The Enlightenment

Development
Enlightenment: movement that stressed reason and thought and
the power of individuals to solve problems (17th and 18th century)
Reasons:
Scientific Revolution (rational thought)
Absolute Monarchs
Revolution in England
Thomas Hobbes:
Men needed laws
Social Contract: people gave rights to govt for law and order
John Locke:
Natural Rights: Life, Liberty and Property
People could rebel against unjust rulers
The Philosophes (French Social Philosophers
Five Major Concepts:
Reason: truth through logic
Nature: natural laws are good
Happiness: joy in the physical world
Progress: improve society
Liberty: freedoms
Voltaire: criticized church & govt/ fought for personal freedoms
Montesquieu: separation of power/ divide power in govt
Rousseau: govt should be formed by the people
Beccaria: stressed reforms to the justice system
The Enlightenment Spreads
Mary Wollstonecraft: pressed for womens rights
Art, Music and Literature:
Neoclassical Art: influenced by Greco-Roman art
Classical Music: light & elegant (Ex: Mozart and Beethoven)
Novels: fictional stories became more popular
Individualism: stressed individual thought over church and state/
led to more scientific, political and social reforms

The Enlightenment
Development
Enlightenment: _________________________________________
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Reasons:
_________________________
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Major Focus: ___________________________________________
Thomas Hobbes:
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Social Contract: _______________________________________
John Locke:
Natural Rights: __________________________________
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The Philosophes (French Social Philosophers
Five Major Concepts:
____________________________
________________________________
____________________________
_____________________
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Voltaire: _______________________________________________
Montesquieu: ___________________________________________
Rousseau: ___________________________________
Beccaria: ____________________________________
The Enlightenment Spreads
Mary Wollstonecraft: _______________________________
Art, Music and Literature:
Neoclassical Art: _________________________________
Classical Music: _______________________________________

Novels: _______________________________________
Individualism: __________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Enlightened Despots: _____________________________________