Sanitary Appliances and Material used in project Form E

CODE OF PRACTICE
ON
SANITARY PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM

PART VI : APPENDICES
( C ) LIST OF STANDARD METRIC DRAWINGS AVAILABLE FOR SALE

Serial
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Drawing Number

Description

ENV/SEW/76/2B
ENV/SEW/76/3B
ENV/SEW/76/4D
ENV/SEW/76/11
ENV/SEW/76/91A
ENV/SEW/76/92A
ENV/SEW/76/93
ENV/SEW/76/39
ENV/SEW/76/80B

10.
11.
12.

ENV/SEW/76/113
ENV/SEW/76/83
ENV/SEW/76/82-4

13.

ENV/SEW/76/114

14.

ENV/SEW/76/97

Standard Details of Main Sewers and Manholes

Standard Details of Minor Sewers and Manholes
Standard Precast Concrete Manhole Parts
Standard Details of Sewer Connection
Standard Heavy Duty Manhole Frame and Cover
Standard Medium Duty Manhole Frame and Cover
Standard Light Duty Inspection Chamber Frame and Cover
Standard Temporary Septic Tank for Work Site
Standard Grease, Petrol and Silt Interceptor - Three
Compartments
Cast Iron Gully Trap for Bin Centre / Refuse Centre
Cast Iron Grease Interceptor for Motor Workshops
Standard Circular Grease Trap for Small Eating Stall ( 1
metre)
Standard Circular Grease Trap for Canteen and Restaurants (
2 metres )
Standard Details of Deep Precast Concrete Manhole with One
Intermediate Platform