Paratiroid

RELATIONSHIP PLASMA PTH WITH Ca CONSENTRATION

PLASMA
PTH
NORMAL

HYPOCALCEMIC

NORMOCALCEMIC

HYPERCALCEMIC

HYPOPARATHYROIDIS
M
NORMAL

Other
Hypercalcemia State

HIGH

HYPOPARATHYROIDISM
Decreases PTH tissue response

Secondary
HYPERPARATHYROIDSM

Primary
HYPERPARATHYROIDSM

Hypoparathyroid

Hypoparathyroidism
endocrine disorder where parathyroid glands
in the neck dont produce enough parathyroid
hormone
Lack of production of parathyroid hormone
makes calcium levels in the blood low
and phosphorus levels high

Causing of hypocalcemia
Decreased PTH secretion

Decreased PTH action

Primary hyporathyroidism
Transient
Parathyroid immaturity in new born
Hypomagnesemia
Treatment of Leukemia
Permanent
Parathyroid aplasia
Kennys Syndrome
Surgical parathyroid gland
Irradiation
Idiopathic ( Autoimmune )

Pseudohypoparathyroidism
Ineffective PTH
Hypomagnesemia
Vitamin D Deficiency
Gastrectomy
Resection of smmal bowel
Steatorhea
Therapy with anticonvulsant agent

clinical feature :
Maybe Asymptomatic
Symptomatic :

Increased neuromuscular irritability

Tetany
Growth or mental retardation or bone
deformities
Psychiatry manifestation
Weakness
Two sign : Chvosteks and Trousseaus
(+)

Sings and Symptoms

Muscle Cramps (spasms)

Dry Skin
Cataracts
Seizures
Pain in face, legs, feet
Abnormal teeth formation
Weakened tooth enamel

Diagnosis
Doctors Visit
Medical History & Symptoms
Physical Exam

Blood Tests
Other Tests
Electrocardiograms
Urine Test
Bone Density Test

Treatment & Prognosis

Treatment
Calcium Carbonate tablets,
Vitamin D Supplements
Changing eating habits

Prevention

Hiperparathyroid

Primary Hyperparathyroidsm

Etiology :
Single Parathyroid Adenoma
85-90 %
Multiple Parathyroid Adenoma
2%
Hyperplasia of parathyroid gland 8 %

Chronic hypersecretion of PTH

clinical
feature

Asymptomatic
Symptomatic :
weakness
anorexia
nause
Manifestation of disease :
nephrolithiasis
Peptic ulcer disease
acut pancreatitis
bone disease
Elderly : a hypercalcemic syndrome :
confusion
dehydration

Diagnosis
Laboratory finding
Elevated serum PTH
Hypercalcemia
Hypophosphatemia

Tirotoksikosis (3B)

Definisi
Manifestasi klinis kelebihan hormon
tiroid yang beredar dalam sirkulasi

Diagnosis
Anamnesis
Pemeriksaan fisik
Laboratorium:
FT4
TSH

Sama dengan hipertiroid

Pengobatan
Obat anti tiroid : tiamazol 5,10,30
mg, PTU 50,100 mg