Ky Thuat Dieu Khien Lap Trinh PLC Semantic S7-200 - Chau Duc Tri

Th.
S Chu Ch c
K thut iu khin
Thnh ph H Ch Minh
10-2008
LI NI U
T ng ho cng nghip v dn dng ngy cng pht
trin. B no trong cc h thng t ng ho l cc b iu khin
lp trnh. Vic hc v tm hiu v cc b khin lp trnh cng nh
vn hnh n cho tht tt ang l nhu cu cp thit i vi hc
sinh, sinh vin cc ngnh k thut.
Hin nay ti liu ging dy v tham kho v k thut iu
khin lp trnh cn kh hn ch. Ti liu ''k thut iu khin lp
trnh PLC Simatic S7-200'', l quyn sch u tin trong b sch
v k thut iu khin lp trnh PLC h SIMATIC S7, c bin
son vi mong mun gp mt phn nh vo vic ging dy v t
hc v k thut iu khin lp trnh ca gio vin, hc sinh, sinh
vin v c gi quan tm v PLC h SIMATIC S7-200 ca cng
ty Siemens.
Ti liu c chia thnh 2 tp. Tp 1 bao gm cc phn c
bn ph hp vi cc bn mi bt u lm quen vi PLC, tuy
nhin n cng c th l ti liu tham kho cho cc bn c kin
thc c bn v PLC. Tp 2 l phn nng cao tp trung v cc
vn iu khin s, truyn thng v mn hnh iu khin. Cu
trc chung ca cc tp sch l mi chng trong cc phn u
c v d minh ha cho cc mc, ngoi ra cui mi chng c
thm mt s cu hi v bi tp c gi rn luyn thm.
D c mt thi gian di lm vic v ging dy v k thut
iu khin lp trnh PLC h SIMATIC, mng truyn thng cng
nghip v truyn ng ca hng Siemens cho rt nhiu i tng
khc nhau cng nh rt c gng trong qu trnh bin son
nhng ti liu khng trnh khi thiu st. Rt mong c s gp
chn thnh ca qu c gi gip ti liu c hon thin
hn. Th t gp xin gi v a ch: ccduc2006@gmail.com.
Xin cm n.
LI TM S
Tp 1 ''k thut iu khin lp trnh PLC Simatic S7-200''
c vit xong t rt lu. Nhng v ngh n vic in n v pht
hnh qu nhiu kh, gi thnh li cao v phi ch i thi gian
rt lu tp sch ny mi n tay bn c, nn tc gi hon li.
Ngh rng cung cp cho c gi, cc bn hc sinh, sinh vin v
gio vin thm mt ti liu tham kho lm phong ph thm
kin thc v t ng ha l vic nn lm. V vy tc gi chn
phng n pht hnh qua mng v truyn tay di dng tp tin
vi phng chm '' sch hu ch th mi c nhun bt''.
Cc bn thn mn!
Vic bin son ti liu v k thut, nht l k thut mi, i
hi ngi bin son ngoi kinh nghim chuyn mn cn b rt
nhiu thi gian v cng sc. Do s l mt nim ng vin v
cng to ln cho tc gi tip tc hon thnh tp 2, b sch v
k thut iu khin lp trnh PLC SIMATIC S7-300/400, cc ti
liu khc lin quan n PLC h SIMATIC, truyn thng cng
nghip, truyn ng ca hng Siemens nu c s ng vin
t tinh thn n vt cht. Nu thy sch ny gip ch cho cc bn
th khi cc bn s hu n (c c t bt k phng tin no)
dng tp tin hoc c in ra dng sch, xin vui lng ng vin
tc gi bng cch chuyn tin vo ti khon s 49809449 cho
CHU CH C, ngn hng Thng mi Chu (ACB) chi
nhnh Chu vn Lim vi s tin ty theo ca cc bn.
Nu cc bn c nhng ng vin khc xin gi thng tin
cho tc gi qua a ch mail ccduc2006@gmail.com.
Cm n s ng vin ca c gi.
Mc lc
Mc lc
1
Tng quan v iu khin .......................................................................1

1.1 Khi nim chung v iu khin ......................................................... 1
1.2 Cu trc mt qui trnh iu khin ..................................................... 2
1.3 Cc loi iu khin ........................................................................... 3
1.4 H thng s ...................................................................................... 4
1.5 Cc khi nim x l thng tin ........................................................... 5
1.5.1 Bit ........................................................................................... 5
1.5.2 Byte ........................................................................................ 5
1.5.3 Word ...................................................................................... 6
1.5.4 DoubleWord .......................................................................... 6
B iu khin lp trnh PLC Cu trc v phng thc hot ng 7

2.1 Gii thiu ......................................................................................... 7
2.2 S khc nhau gia h iu khin bng relay v h
iu khin bng PLC ..................................................................... 8
2.3 Cu trc ca mt PLC .................................................................. 11
2.4 Cc khi ca PLC ......................................................................... 13
2.4.1 Khi ngun cung cp ......................................................... 13
2.4.2 B nh chng trnh .......................................................... 14
2.4.3 Khi trung tm (CPU) ......................................................... 15
2.4.4 Khi vo ............................................................................. 15
2.4.5 Khi ra ................................................................................ 16
2.4.6 Cc khi c bit ................................................................ 16
2.5 Phng thc thc hin chng trnh trong PLC ......................... 16
Cm bin v c cu chp hnh trong iu khin logic .................

3.1 Cm bin .....................................................................................
3.1.1 Gii thiu ...........................................................................
3.1.2 Ni dy cho cm bin ........................................................
3.1.2.1 Switch ................................................................
3.1.2.2 Ng ra TTL .........................................................
3.1.2.3 Ng ra Sinking/Sourcing ....................................
3.1.2.4 Ng ra Solid state relay ......................................
3.1.3 Pht hin i tng ..........................................................
3.1.3.1 Chuyn mch tip xc .......................................
3.1.3.2 Reed Switches ...................................................
3.1.3.3 Cm bin quang (Optical Sensor) ......................
3.1.3.4 Cm bin in dung (Capacitive Sensor) ...........
3.1.3.5 Cm bin in cm (Inductive Sensor) ..............
3.1.3.6 Cm bin siu m (Ultrasonic sensor) ...............
3.1.3.7 Hiu ng Hall (Hall Effect) .................................
3.1.3.8 Lu lng (Fluid Flow) ......................................
3.1.4 Tm tt ..............................................................................
3.2 C cu chp hnh .......................................................................
3.2.1 Gii thiu ...........................................................................
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3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.2.5
3.2.6
Solenoid ............................................................................
Van iu khin (VALVE) ....................................................
Xy lanh (CYLINDER) .........................................................
ng c ............................................................................
Cc c cu chp hnh khc................................................
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B iu khin lp trnh PLC Simatic S7-200 ...................................

4.1 Cu hnh cng .............................................................................
4.1.1 Khi x l trung tm ..........................................................
4.1.2 Khi m rng ....................................................................
4.1.2.1 Digital module .......................................................
4.1.2.2 Analog module ......................................................
4.1.2.3 Intelligent module .................................................
4.1.2.4 Function module ...................................................
4.2 Mn hnh iu khin ....................................................................
4.3 Cc vng nh ..............................................................................
4.4 Qui c a ch trong PLC S7-200 ..............................................
4.4.1 Truy xut theo bit ..............................................................
4.4.2 Truy xut theo byte (8 bit) .................................................
4.4.3 Truy xut theo word (16 bit) ..............................................
4.4.4 Truy xut theo 2 word (Double word = 32 bit) ...................
4.5 X l chng trnh ......................................................................
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Kt ni dy gia PLC v thit b ngoi vi .......................................

5.1 Kt ni dy gia PLC v cc thit b ngoi vi ..............................
5.1.1 Gii thiu CPU 224 v cch kt ni vi thit b ngoi vi ....
5.1.2 Kt ni vi my tnh ..........................................................
5.1.3 Ni ngun cung cp cho CPU ..........................................
5.1.4 Kt ni vo/ra s vi ngoi vi ............................................
5.1.4.1 Kt ni cc ng vo s vi ngoi vi ....................
5.1.4.2 Kt ni cc ng ra s vi ngoi vi ......................
5.2 Kim tra vic kt ni dy bng phn mm ..................................
5.2.1 Status Chart ......................................................................
5.2.2 Gim st v thay i bin vi Status Chart .......................
5.2.3 Cng bc bin vi Status Chart .....................................
5.2.4 ng dng Status Chart trong vic kim tra kt ni dy
trong S7-200 .........................................................................................
5.3 Cu hi v bi tp .......................................................................
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Phn mm Micro/Win v ngn ng lp trnh ...............................

6.1 Ci t phn mm STEP 7-Micro/WIN ........................................
6.1.1 Yu cu h iu hnh v phn cng ................................
6.1.2 Ci t phn mm .............................................................
6.2 Cc phn t c bn trong chng trnh PLC S7-200 .................
6.2.1 Chng trnh chnh OB1 (main program) .........................
6.2.2 Chng trnh con SUB (subroutine) .................................
6.2.3 Chng trnh ngt INT(interrupt routine) ..........................
6.2.4 Khi h thng (system block) ............................................
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II
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Mc lc
6.2.5 Khi d liu (data block) ...................................................

6.3 Ngn ng lp trnh ......................................................................
6.3.1 Dng hnh thang: LAD (Ladder logic) ................................
6.3.2 Dng khi chc nng: FBD (Function Block Diagram) ......
6.3.3 Dng lit k lnh: STL (StaTement List) ...........................
6.4 Son tho chng trnh vi phn mm
STEP7-Micro/Win V4.0 SP6 ........................................................
6.4.1 M mn hnh son tho chng trnh ..............................
6.4.1.1 Vng son tho chng trnh ............................
6.4.1.2 Cy lnh .............................................................
6.4.1.3 Thanh chc nng ...............................................
6.4.2 Thanh cng c (Toolbar) trong STEP7-Micro/WIN ...........
6.4.3 To mt d n STEP 7-Micro/WIN ...................................
6.4.3.1 To d n mi ...................................................
6.4.3.2 Lu d n ..........................................................
6.4.3.3 M mt d n ....................................................
6.4.4 Th vin ...........................................................................
6.4.5 H thng tr gip trong STEP 7-Micro/WIN ......................
6.4.6 Xa b nh CPU ...............................................................
6.4.7 M mt d n ang tn ti sn .........................................
6.4.8 Kt ni truyn thng S7-200 vi thit b lp trnh ..............
6.4.9 Ti d n t PLC ..............................................................
6.4.9.1 Ti mt khi hoc ba khi ..................................
6.4.9.2 Ti vo mt d n mi hoc d n rng ...........
6.4.9.3 Ti vo mt d n tn ti ...................................
6.4.9.4 Th tc ti d n t PLC v thit b lp trnh .....
6.4.10 Np (download) mt d n vo PLC ..............................
6.4.11 Thit lp cu hnh chung cho phn
mm (menu option v customize) ...................................
6.4.11.1 Menu Option .......................................................
6.4.11.2 Menu Custommize .............................................
6.4.12 Son tho chng trnh ..................................................
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Cc php ton logic .......................................................................... 95

7.1 Ngn xp (logic stack) trong S7-200 ........................................... 95
7.2 Cc php ton logic c bn ........................................................ 96
7.2.1 Php ton AND ................................................................. 96
7.2.2 Php ton OR ................................................................... 97
7.2.3 T hp cc cng AND v OR ............................................ 98
7.2.3.1 AND trc OR ................................................... 98
7.2.3.2 OR trc AND ................................................... 98
7.2.4 Php ton XOR ................................................................. 99
7.3 X l cc tip im, cm bin c ni vi ng vo PLC .......... 100
7.4 V d ng dng cc lin kt logic ................................................ 102
7.4.1 Mch t duy tr u tin m my ........................................ 102
7.4.2 Mch t duy tr u tin dng my ..................................... 103
7.4.3 iu khin ON/OFF ng c c ch bo ........................... 104
7.4.4 iu khin o chiu quay ng c .................................. 106
7.5 Bit nh M (bit memory) ................................................................ 109
III
Mc lc
7.6 Cc lnh SET, RESET v mch nh RS ..................................... 111

7.6.1 Lnh SET .......................................................................... 111
7.6.2 Lnh RESET (R) ............................................................... 112
7.6.3 Mch nh R-S ................................................................... 112
7.6.3.1 u tin SET (khu SR) ...................................... 112
7.6.3.2 u tin RESET (khu RS) ................................. 113
7.6.4 Cc qui tc khi s dng Set v Reset ............................... 114
7.6.5 V d ng dng mch nh R-S ......................................... 114
7.7 Cc lnh nhn bit cnh tn hiu v lnh NOT ............................ 118
7.7.1 Lnh NOT .......................................................................... 118
7.7.1 Cc lnh nhn bit cnh tn hiu ....................................... 118
7.8 Cc Bit nh c bit (Special Memory bits) ................................ 120
7.9 Cu hi v bi tp ....................................................................... 121
8
Thit k theo logic Bool & biu Karnaugh .......................................... 125

8.1 Gii thiu ..................................................................................... 125
8.2 i s BOOL ............................................................................... 125
8.3 Thit k Logic .............................................................................. 127
8.3.1 Cc k thut i s Bool .................................................... 131
8.4 Cc dng logic chung .................................................................. 132
8.4.1 Dng cng phc ................................................................ 132
8.4.2 Multiplexers ....................................................................... 132
8.5 Mt s v d thit k n gin vi i s bool ............................. 133
8.5.1 Cc chc nng logic c bn ............................................. 133
8.5.2 H thng an ton xe hi .................................................... 134
8.5.3 Quay phi/tri ng c ...................................................... 134
8.5.4 Cnh bo trm .................................................................. 135
8.6 Biu Karnaugh ........................................................................ 136
8.6.1 Gii thiu ........................................................................... 136
8.7 Cu hi v bi tp ....................................................................... 139
B nh thi (Timer) ........................................................................

9.1 Gii thiu .....................................................................................
9.2 Timer ng mch chm TON ......................................................
9.3 Timer ng mch chm c nh TONR .......................................
9.4 Timer m mch chm TOF .........................................................
9.5 ng dng Timer ..........................................................................
9.5.1 To xung c tn s theo mong mun ................................
9.5.2 To Timer xung v timer xung c nh ...............................
9.5.2.1 Timer xung (Pulse timer) ....................................
9.5.2.2 Timer xung c nh (Extended Pulse timer) ........
9.5.3 o chiu quay ng c c khng ch thi gian ..............
9.5.4 Chiu sng Garage ...........................................................
9.5.5 Thit b rt cht lng vo thng cha ................................
9.6 Cu hi v bi tp .......................................................................
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B m (Counter) ............................................................................. 170

10.1 Gii thiu .................................................................................. 170
10.2 B m ln CTU (Count Up) ..................................................... 171
IV
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Mc lc
10.3 B m xung CTD (Count Down) ...........................................

10.4 B m ln-xung CTUD (Count Up/Down) .............................
10.5 ng dng b m .....................................................................
10.5.1 m sn phm c ng gi .....................................
10.5.2 Kim sot ch cho Garage ngm .................................
10.6 Cu hi v bi tp .....................................................................
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iu khin trnh t ............................................................................

11.1 Cu trc chung ca mt chng trnh iu khin ....................
11.2 iu khin trnh t ...................................................................
11.2.1 Gii thiu .....................................................................
11.2.2 Phng php lp trnh iu khin trnh t ..................
11.3 Cc th tc tng qut thit k bi ton trnh t ....................
11.4 Cu trc ca bi ton iu khin trnh t ..................................
11.4.1 Chui trnh t ..............................................................
11.4.2 Kiu hot ng .............................................................
11.4.3 Cc thng bo ..............................................................
11.4.4 Kch hot ng ra ...........................................................
11.5 Cc k hiu ...............................................................................
11.6 Bc trnh t ............................................................................
11.7 Cc lnh biu din trong s chc nng ...............................
11.8 Cc ch hot ng, cnh bo v xut lnh ..........................
11.8.1 Bng iu khin ...........................................................
11.8.2 Cc khu ch hot ng c cnh bo .....................
11.8.3 Hin th bc trnh t ...................................................
11.8.4 Xut lnh ......................................................................
11.9 Cc v d ng dng ..................................................................
11.9.1 My phay n gin ......................................................
11.9.2 Bng chuyn m to ..................................................
11.10 Cu hi v bi tp ........................................................
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An ton trong PLC ............................................................................ 218

12.1 Khi nim v mc ch ............................................................. 218
12.2 H hng PLC ........................................................................ 218
12.3 Cc quan im v k thut an ton PLC ............................... 219
12.3.1 Cc li nguy him v khng nguy him ........................ 219
12.3.2 Cc cch gii quyt cho hot ng an ton ca
thit b iu khin PLC ............................................................... 220
12.4 Bo v cc ng ra PLC ............................................................. 223
12.4.1 Bo v ng ra dng Transistor ..................................... 224
12.4.2 Bo v ng ra Rle c ngun iu khin DC ............... 224
12.4.3 Bo v ng ra Rle v ng ra AC c ngun
iu khin AC ................................................................ 224
12.5 Cu hi v bi tp ..................................................................... 225
13
Chuyn iu khin kt ni cng sang iu khin bng PLC ........ 226

13.1 Kt ni ng vo/ ra ca PLC t mt s iu khin
c tip im ............................................................................... 226
13.2 Chuyn i iu khin t contactor thnh PLC ......................... 228
Mc lc
14
VI
13.2.1 iu khin thit b b cng sut phn khng ................

13.2.2 Thit b nghin ..............................................................
13.3 iu khin kh nn ....................................................................
13.3.1 My un thanh kim loi ................................................
13.3.2 My doa ming ng kim loi .........................................
13.4 Cu hi v bi tp .....................................................................
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Cc php ton c bn trong iu khin s ....................................

14.1 Cc dng s trong PLC ............................................................
14.1.1 Kiu d liu Integer (INT) .............................................
14.1.2 Kiu d liu Double Integer (DINT) ..............................
14.1.3 Kiu d liu s thc (REAL) ........................................
14.1.4 Kiu d liu s BCD (Binary Coded Decimal) ..............
14.2 Chc nng sao chp ................................................................
14.2.1 Cc lnh sao chp, trao i ni dung ...........................
14.2.2 Cc lnh sao chp mt mng ln d liu ....................
14.3 Php ton so snh ....................................................................
14.4 Php ton s hc ......................................................................
14.4.1 Cng v tr ..................................................................
14.4.2 Nhn v chia ................................................................
14.4.3 V d php ton s hc ................................................
14.5 Tng v gim thanh ghi ...........................................................
14.6 Cc php tan logic s .............................................................
14.6.1 Cc logic s trong S7-200 ............................................
14.6.2 ng dng .....................................................................
14.6.2.1 Che v tr cc bit ............................................
14.6.2.2 Chn thm bit ................................................
14.7 Chc nng dch/quay thanh ghi ................................................
14.7.1 Chc nng dch chuyn thanh ghi ................................
14.7.1.1 Dch tri .........................................................
14.7.1.2 Dch phi .......................................................
14.7.2 Chc nng quay thanh ghi ...........................................
14.7.2.1 Quay tri .......................................................
14.7.2.2 Quay phi .....................................................
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Chu Ch c
Tng quan v iu khin
1.1
Khi nim chung v iu khin
Tng quan v iu khin
iu khin c nhim v thc hin cc chc nng ring ca mt my mc

hay thit b theo mt trnh t hot ng nh trc ph thuc vo trng thi
ca my hay b pht tn hiu.
S iu khin c phn bit theo cc c im khc nhau:
* Theo loi biu din thng tin
- iu khin nh phn: X l tn hiu u vo nh phn (tn hiu 1-0) thnh cc
tn hiu ra nh phn.
- iu khin s: X l cc thng tin s, c ngha cc thng tin c biu din
di dng s.
* Theo loi x l tn hiu
- iu khin lin kt: Cc trng thi tn hiu xc nh ca ng ra c iu
khin bi cc trng thi tn hiu ca ng vo tu thuc vo cc chc nng lin
kt (AND, OR, NOT).
- iu khin trnh t: iu khin vi trnh t theo tng bc, s ng mch
ca mt bc sau xy ra ph thuc vo iu kin ng mch tip theo. iu
kin ng mch tip theo c th ph thuc vo qui trnh hay thi gian.
- iu khin khng ng b: Vic iu khin c x l s thay i trc tip
ca tn hiu ng vo khng cn tn hiu xung ph (iu khin chm).
- iu khin ng b xung: Vic iu khin c x l cc tn hiu ch ng
b vi mt tn hiu xung (iu khin nhanh).
* Theo loi thc hin chng trnh
- iu khin theo chng trnh kt ni cng: Loi iu khin ny c th c
lp trnh c nh, c ngha khng th thay i c v d nh lp t dy ni
c nh hay c th thay i chng trnh thng qua cc u ni (ma trn
diode).
- iu khin kh trnh: Chc nng iu khin c lu gi trong mt b nh
chng trnh. Nu s dng b nh c/ghi (RAM), th c th thay i chng
trnh m khng cn can thip n phn c kh (iu khin c th lp trnh t
do). Nu ngc li l mt b nh ch c (ROM), th chng trnh c th
Tng quan v iu khin
Chu Ch c
c thay i bng cch thay i b nh (iu khin c th thay i chng

trnh).
Hnh 1.1: S cc loi iu khin
1.2 Cu trc mt qui trnh iu khin

Mi s iu khin c chia ra lm 3 b phn hp thnh: Ng vo d
liu (ng vo tn hiu), X l d liu (x l tn hiu cng nh cc lin kt) v
ng ra d liu ( ng ra tn hiu). Dng d liu trong mt s iu khin xy ra
t u vo d liu qua phn x l d liu n ng ra d liu.
Do
ng d lieu
Datenflu
Ngo
vao d lieu
Dateneingabe
Anpassung
Giao tip
tn
Signal
Ngo vao
eingabe
hieu
X ly d lieu
Datenverarbeitung
Verarbeitung
X ly
Ngo
ra d lieu
Datenausgabe
Khuech ai
Verstrkung
Ausgabe
Ngo ra
Ngun
cung cp
Stromversorgung
Hnh 1.2: Cu trc chung ca mt qui trnh iu khin
+ Ng vo tn hiu:
Bao gm cc loi tn hiu ca cc b pht tn hiu nh

nt nhn, cng tc hnh trnh, cm bin in dung,
cm bin in cm .v.v..
Chu Ch c
Tng quan v iu khin
Tu thuc vo loi iu khin, cc tn hiu c th l

nh phn, s hay tn hiu tng t.
+ Giao tip:
Phn ny cn thit, nu tn hiu ca mt h thng l

cn phi c x l. Mt b phn chuyn i t tn
hiu ng vo thnh tn hiu ph hp vi mc ca tn
hiu x l c t phn giao tip.
+ X l:
Ton b cc lin kt, trnh t thi gian, cc chc nng

nh, m .v.v.. c thc hin trong phn ny.
Phn x l l phn chnh ca tt c cc h thng iu
khin. Cc k thut iu khin c tip im nh khi
ng t ph, relay thi gian, k thut iu khin bng
mch in t (nh AND, OR, NOT ...) c PLC hay
my tnh iu khin qu trnh tng hp ti y.
+ Khuch i:
Cc tn hiu t phn x l c mc cng sut b

c khuch i ln ln nhiu ln y c th
iu khin cc khi ng t, van t hay cc i tng
iu khin khc v cc n bo.
+ Ng ra:
Phn ny c kt ni vi i tng iu khin m c

nh hng trc tip n qu trnh iu khin (v d:
Khi ng t, van t, thyristor, v.v..)
1.3 Cc loi iu khin

Trong k thut iu khin cng nh t ng ha, ngi ta chia ra lm hai
loi iu khin: iu khin kt ni cng v iu khin kh trnh.
* iu khin kt ni cng
iu khin kt ni cng l loi iu khin m cc chc nng ca n c
t c nh (ni dy). Nu mun thay i chc nng iu c ngha l thay
i kt ni dy. iu khin kt ni cng c th thc hin vi cc tip im
(Relay, khi ng t, v.v.) hay in t (mch in t).
* iu khin kh trnh (PLC)
iu khin kh trnh l loi iu khin m chc nng ca n c t c
nh thng qua mt chng trnh cn gi l b nh chng trnh. S iu
khin bao gm mt thit b iu khin m tt c cc b pht tn hiu cn
thit v i tng iu khin c kt ni cho mt chc nng c th. Nu
chc nng iu khin cn c thay i, th ch phi thay i chng trnh
bng thit b lp trnh i tng iu khin tng ng hay cm mt b nh
chng trnh lp trnh khc vo trong iu khin.
Tng quan v iu khin
Chu Ch c
Elektrische
Steuerungen
ieu khie
n ien
speicherprogrammiert
Kh trnh
verbindungsprogrammiert
Kt ni cng
Chng
trnh
Programm
THIT
B T NG HA
AUTOMATISIERUNGSGERT
B nh
Programm
Speicher
chng
trnh
Hnh 1.3: Hai loi iu khin trong sn xut
1.4 H thng s
Trong x l cc phn t nh, cc ng vo, cc ng ra, thi gian, cc
nh v.v... bng PLC th h thp phn khng c s dng m l h thng s
nh phn (h hai tr).
* H nh phn
H nh phn ch c cc s 0 v 1, c th c c v biu din gi tr
d dng trong k thut. Gi tr nh v ca mt s nh phn l s m ca hai.
ln ca s thng thng c biu din dng m BCD (Binary-CodeDecimal). i vi mi s Decimal c vit vi s nh phn 4 v tr.
* S thp lc phn ( Hexadecimal)
H thp lc phn c 16 k hiu khc nhau t 0-9 v A-F. Gi tr nh
v ca mt s thp lc phn s m ca 16.
- H nh phn:
Ch s: 0,1
Gi tr nh v = S m ca c s 2
23
22
21
20
Chu Ch c
V d:
123
+ 122 +
021
- H thp lc phn:
Tng quan v iu khin
1
+ 120
+ 1
= 13D
ch s: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E;F
Gi tr nh v = S m ca c s 16
163
162
4096
V d:
256
161
160
16
2162
A161
B160
512
160
11 =
683 D
1.5 Cc khi nim x l thng tin

Trong PLC, hu ht cc khi nim trong x l thng tin cng nh d liu
u c s dng nh Bit, Byte, Word v doubleword.
1.5.1
Bit
Bit l n v thng tin nh phn nh nht, c c th c gi tr 0 hoc 1.
1 c
in p
24 V
0V
0 khng c
in p
Hnh 1.4: Mt bit c th c trng thi tn hiu 1 hoc 0
1.5.2
Byte
Tng quan v iu khin
Chu Ch c
1 Byte gm c 8 Bit
BYTE
0 1 0
0 0
1
Trng thi tn hiu
1.5.3
Word
1 Word gom co 2 Byte hay 16 Bit. Vi Word co the bieu dien cac
dang: so nh phan, ky t hay cau lenh ieu khien.
Trng thi tn hiu
WORD
0 1 1
0 0 1
1 Byte
1.5.4
1 0
1 0
0 1
1 Byte
DoubleWord
1 DoubleWord gom co 4 Byte hay 32 Bit. Vi DoubleWord co the bieu

dien cac dang: so nh phan, ky t hay cau lenh ieu khien.
0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1
1 Word
1 Word
Tom tat:
Gi tr 0 hoc 1
1 Bit
1 Byte
1 Word
1 Byte
1 Byte
1 doubleWord
1 Word
1 Word
Chu Ch c
B iu khin lp trnh PLC
B iu khin lp trnh PLC Cu trc

v phng thc hot ng
2.1
Gii thiu
Cc thnh phn ca k thut iu khin in v in t ngy cng ng

mt vai tr v cng to ln trong lnh vc t ng ha ngy cng cao. Trong
nhng nm gn y, bn cnh vic iu khin bng Relay v khi ng t th
vic iu khin c th lp trnh c cng pht trin vi h thng ng mch
in t v thc hin lp trnh bng my tnh. Trong nhiu lnh vc, cc loi
iu khin c c thay i bi cc b iu khin c th lp trnh c, c
th gi l cc b iu khin logic kh trnh, vit tt trong ting Anh l PLC
(Programmable Logic Controller).
S khc bit c bn gia iu khin logic kh trnh ( thay i c qui
trnh hot ng) v iu khin theo kt ni cng (khng thay i c qui
trnh hot ng) l: S kt ni dy khng cn na, thay vo l chng trnh.
C th lp trnh cho PLC nh vo cc ngn ng lp trnh n gin. c
bit i vi ngi s dng khng cn nh vo cc ngn ng lp trnh kh
khn, cng c th lp trnh PLC c nh vo cc lin kt logic c bn.
Nh vy thit b PLC lm nhim v thay th phn mch in iu khin
trong khu x l s liu. Nhim v ca s mch iu khin s c xc
nh bi mt s hu hn cc bc thc hin xc nh gi l chng trnh.
Chng trnh ny m t cc bc thc hin gi mt tin trnh iu khin, tin
trnh ny c lu vo b nh nn c gi l iu khin theo lp trnh
nh hay iu khin kh trnh. Trn c s khc nhau khu x l s liu c
th biu din hai h iu khin nh sau:
Chu Ch c
Cc bc thit lp h
Cc bc thit lp h
iu khin bng relay in
iu khin bng PLC
Xc nh nhim v iu khin
Xc nh nhim v iu khin
S mch in
Thit k thut gii
Chn phn t mch in
San tho chng trnh
Dy ni lin kt cc phn t
Kim tra hot ng
Kim tra hot ng

Khi thay i nhim v iu khin th ngi ta thay i mch iu khin:
Lp li mch, thay i cc phn t mi h iu khin bng relay in. Trong
khi khi thay i nhim v iu khin h iu khin logic kh trnh (PLC)
th ngi ta ch thay i chng trnh son tho.
2.2 S khc nhau gia h iu khin bng relay v h iu

khin bng PLC
S khc nhau gia h iu khin bng relay v h iu khin bng PLC
c th minh ho mt cch c th nh sau:
iu khin h thng ca 3 my bm qua 3 khi ng t K1, K2, K3.
Trnh t iu khin nh sau: Cc khi ng t ch c php thc hin tun
t, ngha l K1 ng trc, tip theo K2 ng v cui cng K3 mi ng.
thc hin nhim v theo yu cu trn mch iu khin c thit k
nh sau:
F1
S1
S2
K1
S3
K2 S4
K1
K1
K2
Hnh 2.1: Mch iu khin trnh t 3 my bm
K2
K3
K3
Chu Ch c
Khi ng t K2 s ng khi cng tc S3 ng vi iu kin l khi ng

t K1 ng trc . Phng thc iu khin nh vy c gi l iu
khin trnh t. Tin trnh iu khin ny c thc hin mt cch cng bc.
- Bn nt nhn S1, S2, S3, S4: Cc phn t nhp tn hiu.
- Cc tip im K1, K2, K3 v cc mi ni lin kt l cc phn t x l.
- Cc khi ng t K1, K2, K3 l kt qu x l.
Nu thay i mch in iu khin phn x l bng h PLC ta c th
biu din h thng nh sau:
- Phn t vo: Cc nt nhn S1, S2, S3, S4 vn gi nguyn.
- Phn t ra: Ba khi ng t K1, K2, K3, ng v m ba my bm vn gi
nguyn.
- Phn t x l: c thay th bng PLC.
S kt ni vi PLC c cho nh hnh 2.3. Trnh t ng m theo
yu cu ra s c lp trnh, chng trnh s c np vo b nh.
By gi gi thit rng nhim v iu khin s thay i. H thng ba my
bm vn gi nguyn, nhng trnh t c thc hin nh sau: ch ng c
hai trong ba my bm hoc mi my bm c th hot ng mt cch c lp.
Nh vy theo yu cu mi i vi h thng iu khin bng relay in phi
thit k li mch iu khin, s lp rp phi thc hin li hon ton mi.
S mch iu khin biu din nh hnh 2.4.
Nh vy mch iu khin s thay i rt nhiu nhng phn t a tn
hiu vo v ra vn gi nguyn, chi ph cho nhim v mi s cao hn.
Nu ta thay i h iu khin trn bng h iu khin lp trnh PLC, khi
nhim v iu khin thay i th thc hin s nhanh hn v n gin hn
bng cch thay i li chng trnh.
Hnh 2.2: S mch c chuyn thnh chng trnh trong PLC
Chu Ch c
24V
S2
S1
S3
S4
24V
in1
in2
in3
0V
out1
out2
out3
K1
K2
in4
K3
0V
Hnh 2.3: S kt ni vi PLC
Hnh 2.4: S mch iu khin 3 ng c c thay i

H iu khin lp trnh PLC c nhng u im sau:
- Thch ng vi nhng nhim v iu khin khc nhau.
- Kh nng thay i n gin trong qu trnh a thit b vo s dng.
- Tit kim khng gian lp t.
- Tit kim thi gian trong qu trnh m rng v pht trin nhim v iu
khin bng cch copy cc chng trnh.
- Cc thit b iu khin theo chun.
- Khng cn cc tip im.
- v.v
H thng iu khin lp trnh PLC c s rng rt rng ri trong cc
ngnh khc nhau:
- iu khin thang my.
- iu khin cc qu trnh sn xut khc nhau: sn sut bia, sn xut xi
mng v.v ....
10
Chu Ch c
- H thng ra t t ng.
- Thit b khai thc .
- Thit b ng gi bao b, t ng m v trng km v.v ...
- Thit b sy.
-
2.3 Cu trc ca mt PLC

Cc b iu khin PLC c sn xut theo dng sn phm. Khi mi xut
xng, chng cha c mt chng trnh cho mt ng dng no c. Tt c
cc cng logic c bn, chc nng nh, timer, counter .v.v... c nh ch to
tch hp trong chng v c kt ni vi nhau bng chng trnh c vit
bi ngi dng cho mt nhim v iu khin c th no . B iu khin
PLC c nhiu loi khc nhau v c phn bit vi nhau qua cc thnh phn
sau:
- Cc ng vo v ra
- Dung lng nh
- B m (counter)
- B nh thi (timer)
- Bit nh
- Cc chc nng c bit
- Tc x l
- Loi x l chng trnh.
- Kh nng truyn thng.
Cc b iu khin ln th cc thnh phn trn c lp thnh cc modul
ring. i vi cc b iu khin nh, chng c tch hp trong b iu
khin. Cc b iu khin nh ny c s lng ng vo/ra cho trc c nh.
B iu khin c cung cp tn hiu bi cc tn hiu t cc cm bin
ng vo ca n. Tn hiu ny c x l tip tc thng qua chng trnh iu
khin t trong b nh chng trnh. Kt qu x l c a ra ng ra
n i tng iu khin hay khu iu khin dng tn hiu.
Cu trc ca mt PLC c th c m t nh hnh v sau:
11
Chu Ch c
Hnh 2.5: Cu trc chung ca b iu khin lp trnh PLC

* B nh chng trnh
B nh chng trnh trong PLC l mt b nh in t c bit c th c
c. Nu s dng b nh c-ghi c (RAM), th ni dung ca n lun
lun c thay i v d nh trong trng hp vn hnh iu khin. Trong
trng hp in p ngun b mt th ni dung trong RAM c th vn c gi
li nu nh c s dng Pin d phng.
Nu chng trnh iu khin lm vic n nh, hp l, n c th c
np vo mt b nh c nh, v d nh EPROM, EEPROM. Ni dung chng
trnh EPROM c th b xa bng tia cc tm.
* H iu hnh
Sau khi bt ngun cung cp cho b iu khin, h iu hnh ca n s
t cc counter, timer, d liu v bit nh vi thuc tnh non-retentive (khng
c nh bi Pin d phng) cng nh ACCU v 0.
x l chng trnh, h iu hnh c tng dng chng trnh t u
n cui. Tng ng h iu hnh thc hin chng trnh theo cc cu lnh.
* Bit nh (Bit memoryt)
Cc bit memory l cc phn t nh, m h iu hnh ghi nh trng thi
tn hiu.
* B m (Proccess Image)
B m l mt vng nh, m h iu hnh ghi nh cc trng thi tn hiu
cc ng vo ra nh phn.
12
Chu Ch c
* Accumulator
Accumulator l mt b nh trung gian m qua n timer hay counter c
np vo hay thc hin cc php ton s hc.
* Counter, Timer
Timer v counter cng l cc vng nh, h iu hnh ghi nh cc gi tr
m trong n.
* H thng Bus
B nh chng trnh, h iu hnh v cc modul ngoi vi (cc ng vo
v ng ra) c kt ni vi PLC thng qua Bus ni. Mt Bus bao gm cc dy
dn m cc d liu c trao i. H iu hnh t chc vic truyn d liu
trn cc dy dn ny.
2.4 Cc khi ca PLC

Cc khi khc nhau ca mt PLC c cho nh hnh 2.6.
2.4.1 Khi ngun cung cp

Khi ngun c nhim v bin i in p li (110V hay 220V ) thnh
in p thp hn cung cp cho cc khi ca thit b t ng. in p ny l
24VDC. Cc in p cho cm bin, thit b iu chnh v cc n bo nm
trong khong (24...220V) c th c cung cp thm t cc ngun ph v d
nh bin p.
Hnh 2.6:Cc khi trong mt PLC
13
Chu Ch c
2.4.2 B nh chng trnh

Cc phn t nh l cc linh kin m thng tin c th c lu tr (c
nh) trong n dng tn hiu nh phn. Trong PLC cc b nh bn dn c
s dng lm b nh chng trnh. Mt b nh bao gm 512, 1024, 2048 . .
.phn t nh, cc phn t nh ny sp t theo cc a ch t 0 ti 511, 1023
hoc 2047 . . .. Thng thng s lng ca cc phn t nh trong mt b
nh cho bit dung lng ca n l bao nhiu kilobyte (1kB = 1024 byte).
Trong mi nh c th m t mt cu lnh iu khin nh thit b lp trnh.
Mi phn t nh phn ca mt nh c th c trng thi tn hiu "0" hoc "1".
S ca mt b nh chng trnh c cho nh hnh 2.7.
* B nh c-ghi RAM (random-access memory)
B nh ghi-c c 1 s lng cc nh xc nh. Mi nh c 1 dung
lng nh c nh v n ch tip nhn 1 lng thng tin nht nh. Cc nh
c k hiu bng cc a ch ring ca n. B nh ny cha cc chng
trnh cn sa i hoc cc d liu, kt qu tm thi trong qu trnh tnh ton,
lp trnh. c im ca loi ny l d liu s mt i khi h thng mt in.
RAM c hnh dung nh mt t cha c nhiu ngn ko. Mi ngn ko
c nh s mt a ch v ngi ta c th ct vo hoc ly cc d liu ra.
Hnh 2.7: S mt b nh chng trnh

* B nh c nh ROM (read-only memory)
B nh c nh (ROM) cha cc thng tin khng c kh nng xa c
v khng th thay i c. Cc thng tin ny do cc nh sn xut vit ra v
khng th thay i c. Chng trnh trong b nh ROM c nhim v sau:
14
iu khin v kim tra cc chc nng hot ng ca CPU. c gi

l h iu hnh.
Dch ngn ng lp trnh thnh ngn ng my.
Chu Ch c
Mt ROM c th so snh vi mt quyn sch. Trong n cha cc

thng tin c nh, khng th thay i c v ta ch c cc thng tin m
thi. c im ca loi ny l d liu vn tn ti khi mt in.
* EPROM (eraseable read-only memory)
EPROM l mt b nh c nh c th lp trnh v xa c. Ni dung
ca EPROM c th xa bng tia cc tm v c th lp trnh li.
* EEPROM (electrically eraseable read-only memory)
EEPROM l b nh c nh c th lp trnh v xa bng in. Mi nh
trong EEPROM cho php lp trnh v xa bng in.
2.4.3 Khi trung tm (CPU)

Khi CPU l loi khi c cha b vi x l, h iu hnh, b nh, cc b
thi gian, b m, cng truyn thng ... v c th cn c mt vi cng vo ra
s. Cc cng vo ra s c trn CPU c gi l cng vo/ra onboard.
2.4.4
Khi vo
Cc ng vo ca khi ny s c kt ni vi cc b chuyn i tn hiu

v bin i cc tn hiu ny thnh tn hiu ph hp vi tn hiu x l ca CPU.
Da vo loi tn hiu vo s c cc khi ng vo tng ng. Gm c hai loi
khi vo c bn sau:
Khi vo s (DI: Digital Input):
Cc ng vo ca khi ny c kt ni vi cc b chuyn i to ra
tn hiu nh phn nh nt nhn, cng tc, cm bin to tn hiu nh phn
.v.v... Do tn hiu ti ng vo c th c mc logic tng ng vi cc in
p khc nhau, do khi s dng cn phi ch n in p cn thit cung
cp cho khi vo phi ph hp vi in p tng ng m b chuyn i
tn hiu nh phn to ra.
V d: Cc nt nhn, cng tc c ni vi ngun 24VDC th yu cu
phi s dng khi vo c ngun cung cp cho n l 24VDC.
Khi vo tng t (AI: Analog Input):
Khi ny c nhim v bin i tn hiu tng t (hay cn gi l tn
hiu analog) thnh tn hiu s. Cc ng vo ca khi ny c kt ni vi
cc b chuyn i to ra tn hiu analog nh cm bin nhit
(Thermocouple), cm bin lu lng, ng ra analog ca bin tn .v.v...Khi
s dng cc khi vo analog cn phi ch n loi tn hiu analog c
to ra t cc b chuyn i (cm bin)
V d: Cc cm bin to ra tn hiu analog l dng in (4..20 mA) th
phi s dng ng vo analog l loi nhn tn hiu dng in (4..20 mA).
Nu cm bin to ra tn hiu analog l in p (0..5V) th phi s dng ng
vo analog nhn tn hiu l in p (0..5V).
15
2.4.5
Chu Ch c
Khi ra
Khi ny c nhim v khuch i cc tn hiu sau x l ca CPU (c

gi n vng m ra) cung cp cho i tng iu khin l cun dy, n
bo, van t .v.v.. Ty thuc vo i tng iu khin nhn tn hiu dng no
m s c cc khi ra tng ng. Gm c hai loi khi ra tiu biu:
Khi ra s (DO: Digital Output):
Cc ng ra ca khi ny c kt ni vi cc i tng iu khin
nhn tn hiu nh phn nh n bo, cun dy relay .v.v...V i tng iu
khin nhn tn hiu nh phn s dng nhiu cp in p khc nhau nn khi
s dng cc khi ra s cn phi ch n in p cung cp cho n c ph
hp vi in p cung cp cho i tng iu khin hay khng. Theo loi
in p s dng, ng ra s c phn thnh hai loi:
-
in p mt chiu (DC: Direct Current): Gm c hai loi ng ra l

Transistor v relay. Thng thng trong cng nghip in p mt chiu
c s dng l 24V.
in p xoay chiu (AC: Alternative Current): Gm c hai loi ng ra l

relay v TRIAC.
Khi ra tng t (AO: Analog Output):

Khi ny c nhim v bin i tn hiu s c gi t CPU n i
tng iu khin thnh tn hiu tng t. Cc ng ra ca khi ny c
kt ni vi cc i tng iu khin nhn tn hiu tng t nh ng vo
analog ca bin tn, van t l, .v.v... Khi s dng cc ng ra tng t cn
ch n loi tn hiu tng t cung cp cho i tng iu khin c ph
hp vi tn hiu tng t m i tng iu khin cn nhn hay khng.
V d: Ng vo analog ca bin tn nhn tn hiu l in p (0..10V)
th nht thit phi s dng ng ra tng t to ra tn hiu analog l in p
(0..10V).
2.4.6
Cc khi c bit
Ngoi ra cn c mt s khi khc m nhn cc chc nng c bit nh

x l truyn thng, thc hin cc chc nng c bit nh: iu khin v tr,
iu khin vng kn, m tc cao .v.v...
Ty thuc vo tng loi PLC m cc khi trn c th cc dng module
ring hoc c tch hp chung trong khi x l trung tm (CPU).
2.5 Phng thc thc hin chng trnh trong PLC

Hnh v minh ha vic x l chng trnh trong CPU c cho nh hnh 2.8
16
Chu Ch c
Bt u chu k
Ng vo
PII = Process-image input table (vng m vo)

Chng trnh:
- Bit memory
- Timer
- Counter
-....
Network 1
I0.0
Motor on/off
Q0.0
Network 2
Dao chieu quay
I0.1
Q0.1
PIQ = Process-image output table (vng m ra)
Ng ra
Kt thc chu k
Hnh 2.8: Chu k qut trong PLC

PLC thc hin chng trnh cheo chu trnh lp. Mi vng lp c gi l
vng qut (scan). Mi vng qut c bt u bng giai on chuyn d liu
t cc cng vo s ti vng b m o ng vo (I), tip theo l giai on thc
hin chng trnh. Trong tng dng qut, chng trnh c thc hin t
lnh u tin n lnh kt thc. Sau giai on thc hin chng trnh l giai
on chuyn cc ni dung ca b m o ng ra (Q) ti cc cng ra s. Vng
qut c kt thc bng giai on truyn thng ni b v kim tra li.
Thi gian cn thit PLC thc hin c mt vng qut gi l thi gian
vng qut (Scan time). Thi gian vng qut khng c nh, tc l khng phi
vng qut no cng c thc hin trong mt khong thi gian nh nhau. C
vng qut thc hin lu, c vng qut thc hin nhanh ty thuc vo s lnh
trong chng trnh c thc hin, vo khi lng d liu truyn thng ...
trong vng qut .
Nh vy gia vic c d liu t i tng x l, tnh ton v vic gi
tn hiu iu khin ti i tng c mt khong thi gian tr ng bng thi
gian vng qut. Ni cch khc, thi gian vng qut quyt nh tnh thi gian
thc ca chng trnh iu khin trong PLC. Thi gian qut cng ngn, tnh
thi gian thc ca chng trnh cng cao.
Ti thi im thc hin lnh vo/ra, thng thng lnh khng lm vic
trc tip vi cng vo/ra m ch thng qua b m o ca cng trong vng
17
Chu Ch c
nh tham s. Vic truyn thng gia b m o vi ngoi vi do h iu hnh

CPU qun l. mt s module CPU, khi gp lnh vo/ra ngay lp tc, h
thng s cho dng mi cng vic khc, ngay c chng trnh x l ngt,
thc hin lnh trc tip vi cng vo/ra.
18
Chu Ch c
3 Cm bin v c cu chp hnh trong iu khin logic
Cm bin v c cu chp hnh trong

iu khin logic.
Chng ny nhm gip cho bn c tm hiu s lc v mt s cc thit

b ngoi vi s c kt ni vi cc ng vo ra s ca PLC v mt s k hiu
v cc thit b ngoi vi.
3.1
Cm bin
3.1.1
Gii thiu
Cm bin (sensor) cho php PLC pht hin trng thi ca mt qu trnh.
Cc cm bin logic ch c th pht hin trng thi ng hoc sai. Cc hin
tng vt l tiu biu cn c pht hin l:
-
Tip cn cm: cho bit mt i tng l kim loi c n gn v tr cn

nhn bit cha?
Tip cn dung: cho bit mt i tng l khng kim loi c n gn v

tr cn nhn bit cha?
S xut hin nh sng: Cho bit mt i tng c lm ngt chm tia

sng hay nh sng phn x?
Tip xc c hc: i tng c chm vo cng tc?
Gi thnh ca cm bin ngy cng gim thp v tr nn thng dng.

Chng c nhiu hnh dng khc nhau c sn xut bi nhiu cng ty khc
nhau nh Siemens, Omron, Pepperl+Fuch, Trong cc ng dng, cc cm
bin c kt ni vi PLC ca nhiu hng khc nhau, nhng mi cm bin s
c cc yu cu giao tip ring. Phn ny s trnh by cch thc ni dy cho
cc cm bin v mt s tnh cht c bn ca n.
3.1.2
Ni dy cho cm bin
Khi mt cm bin pht hin mt s thay i trng thi logic th n phi

truyn trng thi thay i ny n PLC. Tiu biu l vic ng hoc ngt dng
in hay in p. Trong mt vi trng hp, ng ra ca cm bin s dng
ng mch trc tip cho ti m khng thng qua PLC. Cc ng ra tiu biu
ca cm bin l:
-
Sinking/Sourcing:
ng hoc ngt dng in
Switches:
ng hoc ngt in p
19
Chu Ch c
Solid State Relays:
Chuyn mch AC
TTL (Transistor Transistor Logic): S dng in p 0V v 5V ch

th mc logic.
3.1.2.1 Switch
Mt v d n gin nht ca cc ng ra cm bin switch v relay c
cho nh hnh 3.1.
Hnh 3.1: Cm bin c ng ra l relay s dng ngun DC v AC .

3.1.2.2 Ng ra TTL
Ng ra TTL c hai mc in p: 0V tng ng l mc thp, 5V tng
ng mc cao. in p thc t c th ln hn 0V hoc nh hn 5V mt cht
vn c th pht hin ng. Phng php ny rt d b nhiu trong mi trng
nh my cho nn n ch c s dng khi cn thit. Cc ng ra TTL thng
dng trong cc thit b in t v my tnh. Khi kt ni vi cc thit b khc th
mt mch Schmitt trigger thng c s dng ci thin tn hiu (hnh
3.2).
Hnh 3.2: Mch Schmitt trigger

Mch Schmitt trigger s nhn in p ng vo gia 0-5V v chuyn i
n thnh 0V hoc 5V. Nu in p nm trong khong 1.5-3.5V th khng chp
nhn. Nu mt cm bin c ng ra TTL th PLC phi s dng cc ng vo l
TTL c cc gi tr ny. Nu cc cm bin TTL c s dng cho cc ng
dng khc th nn ch dng ng ra cc i ca cm bin (thng khong
20mA).
3.1.2.3 Ng ra Sinking/Sourcing
Cc cm bin c ng ra Sinking (rt dng) cho php dng in chy vo
cm bin. Cn cc cm bin c ng ra sourcing (ngun dng) cho php dng
in chy t cm bin ra i tng c kt ni. hai ng ra ny cn ch
l dng in ch khng phi in p. Bng cch s dng dng in th nhiu
c loi tr bt.
20
Chu Ch c
Khi gii thch v vn sinking hay sourcing th ta nn quy cc ng ra

ca cm bin tc ng nh cng tc. Trong thc t, cc ng ra ca cm bin
thng l mt transistor chuyn mch. Transistor PNP c s dng cho ng
ra sourcing, v transistor NPN c s dng cho ng vo sinking. Khi gii
thch cc cm bin ny th khi nim ngun dng thng c dng cho
PNP, v rt dng vi NPN. V d cm bin ng ra sinking c cho hnh
3.3.
Hnh 3.3: Cm bin NPN (cm bin rt dng).
Hnh 3.4: Cm bin PNP (cm bin sourcing)

cm bin hot ng cn phi c ngun cung cp (chn L+ v L-). Khi
cm bin pht hin i tng th c in p ti cc B ca transistor NPN,
transistor chuyn sang trng thi dn v cho php dng chy vo cm bin
xung mass (chn L-).
Khi khng pht hin i tng th in p ti cc B ca transistor mc
thp (0V), transistor khng dn. iu ny c ngha ng ra NPN s khng c
dng vo/ra.
Cc cm bin sourcing th ngc vi cc cm bin sinking. N s
dng transistor PNP (hnh 3.4). Khi cm bin khng c kch hot th cc B
ca transistor gi tr L+, v transistor trng thi ngng dn. Khi cm bin
c kch hot th cc B transistor s c t 0V, v transistor cho php
dng in chy t cm bin ra ngoi thit b c kt ni.
Hu ht cc cm bin NPN/PNP c kh nng dng n vi ampere, v chng
c th c s dng ni trc tip vi ti (lun lun kim tra s tay bit
chnh xc dng in v in p nh mc).
Ch : Cn phi nh kim tra dng in v in p nh mc i vi cc cm
bin. Khi ni dy cc cm bin cn ch n cc chn ngun. Thng cc
21
Chu Ch c
chn ngun c k hiu l L+ v COM(chn chung), nhng i khi khng c

chn COM m c chn L-. Trong trng hp ny L- l chn chung.
Khi kt ni cc cm bin sourcing vi cc ng PLC, th cn ch phi
s dng cc modul ng vo loi sinking. Thng thng cc ng vo PLC
thng l loi sinking.
Trong ng dng vi PLC, gim lng dy ni, th cc cm bin hai
dy thng c s dng. V d v s ni dy cc cm bin s dng
ngun 24VDC vi PLC c ch nh hnh 3.5. Cm bin hai dy c th c
s dng cho c hai loi ng vo sourcing hoc ng vo sinking ca PLC.
a. Ng vo PLC loi sourcing
b. Ng vo PLC loi sinking
Hnh 3.5: Kt ni cm bin 2 dy vi ng vo PLC.

Hu ht cc cm bin hin i c c hai ng ra PNP v NPN. Thng
thng cm bin loi PNP thng c s dng cho cc ng vo PLC.
Trong cc bn v th cc chn ca cc cm bin NPN v PNP c k hiu
v mu sc nh sau: dy mu nu l L+, dy mu xanh dng l L- v ng ra
th mu trng i vi sinking v mu en i vi sourcing.
Cn lu l khi tip im trong cm bin sinking ng th ng ra c
ni vi COM hoc L-, tip im trong sourcing ng th ng ra ni vi L+.
a. Ng vo PLC loi sourcing
b. Ng vo PLC loi sinking
Hnh 3.6: Kt ni cm bin NPN v PNP dy vi ng vo PLC.
22
Chu Ch c
3.1.2.4 Ng ra Solid state relay

Cc ng ra Solid state relays ng mch dng in AC. Cc cm bin
ny c s dng vi ti ln.
3.1.3 Pht hin i tng
C hai cch c bn pht hin i tng: tip xc v tip cn
(proximity).
Tip xc c ngha l tip im c kh cn mt lc tc ng gia cm bin
v i tng.
Tip cn ch bo rng mt i tng ang gn nhng khng yu
cu tip xc.
Cc phn sau y s minh ha cc kiu khc nhau ca cc cm bin
pht hin s hin din ca cc i tng. Phn ny khng i su vo cc cm
bin m ch m t cc nguyn l trong lnh vc ng dng.
3.1.3.1 Chuyn mch tip xc
Chuyn mch tip xc (contact switch ) thng c hai dng l thng h
(normally open) v thng ng (normally closed). V ca chng c gia c
c th chu c lc c tc ng nhiu ln.
3.1.3.2 Reed Switches
Reed switches th rt ging relay, ngoi tr mt nam chm vnh cu
c s dng thay th cun dy. Khi nam chm xa th tip im m, nhng
khi nam chm n gn th tip im ng li (hnh 3.7). Cc cm bin ny r
tin v chng thng c s dng cho cc mn chn v ca an ton.
Hnh 3.7: Read switch

3.1.3.3 Cm bin quang (Optical Sensor)
Cm bin nh sng c s dng gn mt th k qua. Nguyn thy l t
bo quang c s dng cho cc ng dng nh c cc track m thanh trn
cc hnh nh chuyn ng. Nhng cc cm bin quang hin i th phc tp
hn nhiu.
Cc cm bin quang yu cu c c hai b phn l ngun sng (pht) v
u thu (detector). Cc u pht (emitter) s pht ra cc tia sng trong vng
ph nhn thy v khng nhn thy c s dng LED v diode laser. u thu
c cu to l cc diode quang (photodidode) hoc transistor quang
(phototransistor). u pht v u thu c t vo v tr i tng khi
23
Chu Ch c
xut hin s ct ngang hoc phn x li tia sng. Cm bin quang n gin
cho hnh 3.8.
Trong hnh, chm sng c to ra nm bn tri, c hi t qua mt

thu knh. i din l u thu, chm tia c hi t bng mt thu knh th
hai. Nu chm tia b ngt, th u thu s ch bo mt i tng xut hin. nh
sng c to ra di dng xung cm bin c th lc c nh sng bnh
thng trong phng. nh sng t u pht c tt v m ti mt tn s t.
Khi u thu nhn nh sng, n kim tra m bo chc chn rng n c
cng tn s. Nu nh sng ang nhn c ti tn s ng th chm tia
khng b ngt. Tn s dao ng nm trong phm vi KHz. Ngoi ra vi phng
php tn s th cc cm bin c th c s dng vi cng sut thp hn v
khong cch di hn. u pht c th bt u t mt im trc tip ti u
thu, y cn gi l ch t phn x. Khi tia sng b ngt, th i tng c
pht hin. Cm bin ny cn hai b phn ring (hnh 3.9a). S xp t ny
lm vic tt vi cc i tng chn sng v phn x vi u pht v u thu
c tch ring vi khong cch ln n c trm mt.
i tng nhn bit

Phn
t thu
Phn
t pht
Sensor
24
nh sng phn x
nh sng c truyn
b. i tng nhn bit ngt nh sng
Gng
phn x
Chu Ch c
Hnh 13.9: Cc loi cm bin quang khc nhau

u thu v u pht tch ring lm tng vn v bo tr v yu cu v
s thng hng. Mt gii php khc l u pht v u thu c t chung
trn mt v. Nhng iu ny yu cu nh sng t phn x tr v (hnh
3.9b,c). Cc cm bin ny ch tt cho cc i tng ln vi khong cch mt
vi met.
Trong hnh, u pht pht mt chm tia sng. Nu nh sng b di tr v
t gng phn x th hu ht s tr v u thu. Khi mt i tng ngt chm
tia gia u pht v gng phn x th chm tia s khng t phn x tr v
u thu v cm bin c tc ng. Mt vn ri ro cho cc cm bin ny l
cc i tng t phn x li chm tia sng tt. gii quyt th s dng bin
php phn cc nh sng ti u pht (bng b lc), v sau sau s dng
mt b lc phn cc ti u thu.
3.1.3.4 Cm bin in dung (Capacitive Sensor)
Cc cm bin in dung c th pht hin hu ht cc vt liu vi khong
cch vi cm.
Cng thc biu din mi quan h in dung:
C=
e .A
d
vi
C: in dung (Farads)
e : Hng s in mi
A: Din tch bn cc
D: Khong cch gia cc bn cc.
Trong cm bin, din tch cc bn cc v khong cch gia chng l c
nh. Nhng hng s in mi ca khng gian xung quanh chng s thay i
khi cc vt liu c mang n gn cm bin. Minh ha hnh 3.10.
B mt ca cm bin in dung c hnh thnh bi hai in cc kim
loi ng tm ca mt t in. Khi mt i tng n gn b mt nhn bit n
i vo vng in trng ca cc in cc v thay i in dung trong mch
dao ng. Kt qu l b to dao ng bt u dao ng. Mch trigger c
bin ca b dao ng v khi t n mc xc nh th trng thi ng ra s
thay i. Khi i tng ri khi cm bin th bin ca b dao ng gim,
cm bin chuyn v trng thi bnh thng.
25
Khng c
i tng
C i tng
Chu Ch c
Khng c
i tng
Hnh 3.10: Cm bin in dung

Cc cm bin ny lm vic tt i vi cht cch in (nh cht do) c hng
s in mi cao (lm tng in dung). Hng s in mi cng ln th khong
cch hot ng cng cao. V d khi hiu chnh ng th cht lng trong thng
cha c th c pht hin c d dng. Tuy nhin, chng cng lm vic
tt i vi kim loi.
Cc cm bin thng c ch to vi cc vng (khng phi bn
cc) theo hnh 3.11. Trong hnh, hai vng kim loi nm bn trong l cc in
cc ca t in, nhng vng ngoi th ba c thm vo b s thay i.
Nu khng c vng b ny th cm bin s rt nhy cm vi bi bm, du v
cc cht khc dnh trn cm bin.
in cc
in cc b
Hnh 3.11: B mt nhn bit ca cm bin in dung

Phm vi v chnh xc ca cc cm bin c xc nh bi kch
thc ca chng. Cc cm bin ln c th c ng knh vi centimeter. Ci
nh c ng knh nh hn mt centimeter v c phm vi nh hn nhng
chnh xc hn.
3.1.3.5 Cm bin in cm (Inductive Sensor)
Cc cm bin in cm s dng dng in cm ng pht hin i
tng l kim loi. Cm bin in cm s dng mt cun dy to mt t
trng tn s cao c cho hnh 3.12. Nu c mt i tng l kim loi n
gn lm thay i t trng, th s c dng chy vo i tng. Dng chy ny
to ra mt t trng mi ngc vi t trng ban u. Kt qu l n lm thay
26
Chu Ch c
i t cm ca cun dy trong cm bin. Bng cch o t cm, cm

bin c th xc nh mt i tng kim loi n gn.
Cc cm bin ny s pht hin bt k kim loi no, khi cn pht hin cc
loi kim loi th cc cm bin a kim loi thng c s dng.
Hnh 3.12: Cm bin tip cn in cm

Khi i tng kim loi i vo vng in t trng, th dng in xoy
truyn vo i tng. iu ny lm tng ti trong cm bin, lm gim bin
ca in t trng. Mch trigger gim st bin dao ng khi t n mc
nh trc th n chuyn i trng thi ng ra ca cm bin. Khi i tng di
chuyn khi cm bin, th bin dao ng tng ln. Khi n gi tr nh trc
th mch trigger chuyn i trng thi ng ra tr v iu kin bnh thng.
Khng c
i tng
C i tng
Khng c
i tng
Hnh 3.13: Cm bin tip cn in cm

Cc cm bin c th pht hin cc i tng cch xa vi centimeter.
Nhng hng ca i tng c th l bt k nh hnh 3.14. T trng ca
cc cm bin khng bc bao ph xung quanh u ca cun dy ln hn.
Bng cch lp thm v bc kim loi th t trng s nh hn, nhng hng
ca i tng nhn bit c ci thin hn.
27
Chu Ch c
Hnh 3.14: Cm bin bc v khng bc v kim loi

3.1.3.6 Cm bin siu m (Ultrasonic sensor)
Cm bin siu m pht ra m thanh trn ngng nghe bnh thng
16kHz. Thi gian c yu cu m thanh di chuyn n mc tiu v phn
hi tr v t l vi khong cch mc tiu. C hai loi cm bin l:
-
Tnh in (electrostatic): S dng hiu ng in dung. Phm vi ln v

bng thng rng hn nhng nhy cao hn vi i tng m t.
p in (piezoelectric): Da vo phn t p in thch anh.
Cc cm bin ny c th rt hiu qu cho cc ng dng nh o mc

cht lng trong thng cha.
3.1.3.7 Hiu ng Hall (Hall Effect)
Cc cng tc hiu ng Hall c bn l cc transistor c th chuyn mch
bi t trng. Cc ng dng ca chng th rt ging vi reed switch, nhng v
chng ch l cht bn dn nn chng ph hp vi cc chuyn ng. Cc my
mc t ng ha thng s dng chng thc hin khi ng v pht hin
v tr dng.
3.1.3.8 Lu lng (Fluid Flow)
Hnh 3.15: xc nh lu lng dng chy vi cm bin tip cn cm
28
Chu Ch c
Chng ta c th thay th cc cm bin phc tp bng cc cm bin n

gin. Hnh 3.15 cho thy mt phao kim loi trong mt knh hnh nn. Tc
dng chy tng p lc y phao ln trn. Dng hnh nn ca phao m bo v
tr ca cht lng t l vi tc dng chy. Mt cm bin tip cn in cm c
th c nh v n pht hin khi phao t n cao no , v h thng
t n tc dng chy nh.
3.1.4 Tm tt
Cm bin Sourcing cho php dng in chy t cc L+ ca ngun.
Cm bin Sinking cho php dng in chy t cc L- ca ngun..
Cm bin quang c th s dng chm tia phn x, u pht v u thu v
nh sng phn x pht hin i tng.
Cm bin in dung c th pht hin kim loi v cc vt liu khc.
Cm bin in cm pht hin c kim loi.
Cm bin hiu ng Hall v reed switch c th pht hin c nam chm.
Cm bin siu m s dng sng m pht hin cc phn t cch xa nhiu
meter.
3.2
C cu chp hnh
3.2.1
Gii thiu
C cu chp hnh c s dng bin i nng lng in thnh

chuyn ng c hc.
3.2.2
Solenoid
Solenoid l c cu chp hnh thng dng nht. Nguyn l hot ng c

bn l s di chuyn li st (piston) trong cun dy (hnh 3.16). Bnh thng
piston c gi bn ngoi cun dy. Khi cun dy c cp in, cun dy
sinh ra t trng ht piston v ko n vo trung tm ca cun dy. ng dng
quan trng nht ca solenoid l iu khin cc van kh nn, thy lc v kha
ca xe.
Khng c in
Hnh 3.16:
c in
Solenoid
Cn ch l cc cun cm c th to ra in p gai nhn v c th cn

cc b gim sc. Mc d vy hu ht trong cc ng dng cng nghip c in
p thp v dng in nh mc, chng c th c kt ni trc tip vi cc
ng ra ca PLC. Hu ht cc solenoid cng nghip s dng ngun cung cp
24Vdc v dng nh mc mt vi trm mA.
29
Chu Ch c
3.2.3 Van iu khin (VALVE)

Dng cht lng v kh c th c iu khin bng cc van iu khin
solenoid. V d van iu khin solenoid c cho hnh 3.17.
solenoid
Kh ra
Kh vo
solenoid
Kh vo
Kh ra
Hnh 3.17: Mt solenoid iu khin van 5 ca 2 v tr

Cc loi van c lit k di y. Theo tiu chun, thut ng n-ca
(n-ca) ch nh s lng kt ni cc ng vo v ra ca van. Trong mt vi
trng hp c ca x kh ra. Vic thit k thng ng/thng m cho
bit iu kin van khi mt ngun cp.
Van 2 ca, 2 v tr thng ng (van 2/2): Cc van ny c 1 ca vo v

mt ca ra. Khi mt ngun cung cp th v tr thng ng. Khi c
ngun cung cp, th van m cho php dng kh hay cht lng chy qua.
Cc van ny c s dng cho php dng chy.
Van 2 ca, 2 v tr thng m (van 2/2): Cc van ny c mt ca vo v

mt ca ra. Khi mt ngun th m cho php dng chy. Khi c ngun,
van ng. Cc van ny c s dng ngt dng chy.
Van 3 ca, 2 v tr thng ng (van 3/2): Cc van ny c ca vo, ca

ra v ca x kh. Khi mt ngun th ca ra c ni vi ca x kh. Khi
c ngun th ca vo c ni vi ca ra. Cc van ny c s dng
cho cc cylinder tc ng n.
Van 3 ca, 2 v tr thng m (van 3/2): Cc van ny c ca vo, ca

ra v ca x kh. Khi mt ngun th ca vo c ni vi ca ra. Khi c
ngun th van ni ca ra vi ca x kh. Cc van ny c s dng
cho cc cylinder tc ng n.
Van 3 ca, 2 v tr a nng (van 3/2): Cc van ny c 3 ca. Mt trong

cc ca hot ng nh l ca vo hoc ca ra, v c ni n mt
trong hai ca khc khi mt ngun hoc c ngun. Cc van ny c th
30
Chu Ch c
c s dng lm chuyn hng dng chy, hoc chn ngun qua

li.
Van 4 ca, 2 v tr (van 4/2): Cc van ny c 4 ca, 1 vo, 2 ra v 1 ca

x kh. Khi c ngun van ni cc ca vo vi cc ca ra v ngc li.
Cc van ny c s dng vi cc cylinder tc ng kp.
Van 5 ca, 2 v tr (van 5/2): Cc van ny c 5 ca, 1 vo, 2 ra v 2 ca

x kh.
Van 4 ca, 3 v tr (van 4/3): Cc van ny c 4 ca, 1 vo, 2 ra v 1 x.

trng thi bnh thng (khng c ngun nng lng) th cc ca
vo/ra u b chn. Van ny c s dng iu khin v tr cc
cylinder.
Van 5 ca, 3 v tr (van 5/3): Van ny c 5 ca, 1 vo, 2 ra v 2 ca x.

Tng t nh van 4/3, van ny c s dng iu khin v tr cc
cylinder.
K hiu ca cc van c cho hnh 3.18. Khi s dng trong cc bn v

th v trng thi khng c cp ngun nng lng. Mi tn ch ng dn
dng chy n cc v tr khc. Biu tng tam gic nh ch ca x kh.
Loi van
K hiu
iu khin bng kh nn
iu khin bng solenoid
Thng ng
Thng ng
Thng m
Thng m
Thng ng
Thng ng
Thng m
Thng m
Van 2 ca, 2 v tr
Van 3 ca, 2 v tr
31
Chu Ch c
Van 4 ca, 2 v tr
Hoc
Van 5 ca, 2 v tr
Hoc
Van 4 ca, 3 v tr
Van 5 ca, 3 v tr
Hnh 3.18
K hiu cc van iu khin bng kh v solenoid
Khi chn la van, cn ch mt s chi tit sau:

- Kch thc ng: Ca vo v ra theo tiu chun NPT (national pipe thread).
-
Tc dng chy: Tc dng chy cc i thng c cung cp

cho cc van thy lc.
p sut hot ng: p sut hot ng cc i phi c ch bo. Mt

vi van c yu cu p sut ti thiu hot ng.
Ngun in: Cc cun dy solenoid yu cu c cung cp mt in

p v dng in c nh (AC hoc DC).
Thi gian p ng: y l thi gian van ng/m hon ton. Thi
gian tiu biu cho cc van nm trong phm vi t 5ms n 150ms.
V bc: V bc cho cc van c xp theo loi:

Loi 1 hoc 2: S dng trong nh, yu cu bo v chng nc.
Loi 3: S dng ngoi tri, chng bi bm v ma gi.
Loi 3R hoc 3S hoc 4: Chng nc v bi.
Loi 4X: Chng nc, bi v s n mn.
3.2.4 Xy lanh (CYLINDER)
32
Chu Ch c
Cylinder s dng p lc kh hoc cht lng to lc/chuyn ng tuyn

tnh (hnh 3.19). Trong hnh, dng cht lng c bm vo mt pha ca
cylinder lm dch chuyn piston v pha cn li. Cht lng pha ny c
thot t do. Lc tc dng ln cylinder t l vi din tch b mt ca piston.
Cng thc tnh lc:
F= P.A
P=
F
A
Vi
P: p sut thy lc
F: Lc y piston
A: Din tch piston
Hnh 3.19
Mt ct ca mt cylinder thy lc
Cylinder tc ng n yu cu cung cp lc khi dui ra v s dng l xo

co v. Cn cylinder tc ng kp th cung cp lc c hai pha.
Hnh 3.20
cylinder tc ng n v cylinder tc ng kp
Cc cylinder t thng c s dng trong iu khin kh nn. Trn u

ca piston c mt mnh nam chm. Khi n di chuyn n v tr gii hn th cc
cng tc reed switch s pht hin ra.
3.2.5 ng c
ng c l c cu chp hnh thng thng, nhng i vi ng dng
cho iu khin nh phn th c im ca n khng quan trng. iu khin
logic tiu biu ca cc ng c l ng ct in cho n. Cc ng c c dng
33
Chu Ch c
in nh c th u trc tip vo cc ng ra ca PLC, cn i vi cc ng

c cng sut ln th s dng relay hay contactor hoc b khi ng ng c.
Cc ng c s c kho st chi tit hn chng cc cm bin v c cu
chp hnh analog (tp 2).
3.2.6 Cc c cu chp hnh khc
Ngoi cc c cu chp hnh k trn cn c nhiu loi c cu chp hnh
khc nhau trong iu khin logic. Mt s c cu chp hnh thng c s
dng relay v contactor.
Ngoi ra c mt s c cu chp hnh khc:
34
L nhit: Thng c iu khin bng relay, ng v ct in

gi nhit nm trong mt phm vi no .
n bo: n bo c s dng cho hu ht cc my mc ch

bo trng thi my v cung cp thng tin cho ngi vn hnh. Hu
ht cc n bo c dng in thp v c kt ni trc tip n
PLC.
Ci/chung bo: Ci hay chung bo c th c s dng cho cc

my mc khng c gim st hoc ang b nguy him. Chng
thng c ni trc tip vi cc ng ra ca PLC.
Chu Ch c
4 B iu khin lp trnh PLC Simatic S7-200
B iu khin lp trnh PLC Simatic S7-200
4.1
Cu hnh cng
4.1.1
Khi x l trung tm
PLC S7-200 l thit b iu khin lp trnh loi nh (micro PLC) ca hng

Siemens (CHLB c) c cu trc theo kiu modul v c cc modul m rng.
Thnh phn c bn ca S7 - 200 l khi x l trung tm (CPU: Central
Processing Unit) bao gm hai chng loi: CPU 21x v CPU 22x. Mi chng
loi c nhiu CPU. Loi CPU 21x ngy nay khng cn sn xut na, tuy nhin
hin vn cn s dng rt nhiu trong cc trng hc v trong sn xut. Tiu
biu cho loi ny l CPU 214. CPU 214 c cc c tnh nh sau:
-
B nh chng trnh (cha trong EEPROM): 4096 Byte (4 kByte)
B nh d liu (Vng nh V): 4096 Byte (trong 512 Byte cha

trong EEPROM)
S lng ng vo:14 , v
S lng ng ra: 10 ng ra digital tch hp trong CPU
S module m rng: 7 gm c module analog
S lng vo/ra s cc i: 64
S lng Timer :128 Timer chia lm 3 loi theo phn gii khc
nhau: 4 Timer 1ms, 16 Timer 10 ms v 108 Timer c phn gii
100ms.
S lng Counter: 128 b m chia lm hai loi: 96 Counter Up v 32

Counter Up/Down.
Bit memory (Vng nh M): 256 bit
Special memory (SM) : 688 bit dng thng bo trng thi v t

ch lm vic.
C php tnh s hc
35
Chu Ch c
B m tc cao (High-speed counters): 2 counter 2 KHz v 1

counter 7 KHz
Ng vo analog tch hp sn (bin tr): 2.
Cc ch ngt v x l ngt gm: ngt truyn thng, ngt theo sn

ln hoc xung, ngt thi gian, ngt ca b m tc cao v ngt
truyn xung.
Ton b vng nh khng b mt d liu trong khong thi gian 190 gi

khi PLC b mt ngun nui.
S b mt ca b iu khin logic kh trnh S7-200 CPU 214 c
cho nh hnh 4.1.
Card nh
Ng ra
Kiu hot ng
Bin tr
SIEMENS
SF
RUN
STOP
SIMATIC
S7-200
I0.0
I0.1
I0.2
I0.3
I0.4
I1.0
I1.1
I1.2
I1.3
I1.4
I0.5
I0.6
I0.7
I1.5
Q0.0
Q0.1
Q0.2
Q0.3
Q0.4
Q0.5
Q0.6
Q0.7
Q1.0
Q1.1
CPU 214
Cng PPI
Ni n thit
b lp trnh
Ng vo
Bo trng
thi CPU
Bo trng thi
ng vo/ra
Hnh 4.1: B iu khin lp trnh S7-200 CPU 214

* M t cc n bo trn CPU 214:
-
SF (n ):
n SF bo hiu h thng b li. n SF sng

ln khi PLC c li.
- RUN ( n xanh): cho bit PLC ang ch lm vic v thc hin

chng trnh c np vo trong b nh chng
trnh ca PLC.
36
STOP (n vng): n vng STOP ch nh PLC ang ch

dng. Dng chng trnh ang thc hin li.
I x.x (n xanh):
n xanh cng vo ch nh trng thi tc thi

ca cng ( x.x = 0.0 - 1.5). n ny bo hiu trng
thi ca tn hiu theo gi tr logic ca cng.
Qy.y (n xanh): n xanh cng ra ch nh trng thi tc thi ca

cng ( y.y = 0.0 - 1.1). n ny bo hiu trng thi
ca tn hiu theo gi tr logic ca cng.
Hin nay, CPU 22x vi nhiu tnh nng vt tri thay th loi CPU
21x v hin ang c s dng rt nhiu. Tiu biu cho loi ny l CPU 224.
Thng tin v CPU 22x c cho nh bng 4.1 v hnh dng CPU 224 hnh 4.2.
c im
CPU 221
CPU 222
CPU 224
CPU 224XP
CPU 226
I/O trn CPU

Digital
Analog
6DI/4DO
-
8DI/6DO
-
14DI/10DO
-
14DI/10DO
2AI/1AO
24DI/16DO
-
S module m rng
max.
B nh chng
trnh
4KB
4KB
8KB
12KB
16KB
B nh d liu
2KB
2KB
8KB
10KB
10KB
Thi gian x l
0,37 s
0,37 s
0,37 s
0,37 s
0,37 s
Memory
bits/counters/timers
256/256/256
256/256/256
256/256/256
256/256/256
256/256/256
High-speed
counters
4 x 30 kHz
4 x 30 kHz
6 x 30 kHz
4 x 30 kHz
2x 200 kHz
6 x 30 kHz
Real-time clock
card
card
Tch hp
Tch hp
Tch hp
Ng ra xung
2 x 20 kHz
2 x 20 kHz
2 x 20 kHz
2 x 100 kHz
2 x 20 kHz
Cng giao tip
1x RS-485
1x RS-485
1x RS-485
2x RS-485
2x RS-485
Bin tr analog trn

CPU
Bng 4.1: Bng d liu v CPU h 22x

* Chn ch lm vic cho PLC
Cng tc chn ch lm vic nm pha trn, c ba v tr cho php
chn cc ch lm vic khc nhau ca PLC:
-
RUN:
Cho php PLC thc hin chng trnh trong b nh. PLC S7-200
s ri khi ch RUN v chuyn sang ch STOP nu trong
my c s c, hoc trong chng trnh gp lnh STOP.
37
Chu Ch c
STOP: Cng bc PLC dng chng trnh ang chy v chuyn sang
ch STOP. ch STOP, PLC cho php hiu chnh, np,
xa mt chng trnh.
TERM: Cho php ngi dng t my tnh quyt nh chn mt trong hai
ch lm vic cho PLC hoc RUN hoc STOP.
LED bo trng
thi I/O
LED bo trng
thi CPU
Khe cm
- Memory
Module
- Battery
Module,
- Clock Module
(221, 222)
Bin tr
chnh gi tr
analog
L bt cht
vo vch
Cng truyn
thng
u ni c th tho ri
(trn 224, 226)
Cht kha module

trn gi
Hnh 4.2: B iu khin lp trnh CPU 224

* Cng truyn thng
S7-200 s dng cng truyn thng ni tip RS485 vi phch ni 9 chn
phc v cho vic ghp ni vi thit b lp trnh hoc vi cc trm PLC khc.
Tc truyn cho my lp trnh kiu PPI l 9600 baud. Tc truyn cung
cp ca PLC theo kiu t do l t 300 baud n 38400 baud.
ghp ni S7-200 vi my lp trnh PG720 (hng Siemens) hoc vi
cc loi my lp trnh thuc h PG7xx c th s dng mt cp ni thng qua
MPI. Cp i km theo my lp trnh.
Ghp ni S7-200 vi my tnh PC qua cng RS-232 cn c cp ni
PC/PPI vi b chuyn i RS232/RS485, v qua cng USB ta c cp
USB/PPI.
* Card nh, pin, clock (CPU 221, CPU222)
S7-200 cung cp nhiu bin php m bo cho chng trnh ngi
dng, d liu chng trnh v cu hnh d liu c duy tr sau:
38
Mt t in vi in dung ln cho php nui b nh RAM sau khi b mt

ngun in cung cp. Ty theo loi CPU m thi gian lu tr c th ko di
nhiu ngy. Chng hn CPU 224 l khong 100 gi
Vng nh EEPROM cho php lu chng trnh, cc vng nh c
ngi dng chn cha vo EEPROM v cu hnh d liu.
Cho php gn thm Pin nui RAM v cho php ko di thm thi gian lu
tr d liu, c th ln n 200 ngy k t khi mt ngun in. Ngun ca Pin
s c ly sau khi t in x ht.
- Card nh: c s dng lu tr
chng trnh. Chng trnh cha trong
card nh bao gm: program block, data
memory
block, system block, cng thc
module
(recipes), d liu o (data logs), v cc
Clock/
gi tr cng bc (force values).
Battery
- Card pin: Dng m rng thi gian
Battery module
lu tr cc d liu c trong b nh.
module
Ngun pin c t ng chuyn sang
khi t trong PLC cn. Pin c th s
Hnh 4.3: Hnh dng cc module
dng n 200 ngy.
-
Card Clock / Battery module: ng h thi gian thc (Real-time clock)

cho CPU 221, 222 v ngun pin nui ng h v lu d liu. Thi
gian s dng n 200 ngy.
* Bin tr chnh gi tr analog:

Hai bin tr ny c s dng nh hai ng vo analog cho php iu
chnh cc bin cn phi thay i v s dng trong chng trnh.
4.1.2
Khi m rng
Trn cc CPU tch hp sn mt s cc ng vo v ng ra s, chng hn

nh CPU 224 DC/DC/DC c sn 16 ng vo v 14 ng ra. Tuy nhin trong
thc t , xut pht t yu cu iu khin nh: cn nhiu hn s ng vo/ra c
sn, c s dng tn hiu analog hay c cc yu cu v truyn thng, ni mng
cc PLCm ta phi gn thm vo CPU cc khi m rng (Expansion
module) c cc chc nng khc nhau (bng 4.2).
4.1.2.1 Digital module
Cc module s gn thm vo khi CPU m rng s lng cc ng
vo/ra s.
Khi ng vo s DI (Digital Input): Siemens sn xut cc khi ng vo s

nh: DI8 x 24VDC, DI8 x AC120/230V, DI16 x 24VDC.
Khi ng ra s (Digital Output): Cc ng ra ny c chia ra lm 3 loi l

ng ra DC, ng ra AC v ng ra relay. in p ng ra c th l 24Vdc
hoc 230Vac ty loi, vi s lng ng ra c th l 4 hoc 8.
39
Chu Ch c
Ngoi ra cn c s kt hp cc ng vo v ra s trn cng mt module.

4.1.2.2 Analog module
Ngoi tr CPU 224XP c tch hp sn 2 ng vo v 1 ng ra analog
(2AI/1AO) kt ni vi ngoi vi nhn v pht tn hiu analog, th hu ht cc
CPU khc ca h S7-200 u khng c tch hp sn. V vy khi iu khin vi
tn hiu analog th yu cu ngi s dng phi gn thm cc khi analog.
Khi ng vo tng t AI (Analog Input): Tn hiu analog ng vo c th

l tn hiu in p hoc dng in. Ty thuc vo tn hiu analog cn c
l loi no m ngi s dng c th ci t cho ph hp bng cc cng
tc c gn trn module (Chi tit xem chng x l tn hiu analog).
Hin c cc khi ng vo: 4AI, 8AI. i vi tn hiu analog c to ra
bi thermocoupe (cp nhit) v RTD th s dng cc module o nhit
tng ng (bng 4.2).
Khi ng ra tng t AO (Analog Output): Tn hiu tng t ny c th l

in p hoc dng in ty theo ngi dng ci t. Tn hiu ra l in
p nm trong khong 10Vdc tng ng vi gi tr s t -32000 ti +
32000 v tn hiu dng in nm trong khang t 0 - 20mA tng ng
vi gi tr s t 0 ti +32000.
Ngoi cc khi trn cn c cc khi c s kt hp c 2 loi tn hiu

vo v ra analog trn cng mt khi.
Cc khi m
rng
Digital module
Input
Output
Loi
8 x DC In
4 x DC Out
8 x DC Out
4 x DC In/
8 x AC In
4 x Relay
8 x AC Out
8 x DC In/
16 x DC In
8 x Relay
16 x DC In/
32 x DC In/
4 x DC Out
4 x DC In/
8 x DC Out
8 x DC In/
16x DC Out
16 x DC In/
32x DC Out
32 x DC In/
4 x Relay
8 x Relay
16x DC Out
32x Relay
Input
4 x Analog In
8 x Analog In
4xThermocouple
In
Output
2 x RTD In
2 x RTD In
2 x Analog Out 4 x Analog Out
4 x Analog In
T hp
Analog module
T hp
4 x Analog Out
Intelligent module
Position
Modem
Ethernet
Ethenet IT
Cc module khc
AS-Interface
SIWAREX MS
40
PROFIBUS-DP
Bng 4.2: Cc loi khi m rng

4.1.2.3 Intelligent module
Cc PLC S7-200 c th ni vo cc loi mng khc nhau tng cng
kh nng m rng, truyn thng vi cc thit b khc trong h thng t ng
ha.
-
Master trong mng AS-Interface: Giao tip AS-i (Actuator Sensor

Interface) hay giao tip actuator/sensor l h thng kt ni cho cp qu
trnh thp nht trong h thng t ng ha nhm ti u ha vic kt ni
cm bin v c cu chp hnh vi thit b t ng ha. Vi module
CP243-2 cho php kt ni mng AS-Interface vo PLC S7-200 v ng
vai tr l master.
Kt ni vo mng PROFIBUS-DP: Cc PLC S7-200 c th kt ni vo

mng Profibus hot ng nh mt DP Slave nh vo khi m rng
EM277. Vic s dng EM277 cho php PLC S7-200 c th kt ni truyn
thng vi cc thit b trong mng Profibus nh: PLC S7-300, S7-400,
mn hnh iu khin
Kt ni vo mng Ethernet: c th kt ni S7-200 vo mng Industrial

Ethernet th cn c khi CP 243-1. y l khi truyn thng cho php cc
PLC S7-200 c th c cu hnh, lp trnh, chn on t xa qua
Ethernet nh phn mm STEP 7 Micro/win. Gip cho cc CPU S7-200 c
th giao tip vi cc S7-200 khc, S7-300 hay S7-400 qua Ethernet. Cc
CPU c th s dng l h CPU 22X. C th thc hin cu hnh cho cc
CPU vo mng Ethernet nh vo Wizard (Menu Tools Ethernet
wizard).
Internet Technology: Khi m rng CP 243-1 IT cho php cc CPU S7200 c th thc hin cc gim st hay thay i qua trnh duyt Web t
mt PC c ni mng. Cc thng bo chn on c th gi qua email t
mt h thng. S dng cc chc nng IT cho php trao i cc tp tin d
liu vi cc my tnh hay cc h thng iu khin khc. Mi mt khi CP
243-1IT ch nn kt ni cho 2 CPU S7-200.
Modem module: Cho php kt ni trc tip S7-200 vo ng dy in

thoi, v cung cp truyn thng gia S7-200 v Step 7- micro/Win.
Vi cng c Modem Expansion wizard cho php thit lp mt modem
xa hoc kt ni S7-200 vi mt thit b xa qua modem.
Kh nng truyn thng ca S7-200 c cho nh hnh 4.4.

4.1.2.4 Function module
L cc khi chc nng thc hin cc chc nng c bit nh iu khin
v tr (position module), cn (SIWREX MS).
-
Position module: Module v tr c s dng iu khin tc v v tr

ca ng c bc (stepper motor) hoc ng c servo (servo motor).
Vi cng c Position Control wizard trong phn mm STEP 7--Micro/WIN
41
Chu Ch c
thit lp cu hnh cho module iu khin v tr. Module iu khin v tr

thng c s dng l EM253.
SIWAREX MS: L module cn a nng v linh hot, n c s dng vi
cc h thng cn hoc o lc s dng PLC S7-200.
S7-22x
EM
277
CP
243-1
CP
243-1 IT
CP
243-2
- E-Mail
- HTML
- FTP
PROFIBUS Network
Ethernet Network
EM
241
- Teleservice
- SMS/paging
- PPI/modbus RTU
Phone Network
AS-Interface Field Bus

ASCII Protocol
PPI/MPI Network
Hnh 4.4: Kh nng truyn thng ca PLC S7-200
4.2 Mn hnh iu khin

Trong cc yu cu iu khin c gim st th i vi cc PLC S7-200
chng ta c th gn thm cc mn hnh iu khin v gim st. Hin c
cc loi l: mn hnh hin th dng vn bn (Text Display), mn hnh iu
khin bng bn phm (Operator panel) v mn hnh cm ng (Touch Panel).
* Bng iu khin hin th dng vn bn (Text Display): Cc mn hnh ny c
gi thnh thp, cho php ngi vn hnh my c th xem, gim st bng cc
dng vn bn v thay i cc thng s hay ch hot ng ca h thng
iu khin bng cc phm trn bng iu khin. Gm c cc loi l TD100C,
TD200C, TD 200, TD400C (hnh 4.5).
Hnh 4.5: Bng iu khin hin th dng vn bn
42
Cc bng iu khin ny c th c thit lp cc thng bo v nt nhn

iu khin d dng bng cng c Text Display wizard (menu lnh Tools > Text
Display Wizard) trong STEP 7--Micro/WIN.
* Operator Panel v Touch Panel: Cc mn hnh c ng dng iu khin v

gim st cc my mc, thit b nh. Thi gian thit lp cu hnh v vn hnh
nhanh vi phn mm WinCC flexible. Gm c cc loi: OP 73micro, TP
177micro (mn hnh ny thay th cc mn hnh trc TP 070/TP 170micro)
(hnh 4.6).
Hnh 4.6: Mn hnh OP 73micro v TP 177mico.
4.3 Cc vng nh
B nh ca cc PLC S7-200 c chia ra lm cc vng nh nh bng 4.3.
* Vng nh m ng vo s I:
CPU s c trng thi tn hiu ca tt c cc ng vo s u mi chu
k qut, sau s cha cc gi tr ny vo vng nh m ng vo. C th
truy cp vng nh ny theo bit, Byte, Word hay Doubleword.
* Vng nh m ng ra s Q:
Trong qu trnh x l chng trnh CPU s lu cc gi tr x l thuc
vng nh ng ra vo y. Ti cui mi vng qut CPU s sao chp ni dung
vng nh m ny v chuyn ra cc ng ra vt l. C th truy cp vng nh
ny theo bit, Byte, Word hay Doubleword.
* Vng nh bin V:
S dng vng nh V lu tr cc kt qu php ton trung gian c
c do cc x l logic ca chng trnh. Cng c th s dng vng nh
lu tr cc d liu khc lin quan n chng trnh hay nhim v iu khin.
C th truy cp vng nh ny theo bit, Byte, Word hay Doubleword.
* Vng nh M:
C th coi vng nh M nh l cc relay iu khin trong chng trnh lu
tr trng thi trung gian ca mt php ton hay cc thng tin iu khin khc.
C th truy cp vng nh ny theo bit, Byte, Word hay Doubleword.
* Vng nh b nh thi T:
43
Chu Ch c
S7-200 cung cp vng nh ring cho cc b nh thi, cc b nh thi

c s dng cho cc yu cu iu khin cn tr hon thi gian. Gi tr thi
gian s c m tng dn theo 3 phn gii l 1ms, 10ms v 100ms.
M t
CPU 222
CPU 224
CPU 224XP
CPU226
Kch thc chng

4 KB
trnh ngi dng
CPU 221
4 KB
8 KB
12 KB
16 KB
Kch thc d liu
2 KB
2 KB
8 KB
10 KB
10 KB
Vng m vo s
I0.0 I15.7
I0.0 I15.7
I0.0 I15.7
I0.0 I15.7
I0.0 I15.7
Vng m ra s
Q0.0 ...Q15.7
Q0.0 ...Q15.7
Q0.0 ...Q15.7
Q0.0 ...Q15.7
Q0.0 ...Q15.7
Ng vo analog
AIW0 ..AIW30
AIW0 ..AIW30
AIW0 ..AIW62
AIW0 ..AIW62
AIW0 ..AIW62
Ng ra analog
AQW0AQW30 AQW0AQW30 AQW0AQW62 AQW0AQW62 AQW0AQW62
Vng nh bin (V)
VB0VB2047
VB0VB2047
VB0VB8191
VB0VB10239
VB0VB10239
Vng nh cc b
(L)
LB0LB63
LB0LB63
LB0LB63
LB0LB63
LB0LB63
Vng nh bit (M)
M0.0M31.7
M0.0M31.7
M0.0M31.7
M0.0M31.7
M0.0M31.7
Vng nh c bit
Ch c (SM)
SM0.0SM179.7 SM0.0SM299.7 SM0.0SM549.7 SM0.0SM549.7 SM0.0SM549.7

SM0.0SM29.7 SM0.0SM29.7 SM0.0SM29.7 SM0.0SM29.7 SM0.0SM29.7
Timer
Retentive on-delay
1ms
10ms
.
100ms
.
On/Off delay 1ms
10ms
.
100ms
.
256 (T0T255)
256 (T0T255)
256 (T0T255)
256 (T0T255)
256 (T0T255)
T0, T64
T1T4, v
T65T68
T5T31, v
T69T95
T32, T96
T33 T36, v
T97 T100
T37 T63, v
T101 T255
T0, T64
T1T4, v
T65T68
T5T31, v
T69T95
T32, T96
T33 T36, v
T97 T100
T37 T63, v
T101 T255
T0, T64
T1T4, v
T65T68
T5T31, v
T69T95
T32, T96
T33 T36, v
T97 T100
T37 T63, v
T101 T255
T0, T64
T1T4, v
T65T68
T5T31, v
T69T95
T32, T96
T33 T36, v
T97 T100
T37 T63, v
T101 T255
T0, T64
T1T4, v
T65T68
T5T31, v
T69T95
T32, T96
T33 T36, v
T97 T100
T37 T63, v
T101 T255
Counter
C0 C255
C0 C255
C0 C255
C0 C255
C0 C255
B m tc cao
HC0 HC5
HC0 HC5
HC0 HC5
HC0 HC5
HC0 HC5
Bit iu khin trnh

t (S)
S0.0 S31.7
S0.0 S31.7
S0.0 S31.7
S0.0 S31.7
S0.0 S31.7
Thanh ghi Accu
AC0 AC3
AC0 AC3
AC0 AC3
AC0 AC3
AC0 AC3
Jumps/Labels
0 255
0 255
0 255
0 255
0 255
Call/Subroutine
0 63
0 63
0 63
0 63
0 127
Interrupt routines
0 127
0 127
0 127
0 127
0 127
nh sn xung
(positive/negative)
256
256
256
256
256
PID loops
0 7
0 7
0 7
0 7
0 7
Port
Port 0
Port 0
Port 0
Port 0, Port 1
Port 0, Port 1
Bng 4.3: Cc vng nh v c im ca CPU S7-200.

* Vng nh b m C:
C 3 loi b m l b m ln, b m xung v b n ln-xung. Cc
b n s tng hoc gim gi tr hin hnh khi tn hiu ti ng vo thay i
trng thi t mc thp ln mc cao.
44
* Vng nh b m tc cao HC (High speed Counter):

Cc b m tc cao c s dng m cc s kin tc cao c
lp vi vng qut ca CPU. Gi tr m l s nguyn 32 bit c du. truy
xut gi tr m ca cc b m tc cao cn xc nh a ch ca b m
tc cao, s dng vng nh HC v s ca b m, v d HC0. Gi tr m
hin hnh ca cc b m tc cao l cc gi tr ch c v truy xut theo
double word.
* Cc thanh ghi AC (Accumulators):
Cc thanh ghi AC l cc phn t c/ghi m c th c dng truy
xut ging nh b nh. Chng hn, c th s dng cc thanh ghi truy xut
cc thng s t cc chng trnh con (Subroutine) v lu tr cc gi tr trung
gian s dng cho tnh ton. Cc CPU S7-200 c 4 thanh ghi l AC0, AC1,
AC2 v AC3. Chng ta c th truy xut d liu trong cc thanh ghi ny theo
Byte, Word, v Doubleword.
* Vng nh c bit SM (Special Memory):
Cc bit SM l cc phn t cho php truyn thng tin gia CPU v
chng trnh ngi dng. C th s dng cc bit ny chn la v iu
khin mt s chc nng c bit ca CPU, chng hn nh bit ln mc 1 trong
vng qut u tin, cc bit pht ra cc xung c tn s 1HzChng ta truy
xut vng nh SM theo bit, byte, word, doubleword.
* Vng nh cc b L (Local Memory Area):
Vng nh ny c ln 64 Byte, trong 60 byte c th c dng nh
vng nh cc b hay chuyn cc thng s ti cc chng trnh con, 4 byte
cui dng cho h thng. Vng nh ny tng t nh vng nh bin V ch
khc ch cc bin vng nh V cho php s dng tt c cc khi chng
trnh cn vng nh L ch c tc dng trong phm vi son tho ca mt khi
chng trnh m thi. V tr bin thuc vng nh L trong chng trnh chnh
th khng th s dng chng trnh con v ngc li.
* Vng nh ng vo tng t AI (Analog Inputs):
Cc PLC S7-200 chuyn gi tr mt tng t (chng hn in p hay
nhit ) thnh gi tr s v cha vo mt vng nh 16 bit. Bi v cc gi tr
tng t chim mt vng nh word nn chng lun lun c cc gi tr word
chn, chng hn nh AIW0, AIW2, AIW4..v l cc gi tr ch c.
* Vng nh ng ra tng t AQ (Analog Outputs):
Cc PLC S7-200 chuyn mt gi tr s 16 bit sang gi tr in p hoc
dng in, tng ng vi gi tr s (digital). Ging nh cc ng vo tng t
chng ta ch c th truy xut cc ng ra tng t theo word. V l cc gi tr
word chn, chng hn nh AQW0, AQW2, AQW4.
45
Chu Ch c
4.4 Qui c a ch trong PLC S7-200

4.4.1 Truy xut theo bit
truy xut a ch theo dng Bit chng ta xc nh vng nh, a ch
ca Byte v a ch ca Bit.
Bit
V d:
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Byte 0
Byte 1
Byte 2
Byte 3
Hnh 4.7: Vng nh ng vo I
Trong hnh 4.7 l bn vng nh ca b m d liu ng vo I
(Process Image Input). Bn ca cc vng nh khc cng c cu trc tng
t nh vy. Bit thp nht l bit 0 nm bn phi v bit cao nht l bit 7 nm bn
tri. Do chng ta hon ton c th khai bo tng t nh v d trn, chng
hn nh: Q1.0, V5.2, M0.1Dung lng ca cc vng nh ph thuc vo loi
CPU m chng ta s dng.
4.4.2 Truy xut theo byte (8 bit)

Khi truy xut d liu theo byte, chng ta xc nh vng nh, v th t ca
byte cn truy xut.
V d:
Tng t nh v d ta khai bo cho cc vng nh khc, chng hn nh

IB3, MB2, QB5..
4.4.3
Truy xut theo word (16 bit)
i vi truy xut vng nh theo dng word chng ta cng cn xc nh

vng nh cn truy xut, khai bo dng word v a ch ca word trong vng
nh. Mi mt vng nh dng word s gm 2 byte v c gi l byte thp v
byte cao.
V d:
Ch :
46
i vi tn hiu tng t (Analog) th chng ta ch c mt dng truy

xut duy nht l truy xut theo word. iu ny l do mi tn hiu tng
t s ng vi mt gi tr s nguyn 16 bit. V d: AIW0, AIW2,
AQW0
Khi truy xut a ch theo word th hai word lin k nhau bt buc cch
nhau 2 byte. V d ta cn cha 2 d liu dng s interger vo vng
bin V, th d liu th nht gi s cha vo VW20 th word k tip lu
d liu th hai l VW22.
4.4.4
Truy xut theo 2 word (Double word = 32 bit)
Khi truy xut vng nh 32 bit, tng ng vi 4 byte. Trong gm c

word thp, word cao v byte thp, byte cao.
V d: VD100
Bng tm tt vic truy xut cc vng nh theo bit, byte, word v double
word c cho bng 4.4.
Cch truy xut
CPU 221
CPU 222
CPU 224
CPU 224XP
CPU 226
Truy xut Bit (byte.bit) I

Q
V
M
SM
S
T
C
L
Truy xut Byte
IB
QB
VB
MB
SMB
SB
LB
AC
KB (Constant)
Truy xut Word
IW
QW
VW
MW
SMW
SW
T
C
LW
AC
AIW
AQW
KW (Constant)
T. xut Double word ID
QD
VD
0.0 ... 15.7

0.0 ... 15.7
0.0 ... 2047.7
0.0 ... 31.7
0.0 ... 165.7
0.0 ... 31.7
0 ... 255
0 ... 255
0.0 ... 63.7
0 ... 15
0 ... 15
0 ... 2047
0 ... 31
0 ... 165
0 ... 31
0 ... 63
0 ... 3
KB (Constant)
0 ... 14
0 ... 14
0 ... 2046
0 ... 30
0 ... 164
0 ... 30
0 ... 255
0 ... 255
0 ... 62
0 ... 3
0 ... 30
0 ... 30
KW (Constant)
0 ... 12
0 ... 12
0 ... 2044
0.0 ... 15.7

0.0 ... 15.7
0.0 ... 2047.7
0.0 ... 31.7
0.0 ... 299.7
0.0 ... 31.7
0 ... 255
0 ... 255
0.0 ... 63.7
0 ... 15
0 ... 15
0 ... 2047
0 ... 31
0 ... 299
0 ... 31
0 ... 63
0 ... 3
KB (Constant)
0 ... 14
0 ... 14
0 ... 2046
0 ... 30
0 ... 298
0 ... 30
0 ... 255
0 ... 255
0 ... 62
0 ... 3
0 ... 30
0 ... 30
KW (Constant)
0 ... 12
0 ... 12
0 ... 2044
0.0 ... 15.7

0.0 ... 15.7
0.0 ... 8191.7
0.0 ... 31.7
0.0 ... 549.7
0.0 ... 31.7
0 ... 255
0 ... 255
0.0 ... 63.7
0 ... 15
0 ... 15
0 ... 8191
0 ... 31
0 ... 549
0 ... 31
0 ... 63
0 ... 3
KB (Constant)
0 ... 14
0 ... 14
0 ... 8190
0 ... 30
0 ... 548
0 ... 30
0 ... 255
0 ... 255
0 ... 62
0 ... 3
0 ... 62
0 ... 62
KW (Constant)
0 ... 12
0 ... 12
0 ... 8188
0.0 ... 15.7

0.0 ... 15.7
0.0 ... 10239.7
0.0 ... 31.7
0.0 ... 549.7
0.0 ... 31.7
0 ... 255
0 ... 255
0.0 ... 63.7
0 ... 15
0 ... 15
0 ... 10239
0 ... 31
0 ... 549
0 ... 31
0 ... 63
0 ... 255
KB (Constant)
0 ... 14
0 ... 14
0 ... 10238
0 ... 30
0 ... 548
0 ... 30
0 ... 255
0 ... 255
0 ... 62
0 ... 3
0 ... 62
0 ... 62
KW (Constant)
0 ... 12
0 ... 12
0 ... 10236
0.0 ... 15.7

0.0 ... 15.7
0.0 ... 10239.7
0.0 ... 31.7
0.0 ... 549.7
0.0 ... 31.7
0 ... 255
0 ... 255
0.0 ... 63.7
0 ... 15
0 ... 15
0 ... 10239
0 ... 31
0 ... 549
0 ... 31
0 ... 63
0 ... 255
KB (Constant)
0 ... 14
0 ... 14
0 ... 10238
0 ... 30
0 ... 548
0 ... 30
0 ... 255
0 ... 255
0 ... 62
0 ... 3
0 ... 62
0 ... 62
KW (Constant)
0 ... 12
0 ... 12
0 ... 10236
47

MD
SMD
SD
LD
AC
HC
KD (Constant)
0 ... 28
0 ... 162
0 ... 28
0 ... 60
0 ... 3
0 ... 5
KD (Constant)
0 ... 28
0 ... 296
0 ... 28
0 ... 60
0 ... 3
0 ... 5
KD (Constant)
Chu Ch c
0 ... 28
0 ... 546
0 ... 28
0 ... 60
0 ... 3
0 ... 5
KD (Constant)
0 ... 28
0 ... 546
0 ... 28
0 ... 60
0 ... 3
0 ... 5
KD (Constant)
0 ... 28
0 ... 546
0 ... 28
0 ... 60
0 ... 3
0 ... 5
KD (Constant)
Bng 4.4: Truy xut cc vng nh theo a ch bit, byte, word, double word.
Tm li, v c bn chng ta c bn dng truy xut d liu nh trn.
Trong mi yu cu iu khin c th chng ta s chn truy xut theo dng
no.
-
Kim tra trng thi ca cc tn hiu c to ra t cc ngoi vi ni vi

ng vo s nh nt nhn, cm bin, cng tc hnh trnh th s chn
truy xut l bit, trong trng hp ny th chn a ch ng vo tng
ng c kt ni v d nh I0.0, I0.5, I1.1
Xut tn hiu ra cc c cu chp hnh nhn tn hiu nh phn nh

relay, n bo, van t th s chn truy xut l bit, trong trng hp
ny th chn a ch ng ra tng ng c kt ni v d nh Q0.0,
Q0.2, Q1.0
Nhn tn hiu t cc cm bin to ra tn hiu analog nh cm bin

nhit , p sut, m th s dng a ch word, v d: AIW0,
AIW2, AIW4
Xut tn hiu analog ra cc c cu chp hnh nhn tn hiu analog

nh ng vo analog bin tn, van t l th s dng a ch word, v
d: AQW0, AQW2, AQW4
Trong qu trnh thc hin chng trnh cn lu tr thng tin dng

s 16 bit nh m s sn phm (s nguyn 16 bit) th truy cp a ch
word, cn dng 32 bit nh nhit , p sut (s thc) th truy cp
a ch double word
4.5 X l chng trnh

S7-200 thc hin c v ghi d liu theo logic iu khin trong chng
trnh lin tc theo chu k.
Hot ng ca S7-200 rt n gin:
-
c trng thi cc ng vo
S7-200 s dng cc ng vo ny thc hin logic iu khin

theo chng trnh c lu tr trong n. D liu lun c cp
nht khi chng trnh c thc hin.
Xut d liu ra ng ra.
Hnh 4.8 l mt s n gin ch mi quan h gia s in v PLC

S7-200. Cc nt nhn khi ng/dng ng c c kt ni vi ng vo.
Trng thi ca cc ng vo ty thuc vo nt nhn. Cc trng thi ca ng
vo s quyt nh trng thi ca ng ra. Ng ra c kt ni vi contactor.
48
Ty theo trng thi ca ng ra m contactor c in hay mt in v tng

ng ng c s hot ng hay dng.
Hnh 4.8: iu khin ng vo v ra
Hnh 4.9: Chu k qut S7-200
* Chu k qut trong S7-200

S7-200 thc hin mt lot cc nhim v theo chu k. Vic thc hin
cc nhim v theo chu k c gi l chu k qut (scan cycle). Hnh 4.9 l v
d mt chu k qut. S7-200 thc hin cc nhim v sau trong mt chu k
qut:
-
c ng vo: S7-200 sao chp trng thi ca cc ng vo vt l vo

b m ng vo.
Digital inputs: Mi chu k qut bt u bng cch c gi tr hin hnh
cc ng vo s v sau ghi cc gi tr ny vo vng m ng vo.
Analog inputs: S7-200 khng cp nht cc ng vo analog t cc
module m rng nu l chu k qut bnh thng tr khi c kch hot
khu lc cc ng vo analog (xem chng x l tn hiu analog). B
lc analog c cung cp cho php ta c mt tn hiu n nh hn. C
th cho php b analog mi im ng vo analog. Khi mt ng vo
analog c kch hot b lc, S7-200 cp nht ng vo analog mi
mt ln trong chu k qut v lu tr gi tr lc. Gi tr lc c cung
cp mi khi truy cp ng vo analog. Khi b lc analog khng c
kch hot, S7-200 c gi tr ng vo analog t module m rng mi
ln chng trnh truy xut ng vo analog.
Thc hin theo logic iu khin trong chng trnh: S7-200 thc
hin cc lnh trong chng trnh v lu gi tr vo vng nh.
Khi thc hin chu k qut, S7-200 thi hnh t lnh u tin cho n
lnh cui cng. Cc lnh truy cp I/O tc th cho php ta truy xut
ngay lp tc cc ng vo v ng ra khi thc hin chng trnh cng
nh chng trnh ngt (interrupt routine).
Nu c s dng cc ngt trong chng trnh (chng trnh ngt c
gi bi cc yu cu ngt) th n khng c thc hin chu k qut
49
Chu Ch c
bnh thng. N c thc hin khi c s kin ngt (c th xy ra ti

bt k thi im no trong chu k qut).
-
X l bt k yu cu truyn thng no: S7-200 thi hnh bt k

nhim v c yu cu cho truyn thng.
Trong giai on x l thng tin ca chu k qut, S7-200 x l bt k
thng tin no nhn c t cng truyn thng hoc t cc module
truyn thng (intelligent I/O module).
Thc hin t chn on CPU: S7-200 t kim tra m bo phn

firmware, b nh chng trnh, v bt k cc moule m rng no
cng ang lm vic ng.
Trong giai on ny, S7-200 kim tra cho hot ng thch hp ca
CPU v trng thi ca bt k module m rng no.
Xut ra ng ra: Cc gi tr c lu trong vng m ng ra s c

xut ra cc ng ra vt l.
Ti cui mi chu k, S7-200 xut cc gi tr c lu trong b m
ng ra n cc ng ra s. (Cc ng ra analog th c cp nht ngay
lp tc, khng ph thuc vo chu k qut).
Vic thc hin chng trnh cn ty thuc vo S7-200 ang ch

STOP hay ch RUN. ch RUN th chng trnh c thc hin; cn
ch STOP th chng trnh khng c thc hin.
50
Chu Ch c
5.1
5 Kt ni dy gia PLC v thit b ngoi vi
KT NI DY GIA PLC V THIT B

NGOI VI
Kt ni dy gia PLC v cc thit b ngoi vi
Vic kt ni dy gia PLC vi ngoi vi rt quan trng. N quyt nh n

vic PLC c th giao tip c vi thit b lp trnh (my tnh) cng nh h
thng iu khin c th hot ng ng theo yu cu c thit k hay
khng. Ngoi ra vic ni dy cn lin quan n an ton cho PLC cng nh h
thng iu khin.
5.1.1
Gii thiu CPU 224 v cch kt ni vi thit b ngoi vi
S b mt ca b iu khin lp trnh S7-200 CPU 224 c cho nh

hnh 5.1.
Hnh 5.1: B iu khin lp trnh S7-200 CPU 224

cho b iu khin lp trnh ny hot ng c th ngi s dng
phi kt ni PLC vi ngun cung cp v cc ng vo ra ca n vi thit b
ngoi vi. Mun np chng trnh vo CPU, ngi s dng phi son tho
chng trnh bng cc thit b lp trnh hoc my tnh vi phn mm tng
ng cho loi PLC ang s dng v c th np trc tip vo CPU hoc copy
chng trnh vo card nh cm vo rnh cm card nh trn CPU ca
PLC. Thng thng khi lp trnh cng nh khi kim tra hot ng ca PLC th
ngi lp trnh thng kt ni trc tip thit b lp trnh hoc my tnh c nhn
51
Chu Ch c
vi PLC. Nh vy, h thng iu khin khin bng PLC hot ng cng

nh lp trnh cho n, cn phi kt ni PLC vi my tnh cng nh cc ng vo
ra vi ngoi vi.
5.1.2
Kt ni vi my tnh
i vi cc thit b lp trnh ca hng Siemens c cc cng giao tip PPI

th c th kt ni trc tip vi PLC thng qua mt si cp. Tuy nhin i vi
my tnh c nhn cn thit phi c cp chuyn i PC/PPI. C 2 loi cp
chuyn i l cp RS-232/PPI Multi-Master v cp USB/PPI Multi-Master.
* Cp RS-232/PPI multi-master:
Hnh dng ca cp v cng tc chn ch truyn c cho hnh 5.2.
Hnh 5.2: Hnh dng cp RS-232/PPI v cc chuyn mch trn cp.

Ty theo tc truyn gia my tnh v CPU m cc cng tc 1,2,3
c v tr thch hp. Thng thng i vi CPU 22x th tc truyn
thng t l 9,6 KBaud (tc cng tc 123 c t theo th t l 010).
Ty theo truyn thng l 10 Bit hay 11 Bit m cng tc 7 c t v tr
thch hp. Khi kt ni bnh thng vi my tnh th cng tc 7 chn ch
truyn thng 11 Bit (cng tc 7 t v tr 0).
Cng tc 6 cp RS-232/PPI Multi-Master c s dng kt ni port
truyn thng RS-232 ca mt modem vi S7-200 CPU. Khi kt ni bnh
thng vi my tnh th cng tc 6 c t v tr data Comunications
Equipment (DCE) (cng tc 6 v tr 0). Khi kt ni cp PC/PPI vi mt
52
Chu Ch c
modem th port RS-232 ca cp PC/PPI c t v tr Data Terminal

Equipment (DTE) (cng tc 6 v tr 1).
Cng tc 5 c s dng t cp RS-232/PPI Multi-Master thay th
cp PC/PPI hoc hot ng ch Freeport th t ch PPI/Freeport
(cng tc 5 v tr 0). Nu kt ni bnh thng l PPI (master) vi phn mm
STEP 7 Micro/Win 3.2 SP4 hoc cao hn th t ch PPI (cng tc 5 v
tr 1).
S ni cp RS-232/PPI Multi-Master gia my tnh v CPU S7-200
vi tc truyn 9,6 Kbaud c cho nh hnh 5.3.
Hnh 5.3: Kt ni my tnh vi CPU S7-200 RS-232/PPI Multi-Master

* Cp USB/PPI multi-master:
Hnh dng ca cp c cho hnh 5.4.
Hnh 5.4: Hnh dng cp USB/PPI.

Cch thc kt ni cp USB/PPI Multi-Master cng tng t nh cp RS232/PPI Multi-Master. s dng cp ny, phn mm cn phi l STEP 7-
53
Chu Ch c
Micro/WIN 3.2 Service Pack 4 (hoc cao hn). Cp ch c th c s dng

vi loi CPU22x hoc sau ny. Cp USB khng c h tr truyn thng
Freeport v download cu hnh mn TP070 t phn mm TP Designer.
5.1.3 Ni ngun cung cp cho CPU
Ty theo loi v h PLC m cc CPU c th l khi ring hoc c t sn
cc ng vo v ra cng nh mt s chc nng c bit khc. Hu ht cc
PLC h S7-200 c nh sn xut lp t cc khu vo, khu ra v CPU
trong cng mt v hp. Nhng ngun cung cp cho cc khu ny hon ton
c lp nhau. Ngun cung cp cho CPU ca h S7-200 c th l:
Xoay chiu:
20...29 VAC , f = 47...63 Hz;

85...264 VAC, f = 47...63 Hz
Mt chiu:
20,4 ... 28,8 VDC
Hnh 5.5 a,b l s ni dy ngun cung cp cho CPU
a. Cp ngun cho CPU 2xx loi DC/DC/DC;
b. Cp ngun cho CPU 2xx loi AC/DC/RLY
Hnh 5.5: Ni ngun cung cp cho CPU

c th nhn bit vic cp ngun cho CPU, khi vo, khi ra s ta cn
c vo cc ch s i km theo CPU. Cc m s km theo CPU 2xx c th c
nh sau:
CPU 2xx DC/DC/DC: Ngun cp cho CPU l DC, ngun cho ng vo

l DC, ngun cp cho ng ra l DC.
CPU 2xx AC/DC/Relay: Ngun cp cho CPU l AC, ngun cho ng

vo l DC, ng ra l Relay c th cp ngun l DC hoc AC.
5.1.4
54
Kt ni vo/ra s vi ngoi vi
Chu Ch c
Cc ng vo, ra ca PLC cn thit iu khin v gim st qu trnh

iu khin. Cc ng vo v ra c th c phn thnh 2 loi c bn: s
(Digital) v tng t (analog). Hu ht cc ng dng s dng cc ng vo/ra
s. Trong bi ny ch cp n vic kt ni cc ng vo/ra s vi ngoi vi,
cn i vi ng vo/ra tng t s trnh by chng x l tn hiu analog.
i vi b iu khin lp trnh h S7-200, hng Siemens a ra rt
nhiu loi CPU vi in p cung cp cho cc ng vo ra khc nhau. Ty thuc
tng loi CPU m ta c th ni dy khc nhau. Vic thc hin ni dy cho
CPU c th tra cu s tay km theo ca hng sn xut.
5.1.4.1 Kt ni cc ng vo s vi ngoi vi
Cc ng vo s ca PLC c th c ch to l mt khi ring, hoc kt
hp vi cc ng ra chung trong mt khi hoc c tch hp trn khi CPU.
Trong trng hp no cng vy, cc ng vo cng phi c cung cp ngun
ring vi cp in p ty thuc vo loi ng vo. Cn lu trong mt khi ng
vo cng nh cc ng vo c tch hp sn trn CPU c th c cc nhm
c cung cp ngun c lp nhau. V vy cn lu khi cp ngun cho cc
nhm ny. Ngun cung cp cho cc khi vo ca h S7-200 c th l:
Xoay chiu: 15...35 VAC, f = 47...63 Hz; dng cn thit nh nht 4mA
79...135 VAC, f = 47...63 Hz; dng cn thit nh nht 4mA
Mt chiu: 15 ... 30 VDC; dng cn thit nh nht 4mA
S mch in bn trong ca mt s ng vo c cho nh hnh
5.6a,b.
a)
Hnh 5.6:
b)
a) Mch in ca 1 ng vo s s dng ngun cung cp DC
b) Mch in ca 1 ng vo s s dng ngun cung cp AC
Ty theo yu cu m c th quyt nh s dng loi ng vo no.

+ Ng vo DC: - in p DC thng thp do an ton hn.
- p ng ng vo DC rt nhanh.
- in p DC c th c kt ni vi nhiu phn t trong h
thng in.
55
Chu Ch c
+ Ng vo AC: - Ng vo AC yu cu cn phi c thi gian. V d i vi

in p c tn s 50 Hz phi yu cu thi gian n 1/50
giy mi nhn bit c.
- Tn hiu AC t b nhiu hn tn hiu DC, v vy chng thch
hp vi khong cch ln v mi trng nhiu (t).
- Ngun AC kinh t hn.
- Tn hiu AC thng c s dng trong cc thit b t
ng hin hu.
i vi cc ng vo s, khi kt ni vi ngoi vi, ngoi tr cc trng hp
c bit th thng thng mi mt ng vo c kt ni vi mt b to tn
hiu nh phn nh: nt nhn, cng tc, cm bin tip cn .... Hnh 5.7a,b,c
minh ha cch kt ni dy cc ng vo PLC vi cc b to tn hiu nh phn
khc nhau.
Cn lu n cc loi cm bin khi kt ni vi cc ng vo PLC (xem li
chng 3: cm bin v c cu chp hnh trong iu khin logic).
Trong v d hnh 5.7a c 3 ng vo, mt l nt nhn thng h, hai l
tip im ca relay nhit, v ba l cm bin tip cn vi ng ra l relay. C ba
b to tn hiu ny c cung cp bi mt ngun 24VDC. Khi tip im h
hoc cm bin pht tn hiu 0 th khng c in p ti cc ng vo. Nu cc
tip im c ng li hoc cm bin pht tn hiu 1 th ng vo c cp
in.
DC 24V
INPUTS
DC 24V
INPUTS
.0
.0
.1
.1
DC 24V
INPUTS
L
24 V
.0
.2
.2
V+
.1
V.2
.4
.3
.5
.5
.4
.6
.6
.5
.7
.7
.6
.7
.4
24 V
PNP
NPN
.3
.3
V-
NPN
Sensor
V+
PNP
Sensor
Sensor
V+
V-
24 V
a)
b)
c)
Hnh 5.7: Kt ni ng vo vi ngoi vi.

a. Nt nhn v cm bin c ng ra l relay ni vi ng vo loi
sinking.
56
b.
Nt nhn v cm bin loi PNP ni vi ng vo loi sinking.
c.
Nt nhn v cm bin loi NPN ni vi ng vo loi sourcing.
Chu Ch c
i vi cc ng vo ra ca CPU 214 DC/DC/DC, CPU 224 AC/DC/Relay

theo s tay c kt ni nh hnh 5.10 v hnh 5.11.
5.1.4.2 Kt ni cc ng ra s vi ngoi vi
Cc ng ra ca PLC c th c ch to l mt khi ring, hoc kt hp
vi cc ng ra chung trong mt khi hoc c tch hp trn khi CPU.
Trong trng hp no cng vy, cc ng ra cng phi c cung cp ngun
ring vi cp in p ty thuc vo loi ng ra. Cn lu trong mt khi ra
cng nh cc ng ra c tch hp sn trn CPU c th c cc nhm c
cung cp ngun c lp nhau. V vy cn lu khi cp ngun cho cc nhm
ny. Ngun cung cp cho cc khi ra ca h S7-200 c th l:
Xoay chiu:
20...264 VAC , f = 47...63 Hz;
Mt chiu:
5...30 VDC i vi ng ra r le; 20.4 ... 28.8 VDC i

vi ng ra transistor;
Cc khi ra tiu chun ca PLC thng c 8 n 32 ng ra theo cng loi

v c dng nh mc khc nhau. Ng ra c th l r le, transistor hoc triac.
R le l ng ra linh hot nht. Chng c th l ng ra AC v DC. Tuy nhin
p ng ca ng ra r le chm, gi thnh cao v b h hng sau vi triu ln
ng ct. Cn ng ra transistor th ch s dng vi ngun cung cp l DC v
ng ra triac th ch s dng c vi ngun AC. Tuy nhin p ng ca cc
ng ra ny nhanh hn.
S mch in bn trong ca cc ng ra c cho nh hnh 5.8.
Cn ch khi thit k h thng c c hai loi ng ra AC v DC. Nu
ngun AC ni vo ng ra DC l transistor, th ch c bn k dng ca chu k
in p c s dng v do in p ra s b gim. Nu ngun DC c
ni vi ng ra AC l triac th khi c tn hiu cho ng ra, n s lun lun c in
cho d c iu khin tt bng PLC.
57
Chu Ch c
Hnh 5.8: Mch in bn trong ca cc loi ng ra khc nhau.

a) Ng ra transistor ; b) Ng ra relay ;
c) Ng ra triac
i vi cc ng ra s, khi kt ni vi ngoi vi, ngoi tr cc trng hp
c bit th thng thng mi mt ng ra c kt ni vi mt i tng iu
khin nhn tn hiu nh phn nh: n bo, cun dy r le, chung bo . . ..
Hnh 5.9 minh ha cch kt ni dy cc ng ra PLC vi cc c cu chp
hnh. Hnh 5.9a l mt v d cho cc khi ra s dng 24Vdc vi mass chung.
Tiu biu cho loi ny l ng ra transistor. Trong v d ny cc ng ra c
kt ni vi ti cng sut nh l n bo v cun dy relay. Quan st mch kt
ni ny, n bo s dng ngun cung cp l 24Vdc. Nu ng ra .6 mc
logic 1 (24Vdc) th dng s chy t ng ra .6 qua n H1 v xung Mass
(M), n sng. Nu ng ra mc logic 0 (0V), th n H1 tt. Nu ng ra .4
mc logic 1 th cun dy r le c in, lm tip im ca n ng li cung
cp in 220 Vac cho ng c.
Hnh 5.9b l mt v d ng ra relay s dng ngun cp l 24 Vdc, v hnh
5.9c l v d ng ra triac s dng ngun xoay chiu 24 Vac.
Mt ch quan trng khi kt ni cc ng ra cn tra cu s tay khi ng ra
hin c c c thng tin chnh xc trnh c nhng s c ng tic xy
ra. Hnh 5.10 l v d ca CPU 214 vi ngun cung cp DC, ng vo DC v
ng ra DC c ni dy vi ngoi vi ( trch t s tay S7-200 Programmable
Controller System Manual). Ta nhn thy mi mt nhm ng vo cng nh
mt nhm ng ra v CPU c cung cp ngun ring l 24 Vdc. Ngoi ra trn
khi CPU cn c ngun ph 24 Vdc (n 280 mA) c th c s dng
cung cp cho cc cm bin hoc khi m rng.
58
Chu Ch c

RELAY
OUTPUTS
DC 24V
OUTPUTS
.0
.0
.1
.1
.2
220V
.3
K1
.4
.2
AC
OUTPUTS
.0
.1
M
.3
K1
.4
.5
H1
.6
.7
220V
.5
H1
220V
.3
K1
.5
H1
.6
24V
L+
.4
.6
.7
.2
24V
.7
24V
a)
b)
c)
Hnh 5.9: Kt ni dy ng ra PLC vi c cu chp hnh
Hnh 5.10: S ni dy CPU 214 DC/DC/DC vi ngun v ngoi vi
59
Chu Ch c
Hnh 5.11: S ni dy CPU 224 AC/DC/Relay vi ngun v ngoi vi
5.2 Kim tra vic kt ni dy bng phn mm

Mt cng vic quan trng cho ngi lp t v vn hnh l bit c cc
kt ni ca cc ng vo/ra vi ngoi vi c ng hay khng trc khi np
chng trnh iu khin vo CPU. Hoc khi mt h thng ang hot ng
bnh thng nhng mt s c h hng xy ra th cc phn ngoi vi no b h
v pht hin n bng cch no. Cc phn mm cho cc b iu khin bng
PLC thng c trang b thm cng c kim tra vic kt ni dy ng vo/ra
vi ngai vi. Trong phn mm Step 7 Micro/Win (phn mm lp trnh cho h
S7-200) c trang b thm phn ny l mc Status Chart.
s dng phn mm tt hn hy xem thm chng Phn mm STEP
7-Micro/Win v ngn ng lp trnh.
5.2.1
Status Chart
Chng ta c th s dng Status Chart c, ghi hoc cng bc cc

bin trong chng trnh theo mong mun. c th m Status Chart, ta nhp
p chut vo biu tng Status Chart
trong ca s Navigation Bar
trn mn hnh Step 7-Micro/Win32 hoc vo mc View Component
Status Chart.
5.2.2
60
Gim st v thay i bin vi Status Chart
Chu Ch c
Hnh 5.9 ch mt v d v cch s dng Status Chart. c hay ghi cc

bin chng ta thc hin theo cc bc sau:
Bc 1: u tin trong ct Address ta nhp vo a ch hay tn k

hiu ca mt bin trong chng trnh ng dng m mun
gim st hoc iu khin, sau n ENTER. Lp li bc
ny cho tt c cc bin c thm vo biu .
Bc 2: Nu bin l 1 Bit (v d:I, Q, hoc M), th kiu bin t ct Format
l bit. Nu bin l mt byte, word, hay double word th chn ct
Format v nhp p chut tm kiu bin mong mun.
Bc 3: xem gi tr hin hnh ca cc bin trong PLC trong biu , hy
nhp chut vo biu tng
hoc chn Debug Chart Status.
chp c mt gi tr ca cc bin ti thi im nhp chut s
dng Debug Single Read hoc nhp chut vo biu tng
Bc 4:
dng vic gim st th nhp chut vo biu tng

chn Debug Chart Status.
Bc 5:
thay i gi tr ca mt bin hoc nhiu bin, hy nhp gi tr

mi vo ct New Value cho cc bin mong mun v nhp chut
hoc
vo biu tng
hoc chn Debug Write All ghi tt c
cc gi tr ny vo cc bin tng ng trong CPU.
61
Chu Ch c
G b tt c gi tr
cng bc
c gi tr b cng bc
trong CPU
B gi tr b cng bc c chn
cng bc cc bin c chn
Bo cho bit bin ny b

cng bc
Bo cho bit ch mt phn

ca bin ny b cng bc
Hnh 5.13: V d v status chart
5.2.3
Cng bc bin vi Status Chart
Trong mt s trng hp cn thit phi p buc mt ng vo hoc mt

ng ra hoc bt k mt bin no trong chng trnh theo mt gi tr mong
mun cho ph hp vi han cnh hat ng hin ti ca h thng hoc
kim tra cc li xy ra trong h thng iu khin, ta c th s dng cng c
cng bc bin (Force).
cng bc bin trong Status Chart vi mt gi tr xc nh, thc hin
cc bc sau:
Bc 1: Chn mt trong ct Address, vo a ch hay hay tn ca bin cn
cng bc.
Bc 2:
Nu bin l 1 Bit (v d:I0.0, Q0.1), th kiu bin ct Format lun

lun l bit. Nu bin l mt byte, word, hay double word th chn
ct Format v nhp p chut tm kiu bin mong mun.
Bc 3:
cng bc bin vi gi tr hin hnh, trc tin hy c gi tr

hin hnh trong PLC bng cch nhp chut vo biu tng
hoc chn Debug Chart Status.
.
62
Chu Ch c
Nhp hoc cun cha gi tr hin hnh mun cng bc. Nhp
chut vo biu tng
hoc chn Debug Force trn v tr
gi tr hin hnh cng bc bin gi tr .
Bc 4:
cng bc mt gi tr mi cho mt bin, nhp gi tr vo ct

New Value v nhp chut vo biu tng
Force .
Bc 5:
hoc chn Debug
xem gi tr hin hnh ca tt c cc bin b cng bc, kch

chut vo biu tng Read All Forced
Read All Forced.
hoc chn Debug
Bc 6: cho tt c cc bin tr li trng thi bnh thng, hy kch chut

vo biu tng Unforce All
hoc chn Debug Unforce All.
Mun g b cng bc mt bin, hy chn bin mong mun v
nhp chut vo biu tng
hoc chn Debug Unforce.
5.2.4 ng dng Status Chart trong vic kim tra kt ni dy trong S7-200
Sau khi kt ni dy ngai vi vi cc ng vo/ra ca PLC, vic k tip l
kim tra li kt ni dy ny pht hin ra cc li kt ni. Mt cng c hu
hiu l s dng Status Chart. Lu khi kim tra kt ni dy:
i vi ng vo:
-
Cc ng vo no c ni vi cc tip im thng ng hay tn hiu

c mc logic 1 th cc ng vo c in p v n bo trng thi cc
ng vo sng. Khi quan st trong status chart, ta s nhn thy cc gi
tr ny c mc logic 1.
Vic kim tra cc ng vo nn thc hin ln lt cho tng ng vo

theo bng kt ni dy vo/ra vi ngoi vi. C ngha l mi ln ta ch
thay i trng thi ca mt b to tn hiu (nt nhn, cm bin,...) v
quan st trng thi ca ng vo c kt ni vi n trong status chart.
Ghi chp li cc kt ni b sai v sa cha.
i vi ng ra:
-
trng thi bnh thng khi cha c chng trnh th tt c cc ng

ra ca PLC u mc logic 0 (khng c in p) v n bo trng
thi cc ng ra u tt.
Vic kim tra ni dy ng ra nn thc hin ln lt tng ng ra theo

bng kt ni dy bng cch cho ng ra mun kim tra ln mc lodic
1 trong status chart v quan st trng thi ca ngoi vi c kt ni
tng ng. Nu ngoi vi tng ng c in chng t n c kt ni
ng cn ngc li kt ni sai.
63
Chu Ch c
Ghi chp li cc kt ni sai v sa cha.
5.3 Cu hi v bi tp
BT 5.1:
Ng vo ca PLC c th ng in cho cun dy r le iu
khin mt ng c c khng? Cc khi vo v khi ra ng vai tr g trong
vic giao tip gia PLC v thit b ngai vi?
BT 5.2:
Cc khi m rng ng vo/ra c li ch g?
BT 5.3:
iu g xy ra nu mt ng ra AC c cp ngun DC?
BT 5.4:
Mt khi vo/ra m rng ca PLC h S7-200 loi EM223 gm c 8
ng vo DC/8 ng ra rle. Cc ng vo c ni vi 4 nt nhn, 2 ng ra
c ni vi mt rle trung gian s dng ngun 24VDC dng ng mch
cho mt contactor 220VAC iu khin ng c 3 pha 220V/380V. 2 ng ra
c ni vi 2 n bo 220VAC bo chiu quay ca ng c. 2 ng ra
c s dng cho cc van kh nn 24 VDC. Hy v s ni dy cc ng
vo v ra ny vi ngoi vi theo yu cu.
BT 5.5:
Hy thit k mt d n c iu khin bng PLC. Trc khi t
hng, cn phi phc tho vic ni dy c bn v chn la cc loi PLC hoc
khi vo/ra c cc ng vo/ra tng ng. Cc thit b c s dng ni
vi cc ng vo gm c: 2 cng tc hnh trnh, 1 nt nhn thng h, 1 nt
nhn thng ng v mt tip im nhit. Ng ra s iu khin mt van
solenoid 24VDC, mt n bo 110VAC v mt ng c 220VAC/50HP. Hy
la chn loi PLC hoc mt khi vo/ra ph hp v kt ni dy theo yu cu
t ra.
BT 5.6:
Hy phc tho s ni dy cho cc ng ra PLC theo yu cu
c lit k di y:
64
Mt van kh nn c 2 cun dy solenoid
Mt n bo 24VDC
Mt n bo 120 VAC
Mt ng c cng sut thp 12 VDC.
Chu Ch c
6 Phn mm Micro/Win v ngn ng lp trnh
Phn mm Micro/Win v ngn ng lp trnh
6.1 Ci t phn mm STEP 7-Micro/WIN

STEP 7-Micro/WIN l mt phn mm lp trnh cho h PLC S7-200. Hin
phin bn ang c s dng l STEP 7-Micro/Win V4.0 Service Pack 6.
6.1.1
Yu cu h iu hnh v phn cng
My tnh c nhn PC, mun ci t c phn mm STEP 7-micro/WIN

phi tha mn nhng yu cu sau y:
-
Microsoft Windows 2000 Service Pack 3 hoc cao hn, Windows XP

Home, hoc Windows XP Professional.
C t nht 350 MB a cng cn trng
S dng ch ci t font ch nh phn gii mn hnh ti thiu l

1024x768 pixels.
Nu cha c cp kt ni my tnh vi PLC S7-200 th ta vn c th

son tho chng trnh ch offline v kim tra hot ng ca chng
trnh vi mt phn mm m phng.
truyn thng vi S7-200, ta cn mt trong cc phn cng sau:
-
PC/PPI Cable kt ni CPU S7-200 vi PC qua cng USB
PC/PPI Cable kt ni CPU S7-200 vi PC qua cng RS232

(COM1 hoc COM2)
CP card (Communications processor) v cp MPI (multipoint

interface).
EM241 modem
CP243-1 hoc CP243-1 IT Ethernet
6.1.2 Ci t phn mm
Thc hin theo cc bc sau:
1. ng tt c cc ng dng
2. Chn a CD STEP 7-Micro/Win vo a CD-Rom. Chng trnh
s c t ng ci t. Ta cng c th khi ng chng trnh
ci t bng cch nhp p chut vo file Setup.exe| trn CD.
65
Chu Ch c
3. Sau s nhn c dn dn tng bc cc ch dn thao tc tip

theo trn mn hnh v hon thnh cng vic ci t.
4. Khi ci t xong, hp thoi set PG/PC Interface t ng xut
hin. Kch Cancel kt thc.
5. Ta cn khi ng li my hon tt vic ci t.
Sau khi ci t xong c th bt u son tho chng trnh nh phn
mm STEP 7-Micro/WIN bng cch nhp p chut vo biu tng STEP 7
MicroWIN trn mn hnh.
Ch : Khi ci t phin phn STEP 7-Micro/WIN V4.0 Sevice Pack 6 th
trc tin ta cn phi uninstall phin bn c v sau mi ci t c phin
bn ny. Sau khi download ta nhp p chut vo file STEP7MicroWIN_V40_SP6.exe v thc hin theo cc bc sau:
Bc 1: Uninstall phin bn STEP 7-Micro/WIN V4.0 bng cng c
control panel trong Window (menu Start settingscontrol paneladd
or remove program).
Bc 2: Khi ng li my tnh
Bc 3: Ci t STEP 7-Micro/WIN V4.0 Service Pack (SP6) bng cch
nhp p chut vo file STEP7-MicroWIN_V40_SP6.exe.
6.2 Cc phn t c bn trong chng trnh PLC S7-200

Cc phn t c bn trong mt chng trnh PLC S7-200 l:
1. Chng trnh chnh (main program)
2. Chng trnh con (subroutine)
3. Chng trnh ngt (interrupt rountine)
4. Khi h thng (system block)
5. Khi d liu (data block)
6.2.1
Chng trnh chnh OB1 (main program)
y l phn khung ca chng trnh, cha cc lnh iu khin chng

trnh ng dng. Vi mt s chng trnh iu khin nh, n gin chng ta c
th vit tt c cc lnh trong khi ny. Chng trnh ng dng c x l bt
u t chng trnh chnh, cc lnh c x l ln lt t trn xung di v
ch mt ln mi vng qut. Trong S7-200 chng trnh c cha trong
khi OB1.
6.2.2
Chng trnh con SUB (subroutine)
Cc lnh vit trong chng trnh con ch c th c x l khi chng

trnh con c gi (Call) t chng trnh chnh, t mt chng trnh con khc
hoc t mt chng trnh ngt. S dng chng trnh con khi chng ta mun
66
Chu Ch c
phn chia nhim v iu khin. Mi mt chng trnh con vit cho mt nhim
v nh hoc khi c cc yu cu iu khin tng t nhau (v d: iu khin
bng ti 1, iu khin bng ti 2) th chng ta ch cn to ra chng trnh
con mt ln v c th gi ra nhiu ln t chng trnh chnh.
S dng chng trnh con c mt s u im sau:
Chng trnh iu khin c chia theo nhim v iu khin nn c

cu trc r rng, rt thun tin cho vic chnh sa hay kim tra
chng trnh.
Gim thi gian vng qut ca chng trnh. CPU khng phi lin tc
x l tt c cc lnh ca chng trnh m ch x l chng trnh con
khi c lnh gi tng ng.
Chng trnh con cho php gim cng vic son tho khi c cc yu
cu iu khin tng t nhau.
(Bn c xem phn v d v cch s dng chng trnh con chng php
ton nh phn).
6.2.3
Chng trnh ngt INT(interrupt routine)
Chng trnh ngt c thit k s dng cho mt s kin ngt c

nh ngha trc. Bt c khi no s kin ngt xc nh xy ra, th S7-200 thc
hin chng trnh ngt.
Chng trnh ngt khng c gi bi chng trnh chnh m theo s
kin ngt xy ra. Chng trnh ngt s ch c x l mi khi s kin ngt
xy ra.
(Phn chng trnh ngt s c trnh by chi tit tp 2).
6.2.4
Khi h thng (system block)
System block cho php ta cu hnh cc ty chn phn cng khc nhau
cho S7-200.
6.2.5
Khi d liu (data block)
Data block lu tr cc gi tr bin khc nhau (vng nh V) c s dng

trong chng trnh. Gi tr ban u ca cc d liu c th nhp vo trong khi
d liu.
(Phn khi d liu s c trnh by chi tit tp 2).
6.3 Ngn ng lp trnh

c th son tho chng trnh cho cc PLC S7-200, chng ta dng
phn mm Step7 MicroWin. V cng ging nh PLC ca cc hng khc,
chng ta c 3 dng son tho thng dng l dng LAD, FBD v STL. Vic
chn dng son tho no vit chng trnh iu khin l do ngi dng
ty chn.
67
6.3.1
Chu Ch c
Dng hnh thang : LAD (Ladder logic)
dng son tho ny chng trnh c hin th gn ging nh s

ni dy mt mch trang b in dng cc relay v contactor. Chng ta xem
nh c mt dng in t mt ngun in chy qua mt chui cc tip im
logic ng vo t tri qua phi ti ng ra. Chng trnh iu khin c
chia ra lm nhiu Network, mi mt Network thc hin mt nhim v nh v
c th. Cc Network c x l ln lt t trn xung di v t tri sang
phi.
Cc phn t ch yu dng trong dng son tho ny l:
Tip im khng o:
Tip im o:
Ng ra (hoc trng thi ni ca bin):
Cc hp chc nng (Box): cc chc nng c biu din dng hp

nh cc php ton s hc, nh thi, b m
V d:
Ng ra dng cun dy
Tip im logic ng vo
ng ngun
Dng son tho ny c mt s u im:

D dng cho nhng ngi mi bt u lp trnh
Biu din dng ha d hiu v thng dng
Lun lun c th chuyn t dng STL sang LAD
6.3.2
Dng khi chc nng : FBD (Function Block Diagram)
Dng son tho FBD hin th chng trnh dng ha tng t nh

s cc cng logic. FBD khng s dng khi nim ng ngun cung cp
tri v phi; do khi nim dng in khng c s dng. Thay vo l
logic 1. Khng c tip im v cun dy nh dng LAD, nhng c cc
cng logic v cc hp chc nng. Cc cng logic nh AND, OR, XORs
tng ng vi cc tip im logic ni tip hay song song
V d:
68
Chu Ch c
u ra ca cc cng logic hay hp chc nng c th c s dng

ni tip vi u vo ca cc cng logic hay cc hp chc nng khc. Vi
dng son tho ny c mt s im chnh sau:
Biu din dng ha cc cng chc nng gip chng ta d c
hiu theo trnh t iu khin.
Lun c th chuyn t hin th dng FBD sang STL.
6.3.3
Dng lit k lnh : STL (StaTement List)
y l dng son tho chng trnh dng tp hp cc cu lnh. Ngi

dng phi nhp cc cu lnh t bn phm, gia lnh v ton hng (ton hng
c th l a ch, d liu) c khong trng v mi lnh chim mt hng.
dng son tho ny s c mt s chc nng m dng son tho LAD hay
FBD khng c.
V d:
Dng san tho ny c mt s im chnh:

L dng san tho ph hp cho nhng ngi c kinh nghim lp trnh
PLC.
STL cho php gii quyt mt s vn m i khi kh khn khi dng
LAD hoc FBD.
Lun lun c th chuyn t dng LAD hay FBD v dng STL nhng
khi chuyn ngc li t STL sang LAD hay FBD s c mt s phn
t chng trnh khng chuyn c.
6.4 Son tho chng trnh vi phn mm STEP7Micro/Win V4.0 SP6

6.4.1 M mn hnh son tho chng trnh
m STEP 7--Micro/WIN, nhp p chut vo biu tng STEP 7Micro/WIN
trn mn hnh desktop, hoc chn Start > SIMATIC > STEP
7 MicroWIN V4.0. Giao din mn hnh c dng (hnh 6.1).
69
Chu Ch c
6.4.1.1 Vng son tho chng trnh

Vng son tho chng trnh cha chng trnh v bng khai bo
bin cc b ca khi chng trnh ang c m. Chng trnh con (vit tt
l SUB) v chng trnh ngt (vit tt l INT) xut hin cui ca s son
tho chng trnh. Ty thuc vo vic nhp chut mc no m ca s mn
hnh son tho chng trnh tng ng s c m.
6.4.1.2 Cy lnh
Cy lnh hin th tt c cc i tng ca d n v cc lnh vit
chng trnh iu khin. C th s dng phng php drag and drop (ko
v th) tng lnh ring t ca s cy lnh vo chng trnh, hay nhp p
chut vo mt lnh m mun chn n vo v tr con tr mn hnh son tho
chng trnh.
Thanh cng c
Vng son tho

Cy lnh
Thanh chc nng
Hnh 6.1: Mn hnh son tho chng trnh STEP 7-Micro/Win

6.4.1.3 Thanh chc nng
Thanh chc nng cha mt hm cc biu tng truy cp cc c
im chng trnh khc nhau ca STEP 7--Micro/WIN.
* Program Block:
Nhp p chut vo biu tng ny m ra ca s son tho cc
chng trnh ng dng (OB1, SUB hoc INT)
* Symbol Table:
Bng k hiu (Symbol table) cho php ngi dng m t cc a ch s
dng trong chng trnh di dng cc tn gi gi nh. iu ny gip cho
70
Chu Ch c
vic c hiu chng trnh d dng v khi vit chng trnh t b sai st do s
dng trng a ch.
Tn gi nh a ch tuyt i
Ch thch
* Status Chart:
Bng trng thi (Status chart) cho php ngi dng gim st trng thi
cc ng vo v thay i trng thi tng ng ra. S dng bng trng thi
kim tra ni dy phn cng v xem ni dung cc vng nh.
Trong :
+ Ct Address: Cho php nhp a ch cc bin hay vng nh
+ Ct Format: Cho php chn dng d liu ca a ch
+ Ct Current Value: Hin th gi tr hin hnh ca a ch
+ Ct New Value: Cho php thay i trng thi ng ra hay ni
dung vng nh
* Data Block:
S dng Data Block nh mt vng nh t trc d liu cho cc bin
thuc vng nh V. C th to ra cc Data block khc nhau v t tn theo d
lliu chng trinh. V d:
Ca s son tho d liu:
71
Chu Ch c
* System Block :
y l khi chc nng h thng, khi m System Block chng ta c th ci
t cc chc nng nh:
- Communication ports: Chn cc thng s truyn thng vi thit b
khc nh my tnh hay CPU khc.
-
Retentive Ranges: Chn cc vng nh v a ch s c thuc tnh

retentive
Output Tables:
Cho php thit lp cu hnh trng thi ON v OFF

ca mi ng ra s khi CPU chuyn t trng thi
Run sang Stop.
Input filter:
Cho php chn thi gian tr cho mt vi ng vo

hoc tt c ng vo s (t 0.2ms n 12.8 ms).
Mc ch l gip chng nhiu vic ni dy ng
vo.
Pulse Catch Bits:
Cho php thit lp mt ng vo bt ly s

chuyn i trng thi tn hiu rt nhanh. Ngay khi
c chuyn i, gi tr ng vo s c cht cho
n khi c c bi chu k qut ca PLC.
Background Time:
Cho php thit lp lng thi gian PLC s dnh

cho cc hot ng nn trong ch RUN. c
im ny c s dng ch yu iu khin
nh hng ca chu k qut khi x l trng thi v
trong hot ng son tho runtime.
EM Confuguration: Cc module intelligent v a ch cu hnh tng

ng c nh ngha trong d n. Thng th
STEP 7-Micro/WIN wizard t cc a ch ny.
Configure LED:
LED SF/DIAG (System Fault/Diagnostic) c th

c chn sng khi thc hin chc nng cng
bc (Force) hoc xy ra li vo/ra (I/O).
Increase Memory:
Tng b nh chng trnh bng cch khng cho

son tho ch RUN. i vi b nh D liu
th khng th.
Password:
Cho php t mt khu bo v chng trnh.

C 4 cp ngi dng ty chn theo bng sau:
M t chc nng
c v ghi d liu
Start, Stop, khi ng
CPU
c v ghi ng h
thi gian (time-of-day
72
Level 1
Cho php
truy cp
Level 2
Cho php
truy cp
Leve 3
Level 4
Cho php
truy cp
Cho php
truy cp
Chu Ch c
Clock)
Upload chng trnh,
d liu, cu hnh CPU
Download chng
trnh, data block hoc
system block
Son tho Runtime
Xa chng trnh, data

block hoc system
block
Copy chng trnh,
data block hoc
system block vo card
nh
Cng bc d liu
trong status chart
Ghi ng ra trng thi
stop
Xa tc qut trong
PLC information
So snh d n
Yu cu
password
Yu cu
password
Khng bao
gi cho php
Yu cu
password
(khng bao
gi cho php
vi system
Block)
Khng bao
gi cho php
Yu cu
password
(khng bao
gi cho php
vi system
Block)
Yu cu
password
Khng bao
gi cho php
* Cross Reference:
Bng tham chiu cho bit nhng a ch vng nh no (Byte, bit, word
hay DWord, timer, counter) s dng v v tr (location) trong chng
trnh cng nh chc nng ca chng.
Mt v d bng cross reference c cho hnh 6.2. Ti ct Element,
nhp p vo a ch no th trnh son tho s m cho chng ta ca s
chng trnh c cha a ch tng ng. Vic ny gip cho chng ta d dng
kim tra hay thay i a ch khi c nhu cu.
73
Chu Ch c
Hnh 6.2: V d bng cross reference.
Communication:
v Set PG/PC
Cc biu tng ny khi kch hot s m ra hp thoi cho php chng

ta ci t cc giao tip vi my tnh nh: chn cng giao tip, a ch CPU, tc
truyn. y l bc cn thc hin khi bt u giao tip gia PLC vi my
tnh.
Hnh 6.3: Ca s Communications
74
Chu Ch c
Hnh 6.4: Ca s Set PG/PC Interface.
6.4.2
Thanh cng c (Toolbar) trong STEP7-Micro/WIN
Trong phn mm c t sn nhiu cng c gip ngi lp trnh d dng

trong vic s dng. Cc cng c c ngha nh sau:
New Project (File menu): Khi ng mt d n mi
Open Project (File menu): M mt d n tn ti
Save Project (File menu): Lu d n
Print (File menu): In chng trnh v ti liu d n
Print Preview (File menu): Xem trc khi in
Cut (Edit menu): Ct phn chn v a vo clipboard
Copy (Edit menu): Copy phn c chn vo clipboard
Paste (Edit menu): Dn ni dung clipboard vo ca s c kch hot
Undo (Edit menu): Khi phc li phn b xa trc
75
Chu Ch c
Compile (PLC menu): Bin dch ca s c kch hot (Program

Block hoc Data Block).
Compile All (PLC menu): Bin dch tt c cc phn t d n (Program
Block, Data Block, and System Block)
Upload (File menu): Ly (Upload) cc phn t d n t PLC vo mn
hnh son tho chng trnh
Download (File menu): Np (download) cc phn t d n t
STEP7-MicroWin vo PLC.
Option (Tools menu): Truy cp menu Options
RUN (PLC menu): t PLC ch RUN
STOP (PLC menu): t PLC ch STOP
Program Status (Debug menu): ON/OFF trng thi chng trnh trong
PLC.
Pause Program Status (Debug menu): Dng ON/OFF trng thi
chng trnh trong PLC.
Chart Status (Debug menu): ON/OFF hin th trng thi d liu trong
bng Status chart.
Trend View (View menu): ON/OFF xem trng thi d liu trong PLC
dng th
Pause Trend View: Dng vic v th d liu
Single Read (Debug menu): S dng Single Read cp nht mt ln
tt c cc gi tr trong bng Status Chart.
Write All (Debug menu): Ghi tt c cc gi tr ct New Value trong
bng Status Chart vo PLC.
Force (Debug menu): Cng bc d liu PLC
Unforce For (Debug menu): G b cng bc d liu PLC
76
Chu Ch c
Unforce All (Debug menu): G b tt c cc cng bc trong bng

Status Chart.
Read All Forced (Debug menu): c tt c cc gi tr cng bc trong
Status Chart.
6.4.3
To mt d n STEP 7-Micro/WIN
6.4.3.1 To d n mi
to mt d n mi
trong STEP 7-Micro/Win, chn
menu File > New hoc biu
tng
trong toolbar m
hp thoi "New" cho php to
mi mt d n (project).
Trong thanh chc nng, bm
Hnh 6.5: ng dn vo mn hnh son

tho chng trnh.
vo biu
tng
,
hoc vo menu View >
Component > Program Editor
m mn hnh son tho
chng trnh (hnh 6.5).

Cng trong menu View, ta c th chn ngn ng lp trnh l STL, Ladder hay
FBD theo mong mun.
son tho bng k hiu cho cc a ch ta bm vo biu tng

trong thanh chc nng, hoc vo menu View > Component > symbol Table.
Sau c th t k hiu cho cc a ch nh trnh by mc 6.4.1.3. Phn
chi tit s c trnh by trong chng php ton nh phn.
6.4.3.2 Lu d n
lu d n, nhp chut vo biu tng
, hoc vo menu File >
Save. Ca s mn hnh xut hin nh hnh 6.6. Chn th mc cn cha d
n, t tn d n v nhp chut vo th Save lu d n
77
Chu Ch c
Th mc cha d n
Tn d n
Hnh 6.6: Ca s mn hnh lu d n

6.4.3.3 M mt d n
, hoc
m mt d n ang c sn, nhp chut vo biu tng
vo menu File > Open. Ca s mn hnh xut hin nh hnh 6.7. Chn th
mc cha chng trnh cn m, chn tn d n v sau nhp chut vo th
Open.
Th mc cha d n
D n cn m
Hnh 6.7: Ca s mn hnh cha d n cn m
6.4.4
Th vin
Th vin (Libraries) c s dng lu tr cc khi chng trnh con

c truyn tham s c s dng lp trnh. Cc khi c th copy vo trong
78
Chu Ch c
mt th vin t mt d n c sn hoc chng c th c to ra trc tip

trong th vin c lp vi cc d n.
Khi ci t STEP 7-Micro/WIN th cc khi cha c ci t vo trong
th vin. ci t th vin chun c th download th vin S7-200 t trang
www.siemens.com hoc s dng a phn mm STEP 7--Micro/WIN Add-on:
STEP 7--Micro/WIN 32 Instruction Library, V1.1 (CD-ROM).
C th chn thm hoc xa b bt cc khi chng trnh trong th vin
s dng File > Add/Remove Libraries v sau chn th Add chn khi
chng trnh th vin mong mun a vo th vin.
m th vin, vo Cy Lnh chn mc Libraries, chn cc khi
chng trnh cn s dng. Vic to thm cc khi chng trnh con truyn
tham s c s dng lm th vin c th c to ra t File > Create
Library v chn chng trnh con cn lm th vin.
6.4.5
H thng tr gip trong STEP 7-Micro/WIN
Trng hp gp kh khn trong lp trnh cng nh cn tm hiu r hn

v mt thng tin no trong phn mm ta c th s dng cng c tr gip.
C nhiu cch khc nhau m tr gip:
1. S dng menu Help > Contents and Index kch hot tr gip
chung.
2. S dng phm F1 tr gip theo ng cnh vi i tng c
chn.
Hnh 6.8: Mn hnh tr gip
Th Content: Hin th danh sch cc ch tr gip
79
Chu Ch c
Th Index: Cho php truy cp thng tin tr gip bng vic hin th
danh sch cc thut ng theo th t alphabe.
Th Find: Cho php tm kim cc t c th v thut ng trong ch
tr gip.
Khi nhp chut vo cc t c ni ln c mu xanh v gch chn (hotwords)

s xut hin cc tr gip chi tit hn.
6.4.6
Xa b nh CPU
Khi xa PLC th PLC phi t ch STOP v reset PLC theo chun

nh my, ngoi tr a ch PLC, tc truyn, v ng h thi gian (time-ofdate clock). xa chng trnh trong PLC thc hin nh sau:
1. Chn PLC > Clear... th hp thoi Clear xut hin
2. Chn tt c cc mc chp nhn bng cch nhp OK.
3.
6.4.7
Nu c password trong b nh PLC th hp thoi yu cu

password xut hin. xa password th nhp CLEARPLC vo
hp thoi v tip tc hot ng xa tt c.
M mt d n ang tn ti sn
M mt d n tn ti (tp tin c phn m rng .mwp) hay thnh phn ca

d n v bt u mt phn son tho mi bng cch s dng cc phng
php sau:
1. Nhp chut vo biu tng Open Project
2. Chn menu lnh File > Open.

3. n t hp phm Ctrl+O
4. M Windows Explorer v nhp p chut v tp tin c phn m rng
.mwp.
5. M mt thnh phn d n bng cch nhp chut phi vo cc ghi
ch trong cy lnh (Instruction Tree). Chn Open m.
m cc d n c to vi cc phin bn trc
ca STEP 7-
Micro/WIN hay STEP 7-Micro/DOS th nhp chut vo Open

File>Open v chn tp tin mong mun.
hay chn
Ch :
- D n to bng cc phin bn trc ca STEP 7-Micro/WIN hay
STEP 7-Micro/DOS c th cha mt hay nhiu cu trc logic m STEP 7Micro/WIN, Version 3.0 v cao hn khng h tr. m c d n, ta phi
s dng phin bn c to d n v lu li d n theo th tc sau:
1. Chuyn mn hnh son tho sang STL.
80
Chu Ch c
2. Tt a ch theo k hiu.
3. Lu tp tin d n.
- Chng trnh to vi STEP 7-Micro/WIN V3.1 SP1 s dng lnh
AND c ng vo n FBD, v c lu xem FBD, th khng th m
c vi STEP 7-Micro/WIN V3.1. m cc d n ny vi STEP 7Micro/WIN V3.1, d n trc tin nn c chuyn sang xem STL v
lu li dng ny.
- Khng th s dng lnh Open m mt d n trong PLC; Cc tp tin
d n ch c th m c nu n c lu tr trn PC hoc PG (thit b lp
trnh)
- Vi phn mm STEP-7 Micro/WIN mi ln m ch c mt d n. V
vy mun m 2 d n ti cng mt thi im th phi chy hai ln STEP-7
Micro/WIN. Khi m hai d n, ta c th copy cc phn t chng trnh ln
nhau.
6.4.8
Kt ni truyn thng S7-200 vi thit b lp trnh
kt ni truyn thng S7-200 vi thit b lp trnh th cn phi c cp

kt ni (xem chng 4). Vic kt ni truyn thng thc hin theo cc bc
sau:
1. Nhp chut vo biu tng communication
trong thanh
chc nng hay vo View > Component > Communications.
Hnh 6.9: Mn hnh thit lp truyn thng

2. Kim tra xem a ch ca cp PC/PPI trong hp thoi c c t l 0
cha? Thng mc nh l 0.
81
Chu Ch c
3. Kim tra tham s mng (Network Parameters) v tc truyn

(Transmission Rate) c ng cha. Nu cha ng th nhp chut
vo th
PLC.
thit lp li giao tip gia PC v
4. Nhp p chut vo biu tng

tm trm S7-200
v mt biu tng CPU cho trm S7-200 c kt ni s c hin
th (v d biu tng
).
5. Chn S7-200 v nhp OK. Nu STEP 7--Micro/WIN khng tm ra

CPU S7-200, kim tra vic t chnh cc tham s truyn thng v lp
li bc ny.
6. Sau khi thit lp truyn thng vi S7-200, ta c th sn sng to
v download chng trnh vo CPU.
6.4.9
Ti d n t PLC
C th s dng biu tng trn toolbar hoc menu File ti (upload)

chng trnh t PLC v my tnh khi s dng phn mm STEP 7-Micro/WIN.
Cn lu l PLC c kt ni truyn thng vi thit b lp trnh.
6.4.9.1 Ti mt khi hoc ba khi
C th ti khi chng trnh (OB1, chng trnh con, chng trnh ngt),
System Block, v Data Block hay chn la mt trong ba khi ny t PLC v
my tnh. Chng trnh trong PLC khng cha cc a ch k hiu hay thng
tin status chart. Do , ta khng th ti mt bng Symbol Table hay Status
Chart.
6.4.9.2 Ti vo mt d n mi hoc d n rng
ti chng trnh v my tnh th mt cch khng lm nh hng n
cc chng trnh ang m l ng n li v to mt d n mi, v d n mi
l rng nn khng th v tnh ph hy d liu. y l cch thc an ton ly
khi chng trnh, system block hoc thng tin data block. Nu mun ly s
dng bng k hiu (symbol table) hoc status chart c to cho d n
ny, th c th m d n c mn hnh STEP 7-Micro/WIN khc v copy cc
thng tin ny vo d n c upload v.
6.4.9.3 Ti vo mt d n tn ti
y l mt cch vit tt c cc phn ca chng trnh hin hnh
bng chng trnh c np vo PLC trc .
6.4.9.4 Th tc ti d n t PLC v thit b lp trnh
thc hin ti, thc hin cc bc sau:
82
Chu Ch c
1. Trong STEP 7-Micro/WIN m mt d n gi cc khi s c

upload t PLC.
Nu mun upload vo mt d n rng, chn File > New hoc s

dng biu tng New Project
trn toolbar.
Nu mun upload vo mt d n tn ti, chn File > Open hoc

s dng biu tng Open Project
trn toolbar.
2. Chn File > Upload hoc s dng biu tng Upload

toolbar khi ng qu trnh upload.
trn
3. Hp thoi Upload xut hin yu cu chn cc khi: program block,

data block, and system block. Hy chn cc khi mun Upload, v sau
nhp OK.
Hnh 6.10: Hp thoi Upload

4. STEP 7-Micro/WIN hin th ch sau:
Hnh 6.11: Ch khi upload t PLC v thit b lp trnh

Nhn Yes chp nhn vic upload.
STEP 7-Micro/WIN hin th mt thng bo khi upload cc khi thnh cng
t PLC v thit b lp trnh hoc my tnh PC.
6.4.10 Np (download) mt d n vo PLC
Khi cho php kt ni truyn thng gia PC v PLC, ta c th download
chng trnh vo PLC. Cn lu rng khi download mt program block, data
block hay system block vo PLC th ni dung ca cc khi c download vo
s vit ln cc khi hin hnh trong PLC. Cc bc thc hin nh sau:
83
Chu Ch c
1. Trc khi download vo PLC, cn phi kim tra xem PLC ch

Stop cha thng qua n bo STOP trn PLC. Nu cng tc chn
ch trn PLC t v tr TERM th ta c th chn PLC ch
RUN hoc STOP t my lp trnh. Nu PLC khng ch STOP,
th nhp chut vo biu tng STOP
PLC > STOP.
trong toolbar hoc chn
Trong trng hp khng dng phn mm th chuyn cng tc chn

ch cho PLC v v tr STOP.
trong toolbar hoc chn
2. Nhp chut vo biu tng download
File > Download. Hp Download xut hin.
3. Chn cc khi cn download. Thng thng l chn tt c.
4. Nhp OK bt u qu trnh download.
5. Nu download thnh cng, th mt hp thoi hin th thng bo:
Download Successful. Tip tc n bc 12.
6. Nu loi PLC c chn cho chng trnh trong STEP 7/Micro/WIN
khng ph hp vi PLC thc t, th mt hp thoi xut hin vi thng
bo:
"The PLC type selected for the project does not match the remote
PLC type. Continue Download?".
7. t li loi PLC cho ph hp, chn No dng tin trnh downoad.
8. Chn PLC > Type vo hp thoi chn loi PLC.
9. C th chn ng loi PLC theo danh sch trong mc
ca hp thoi. Hoc nhp chut

vo th
ng loi PLC ang kt ni.
STEP 7-Micro/WIN t ng tm
10. Nhp OK chp nhn loi PLC v ng hp thoi.

11. Khi ng li qu trnh download bng cch nhp chut vo biu
tng download
trong toolbar hay chn File > Download.
12. Ngay khi download thnh cng, ta phi chuyn PLC t STOP sang
RUN trc khi PLC c th thc hin chng trnh. Nhp chut vo
biu tng RUN
84
trong toolbar hay chn PLC > RUN chuyn
Chu Ch c
PLC sang ch RUN khi cng tc chn ch cho PLC v tr

TERM.
Trng hp s dng cng tc th chuyn t v tr STOP sang RUN.
6.4.11 Thit lp cu hnh chung cho phn mm (menu option v

customize)
6.4.11.1 Menu Option
C th nh ngha mt ng dn mc nh n mt th mc tp tin xc
nh m v lu cc d n STEP 7-Micro/WIN. Ta s dng menu lnh
Tools > Options.
Ngoi ra, truy cp trc tip Option cho tng thnh phn trong cy lnh
(Instruction tree) th tr chut vo thnh phn mong mun v nhp chut phi,
sau chn mc option.
Hnh 6.12: Ca s Options

* General Options
- Th General: Chn th ny la chn Program Editor, Mnemonic
Set, Programming Mode, Language, v Regional Settings(Measurement
System, Time Format, and Date Format) mc nh.
- Th Defaults: Chn th ny t v tr tp tin v loi PLC mc nh cho
cc d n mi. Ta cng c th chn thm System Symbol Table cho tt c
cc d n mi.
- Th Colors: Chn th ny gn Font v Color cho cc ca s khc
nhau.
* Program Editor Options
85
Chu Ch c
- Th Program Editor: Chn th ny nh kch thc, hin th v font

ca ca s son tho chng trnh. Chn trng thi hin th bn trong hay
bn ngoi lnh. Cu hnh a ch theo k hiu. Ta cng c th chn cho
php son tho ton t sau khi t mt lnh v nh dng t ng bt k m
lnh STL c nhp vo.
- Th STL Status: Chn th ny ty bin cch thc m Program
Status c trnh din STL. Ta c th thay i cc t chnh sau: Watch
Values, Operands, Logic Stack, Instruction Status Bits.
* Other Options
- Th Symbol Table: Chn th ny thit lp kiu font, kiu dng v
kch thc ca bng k hiu (symbol table). Ta c th chn hin th cc k
hiu trng nhau, khng c s dng.
- Th Status Chart: Chn th ny thit lp kiu font, kiu dng v kch
thc ca status chart. Cng c th thit lp vic nh a ch theo k hiu.
- Th Data Block: Chn th ny thit lp kiu font, kiu dng v kch
thc v rng ca data block.
- Th Cross Reference: Chn th ny thit lp kiu font, kiu dng v
kch thc ca bng cross reference. Cng c th thit lp vic nh a ch
theo k hiu.
- Th Output Window: Chn th ny thit lp kiu font, kiu dng v
kch thc ca output window.
- Th Instruction Tree: Chn th ny thit lp kiu font, kiu dng v
kch thc ca Instruction Tree (cy lnh). Ta cng c th chn cho php
t ng xp li ca instruction tree.
- Th Navigation Bar: Chn th ny thit lp kiu font, kiu dng v
kch thc ca navigation bar.
- Th Print: Chn th ny thit lp kiu font, kiu dng v kch thc
ca cc d n mun in.
6.4.11.2 Menu Custommize
Menu custommize cho php ta thay i s xut hin ni dung trong
toolbar v thm vo cc cng c c s dng thng xuyn vo menu
Tools.
86
Chu Ch c
Hnh 6.13: Ca s custommize.

Chn menu lnh Tools > Customize thit lp cc la chn sau:
- Th Commands: Cho php thay i s xut hin cc ni dung ca
toolbars.
- Th Add-On Tools: Cho php thm vo cc cng c c s dng
thng xuyn vo menu Tools.
* Thay i s xut hin:
- Chn Show Tooltips nu mun cc nt nhn hin th cc thng tin
v n khi con tr chut dng trn nt nhn.
- Chn Show Flat Buttons nu mun cc nt nhn xut hin
dng phng thay v xut hin dng 3-D.
* Di chuyn mt nt nhn:
- Chn mt toolbar t hp danh sch Category hin th cc nt nhn
ca toolbar . di chuyn mt nt nhn t toolbar mc nh sang toolbar
khc, th chn tn ca toolbar cha nt nhn cn di chuyn t hp danh sch
Category. Ko nt nt nhn mong mun trong vng nt nhn ra vng toolbar
thm n vo toolbar.
- loi b mt nt nhn trn toolbar, ko nt nhn trn toolbar v b
vo vng nt nhn ca hp thoi Customize.
87
Chu Ch c
* Th Add-On Tools: Thm mt cng c vo menu Tools.

c im ny c d nh tit kim thi gian i vi cc cng c c
s dng thng xuyn. thm mt cng c, nhp vo th Add-On Tools,
nhp vo nt
, v in vo cc vng di:
Bt k lnh c yu cu c bt u v kt thc bi du ngoc kp

khi nhp vo vng command(v d: "xxx xxx").
- Menu Text: Chn mt tn nhn dng cng c trn menu Tools.
- Command: Cung cp tn tp tin ca chng trnh cng c hay bat. file.
- Arguments: Cung cp cc ch dng lnh s dng bi tp tin
*.exe.
- Initial Directory: Cung cp ng dn th mc ang m cho cng c.
S dng nt
tm cc tp tin v th mc.
Khi thm vo mt cng c thnh cng, trong menu Tools xut hin cng
c thm.
6.4.12 Son tho chng trnh

Trc khi son tho chng trnh, cc bc sau y cn phi hon thnh:
-
Kt ni gia PLC v my tnh
Kt ni dy ng cc ng vo v ra vi ngoi vi
Trng hp khng c PLC, th ta ch c th son tho chng trnh v

lu tr li. Cn nu mun kim tra th cn phi c phn mm m phng S7200. Cc bc son tho mt d n mi:
1. M mn hnh son tho chng trnh
2. Nhp bng k hiu
3. Nhp chng trnh
4. Lu chng trnh
5. Download chng trnh vo CPU.
6. t CPU ch RUN.
7. Tm li v chnh sa chng trnh.
hiu c phn mm STEP 7-Micro/WIN d dng, chng ta nn vit
mt v d n gin c cho hnh 6.14 v bng thit lp vo/ra cho bng
6.1. Do mi bt u, ta nn vit chng trnh dng LAD, ri sau c th
xem dng FBD hay STL.
88
Chu Ch c
LAD
STL
Hnh 6.14: V d son tho mt chng trnh mi

K hiu
a ch
Ch thch
S_Stop
I0.0
Nt nhn dng ng c, thng ng (NC)
S_Right
I0.1
Nt nhn ng c quay phi, thng h (NO)
S_Left
I0.2
Nt nhn ng c quay tri, thng h (NO)
K1
Q0.0
Contactor cp in ng c quay phi
K2
Q0.1
Contactor cp in ng c quay tri
Bng 6.1: Bng xc nh kt ni dy vo/ra vi ngoi vi

Cc bc thc hin:
Bc 1: M mn hnh son tho chng trnh
m mn hnh
Nhp chut vo biu tng Program Block
son tho chng trnh (hnh 6.15). Ch ca s cy lnh (instruction tree)
v vng son tho chng trnh. S dng cy lnh chn cc lnh c
biu din dng LAD vo cc networks ca mn hnh son tho chng trnh
bng cch ko v th cc lnh t cy lnh vo cc networks.
c th nhp y cc ch thch (comment), th cn hin th cc ch
thch trong mn hnh son tho chng trnh. Vo View > POU Comment
hin th dng ch thch tiu chng trnh v View > Network comments
hin th dng ch thch ca tng network.
89
Chu Ch c
Vng son tho chng trnh
Cy lnh
Hnh 6.16: Mn hnh son tho chng trnh

Bc 2: Nhp bng k hiu
Nhp chut vo biu tng Symbol Table
son tho bng k hiu (hnh 6.17).
m mn hnh
Nhp cc thng tin (ch khng du) bng 6.1 vo bng Symbol Table. Vi:
-
Ct k hiu tng ng vi ct Symbol.
Ct a ch tng ng vi ct Address.
Ct ch thch tng ng vi ct comment.
Hnh 6.17: Mn hnh son tho bng k hiu

Sau khi nhp xong, ta c bng k hiu nh hnh 6.18.
90
Chu Ch c
Hnh 6.18: Bng k hiu cc phn t trong chng trnh

Trong qu trnh lp trnh c th pht sinh thm cc a ch mi. Khi pht
sinh thm a ch mi, ta nn b sung a ch vo trong bng k hiu d
dng cho qu trnh tm v x l li sau ny.
Bc 3: Nhp chng trnh
m li mn hnh
Nhp chut vo biu tng Program Block

son tho chng trnh (hnh 6.15).
Nhp Network 1: Dong co quay phai
Khi n nt nhn S_Right (I0.1), th tip im I0.1 ng, nt nhn S_Stop l

thng ng nn ng vo I0.0 lun lun c in hay tip im I0.0 cng
ng, v bnh thng ng ra Q0.1 cng khng c in (0) nn tip im
ny cng ng. Kt hp 3 tip im ny s c dng in cung cp cho
cun dy Q0.0 (ni vi K1). Contactor K1 c in ng tip im ng lc
ca n cp ngun cho ng c quay phi. Tip im Q0.0 (song song
I0.1) ng duy tr dng cung cp cho Q0.0 khi nt nhn S_Right h ra.
Nhp cc dng ch thch nh cho trong hnh 6.14.
Nhp cc tip im nh sau:
1. Nhp p chut vo hnh tng Bit Logic
hoc nhp
chut vo du cng (+) ca s cy lnh hin th cc lnh trong
bit logic.
2. Chn tip im Normally Open
3. Gi chut tri v ko tip im vo network u tin.

4. Nhp chut vo ??? trn tip im v nhp vo a ch: I0.1 v sau
nhn phm Enter.
5. Tng t t bc 2 n bc 4 nhp a ch I0.0
6.
Chn tip im Normally Closed
v sau nhp vo a ch Q0.1
91
7. Chn cun dy Output
Chu Ch c
v nhp vo ??? a ch Q0.0
Ch : khi g cc a ch I0.0, I0.1, Q0.0, Q0.1 c th ta s nhn c kt

qu l cc a ch theo k hiu. hin li cc a ch tuyt i ta b kch
hot View > Symbolic Addressing.
R nhnh Network 1.
gi chut tri v ko
1. Tng chn tip im Normally Open
tip im vo v tr con tr chut (hnh 6.18) v t tn Q0.0.
Hnh 6.18: R nhnh network

2. con tr chut v tr nh hnh 6.19a v nhp chut vo biu tng
line up
kt thc (hnh 6.19b).
(a)
(b)
Hnh 6.19: R nhnh network
Nhp network 2: Dong co quay trai

Tng t nh network 1.
Bc 4: Lu chng trnh
Sau khi nhp hai network lnh, ta nhp xong chng trnh. Khi lu
chng trnh, ta to mt d n bao gm loi CPU S7-200 v cc tham s
khc. lu mt d n, thc hin nh sau:
1. Chn File > Save As
2. Nhp vo tn ca d n trong hp thoi Save As
92
Chu Ch c
3. Nhp OK lu d n.
Bc 5: Download chng trnh vo CPU
Sau khi lu d n, ta c th download chng trnh vo S7-200.
Mi d n c lin kt vi mt loi CPU (CPU 221, CPU 222, CPU 224,
CPU 224XP, hoc CPU 226). Nu kiu d n khng ph hp vi CPU ang
kt ni, th STEP 7--Micro/WIN bo li khng tng thch v cc ng dn
ta tip tc cng vic. Nu iu ny xy ra, chn Continue Download.
Thc hin download chng trnh nh sau:
1.
Nhp chut vo biu tng Download

trn toolbar hoc chn
File > Download download chng trnh.
2.
Nhp OK download cc phn t chng trnh vo S7-200. Nu

S7-200 ch RUN, mt hp thoi xut hin yu cu bn t S7200 ch STOP. Nhp chut vo Yes t S7-200 ch
STOP.
Bc 6: t S7-200 ch RUN
i vi phn mm STEP 7-Micro/WIN t CPU S7-200 vo ch
RUN, th cng tc chn ch ca S7-200 phi c t v tr TERM hoc
RUN. Khi t S7-200 ch RUN, th S7-200 thc hin chng trnh:
1. Nhp chut vo biu tng RUN
RUN.
trn toolbar hoc chn PLC >
2. Nhp OK chuyn ch hot ng ca S7-200.

3. Khi S7-200 i vo ch RUN th n RUN trn PLC sng.
Bc 7: Tm li v chnh sa chng trnh
Sau khi CPU ch RUN, ta c th kim tra li chng trnh bng
cch n cc nt nhn S_Right, S_Stop, S_Left v quan st cc n LED Q0.0
v Q0.1.
Nu n nt nhn S_Right, th n LED Q0.0 sng.
n nt S_Stop, th n LED Q0.0 tt.
n nt S_Left, th n Q0.1 sng.
n nt S_Stop, th n LED Q0.1 tt.
Nu vic kim tra khng t c kt qu nh m t, th c th gim st
chng trnh bng cch chn Debug > Program Status hoc nhp chut vo
biu tng
. Da vo trng thi ca cc tip im v cc cun dy trong
chng trnh m c th tm ra cc li v chnh sa cho ph hp vi yu cu
cng ngh.
93
Chu Ch c
dng chng trnh, t S7-200 v ch STOP bng cch nhp

chut vo biu tng STOP
94
hoc chn PLC > STOP.
Chu Ch c
7 Cc php ton logic
Cc php ton logic
7.1
Ngn xp (logic stack) trong S7-200
Trong cc CPU S7-200 c mt ngn xp gm 9 bit, chng c s

dng cho cc cu lnh m d liu l dng bit. Khi vit chng trnh dng STL
th ngi lp trnh cn hiu r v phng thc hot ng ca cc bit trong
ngn xp. Ngn xp logic l mt khi gm 9 bit chng ln nhau. Tt c cc
thut ton lin quan n ngn xp u ch lm vic vi bit u tin hoc vi bit
u v bit th hai ca ngn xp. Gi tr logic mi u c th c gi (hoc
c ni thm) vo ngn xp. Khi phi hp hai bit u tin ca ngn xp, th
ngn xp s c ko ln mt bit. Ngn xp v tn ca tng bit trong ngn
xp c biu din di y:
S0
Stack 0 bit u tin hay bit trn cng ca ngn xp.
S1
Stack 1 bit th hai ca ngn xp.
S2
Stack 2 bit th ba ca ngn xp.
S3
Stack 3 bit th t ca ngn xp.
S4
Stack 4 bit th nm ca ngn xp.
S5
Stack 5 bit th su ca ngn xp.
S6
Stack 6 bit th by ca ngn xp.
S7
Stack 7 bit th tm ca ngn xp.
S8
Stack 8 bit th chn ca ngn xp.
Trong 9 Stack, th Stack 0 l ngn xp quan trng nht. Gi tr logic ca n

s l kt qu ca php ton logic. Hay ni khc i, sau mt php ton logic nh
phn th kt qu ca php ton s c lu Stack 0. Nu gi tr logic
Stack 0 c gi tr l 0 th kt qu thu c l 0, tng t nu c gi tr l 1
th kt qu thu c l 1.
Ngoi ra gi tr logic 1 ca Stack 0 cn l iu kin bt buc cho vic thi
hnh i vi mt s lnh.
95
7 Cc php ton logic
Chu Ch c
7.2 Cc php ton logic c bn

Trong phn ny trnh by cc php ton i vi d liu l bit. Trc tin
l phn l thuyt sau ti v d v chng trnh. CPU s dng trong cc v
d l loi DC/DC/DC (ngun cung cp cho ng vo, ra v CPU l 24Vdc).
V phn son tho chng trnh c trnh by chng 6, nn trong
phn ny khng trnh by li. Bn c c th xem mc 6.4.12 ca chng 6
thc hin cho cc v d chng ny v cc chng tip theo.
Chng ny ch yu trnh by v cc php ton lin quan n bit hay
cn gi l php ton nh phn. V vy khi vit chng trnh, ta ch ly cc phn
t trong bit logic (
) ca cy lnh.
7.2.1 Php ton AND

Php ton AND c s dng khi c yu cu iu khin l trng thi ca
2 hay nhiu tn hiu ng thi xy ra th s thc hin mt nhim v iu khin
no .
V d 7.1: n H1 s sng nu ng thi c 2 cng tc S1 v S2 trng thi
ng mch. n tt khi 1 trong 2 cng tc h mch.
S2
S1
24V
S1
I0.0
I0.1
I0.2
S2
I0.3
...
...
PLC
Q0.0
H1
H1
a)
Hnh 7.1
Q0.1
Q0.2
Q0.3
24V
b)
Lin kt AND: a) S mch in, b) Ni dy vi ng vo/ra PLC
+ Lp bng k hiu m t tn v a ch ca bin (son tho bng cch m

mc Symbol Table trong phn mm son tho):
Hnh 7.2 Bng k hiu
96
Chu Ch c
7 Cc php ton logic
Chng trnh:
LAD
FBD
STL
Hnh 7.3 Chng trnh c biu din 3 dng LAD, FBD v STL.
7.2.2 Php ton OR

Php ton OR s c s dng khi trng thi ca mt trong hai (hoc
nhiu) tn hiu tha mn iu kin ca yu cu iu khin th s thc hin mt
nhim v iu khin no .
V d 7.2: C 2 cng tc S3 v S4 u l thng h. Hy vit chng trnh
sao cho nu mt trong 2 cng tc ng li th n H2 s sng. n tt khi c 2
cng tc u m.
S4
S3
24V
I0.0
I0.1
I0.2
I0.3
...
...
PLC
Q0.0
Q0.1
Q0.2
H1
a)
Hnh 7.4
Q0.3
24V
b)
Lin kt OR: a) S mch in, b) Ni dy vi ng vo/ra PLC,
LAD
FBD
STL
Hnh 7.5 Bng k hiu v chng trnh lin kt OR
97
7 Cc php ton logic
7.2.3
Chu Ch c
T hp cc cng AND v OR
Trong thc t, cc i tng iu khin ph thuc vo mt t hp cc

lin kt logic AND v OR. Ty theo lin kt no ng trc m s c cc lnh
STL khc nhau.
7.2.3.1 AND trc OR
thc hin php OR hai lin kt AND li vi nhau th trong chng
trnh vit dng STL phi s dng thm lnh OLD.
V d 7.3:
a)
b)
c)chng trnh
LAD
FBD
STL
Hnh 7.6 AND trc OR: a) Mch in, b) Ni dy vi PLC, c) Chng trnh
7.2.3.2 OR trc AND
thc hin php AND hai lin kt OR li vi nhau th trong chng
trnh vit dng STL phi s dng thm lnh ALD.
98
Chu Ch c
7 Cc php ton logic
V d 7.4:
a)
b)
c) Chng trnh
LAD
FBD
STL
Hnh 7.7 OR trc AND: a) Mch in, b) Ni dy vi PLC, c) Chng trnh
7.2.4
Php ton XOR
Php ton XOR c s dng khi c 2 tn hiu m nu chng c cng

trng thi th ng ra s xung mc 0 cn nu 2 tn hiu ny khc trng thi th
ng ra s ln mc 1.
V d 7.5: s hnh 7.8a, mi mt nt nhn c gn 2 tip im (1NO
v 1NC), khi tc ng nt nhn th c 2 tip im ny tc ng theo. n sng
nu tc ng ch mt trong hai cng tc S1 hoc S2.
Bng k hiu
99
7 Cc php ton logic
Chu Ch c
S1
S2
H1
a)
b)
Hnh 7.8 Lin kt XOR
a) S mch in,
LAD
Hnh 7.9
b) Kt ni vi PLC
FBD
STL
Chng trnh lin kt XOR
7.3 X l cc tip im, cm bin c ni vi ng vo PLC

Mt vn quan trng i vi ngi mi lm quen vi chng trnh PLC
l vic xc nh ng trng thi cc loi tip im c vit LAD. c bit l
cc tip im ng vo.
Cc cm bin, cng tc hoc nt nhn thng c hai dng l thng
ng (NC), hoc thng h (NO). V cc ng vo s c ni vi cc i
tng ny nn cc tip im trong chng trnh, ty theo trng hp, cng
s c dng tng ng. Tuy nhin, d dng phn bit ta khng nn gi cc
tip im trong chng trnh l thng ng hoc thng m. Qui c t
tn cho cc tip im trong chng trnh nh sau:
-
Tip im
Tip im
: c gi l tip im khng o trng thi tn hiu

: c gi l tip im o trng thi tn hiu.
r hn trng thi cc tip im c ni vi ng vo s v kt qu x

l chng trnh trong PLC, ta xem bng 7.1.
T bng ny, ta c mt s nhn xt nh sau:
1. Ng vo c logic 1 khi ng vo c in p.
100
Chu Ch c
7 Cc php ton logic
2. Nu ng vo c ni vi tip im thng ng (NC), th ng vo

trng thi bnh thng lun c in (n LED bo ng vo tng ng
sng). N ch b mt in nu tip im NC b tc ng.
3. Nu ng vo c ni vi tip im thng h (NO), th ng vo
trng thi bnh thng khng c in (n LED bo ng vo tng
ng tt). N ch c in khi tc ng tip im NO.
4. Nu s dng tip im khng o trng thi tn hiu
, th kt qu
x l trong chng trnh c cng trng thi logic vi ng vo.
, th kt qu x l
5. Nu s dng tip im o trng thi tn hiu
trong chng trnh c trng thi logic ngc vi ng vo.
6. Khng c thay ty tin tip im thng h (NO) bng tip im
trong chng trnh, cng nh tip im thng ng (NC) bng
tip im
. M phi ch n yu cu cng ngh t ra.
B to tn hiu nh phn
Cm
bin,
nt
nhn
l mt
Cm
bin ,
nt
nhn
b
in
p ti
ng
vo
PLC
Trng
thi tn
hiu ti
ng
vo
Thc hin trong chng trnh PLC

Kim tra cho trng
Kim tra cho trng
thi tn hiu 0
thi tn hiu 1
K
hiu/lnh
Kt
qu
kim
tra
K
hiu/lnh
Kt
qu
kim
tra
tc
ng
1
LAD:
NO
khng
tc
ng
khng
tip im
khng o
FBD:
tc
ng
khng
0
LAD:
tip im
o
FBD:
0
NC
khng
tc
ng
STL:
LDN Ix.y
STL:
LD Ix.y
c
Bng 7.1 Trng thi cc tip im v x l trong chng trnh PLC
101
7 Cc php ton logic
Chu Ch c
V d sau y s lm sng t hn v vic x l cc tip im ni vi ng

vo.
V d 7.6: Trong 3 mch di y (hnh 7.10), n H1 s sng khi n nt
nhn S1 v khng n nt nhn S2.
T v d ta nhn thy d ng vo c ni vi loi nt nhn no cng
vn c th lp chng trnh tha mn c yu cu t ra. Tuy nhin vic
s dng cc tip im thng m hoc thng ng trong qu trnh iu
khin ph thuc vo cc qui tc an ton.
Cc tip im thng ng lun lun c s dng cho cng tc hnh
trnh v cng tc an ton, khng ch s nguy him nu dy in b t
trong mch in cm bin.
Cc tip im thng ng cng c dng tt my v l do tng t
nh trn.
Hardware
S1
S2
EI0.0
EI0.1
S1
S1
S2
EI0.0
EI0.1
S2
EI0.0
EI0.1
PLC
PLC
PLC
Q0.0
Q0.0
Q0.0
H1
H1
H1
Software
LAD
FBD
STL
Hnh 7.10: V d x l cc loi tip im.
7.4 V d ng dng cc lin kt logic

Phn ny trnh by mt s v d ng dng nh s dng cc lin kt logic.
mt s v d c trnh by mch iu khin thng thng vi kiu ni dy khi
khng dng PLC chng ta thy s ging nhau v khc nhau gia 2 kiu
iu khin.
7.4.1
Mch t duy tr u tin m my
Mch iu khin dng contactor c chc nng nh l mch t duy tr.
102
Chu Ch c
7 Cc php ton logic
Trong trng hp nu c hai nt nhn m my S1 v dng S2 cng tc

ng m contactor c in th l mch t duy tr u tin m my.
Bng k hiu
K hiu
a ch
Ch thch
S1
I0.0
Nt nhn m my, thng h (NO)
S2
I0.1
Nt nhn dng my, thng ng (NC)
K1
Q0.0
Contactor
a)
b)
Hnh 7.11 Mch u tin m my: a) mch iu khin, b) ni dy PLC

LAD
FBD
STL
Hnh 7.12 Chng trnh mch t duy tr u tin m my:
7.4.2
Mch t duy tr u tin dng my
Trong trng hp nu c hai nt nhn m my S1 v dng S2 cng tc

ng m contactor khng c in th l mch t duy tr u tin dng my.
Bng k hiu
K hiu
a ch
Ch thch
S1
I0.0
S2
I0.1
K1
Q0.0
Contactor
103
7 Cc php ton logic
a)
Chu Ch c
b)
LAD
Hnh 7.13
FBD
STL
Mch u tin dng my:

a) mch iu khin, b) ni dy PLC v chng trnh
7.4.3
iu khin ON/OFF ng c c ch bo
Mt ng c in 3 pha c iu khin bng mt PLC S7-200. Khi nhn

nt S2 (thng h) th ng c s chy. Khi nhn nt S1 (thng ng) th
ng c s dng li. Cc ch hot ng chy v dng c bo bng 2
n bo H1 v H2.
Cc thit b ng lc gm c:
-
Cu ch 3 pha F1
CB bo v ng c (Motor CB) Q1
Contactor K1
Khi iu khin dng PLC th mch ng lc vn gi nguyn. Phn mch

iu khin c bin i thnh chng trnh. Cn ch rng cc thit b in
nh nt nhn, CB, n bo u gi nguyn khng thay i.
Nu ta s dng PLC S7-200 loi DC/DC/DC th ng ra ca PLC cn phi
kt ni vi mt relay trung gian K11 s dng ngun 24Vdc. Relay ny c
dng ng in cho cun dy contactor K1 (hnh 7.15). Ring cc n bo
ta c th thay th bng loi 24Vdc nhm tit kim relay trung gian.
Ch : Cng c th s dng loi CPU DC/DC/RLY, th ng ra ca n c
th kt ni trc tip vi cun dy K1. (xem thm chng 5 v ni dy PLC vi
ngoi vi).
104
Chu Ch c
7 Cc php ton logic
Bng k hiu
K hiu
a ch
Ch thch
S1
I0.0
S2
I0.1
K11
Q0.0
Relay trung gian
H1
Q0.1
n bo ng c hot ng
H2
Q0.2
n bo ng c dng
a)
b)
Hnh 7.14 Mch ON/OFF ng c dng contactor.

a) Mch ng lc;
b) Mch iu khin
a)
Hnh 7.15: a) S ni dy PLC
b)
b) Ni relay trung gian vi contactor
105
7 Cc php ton logic
Chu Ch c
+ Chng trnh:
Biu din STL:
Biu din LAD v FBD:

LAD
7.4.4
FBD
iu khin o chiu quay ng c
Mt ng c in 3 pha cn c iu khin o chiu. Khi n S1

(thng h) th ng c s quay phi v n H1 sng bo ng c ang quay
phi. Khi nhn nt S2 (thng h) th ng c quay tri v n H2 sng bo
ng c ang quay tri. ng c c th dng bt c lc no nu n nt dng
S3 (thng ng) hoc ng c xy ra s c qu dng lm cho tip im ca
thit b bo v Q1 tc ng (tip im 13, 14 ca Motor CB). Khi ng c
dng n bo H3 sng.
Tng t nh mc 7.4.3, ta s dng PLC S7-200 loi DC/DC/DC, ng ra
ca PLC iu khin quay phi kt ni vi relay trung gian K11, ng ra ca
PLC iu khin quay tri kt ni vi relay trung gian K21 s dng ngun
24Vdc. Cc relay ny c dng ng in cho cun dy contactor K1 v
K2 (hnh 7.17). Ring cc n bo ta c th thay th bng loi 24Vdc nhm
tit kim relay trung gian.
106
Chu Ch c
7 Cc php ton logic

L1
CB
Q1
S1
13
K1
S2
13
K2
S3
14
14
21
K2
43
K1
44
K1
32
44
21
31
K1
K2
22
22
A1
A1
K1
31
43
K2
K1
A2
32
H1
H2
H3
A2
N
Quay phi
Hnh 7.16
S2
Bo
dng
S3
24V
Q1
I0.0
Bo quay Bo quay
phi
tri
Mch ng lc v iu khin o chiu quay ng c dng contactor

Bng k hiu
a ch
Ch thch
I0.0
I0.1
Nt nhn quay phi, thng h (NO)
I0.2
Nt nhn quay tri, thng h (NO)
I0.3
Tip im bo qu dng, thng ng (NC)
Q0.0
Relay trung gian iu khin quay phi
Q0.1
Relay trung gian iu khin quay tri
Q0.2
n bo ng c quay phi
Q0.3
n bo ng c quay tri
Q0.4
n bo ng c dng
K hiu
S1
S2
S3
Q1
K11
K21
H1
H2
H3
S1
Quay tri
I0.1
I0.2
I0.3
...
PLC
Q0.0
Q0.1
K21
K11
K11
K21
Q0.2
H1
Q0.3
H2
Q0.4
...
H3
24V
a)
Hnh 7.17
b)
a) S ni dy PLC; b) Ni relay vi contactor
107
7 Cc php ton logic
Chu Ch c
Ch : Trong cc iu khin c o chiu quay th ti cc ng ra PLC

iu khin 2 chiu quay ca ng c ta cn phi ni thm 2 tip im thng
ng kha cho nhau ca 2 contactor (hoc relay) m bo an ton.
Chng trnh PLC:
Biu din LAD v STL:
Biu din FBD:
108
Chu Ch c
7.5
7 Cc php ton logic
Bit nh M (bit memory)
Trong thit k cc chng trnh iu khin, ta c th c mt s lng ln

cc logic c lin kt vi nhau. V d nh mch sau:
Chng trnh c vit LAD v STL:
Vi cc lin kt logic nh th ny th vic tm li rt kh khn. d dng

hn trong lp trnh v tm li, th cc kt qu trung gian s c lu vo mt
nh. Trong S7-200 th cc nh ny l bit memory (M).
Trong S7-200 c 32 byte nh M (t M0.0 n M31.7). Chng c xem
nh l cc ng ra trung gian. Khi mt ngun cp th ni dung c nh trong
cc bit nh M c th b mt hoc vn cn gi li ty thuc vo vic t thuc
tnh cho vng nh ny l retentive (nh lu di) hay non-retentive (khng nh
lu di).
* Bit memory c thuc tnh Retentive: Cc bit c thuc tnh ny u gi li gi
tr ca n khi ngun cung cp b mt. Ngha l nu trc khi b mt in,
nh M c gi tr no th n vn gi nguyn gi tr khi PLC b mt in. Cc
nh c ng dng nh cc trng thi hot ng ca my mc hay thit
b trc khi b mt in. ln khi ng k tip th cc my mc hay thit b
c th tip tc lm vic ti v tr trc lc mt in. Vng retentive c thit
lp bng cch nhp chut vo biu tng system Block
hoc vo
menu View > Component > System Block. Chn mc Retentive Ranges.
Nu chn th defauls th tt c cc vng nh c thuc tnh retentive u theo
109
7 Cc php ton logic
Chu Ch c
chun ca nh sn xut. i vi vng nh M th bt u t byte MB14 n

MB31. Tuy nhin chng ta vn c th t li theo mun (hnh 7.18).
* Bit memory c thuc tnh non-retentive: Gi tr cc bit ny b xa khi PLC mt
ngun cung cp. Theo chun nh sn xut th ta c MB0 n MB13 thuc
tnh non-retentive.
Hnh 7.18: Mn hnh thit lp retentive memory.

Khi s dng bit memory (M), ta c th lm cho chng trnh d c hn.
S mch nh hnh 7.19.
I0.0
I0.1
I0.1
I0.3
M0.1
I0.4
I0.2
M0.0
I0.1
I0.2
Q0.0
I0.0
M0.2
Hnh 7.19: Mch logic c lm cho d c hn vi bit memory.

Chng trnh LAD v STL nh sau:
110
Chu Ch c
7 Cc php ton logic
STL:
7.6 Cc lnh SET, RESET v mch nh RS

7.6.1
Lnh SET
Lnh SET (S) l lnh thng dng rt thng c s dng v lnh ny

u c trong hu ht cc PLC. Lnh Set s t trng thi ca mt hoc nhiu
bit (thuc vng nh V, M, Q, T, C, SM, L) c a ch lin tc ln mc 1 v duy
tr trng thi ny cho n khi b xa bng mt lnh khc. Chng ta c th
Set mt ln ti a ti 255 bit. Lnh SET ch c thc hin khi Stack 0 c gi
tr logic 1.
C php STL: S S_Bit, n
v LAD:
Vi S_Bit l bit u tin ca vng nh cn t ln mc logic 1.

v n l s lng bit bt u t S_Bit.
V d: Khi tn hiu ti I0.0 ln mc 1 th s set 3 bit t Q0.0 n Q0.2.
Chng trnh 3 dng nh sau:
LAD
FBD
STL
Khi tn hiu ti I0.0 xung mc 0 th 3 ng ra Q0.0, Q0.1, Q0.2 vn duy tr

mc 1.
111
7 Cc php ton logic
7.6.2
Chu Ch c
Lnh RESET (R)
Lnh Reset (R) t trng thi ca mt hoc nhiu bit c a ch lin tc

xung mc 0. Tng t nh lnh Set chng ta c th Reset ti 255 bit nh
thuc cc vng nh V, M, Q, T, C, SM, L. Lnh RESET ch c thc hin khi
Stack 0 c gi tr logic 1.
C php STL: R S_Bit, n
v LAD:
Vi S_Bit l bit u tin ca vng nh cn t xung mc logic 0.
v n l s lng bit bt u t S_Bit.
V d: Khi tn hiu ti I0.1 ln mc 1 th s reset 3 bit t Q0.0 n Q0.2 v
logic 0. Chng trnh 3 dng nh sau:
FBD
LAD
7.6.3
STL
Mch nh R-S
Mch nh l mch c hai trng thi n nh v thng qua tn hiu ng vo

m trng thi ca n thay i. i vi mch iu khin dng relay v contactor
ta c mch t duy tr. Cn trong PLC c khu R-S (vit tt ca Reset v Set).
Mch nh R-S l rt cn thit trong k thut iu khin. N c xem l
mt chc nng c bn trong hu ht cc loi PLC v c chia thnh hai loi
l: u tin SET v u tin RESET.
7.6.3.1 u tin SET (khu SR)
Biu din LAD:
Vi:
xxx:
a ch cn iu khin
S1:
Ng vo Set. K hiu u tin Set.
R:
Ng vo Reset.
OUT:
Ng ra, c th ni vi mt a ch
dng bit
SR:
K hiu gi nh khu SR
v FBD:
Nu c hai iu kin cho S v R ln mc logic 1 th ng ra OUT l 1.
112
Chu Ch c
7 Cc php ton logic
Bng s tht
S1
OUT
Trng thi trc
ly khu SR, ta nhp chut vo du cng ca

lnh, chn phn t SR v ko th vo network mong mun.
trong cy
Khu SR tng ng vi mch t duy tr u tin m my trong iu

khin dng contactor.
7.6.3.2 u tin RESET (khu RS)
Biu din LAD:
Vi:
v FBD:
xxx:
a ch cn iu khin
S:
Ng vo Set.
R1:
Ng vo Reset. K hiu u tin ReSet.
OUT:
Ng ra, c th ni vi mt a ch dng bit
RS:
K hiu gi nh khu RS
Nu c hai iu kin cho S v R ln mc logic 1 th ng ra OUT l 0.

Bng s tht
S1
OUT
Trng thi trc
ly khu RS, ta nhp chut vo du cng ca

lnh, chn phn t RS v ko th vo network mong mun.
trong cy
Khu RS tng ng vi mch t duy tr u tin dng my trong iu

khin dng contactor.
113
7 Cc php ton logic
7.6.4
Chu Ch c
Cc qui tc khi s dng Set v Reset
Khi s dng vi cc lnh S v R trong chng trnh PLC cn ch cc

qui tc sau:
-
Cc iu kin lm cho i tng iu khin mc tch cc (logic 1)

c s dng vi lnh S.
Cc iu kin lm cho i tng iu khin mc khng tch cc

(logic 0) c s dng vi lnh R.
Khi vit lnh S cho mt i tng iu khin th nht thit (ty theo
yu cu cng ngh) phi c mt lnh R cho i tng iu khin .
Nu lnh S c vit trc lnh R th kt qu thu c s l kt qu

ca lnh R nu c hai iu kin cho S v R cng mc logic 1 ngha
l i tng iu khin mc logic 0.
Nu lnh R c vit trc lnh S th kt qu thu c s l kt qu

ca lnh S nu c hai iu kin cho S v R cng mc logic 1 ngha
l i tng iu khin mc logic 1.
Khi vit chng trnh vi lnh S th khng c s dng tip im

t duy tr (loi b tip im t duy tr).
Ty theo cng ngh khi s dng cc iu kin cho lnh R th trng

thi bnh thng cc iu kin ny phi c mc logic 0.
7.6.5
V d ng dng mch nh R-S
V d 7.7 : Mch u tin m my.

Yu cu ca mch u tin m my nh mc 7.4.1, tuy nhin cn phi
s dng mch nh R-S khi lp trnh.
trnh lp li ta s dng li bng k hiu v s ni dy PLC mc
7.4.1
Phn tch: Theo yu cu ca mch ta c cc nhn xt sau:
1.
iu kin cho contactor K1 c in l nt nhn S1 c n

nt nhn S1 c s dng vi lnh S.
2.
iu kin cho contactor K1 mt in l nt nhn S2 c n

nt nhn S2 c s dng vi lnh R.
3.
Khi c hai nt nhn S1 v S2 cng n th contactor c in s

dng mch nh u tin SET (khu SR).
4.
Trng thi bnh thng ca nt nhn S1 l thng h (logic 0 ti

ng vo I0.0) nn khi lp trnh s dng tip im khng o trng
thi tn hiu ( tip im
114
). Cn S2 l thng ng (logic 1
Chu Ch c
7 Cc php ton logic
ti ng vo I0.1) nn khi lp trnh s dng tip im o trng thi

tn hiu (tip im
).
Chng trnh c vit nh sau:

LAD
FBD
STL
V d 7.8 : Mch u tin dng my.

Yu cu ca mch u tin dng my nh mc 7.4.2, tuy nhin cn
phi s dng mch nh R-S khi lp trnh.
trnh lp li ta s dng li bng k hiu v s ni dy PLC mc
7.4.2
Phn tch: Theo yu cu ca mch ta c cc nhn xt sau:
1. iu kin cho contactor K1 c in l nt nhn S1 c n nt
nhn S1 c s dng vi lnh S.
2. iu kin cho contactor K1 mt in l nt nhn S2 c n
nt nhn S2 c s dng vi lnh R.
3. Khi c hai nt nhn S1 v S2 cng n th contactor mt in s
dng mch nh u tin RESET (khu RS).
4. Trng thi bnh thng ca nt nhn S1 l thng h (logic 0 ti
ng vo I0.0) nn khi lp trnh s dng tip im khng o trng thi
tn hiu ( tip im
). Cn S2 l thng ng (logic 1 ti ng
vo I0.1) nn khi lp trnh s dng tip im o trng thi tn hiu
(tip im
).

LAD
FBD
STL
115
7 Cc php ton logic
Chu Ch c
V d 7.9 : Mch o chiu quay ng c.

n gin v d hiu, v d ny ly li yu cu cng ngh ca mch
iu khin o chiu quay mc 7.4.4. Tuy nhin cn phi s dng mch
nh R-S khi lp trnh.
trnh lp li ta s dng li bng k hiu v s ni dy PLC mc 7.4.4.
Phn tch: Theo yu cu cng ngh ta c cc nhn xt sau:
1. i vi contactor K1 (c ng in gin tip bi K11).
-
iu kin Set (lm cho K1 c in): Nt nhn S2 c n. Tuy

nhin v l do an ton K2 mt in mi c php m my nn
phi kt hp thm iu kin K2 mt in.
Set K1= S2 K 2
iu kin Reset (lm cho K1 mt in): C 2 kh nng l hoc

nt nhn dng S1 c n hoc tip im bo v qu dng Q1
tc ng.
Reset K1= S1 Q1
V l do an ton, K1 b mt in nu iu kin SET v RESET cho

n cng logic 1 s dng khu SR.
2. i vi contactor K2 (c ng in gin tip bi K21)

- iu kin Set: Nt nhn S3 c n. Tuy nhin v l do an ton
K1 mt in mi c php m my nn phi kt hp thm iu
kin K1 mt in.
Set K2 = S3 K1
-
iu kin Reset: C 2 kh nng l hoc nt nhn dng S1 c

n hoc tip im bo v qu dng Q1 tc ng.
Reset K2= S1 Q1
V l do an ton, K2 b mt in nu iu kin SET v RESET cho

n cng logic 1 s dng khu SR.
3. i vi n bo H1.
- n sng khi K1 c in v tt khi K1 mt in
H1=K1
4. i vi n bo H2
n sng khi K2 c in v tt khi K2 mt in.
H2=K2
5. i vi n bo H3
n sng khi c K1 v K2 mt in.
H3 = K1 K2
Theo cc phn tch ta vit c chng trnh nh sau:
116
Chu Ch c
7 Cc php ton logic
FBD
LAD
STL
117
7 Cc php ton logic
Chu Ch c
7.7 Cc lnh nhn bit cnh tn hiu v lnh NOT

Cc lnh nhn bit cnh tn hiu v lnh NOT thc hin cc thut ton
c bit trn bit u tin ca ngn xp (Stack 0).
7.7.1
Lnh NOT
Lnh NOT o gi tr ca bit u tin trong ngn xp (Stack 0). Nu sau

mt php ton nh phn m s dng lnh NOT th kt qu s b o li. Ngha
l nu kt qu php ton nh phn lm cho Stack 0 c gi tr logic 1 th lnh
NOT s cho kt qu l 0, v ngc li.
- Kt hp lnh NOT sau cc cng logic nh OR, AND, XOR ta thu c
cc cng NOR, NAND, XNOR.
V d:
- Cng NAND vi 2 ng vo I0.0 v I0.1 v ng ra Q0.0 l:
FBD
LAD
STL
- Cng NOR vi 2 ng vo I0.0 v I0.1 v ng ra Q0.0 l:

LAD
7.7.2
FBD
STL
Cc lnh nhn bit cnh tn hiu
Hai lnh nhn bit cnh tn hiu l lnh nhn bit cnh ln (EU) v nhn
bit cnh xung (ED).
Lnh nhn bit cnh ln (EU) s t gi tr logic 1 vo bit u tin ca
Stack 0 trong mt chu k qut chng trnh khi pht hin s chuyn trng thi
t 0 ln 1 trong Stack 0. Cn cc trng hp khc n s t Stack 0 v 0.
Lnh nhn bit cnh xung (ED) s t gi tr logic 1 vo bit u tin ca
Stack 0 trong mt chu k qut chng trnh khi pht hin s chuyn trng thi t 1
xung 0 trong Stack 0. Cn cc trng hp khc n s t Stack 0 v 0.
V d: Ly cnh ln ca I0.0 xut ra Q0.0, cn cnh xung xut ra Q0.1.
118
Chu Ch c
LAD
7 Cc php ton logic
FBD
STL
Hnh 7.20: Gin thi gian ca v d ly cnh ln v xung ca tn hiu.

V d 7.10: Vit chng trnh iu khin n gin cho bng ti sn phm
(hnh 7.21). Khi sn phm A c vn chuyn n v tr cn thao tc th bng
ti dng li (c pht hin bi cm bin CB1). n nt S1 th bng ti tip tc
hot ng cho n khi no mt sn phm n ng v tr th dng li. Qu
trnh c lp li nh trn.
Hnh 7.21: v d 7.10
Phn tch:
- iu kin Set bng ti: Nt nhn S1
- iu kin Reset bng ti: Cm bin CB1.
- Sn phm n cm bin CB1 th bng ti
dng li, nh vy cm bin lun b tc ng.
Nu ta dng u tin Reset th khng th no
khi ng li bng ti. Cn nu dng u tin
Set th khi no sn phm qua khi cm bin
mi c th bung tay th nt nhn S1 Dng
lnh nhn bit cnh tn hiu khng ch. V
chc chn sn phm qua cm bin th
s dng lnh nhn bit cnh xung.
Chng trnh nh sau:
119
7 Cc php ton logic
LAD
Chu Ch c
FBD
STL
7.8 Cc Bit nh c bit (Special Memory bits)

Cc bit nh SM (Special memory bits) cung cp nhiu chc nng trng
thi v iu khin, cng nh cung cp thng tin truyn thng gia S7-200 v
chng trnh. Cc bit nh c bit c th c s dng dng bits, bytes,
words v double words. Trong phn ny ch trnh by cc bit trng thi ca
SMB0. Cn cc bit nh SM khc s c trnh by mi chng tng ng
trong quyn sch ny v quyn tip theo (tp 2).
SMB0 cha tm bit trng thi v c cp nht mi chu k qut ca
S7-200. y l cc bit nh ch c.
Bit
SM0.0
SM0.1
SM0.2
SM0.3
SM0.4
SM0.5
SM0.6
SM0.7
Chc nng
Bit lun lun c trng thi 1
Bit c trng thi 1 vng qut u tin ca chng trnh
Bit bo d liu b tht lc (0:d liu cn , 1: d liu b tht lc).
Bit bo PLC c ng ngun. (1: vng qut u tin, 0: cc
vng qut cn li).
Bit to ra xung c chu k 1 pht (0: trong 30s u, 1 trong 30s
sau).
Bit tao xung c chu k 1s (tn s 1 Hz) (0: trong 0,5s u ; 1 trong
0,5 s sau).
Bit ln 1 mt vng qut v xung 0 vng qut tip theo. N
c s dng lm ng vo ca b m vng qut.
Bit bo v tr ca cng tc chn ch lm vic ca PLC (0:
TERM, 1: RUN).
V d: Khi c tn hiu s c (ng vo I0.0 (NC) xung mc 0) th n bo s

c (Q0.0) s nhp nhy 1 Hz. Nhn nt I0.1 Reset.
120
Chu Ch c
7.9
7 Cc php ton logic
Cu hi v bi tp
Cc bi tp ng dng gi s dng CPU 224 DC/DC/DC iu khin.
BT7.1
An ton cho l hi
Mt thit b l hi c hi i vo v ra
khi l c thc hin t ng qua b
iu chnh t bn ngoi. L hi c t 3
b cm bin p sut P1, P2 v P3 cc v
tr khc nhau kim sot qu p sut.
Mch an ton s hot ng khi c s c,
trng hp p sut trong l hi tng qu
cao th van an ton t tnh Y1 s hot
ng x bt hi ra ngoi. Cn c t nht
bt k hai trong ba cm bin tc ng th
mch an ton m van t tnh Y1. Hy :
Hnh 7.22 M hnh l hi
Vit chng trnh sao cho nu c bt

k 2 trong 3 cm bin tc ng th
van Y1 m.
V s ni dy tn hiu phn cng
* Bng k hiu:
BT7.2
iu khin c cu my dp
Hnh 7.23 M hnh my dp nh
Mt c cu dp trong mt my
dp nguyn liu (v d dp ra
cc v hp) c th chuyn ng
nng ln hay h xung nh mt
ng c in M1 quay 2 chiu.
m bo an ton cho tay
ngi vn hnh th ch khi no
ngi vn hnh dng c 2 tay
nhn ng thi 2 nt nhn S1
(NO) v S2 (NO) th bn dp
mi h xung. Khi h xung
ng cng tc hnh trnh gii
hn di S3 (NC) th t chy
nng ln cho ti khi ng cng
tc hnh trnh gii hn trn S4
(NC) th dng li. Chu k lp li
121
7 Cc php ton logic
Chu Ch c
khi no ngi vn hnh li nhn 2 nt nhn S1 v S2.

* Bng k hiu:
Hy :
BT7.3
Vit chng trnh iu khin
V s ni dy phn cng
Bng ti chuyn vt liu
Mt thit b bng ti dng chuyn vt liu t thng cha vo xe

gong. Hy vit chng trnh sao cho: Khi bt cng tc khi ng S0 (NO),
th n H0 sng bo h thng sn sng lm vic. Khi nhn nt S1 (NO)
ng c M1 chy ko bng ti v nguyn liu trong thng cha c vn
chuyn theo bng ti. Khi nhn nt dng S2 (NC) th bng ti dng li. Khi
xy ra s c qu dng (tip im nhit F3 (NC) tc ng) th ng c s
dng li.
v S cng ngh:
ng c M1
Hnh 7.24 Bng ti chuyn vt liu
* Bng k hiu:
122
Chu Ch c
BT7.4
7 Cc php ton logic
iu khin cng ra vo
Mt cng cng ty cn c iu khin 2 ch tay v t ng nh

mt cng tc chn S0 c 2 v tr :
-
ch tay: Nhn nt m S1 (NO) th ng c M1 quay phi v

cng m ra, nu th tay ra th ng c dng li. Tuy nhin, nu cng
m ra ng cng tc hnh trnh gii hn m S3 (NC) th cng dng
li. Tng t, nu nhn nt ng S2 (NO) th ng c M1 quay tri v
cng ng li, nu th tay ra th ng c dng li. Nu ng cng tc
hnh trnh gii hn ng S4 (NC) th cng cng dng li.
ch t ng: Nhn nt m th ca s m cho ti khi ng cng

tc hnh trnh gii hn m S3 mi dng li. Khi nhn nt ng, cng
s ng li cho ti khi ng cng tc hnh trnh ng S4 mi dng li.
C th dng qu trnh ng hoc m bt c lc no nu nhn nt

dng S5 (NC) hoc ng c b qu ti (tip im nhit F3 (NC) tc
ng ).
Trong qu trnh ng hoc m mt n bo H1 s sng ln bo cng

ang hot ng. Hy :
-
Vit 2 chng trnh con: Sub0 cho ch tay v Sub1 cho ch

t ng.
V s ni dy phn cng
v S cng ngh:
Hnh 7.15 iu khin cng
123
7 Cc php ton logic
Chu Ch c
v Bng k hiu:
BT7.5
iu khin xe rt vt liu vo bn cha
Mt xe ko dng rt vt liu vo bn cha. Khi bt cng tc khi

ng S0 (NO) th n H0 sng bo h thng sn sng lm vic. Khi nhn nt
S1 (NO), ng c M1 c in ko xe di chuyn ln, ng thi n H1 chp
sng vi tn s 1Hz. Khi xe ln ti v tr trn cng ng phi cng tc hnh
trnh S4 (NC) th dng li. Nhn nt S2 (NO) ng c M1 o chiu v ko xe
di chuyn xe xung, ng thi n bo H2 chp vi tn s 1Hz. Khi xe n v
tr cui cng ng phi cng tc hnh trnh S3 (NC) th dng li. Khi ng c
M1 c s c qu dng (tip im nhit F3 (NC) tc ng) th ng c s dng
li) v n H0 s chp sng vi tn s 1Hz.. Qu trnh mi c khi ng
khi bt li cng tc S0. Hy:
-
Vit chng trnh iu khin
V s ni dy phn cng vi PLC

v Bng k hiu:
124
Chu Ch c
8 Thit k theo logic Bool & biu Karnaugh
8.1 Gii thiu

Qu trnh chuyn i mt mc tiu iu khin thnh mt chng trnh
theo ngn ng LAD, FBD hay STL yu cu phi thng qua mt cu trc. i
s BOOL l mt trong cc cng c cn thit phn tch v thit k nhng h
thng ny.
8.2 i s BOOL
i s BOOL c pht trin vo nm 1800 bi mt nh ton hc ngi
Ai-len tn l James Bool. N cc k hu ch trong thit k cc mch s. N
vn c s dng nhiu bi cc k s in v tin hc. Phng php thc
hin l m hnh h thng logic bng cc cng thc ring l. Cng thc c th
l s kt hp ca cc AND/OR n gin thnh cc dng mi. Vi cng
phng php ny, ngi thit k mch c th ng dng cho lp trnh LAD.
OR
AND
X =
A
0
0
1
1
AB
B
0
1
0
1
X
0
0
0
1
X =
A+B
A
0
0
1
1
B
0
1
0
1
NOR
B
0
1
0
1
NAND
X =A
X = AB
A
0
1
X =
X
1
0
0
0
A
0
0
1
1
AB
B
0
1
0
1
X
1
0
A
0
0
1
1
B
0
1
0
1
X
0
0
0
1
XNOR
XOR
X = A+B
A
0
0
1
1
X
0
1
1
1
NOT
X
0
1
1
0
X = AB
A
0
0
1
1
B
0
1
0
1
X
1
0
0
1
Hnh 8.1: Cc php ton i s bool vi bng s tht v cng logic
125
Chu Ch c
Cng thc Boolean bao gm nhiu bin v cc hot ng ging nh cc

cng thc i s thng thng. Ba php ton c bn l AND, OR v NOT,
hoc t hp ca cc php ton c bn l NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR. Cc
php ton vi bng s tht c cho hnh 4.1. Mi php ton c trnh
by bi mt cng thc n gin vi hai bin c s dng l A v B tnh
gi tr X. Bng s tht l mt phng php n gin m t tt c cc t
hp c th c l cho ng ra trng thi ON hoc OFF (1 hoc 0).
Ch : Cng XOR thng c chuyn thnh cc cng tng ng nh
sau:
X = A B = A B + A B
Cc nh l ca i s Bool
Tin :
nh l:
2.
A+A =0
A 1 = A
3.
AA = 0
4.
A+A =1
5.
1= 0
A+A =A
AA = A
1.
1.
2.
3.
6.
A 0 = 0
A + A B = A
A ( A + B) = A
7.
A=A
8.
(A + B) = A B
9.
(A B) = A + B
10.
( A + B) + C = A + (B + C)
11.
( A B) C = A (B C)
12.
A + A B = A + B
13.
A ( A + B) = A B
14.
16.
A +B = B+ A
A B = B A
A + (B C) = ( A + B) ( A + C)
17.
A (B + C) = ( A B) + ( A C)
4.
5.
15.
126
A+1=1
nh l DeMorgans
Chu Ch c
18.
( A + B ) ( A + C) = A C + A B
19.
( A C + B C) = A C + B C
20.
( A + C) (B + C) = ( A + C) (B + C)
V d: Cho biu thc
A = B.(C.( D + E + C ) + F .C )
Biu thc i s A c n gin theo cc bc nh sau:
A = B (C ( D + E + C ) + F C )
A = B (D C + E C + C C + F C)
(1)
A = B (D C + E C + C + F C)
(2)
A = B C (D + E + 1 + F )
(3)
A = B C (1)
(4)
A = B C
(5)
Ch : Khi n gin cc biu thc i s Bool, php tan OR c u tin

thp nn chng c thc hin trc. Php ton NOT c u tin cao nht,
nn chng c n gin sau. Cch thc thc hin c th minh ha cho vic
n gin mt biu thc i s nh sau:
X = ( A + B C) + A (B + C)
X = ( A) + ( B C ) + A ( B + C )
Cc php ton c u tin cao

c t trong ngoc
X = ( A) ( B C ) + A ( B + C )
ng dng nh l DeMorgans
X = A (B + C) + A (B + C)
ng dng tip nh l DeMorgans
X = A B + AC + A B + AC
B ngoc
X = A B + ( A C + A C) + A B
Chn cc s hng c cng tha

s, y ch c NOT C
X = A B + C ( A + A) + A B
X = A B + C + A B
t tha s chung
ng dng nh l n gin
8.3 Thit k Logic

Cc tng thit k c th c chuyn i trc tip t cc biu thc
i s Bool, hoc bng cc phng php khc ( cc chng sau). Cc biu
thc i s Bool c th c n gin hoc sp xp li v sau chuyn
sang s LAD hoc FBD hay ngn ng STL.
Nu chng ta m t mt qui trnh iu khin bng li, th chng ta
thng c th chuyn trc tip n thnh biu thc i s Bool nh hnh 8.2
127
Chu Ch c
v hnh 8.3. Trong v d, vic m t qu trnh c a ra trc. Trong cc

ng dng thc t, iu ny c c nh vo cc b phn c ca h thng.
Trong nhiu trng hp h thng cha c, vic thc hin s l mt bi tan
cho ngi thit k. Bc k tip l xc nh b iu khin nn lm vic nh
th no. Trong trng hp ny, cc cu lnh c vit ra trc tin, v sau
chuyn i thnh biu thc i s Bool. Biu thc i s Bool c th c
chuyn i theo dng mong mun. Cng thc u tin cha mt XOR, n
khng th biu din dc dng LAD, nh vy nn chuyn n thnh dng
cc cng tng ng s dng AND, OR v NOT.
V d 8.1: iu khin nhit l nhit
M t qu trnh:
Mt l nhit c hai ca c th cp nhit cho thi kim loi c mi ca.
B pht nhit cung cp nhit cho hai thi kim loi c. Nhng nu ch c
mt thi kim lai c th nhit cung cp tr nn qu nng, gim nhit
th mt qut gii nhit cho l s c bt.
M t iu khin:
Nu nhit qu cao v ch c mt thi kim loi c mt ca th bt qut.
Gii
Bng xc nh input/output:
K hiu
a ch
Ch thch
B1
I0.0
Cm bin bo c thi kim loi c ca 1
B2
I0.1
Cm bin bo c thi kim loi c ca 2
I0.2
Cm bin bo qu nhit
Q0.0
Qut gii nhit
Biu thc i s Bool:
F = T (B1 B 2 )
(1)
F = T (B1 B 2 + B1 B 2 )
(2)
F = B1 B 2 T + B1 B 2 T
(3)
Chng trnh biu din ngn ng LAD, FBD v STL (i vi biu thc 2):
LAD
128
STL
LD
B1
AN
B2
LDN
B1
B2
Chu Ch c
FBD
OLD
A
Hnh 8.2: Biu thc i s Bool c thit k theo ngn ng ca PLC S7-200
Chng trnh biu din ngn ng LAD, FBD v STL (i vi biu thc 3):
STL
LAD
LD
B1
AN
B2
LDN B1
FBD
B2
OLD
=
Hnh 8.3: Biu thc i s Bool c thit k theo ngn ng ca PLC S7-200
V d 8.2: Hy chuyn s logic sau y (hnh 8.4) thnh chng trnh
trong PLC ngn ng LAD, FBD v STL:
Gii:
Nu c gi nguyn s logic th vic chuyn i chng trnh LAD
s gp nhiu kh khn v trong PLC khng th biu din c cng NAND v
NOR. V vy n gin hn, ta s dng phng php bin i s thnh
biu thc i s Bool v sau n gin biu thc ny.
Hnh 8.4: S logic
129
Chu Ch c
S trn c biu din dng biu thc i s Bool v sau c

n gin.
X = A B C + B B ( A + C )
X = ( A + B + C + B) B ( A C )
X = A B AC + B B AC + C B AC + B B AC
X = B AC + B AC + 0 + B AC
X = B AC
T biu thc n gin ta c s logic sau v biu din LAD,
FBD, STL (hnh 8.5).
LAD
FBD
STL
LD
AN
Hnh 8.5: S logic v chng trnh trong PLC

Tm li, ta s thu c cc biu thc i s Bool t vic m t yu cu
cng ngh hoc mt s mch hoc mt s LAD. Cc biu thc c th
c n gin bng cch s dng cc nh l ca i s Bool. V sau t
biu thc ny ta c th chuyn thnh ngn ng LAD, FBD hay STL trong
PLC. Khi n gin cc biu thc i s Bool ta cn ch mt s quy tc c
bn sau:
Loi b cc cng NOT khng cn thit. Thng thng c th thc hin

bng cch thay th cc cng NAND v NOR bng mt biu thc n gin
hn s dng nh l DeMorgan.
Lai b cc cng thc phc tp nh XOR.

Cc qui tc ny c th c m t nh v d sau:
130
Chu Ch c
V d 8.3: Cho biu thc iu khin:
A = B (C (D + E + C) + F C
Biu thc trn c th c biu din dng s mch logic nh sau:
Biu din LAD:
Hnh 8.6: Minh ha cc qui tc n gin khi chuyn i biu thc i s Bool
sang LAD
8.3.1
Cc k thut i s Bool
C mt vi k thut chung c s dng khi n gin cng thc. Cc k

thut ny c biu din hnh 8.7.
A+CA= A+C
Chng minh:
A+CA
( A + C )( A + A)
( A + C )(1)
A+C
131
AB + A = A
Chng minh:
Chu Ch c
AB + A
AB + A1
A( B + 1)
A(1)
A
A + B + C = A BC
Chng minh:
A+ B+C
( A + B) + C
( A + B )C
( A B )C
A BC
Hnh 8.7: Cc k thut i s Bool
8.4 Cc dng logic chung

Khi bit mt tp cc dng logic n gin s cung cp cho ngi thit k
gii quyt cc chin lc iu khin. Cc dng sau c cung cp s
dng trc tip hoc tng khi thit k.
8.4.1 Dng cng phc

Tng cng c 16 loi cng logic khc nhau c 2 ng vo. Dng n gin
nht l AND v OR, cc cng khc l cc cng phc. Ba cng phc thng
dng c tho lun trc y l NAND, NOR v XOR. Cc cng ny c th
c biu din thnh dng n gin hn ch vi cc cng AND v OR tng
ng s LAD trong PLC biu din hnh 8.8.
NAND
NOR
X = A B
X = A+ B
X = A B
X = A+ B
X = A B
X = A B + A B
Hnh 8.8: Chuyn i cc chc nng logic phc
8.4.2 Multiplexers
132
XOR
Chu Ch c
Multiplexers l s a hp cc thit b c kt ni vi mt thit b n.

N rt thng dng trong cc h thng in thoi. Mt chuyn mch in thoi
c s dng xc nh in thoi no s c kt ni.
Hnh 8.9 l mt b multiplexer. Ng ra X s c kt ni vi mt trong 4
ng vo D1, D2, D3 hoc D4 ty thuc vo gi tr ca cc ng A1 v A2.
D1
D2
multiplexer
X
D3
A1
0
0
1
1
A2
0
1
0
1
X
D1
D2
D3
D4
D4
A1
Hnh 8.9:
A2
Mt Multiplexer
Dng multiplexer c biu din LAD c th trnh din hnh 8.10.
Hnh 8.10:
Mt Multiplexer biu din Ladder Logic
8.5 Mt s v d thit k n gin vi i s bool

Cc trng hp sau y minh ha cc vn logic t hp khc nhau v
cc gii php c th thc hin. Hy c k m t trc khi xem li gii.
8.5.1 Cc chc nng logic c bn

Yu cu 1: Vit mt chng trnh sao cho ng ra D mc logic 1 khi cng
tc A v B ng li hoc khi cng tc C c ng.
Gii quyt:
D = ( A B) + C
133
Hnh 8.11:
Chu Ch c
Chng trnh c vit LAD
Yu cu 2: Vit mt chng trnh sao cho ng ra D mc logic 1 khi

nt n A c n, hoc ch B hoc ch C c n.
D = A + (B C)
Gii quyt:
Hnh 8.12: Chng trnh c vit LAD
8.5.2 H thng an ton xe hi

Yu cu: Vit chng trnh LAD cho mt h thng an ton ca xe
hi/dy an ton ch ngi. Khi ca m, hoc dy an ton cha c tht th
vic kho khi ng khng th thc hin c. Nu tt c c thc hin th
kha c th khi ng c ng c.
Gii quyt:
Hnh 8.13:
Chng trnh h thng an ton xe vit LAD
8.5.3 Quay phi/tri ng c

Yu cu: thit k mt b iu khin ng c c mt nt nhn quay phi
v mt nt nhn quay tri. Cc ng ra quay phi v tri s ch 1 khi mt
trong cc nt nhn c n. Khi c hai nt nhn c n th ng c khng
lm vic.
Gii quyt:
F = BF BR
R = BF BR
134
y:
F = ng c quay phi
R = ng c quay tri
BF = Nt nhn quay phi
BR = Nt nhn quay tri
Chu Ch c
Hnh 8.14: Chng trnh quay phi, tri vit LAD

8.5.4 Cnh bo trm
Cnh bo trm cho mt ngi nh nh sau: khi c s xm nhp ca k
trm th cnh bo v n bo c kch hot. Cnh bo ny c kch hot
nu k xm nhp b pht hin bng cm bin gn ca s v mt b pht
hin chuyn ng. Cm bin ca s l loi thng ng, khi ca s v do
k trm xm nhp th cm bin b ngt. Cm bin nhn bit chuyn ng
c thit k khi mt ngi c pht hin th ng ra s mc 1. Ngoi
ra cn c mt cng tc kch hot/khng kch hot cnh bo. Hot ng c
bn ca h thng cnh bo, cc ng vo v ra ca b iu khin c cho
bng sau:
K hiu
a ch
Ch thch
Q0.0
n v cnh bo, ON=1
I0.0
Cm bin ca s/ca chnh, thng ng
I0.1
Cm bin chuyn ng, thng h
I0.2
Cng tc kch hot cnh bo, ON=1
Hot ng c bn ca cnh bo c th c m t theo qui tc:

1. Nu cnh bo l ON, kim tra cm bin.
2. Nu cm bin ca s/ca chnh b ngt, bt m thanh cnh bo v
n bo sng.
Bc k tip l xc nh cng thc iu khin. Trong trng hp ny c
3 ng vo khc nhau v 1 ng ra, bng s tht c trnh by hnh 8.15.
Input
Output
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
Cnh bo tt
Khng c k trm, tt cnh bo

C k trm, Bt cnh bo
Hnh 8.15: Bng s tht cnh bo trm
135
Chu Ch c
Biu thc Boolean v n gin c cho hnh 8.17 c vit t bng

s tht hnh 8.16.
A = ( S M W ) + ( S M W ) + ( S M W )
A = S ( M W + M W + M W )
A = S (( M W + M W ) + ( M W + M W ))
A = ( S W ) + ( S M ) = S (W + M )
Hnh 8.16: Biu thc Bool v c thc hin vi LAD

Cng thc v mch cho hnh trn cng c th c n gin nh hnh 8.17.
Hnh 8.17: S mch theo biu thc Bool n gin v c thc hin vi LAD
8.6 Biu Karnaugh

8.6.1 Gii thiu
Bng Karnaugh cho php chng ta chuyn i mt bng s tht thnh
biu thc Boolean n gin m khng s dng i s Bool. Trong mc 8.5.4
ca chng ny c mt v d v cnh bo trm. Hnh 8.18 l bng s tht
ca n vi mt ng vo bo yn tnh c thm vo.
cho:
K hiu
A, W, M, S nh trc y, tc l:
a ch
Ch thch
Q0.0
n v cnh bo, ON=1
I0.0
Cm bin ca s/ca chnh, thng ng
136
Chu Ch c
I0.1
Cm bin chuyn ng, thng h
I0.2
Cng tc kch hot cnh bo, ON=1
V:
Q = Bo yn tnh (0 = yn tnh)
Bc 1: V bng s tht
Bng s tht ca mch cnh bo trm nhhnh 8.18. Thay v chuyn i
trc tip bng ny thnh biu thc, th ta t vo mt bng c ch hnh
8.19. Dng v ct c chn t cc bin ng vo.
Vic quyt nh cc bin no s dng cho cc dng hoc cc ct c th
ty v cc bng s trng khc nhau nhng vn s cho mt kt qu ging
nhau. i vi cc bin c hai dng v ct th c sp xp theo th t ch
gi tr ca bit s dng NOT. Trnh t khng phi l nh phn, nhng c t
chc ch c mt bit thay i ti mt thi im. Nh vy trnh t ca bit l
00, 01, 11, 10. Bc ny rt quan trng. K tip l a cc gi tr l 1 trong
bng s tht vo bng Karnaugh. Gi tr 0 cng c th c a vo nhng
khng cn thit.
S
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
M
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
W
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
Q
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
A
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
Hnh 8.18: Bng s tht mch cnh bo trm

Trong v d, ba gi tr 1 t bng s tht c a vo trong bng.
Bc 2: Chia cc bin vo.
y chn SQ v MW
Bc 3: V bng Karnaugh da vo cc bin vo
137
MW ( = 00)
MW ( = 01)
Chu Ch c
MW ( = 11)
MW ( = 10)
SQ( = 00 )
SQ( = 01)
SQ( = 11)
SQ( = 10)
Hnh 8.19: Bng Karnaugh
Khi cc bit c nhp vo bng Karnaugh s c mt vi mu r rng.
Cc mu tiu biu ny c phn no i xng. Hnh 8.20 c hai mu c
khoanh trn. Trong trng hp ny, mt mu c hai bit ng k nhau. Mu
th hai th kh nhn thy hn v cc bit nm ba bn phi v tri ca ct.
Sau cc mu c th c chuyn thnh biu thc Boolean. thc
hin trc tin ta quan st cc mu t dng th ba cho nn biu thc s
c AND vi SQ. K tip l tm bit chung trong hai mu. Ta thy trong mu
mt c M chung, mu 2 c W chung. Nhng ci ny by gi c th t hp
thnh cng thc. Cui cng cng thc c chuyn thnh s LAD.
Bc 4: Tm kim mu trong bng
M l mu chung
Tt c trong dng SQ
W l mu chung
Hnh 8.20: Khoanh mu
Bc 5: Vit thnh cng thc s dng cc mu
A = S Q (M + W )
Bc 6: Chuyn i cng thc thnh s LAD
Hnh 8.21: Chuyn i biu thc thnh s LAD
138
Chu Ch c
Bng Karnaugh l mt phng php c th c chn n gin biu

thc thay cho i s Bool. N gip cho ngi hc d dng hn trong vic n
gin cc biu thc. v d trn ch c 4 bin, nh vy ch c hai bin dng
v hai bin ct. Nu c nhiu bin hn vn c th s dng. V d nu c
nm bin ng vo th ta c th s dng ba bin cho dng hoc cho ct vi
cc mu l 000, 001, 011, 010, 110, 111, 101, 100. Nu c nhiu hn mt
ng ra, th ta to bng Karnaugh cho mi ng ra.
8.7 Cu hi v bi tp
BT 8.1: Cng logic c biu din ngn ng LAD cho di y l cng
AND hay OR?
BT 8.2: V mt s hnh thang vi ng ra D l 1 khi cng tc A v cng

tc B c ng hoc khi cng tc C c ng.
BT 8.3: V mt s hnh thang vi ng ra D l 1 khi nt nhn A c n
hoc B hoc C c n.
BT 8.4:
a)
Gii thch ti sao nt nhn stop phi l thng ng v nt nhn start
phi l thng h.
b)
Xem xt mt trng hp mt ng vo PLC c ni vi nt nhn
thng ng lm nt nhn stop. Tip im c s dng trong ngn ng
LAD l thng h nh c cho di. Ti sao c hai l khng ging nhau?
(v d cng l NC hoc NO)
BT 8.5:. To mt chng trnh n gin ngn ng LAD theo bng s tht

c cho di vi ng ra trng thi ON khi cc nt nhn tng ng
c n.
139
Chu Ch c
OUTPUT
INPUT
A
Ng vo X ON
Ng vo Y ON
Ng vo Z ON
BT 8.6: Chuyn i biu thc i s Bool sau thnh chng trnh ngn
ng LAD n gin nht c th c.
X = A ( A + A B)
BT 8.7: n gin cc biu thc sau:
a)
A(B + AB)
b)
A(B + AB)
c)
A(B + AB)
d)
A(B + AB)
BT 8.8: n gin cc biu thc sau:

a)
( A + B) ( A + B)
b)
ABCD + ABCD + ABCD + ABCD
BT 8.9: n gin biu thc Boolean sau:
(( A B) + (B + A )) C + (B C + B C)
BT 8.10:
Cho biu thc Boolean
X = A B C + (C + B )
a) V s mch s
b) s hnh thang (khng ti gin),
c) n gin biu thc.
BT 8.11:
n gin biu thc i s Boolean sau v vit chng trnh
ngn ng LAD tng ng.
Y = ( ABCD + ABCD + ABCD + ABCD) + D

BT 8.12:
140
Cho biu thc i s sau:
Chu Ch c
X = A + B( A + CB + DAC) + ABCD
a) Vit thnh s logic khi cha n gin biu thc.
b) n gin biu thc.
c) Vit thnh chng trnh ngn ng LAD theo biu thc n gin.
BT 8.13: Cho bng s tht sau
a)Ch ra t hp no cho kt qu l 1.
b) Vit kt qu a) thnh biu thc i s Bool.
c) n gin biu thc Bool b)
A
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
B
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
C
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
D
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Kt qu
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
BT 8.14: n gin biu thc sau thnh n gin nht v vit thnh chng
trnh ngn ng LAD.
Y = C A + A + BC A + BC
BT 8.15: n gin biu thc sau s dng i s Bool v vit thnh chng
trnh ngn ng LAD tng ng.
X = ( A + B A ) + (C + D + EC)
BT 8.16: Chuyn i chng trnh biu din LAD sau thnh biu thc i
s. Sau n gin n v chuyn li ngn ng LAD.
141
Chu Ch c
BT 8.17: Cho s mch logic nh hnh v

a) Vit thnh biu thc mch logic cho.
b) n gin biu thc ny.
c) V li s mch n gin hn theo cu b).
BT 8.18: Cho mt h thng c m t theo biu thc sau:
X = A + (B ( A + C) + C) + A B (D + E)
a)
n gin biu thc s dng i s Bool.
b)
Thc hin s mch s theo biu thc ban u v biu thc c
n gin cu a).
c)
Vit thnh chng trnh ngn ng LAD theo biu thc ban u v
biu thc c n gin cu a)
BT 8.19: n gin biu thc cho v sau vit thnh chng trnh
ngn ng LAD v s mch s theo biu thc ban u v biu thc n
gin.
A + (B + C + D) (B + C) + A B (C + D)
BT 8.20: Lp bng Karnaugh theo bng s tht di y.
142
Chu Ch c
A
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
B
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
C
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
D
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Kt qu
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
BT 8.21: S dng bng Karnaugh n gin bng s tht sau v vit

thnh chng trnh ngn ng LAD.
A
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
B
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
C
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
D
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
X
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
143
Chu Ch c
BT 8.22: Vit ra biu thc n gin nht i vi bng Karnaugh c cho

di y
CD
CD
CD
CD
AB
AB
AB
AB
BT 8.23: Cho bng s tht hnh BT 8.23 v vit thnh chng trnh PLC
ngn ng LAD vi s tr gip bng k thut n gin biu thc l bng
Karnaugh hay i s Bool.
BT 8.24: Kim tra bng s tht hnh BT 8.24 v vit thnh chng trnh
PLC ngn ng LAD s dng bng Karnaugh.
BT 8.26: Cho bng s tht hnh BT 8.25 vi cc ng vo A, B, C v D v
ng ra X. Chuyn n thnh chng trnh PLC LAD s dng bng Karnaugh.
BT 8.25: Tm biu thc Boolean n gin nht i vi bng Karnaugh c
cho hnh BT 8.26 m khng s dng i s Bool. Vit chng trnh LAD.
A
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
B
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
Hnh BT 8.23
144
C
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
D
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
X
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
Y
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
A
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
B
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
C
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
Hnh BT 8.24
D
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
X
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Chu Ch c
A
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
B
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
Hnh BT 8.25
C
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
D
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
X
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
A
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
B
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
C
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
D
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Z
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
Hnh BT 8.27
Hnh BT 8.26
BT 8.27: Cho bng s tht nh hnh BT 8.27
a)
Tm biu thc i s Bool s dng bng Karnaugh.
b)
V s LAD s dng bng s tht (khng phi biu thc Boolean).
BT 8.28: Chuyn i s LAD sau thnh bng Karnaugh.
145
Chu Ch c
BT 8.29:
a) Xy dng bng s tht cho cc vn sau y:
i) C 3 nt nhn A, B, C.
ii) Ng ra l 1 nu bt k hai nt nhn no c n.
iii) Nu C c n th ng ra s lun lun 1.
b)
Vit thnh biu thc Bool.
c)
Vit thnh biu thc Boolean s dng bng Karnaugh.
BT 8.30:
di y
Vit ra biu thc Boolean n gin nht i vi bng Karnaugh
a) Bng th.
b) Bng i s Boolean.
AB
CD
AB
AB
1
1
CD
AB
CD
CD
BT 8.31: Xem xt biu thc boolean sau:
X = ( A + B A )A + (CD + CD + CD)
a)
Biu thc Boolean ny c th c chuyn trc tip thnh LAD. Gii

thch nu cn thit, thc hin bt k cc thay i c yu cu c
th chuyn thnh LAD.
b)
Vit ra LAD, da vo kt qu bc a).
c)
n gin biu thc s dng i s Bool v vit ra LAD mi.
d)
Vit bng Karnaugh i vi biu thc Boolean, v cho bit n c th

c s dng thu c biu thc Bool n gin nh th no.
146
Chu Ch c
9 B nh thi (Timer)
B nh thi (Timer)
9.1 Gii thiu

B nh thi c s dng trong cc yu cu iu khin cn tr hon v
thi gian. y l phn t chc nng c bn ca cc b PLC v rt thng
c s dng trong cc chng trnh iu khin. Chng hn nh mt bng
ti khi c tn hiu hot ng s chy trong 10s ri dng li, mt van kh nn
cn c in trong 5s, nguyn liu cn trn trong thi gian 10 phtCc PLC
S7-200 c 256 Timer c a ch t T0 n T255, chia lm 3 loi (xem thm
chng 4 B iu khin lp trnh PLC S7-200) :
+ Timer ng mch chm TON (On-delay Timer).
+ Timer ng mch chm c nh TONR (Retentive On-delay Timer).
+ Timer ngt mch chm TOF (Off-delay Timer).
Khi s dng mt timer chng ta cn phi xc nh cc thng s sau:
- Loi timer (TON, TONR hay TOF)
- phn gii ca Timer. C 3 phn gii l: 1ms, 10ms v 100ms
- S ca timer s s dng, v d T0, T37..cn tra bng bit loi timer
s dng tng ng vi cc s no.
- Khai bo hng s thi gian tng ng vi thi gian cn tr hon da
vo phn gii ca timer.
- Tn hiu cho php bt u tnh thi gian.
K hiu chung ca Timer S7-200 biu din LAD nh sau:
Vi:
Txxx:
K hiu v s th t ca timer, v d: T37
IN:
Ng vo bit, cho php timer hot ng
PT:
Ng vo s Integer, hng s thi gian.
T_typ: Cho bit loi Timer. C th l TON, TONR hay TOF

???ms: Bo phn gii ca timer, t ng xut hin
theo Txxx.
Thi gian tr hon = [PT] x [???ms].
V d ta c
147
9 B nh thi (Timer)
Chu Ch c
y l loi On-delay timer, c tn gi l T37, c phn

gii l 100ms. Thi gian tr hon l : 10 x 100ms = 1s.
9.2 Timer ng mch chm TON

Cc Timer ny c s dng khi c cc yu cu tr hon mt khong thi
gian. Gi tr hin hnh ca TON b xa khi ng vo IN logic 0.
On-Delay Timer (TON) thc hin m thi gian khi ng vo IN mc
logic 1. Khi gi tr hin hnh (Txxx) ln hn hoc bng thi gian t trc PT
(preset time), th Timer Bit logic 1. Gi tr hin hnh ca TON b xa khi
ng vo IN logic 0. Timer tip tc m d t n gi tr t PT, v
dng li khi m n gi tr max. 32767.
xa timer, c th s dng lnh Reset (R). Lnh Reset s lm cho
Timer Bit mc logic 0 v gi tr hin hnh ca timer (Timer Current) =0.
C 192 timer TON/TOF trong S7-200 c phn chia theo phn gii
nh bng sau:
S Timer
phn gii
Thi gian tr hon ti a
1ms
32,767s
T33 T36, T97 T100
10ms
327,67s
T37 T63, T101 T255
100ms
3276,7s
T32, T96
Ch : V TON v TOF s dng cng s timer, nn khng th t cho c hai

c cng s Timer. V d t TON l T37 th khng c t TOF l T37.
V d: Bt cng tc I0.0 (NO) th sau 5s ng ra Q0.0 ln mc 1.
Dng Timer T40,

phn gii 100ms,
hng s thi gian 50.
Thi gian tr hon =
50x100ms=5s
Tip im T40 ng
li sau 5s.
148
Chu Ch c
9 B nh thi (Timer)
Gin thi gian:
Qua gin trn ta nhn thy timer TON tr hon c ht thi gian
t trc (v d 5s) th trng thi tn hiu ti ng vo IN cn c duy tr
mc 1 trong sut khong thi gian ny. Nu sau 5s m ng vo IN vn duy tr
mc 1 th gi tr hng s thi gian trong timer s tip tc tng cho ti khi t
gi tr ti a l 32767.
ly TON, ta nhp chut vo du (+) biu tng
trong
gi chut tri, ko v th vo v tr
cy lnh. Sau tr chut vo
mong mun. Nhp s Timer cho TON, iu kin cho ng vo IN v gi tr PT
theo mong mun.
9.3 Timer ng mch chm c nh TONR

Cc Timer ny c s dng khi cn tch ly mt s khong thi gian ri
rc. Gi tr hin hnh TONR ch c th b xa bng lnh Reset (R).
Timer ng mch chm c nh TONR (Retentive On-Delay Timer) thc
hin m thi gian khi ng vo IN mc logic 1. Khi gi tr hin hnh (Txxx)
ln hn hoc bng thi gian t trc PT (preset time), th Timer Bit logic
1. Gi tr hin hnh ca TONR c gi li khi ng vo IN logic 0. TONR
c s dng tch ly thi gian cho nhiu chu k ng vo IN mc 1.
Timer ny vn tip tc m sau khi t n gi tr t trc v dng li
gi tr max. 32767.
xa gi tr hin hnh ca TONR v Timer Bit, ta s dng lnh Reset (R).
C 64 timer TONR trong S7-200 c phn chia theo phn gii nh
bng sau:
S Timer
phn gii
T0, T64
1 ms
32,767 s
T1 T4, T65 T68
10 ms
327,67 s
T5 T31, T69 T95
100 ms
3276,7 s
V d: Xt on chng trnh
149
9 B nh thi (Timer)
Chu Ch c
Tn hiu I0.0 kch hot timer

TONR T1 c phn gii 10ms
(thi gian = 100 x 10ms = 1s)
Sau 1 s ng ra Q0.0 ln mc 1
Tn hiu I0.1 Reset timer T1
Gin thi gian:

I0.0
60
40
100
60
T1
Q0.0
I0.1(Reset)
ly TONR, ta nhp chut vo du (+) biu tng

trong
mong mun. Nhp s Timer cho TONR, iu kin cho ng vo IN v gi tr
PT theo mong mun.
9.4 Timer m mch chm TOF

S dng timer ny khi cn tr hon thm mt khong thi gian ri mi tt
ng ra k t khi tn hiu ng vo IN xung 0. Timer TOF ch thc hin m
thi gian khi IN chuyn t 1 xung 0.
Khi ng vo IN ca Off-Delay Timer (TOF) logic 1, th Timer Bit ngay
lp tc c t ln mc logic 1 v gi tr hin hnh c xa v 0. Khi ng
150
Chu Ch c
9 B nh thi (Timer)
vo IN xung 0, th timer m cho n khi thi gian tri qua t n gi tr

thi gian t trc. Khi t n gi tr t trc, Timer Bit c t v 0 v
gi tr hin hnh dng m. Nu ng vo IN 0 trong khong thi gian ngn
hn gi tr t trc, th Timer Bit gi 1.
xa timer, c th s dng lnh Reset (R). Lnh Reset s lm cho
Timer Bit mc logic 0 v gi tr hin hnh ca timer (Timer Current) =0.
C 192 timer TON/TOF trong S7-200 c phn chia theo phn gii
nh bng sau:
S Timer
phn gii
1ms
32,767s
T33 T36, T97 T100
10ms
327,67s
T37 T63, T101 T255
100ms
3276,7s
T32, T96
Ch : V TON v TOF s dng cng s timer, nn khng th t cho c hai

c cng s Timer. V d t TON l T37 th khng c t TOF l T37.
V d: Xt on chng trnh
I0.0 chuyn trng thi t mc 1
xung mc 0 s kch hot timer off
delay tnh gi.
Thi gian = 10 x 100ms = 1s
Sau 1s k t khi tn hiu ti I0.0

chuyn t 1 xung 0 ng ra Q0.0 s
xung mc 0
Gin thi gian:
ly TOF, ta nhp chut vo du (+) biu tng

trong
mong mun. Nhp s Timer cho TOF, iu kin cho ng vo IN v gi tr PT
theo mong mun.
151
9 B nh thi (Timer)
Chu Ch c
9.5 ng dng Timer

9.5.1
To xung c tn s theo mong mun
Vit chng trnh to xung theo mong mun s dng vo cc mc

ch khc nhau theo gin xung sau:
thc hin, s dng 2 timer TON kha cho nhau. Ty thuc vo xung
cn ly c thi gian ton v toff l bao nhiu m ta c th chn s timer TON ph
hp. Trong ng dng ny, chn T254 v T255 lm timer to xung v thi gian
th ty theo ngi s dng mong mun cho vo gi tr ton v toff ng PT ca
timer (ch thi gian = [PT]x100ms). Xung c lu bit M10.7.
Chng trnh:
LAD
9.5.2
FBD
STL
To Timer xung v timer xung c nh
9.5.2.1 Timer xung (Pulse timer)

Timer xung s cho ng ra l mt xung khi tn hiu vo mc logic 1 c
thi gian ln hn hay bng thi gian t timer xung. d hnh dung xem
gin thi gian ca chng trnh to timer xung vi ng ra timer l Q0.0,
ng vo tn hiu l I0.0, thi gian xung l 5s nh sau:
152
Chu Ch c
9 B nh thi (Timer)
LAD
STL
9.5.2.2 Timer xung c nh (Extended Pulse timer)

Timer xung s cho ng ra l mt xung khi c mt xung tn hiu vo. d
hnh dung xem gin thi gian ca chng trnh to timer xung vi ng ra
timer l Q0.1, ng vo tn hiu l I0.1, thi gian xung l 5s nh sau:
Chng trnh:
LAD
STL
153
9 B nh thi (Timer)
9.5.3
Chu Ch c
o chiu quay ng c c khng ch thi gian
M t hot ng
Mt ng c in 3 pha c th o chiu quay. Khi n nt nhn quay
phi S1 (NO) th ng c quay phi, n H1 sng bo ng c quay phi.
Khi n nt nhn quay tri S2 (NO) th ng c quay tri, n H2 sng bo
ng c quay tri. ng c c th dng bt c lc no nu n nt nhn dng
S3 (NC) hoc xy ra s c qu dng lm cho tip im (NC) ca thit b bo
v Q1 (motor CB) tc ng. Khi dng th n bo H0 sng.
Vic o chiu quay khng th thc hin c sau khi nt dng S3
c n v cha ht 5s ch cho ng c dng hn. n bo ch i H3 s
chp tt vi tn s 1Hz trong thi gian ch ng c dng hn.
S mch ng lc v ni dy vi PLC:
chng 7, ta s dng PLC S7-200 loi DC/DC/DC. chng ny
gip bn c lm quen vi nhiu loi ng ra, S7-200 c s dng l loi
AC/DC/RLY (Xem thm chng 5).
Do ng ra ca PLC l loi relay nn ta c th ni trc tip ng ra vi cun
dy ca contactor iu khin ng c, tuy nhin cn ch n mch an ton
cho cc ng ra.
Hnh 9.1 Mch ng lc v ni dy vo/ra PLC AC/DC/Relay vi ngoi vi
154
Chu Ch c
9 B nh thi (Timer)
Bng xc nh vo/ra (Bng k hiu)

K hiu
a ch
Ch thch
S1
I0.0
Nt nhn quay phi, NO
S2
I0.1
Nt nhn quay tri, NO
S3
I0.2
Nt nhn dng, NC
Q1
I0.3
Tip im motor CB bo v qu ti, NC
K1
Q0.0
Contactor iu khin quay phi
K2
Q0.1
Contactor iu khin quay tri
H0
Q0.2
n bo ng c dng
H1
Q0.3
n bo ng c quay phi
H2
Q0.4
n bo ng c quay tri
H3
Q0.5
n bo ch o chiu
Phn tch:
-
Trong cc bi ton iu khin ng c, ta cn phi ch xem, nu c

s c xy ra vi cc nt nhn c lm cho ng c hot ng khng
theo mong mun hay khng. phng trng hp ny xy ra,
ngi lp trnh phi to ra mt kha.
i vi mch o chiu quay, c khng ch thi gian dng ( y l
5s) th kha s khng ch khng cho ng c khi ng khng theo
mong mun cng nh sai chiu quay. Nu kha cha c xa v 0,
th khng th khi ng hay o chiu ng c c. Trong bi ton
ny, kha xa v 0 khi c 2 nt nhn S1 v S2 khng c tc
ng ( trng thi bnh thng), hoc thi gian ch dng ht.
Kha c chn l M2.0
Khi nt nhn dng S3 c n, ng c dng v phi i trong thi

gian 5s mi dng hn, nn ta cn nh li trng thi ny trong thi
gian 5s lm iu kin SET cho kha M2.0. Chn memory bit M2.3.
nh thi 5s, s dng Timer TON. Chn timer T33
Chng trnh LAD:
155
9 B nh thi (Timer)
156
Chu Ch c
Chu Ch c
9.5.4
9 B nh thi (Timer)
Chiu sng Garage
M t hot ng
n trc ca Garage khng c tt ngay lp tc khi n cng tc, m n
vn cn sng thm mt khong thi gian na (khong 1 pht) cho ngi
i.
Bng xc nh vo/ra
K hiu
a ch
Ch thch
S1
I0.0
Cng tc
H1
Q0.0
n chiu sng Garage
Ni dy PLC:
S1
24V
I0.0
I0.1
I0.2
I0.3
1M
S7-200
Q0.0
Q0.1
Q0.2
Q0.3
AC
L1
AC/DC/RLY
Q0.4
Q0.5
1L
2L
H0
AC
Chng trnh
FBD
LAD
STL
157
9 B nh thi (Timer)
9.5.5
Chu Ch c
Thit b rt cht lng vo thng cha
S cng ngh
Hnh 9.2: S cng ngh thit b rt.

M t hot ng
Khi bt cng tc S1 th thng t kho cha thng rng s c a vo
bng ti, v bng ti vn chuyn thng hot ng. Khi mt thng rng n
di bn cha (c nhn bit bi cm bin S2) th bng ti dng. Van
Y1 m rt cht lng trong bn vo thng. Sau thi gian 5s th thng cha
y. Van Y1 ng li, mt thng rng s c a vo bng ti v bng ti
tip tc di chuyn cho n khi no thng n di bn cha th dng li. Qu
trnh c lp li. Nu cht lng trong bn cha ht th ci H1 s bo vi tn
s 1Hz. Nu thng cha trong kho ht th bng ti cng t ng dng sau
thi gian 15s k t thng cui cng c rt y.
Ch : Y2 l mt solenoid c s dng chn thng trong kho. thng
rt vo bng ti ch cn solenoid c in trong thi gian 100ms.
Bng xc nh vo/ra (Bng k hiu)
K hiu
a ch
S1
I0.0
Cng tc ON/OFF thit b rt
S2
I0.1
Cm bin bo thng ng v tr, (NO)
S3
I0.2
Cm bin bo bn rng, bn rng =0
Y1
Q0.0
Van x cht lng vo thng cha
Y2
Q0.1
t thng cha ln bng ti
K1
Q0.2
Contactor iu khin ng c M ko bng ti
H1
Q0.3
Ci bo bn cha rng
158
Ch thch
Chu Ch c
9 B nh thi (Timer)
S ni dy vi PLC
Chng trnh LAD
159
9 B nh thi (Timer)
Chng trnh STL
160
Chu Ch c
Chu Ch c
9 B nh thi (Timer)
9.6 Cu hi v bi tp
BT9.1 n hnh lang hoc n cu thang c nh thi.
Trn tng ca cc hnh lang chung c, trc mi ca cn h c gn
mt nt nhn (gi s hnh lang c 6 cn h tng ng 6 nt n t S1 n
S6) . Khi tc ng nt nhn th n chiu sng hnh lang (gm c 6 n H1
n H6) s sng trong thi gian 1 pht ri sau t ng tt. Nu trong thi
gian 1 pht m c mt nt nhn no c n tip tc th n s sng thm
1 pht na k t lc n sau cng. Yu cu:
1. Lp bng xc nh vo/ra
2. V s ni dy vo/ra v ngun cp cho PLC S7-200 AC/DC/RLY.
3. Vit chng trnh v sau np vo PLC kim tra.
BT9.2 To OFF-delay Timer
T mt ON-delay timer, hy vit chng trnh to OFF-delay timer theo
s mc 9.4.
BT9.3 iu khin n v Qut ht
Trong mt phng v sinh c trang b mt n chiu sng v mt qut ht
kh. Khi vo phng, bt cng tc ln v tr ON th n sng. Nu trong
phng lu hn thi gian 3 pht th qut ht t ng hot ng. Khi ra khi
phng bt cng tc v v tr OFF th n tt. Nu qut ht hot ng th
sau khi n tt khong 5 pht n mi t ng dng. Yu cu:
2. V s ni dy PLC vi ngoi vi
161
9 B nh thi (Timer)
Chu Ch c
2. Vit chng trnh iu khin v np vo PLC kim tra

BT9.4 iu khin bm nc
Mt bn cha nc c lm y
bi mt bm M. Bm ny c hai ch
hot ng:
M
max
H1
ON
Manu
OFF
Auto
min
* Ch tay:
t cng tc chn ch S1 v
tr Manu. n H1 sng bo ch
tay. ch tay, bm ch c
th hot ng nu n nt nhn S1
ON (NO). Bm s t ng tt nu
n nt nhn S2 OFF (NC) hoc
nc trong bn t n gi tr max
(c pht hin bi cm bin S5).
Hnh 9.3 S cng ngh iu khin bm

* Ch t ng:
Khi t cng tc S1 v v tr Auto, th bm nc hot ng t ng.
Nu nc xung di mc min (pht hin bi cm bin S4) th bm s
c ng in bi contactor K1. Khi nc trong bn ln n v tr max th
contactor mt in v ng c bm nc dng. ch t ng th n H1
tt.
Nhm loi tr s sng snh ca mt nc khi bm lm cho cm bin
bo mc nc v tr max khng chnh xc, th ng c bm nc cn phi
ko di thi gian hot ng thm 1s na ri mi dng hn cho c hai trng
hp Manual v Auto.
Bng xc nh vo/ra
K hiu
a ch
Ch thch
S1
I0.0
Cng tc chn ch , 0: Auto; 1: Manual
S2
I0.1
Nt nhn m my bm nc ch Manual, NO
S3
I0.2
Nt nhn dng bm nc ch tay, NC
S4
I0.3
Cm bin bo bn nc min, NC
S5
I0.4
Cm bin bo bn nc max, NC
K1
Q0.0
Contactor iu khin ng c bm nc
H1
Q0.1
n bo ch Manual.
Yu cu:
1. V s mch ng lc ni contactor vi ng c bm nc 3pha
162
Chu Ch c
9 B nh thi (Timer)
3. V s ni dy PLC
4. Vit chng trnh iu khin v np vo PLC kim tra.
BT9.5 iu khin ca l
Mt ca l c chc nng m, ng v v tr bt k c iu khin
bi mt cylinder. v tr bnh thng th ca l c ng.
-
Khi tc ng nt nhn S1 (NO) th ca l m ra v khi n cng tc

hnh trnh gii hn m ca S4 (NC) th dng li.
Nu ca m ra v tr gii hn m ca S4 th s t ng ng li
sau thi gian 6s hoc nt nhn ng ca S2 (NO) c n.
Khi n gii hn ca ng S5 (NC) th vic ng ca kt thc.
Qu trnh ng ca dng ngay lp tc nu cm bin L1 (NO) b tc

ng. Nhng nu cm bin quang khng b tc ng th qu trnh
ng ca vn tip tc.
Khi ca l ang dch chuyn c th dng bng cch n nt dng S3

(NC).
S cng ngh
Hnh 9.4 iu khin ca l bng kh nn vi van 5/3.

Bng xc nh vo/ra
K hiu
a ch
Ch thch
S1
I0.0
Nt nhn m ca l
S2
I0.1
Nt nhn ng ca l
S3
I0.2
Nt nhn dng, NC
S4
I0.3
Cng tc hnh trnh gii hn m ca, NC
S5
I0.4
Cng tc hnh trnh gii hn ng ca, NC
L1
I0.5
Cm bin quang, NO
Y1
Q0.0
Van iu khin cylnder ng ca
Y2
Q0.1
Van iu khin cylnder m ca
163
9 B nh thi (Timer)
Chu Ch c
Yu cu:
1. V s ni dy vi PLC
2. Vit chng trnh v np vo PLC kim tra.
BT9.6 iu khin qu trnh khi ng ng c rotor dy qun
Nhm trnh dng in khi ng cao trong cc ng c rotor dy qun
c gn thm cc in tr ph.
Khi tc ng nt nhn m my S1 (NO), th contactor K1 c in. Cc
contactor K2, K3 v K4 bt u ng ln lt cch nhau mt khong thi gian
l 5s. Khi contactor cui cng l K4 c ng th rotor c ngn mch v
ng c hot ng ch nh mc.
Khi tc ng nt nhn S0 (NC) th ng c dng.
S cng ngh
Hnh 9.5: iu khin khi ng ng c rotor dy qun

Yu cu:
2. V s ni dy vi PLC loi DC/DC/DC
BT9.7 Gim st hot ng bng ti bng cm bin pht xung
Mt bng ti c truyn ng thng qua mt ng c. Khi bng ti hot
ng th cm bin gim st bng ti S2 pht xung c in p 24V vi tn s
10Hz. Khi bng ti ng yn th S2 pht ra tn hiu 0.
Khi c li xy ra, v d bng ti b kt, tn hiu gim st khng pht ra, ta
cng khng bit l ng c c tt hay khng. Trong trng hp ny, ng c
ko bng ti phi dng ngay lp tc v chung bo bng ti b li H1 vang
vi tn s 2Hz.
164
Bng ti khi ng bng nt nhn S1 (NO).
Bng ti dng bng nt nhn S0 (NC).
Chu Ch c
9 B nh thi (Timer)
S cng ngh
Hnh 9.6: Gim st hot ng bng ti bng cm bin pht xung.

Bng xc nh vo/ra
K hiu
a ch
Ch thch
S0
I0.0
Nt nhn dng, NC
S1
I0.1
Nt nhn m my, NO
S2
I0.2
Cm bin gim st bng ti, xung
K1
Q0.0
Contactor iu khin ng c bng ti
H1
Q0.1
n bo
Yu cu:
BT9.8 Gim st hot ng bng ti bng thi gian
Mt bng ti vn chuyn sn phm c truyn ng thng qua mt
ng c. Sn phm trn bng ti c nhn bit bi hai cm bin S2 v
S3.
Thi gian ti a sn phm di chuyn t S2 n S3 l 3s. Nu vt
qu thi gian ny th bng ti xem nh b li. Khi b li th ng c ko bng
ti dng ngay lp tc v mt chung bo pht ra vi tn s 3Hz.
-
Bng ti khi ng bng nt nhn S1 (NO).
Bng ti dng bng nt nhn S0 (NC).
S cng ngh
165
9 B nh thi (Timer)
Chu Ch c
Hnh 9.7: Gim st hot ng bng ti bng thi gian.

Bng xc nh vo/ra
K hiu
a ch
Ch thch
S0
I0.0
Nt nhn dng, NC
S1
I0.1
Nt nhn m my, NO
S2
I0.2
Cm bin gim st sn phm 1, NO
S3
I0.3
Cm bin gim st sn phm 2, NO
K1
Q0.0
Contactor iu khin ng c bng ti
H1
Q0.1
Chung bo
Yu cu:
BT9.9 Khi ng Sao-tam gic
Thc hin trnh t khi ng t ng sao-tam gic ca mt ng c in
khng ng b 3 pha rotor lng sc vi PLC theo s hnh 9.8.
Khi n nt nhn S1 (NO), th ng c hot ng ch sao (K1 v K2
ng). V sau mt thi gian t trc (gi s 10s), th t ng chuyn sang
ch tam gic (K2 mt in, K3 c in).
Khi n nt S0 (NC) th ng c dng ngay lp tc. Trong trng hp
qu ti (c bo bi tip im nhit F2) th ng c cng dng.
S mch ng lc
166
Chu Ch c
9 B nh thi (Timer)
Hnh 9.8: Mch ng lc khi ng sao-tam gic.

Bng xc nh vo/ra
K hiu
a ch
Ch thch
S0
I0.0
Nt nhn dng, NC
S1
I0.1
Nt nhn m my, NO
F2
I0.2
Bo qu dng, NC
K1
Q0.0
Contactor ngun
K2
Q0.1
Contactor chy sao
K3
Q0.2
Contactor chy tam gic
Yu cu:
1. V s ni dy vi PLC loi AC/DC/RLY
BT9.10 Kim tra cht lng sn phm
hp c vn chuyn trn mt bng ti. Cc hp cch nhau mt
khong nh. Cc hp c ng np cn c kim tra tnh trng y.
Vic kim tra cht lng c thc hin vi mt ngun pht tia Gamma,
u thu s pht tn hiu 1 nu hp khng c y. Vic o c thc
hin xong nu cng tc hnh trnh S1 b tc ng (pht ra tn hiu 1). Trng
hp hp khng c y th sau thi gian o 2s, van Y1 iu khin
Cylinder y hp km cht lng ra ngoi.
S cng ngh
167
9 B nh thi (Timer)
Chu Ch c
Hnh 9.9: Kim tra cht lng sn phm

Bng xc nh vo/ra
K hiu
a ch
Ch thch
S1
I0.0
Cng tc hnh trnh, NO (tc ng S1=1)
S2
I0.1
Ngun tia Gama, khng y S2=1
S3
I0.2
Cm bin bo Cylinder n cui hnh trnh, NO
Y1
Q0.0
Van iu khin Cylinder
Yu cu:
1. V s ni dy vi PLC loi AC/DC/RLY.
BT9.11 iu khin n giao thng
Mt giao l c li i dnh cho ngi i b v t hot ng hai ch
ngy v m.
* Ch ngy
n hot ng hon ton t ng theo gin thi gian hnh 9.10. Ch
ngy c chn khi cng tc S1 logic 1.
* Ch m
Khi t cng tc S1 logic 0 th b iu khin chuyn sang hot ng
ch m. Khi chuyn sang ch m th ch ngy b ct ngay lp tc.
Tt c cc n u tt, ch c n vng ng dnh cho t chp tt vi
tn s 1Hz.
S cng ngh v gin thi gian
168
Chu Ch c
9 B nh thi (Timer)
Hnh 9.10: S cng ngh n giao thng v gin thi gian

Bng xc nh vo/ra
K hiu
a ch
Ch thch
S1
I0.0
Cng tc chn ch , 1: ngy; 0: m
H1
Q0.0
H2
Q0.1
t vng
H3
Q0.2
t xanh
H4
Q0.3
i b
H5
Q0.4
i b xanh
169
10 B m (Counter)
10
B m (Counter)
10.1
Gii thiu
Chu Ch c
Trong nhiu trng hp, vic kim tra mt s lng xc nh phi thng
qua tng cc xung. C th thc hin m cc xung ny bng cc b m. S
dng b m c th gii quyt c mt s vn sau:
-
m s lng
So snh vi mt gi tr t trc cc trng hp bng nhau, nh

hn, ln hn.
Kim tra s khc bit v s lng.
Trong iu khin v tr th vic s dng b m tc cao l khng th

thiu. Phn iu khin v tr v b m tc cao s c trnh by chi tit
trong tp 2 ca b sch ny. chng ny ch cp n cc b m thng
thng.
B m cng c th s dng thc hin cc nhim v nh: Cng cc
xung ca b pht xung nhp v da vo gi cc giai on iu khin lin
tip nhau. Hoc cc yu cu iu khin theo chu k lp nh iu khin n
giao thng.
Cc PLC thng c 3 loi b m: b m ln, b m xung, b m
ln-xung.
C 256 b m S7-200 c a ch t C0 n C255. Chng cng c 3
loi b m l:
+ B m ln CTU (Up Counter).
+ B m xung CTD (Down Counter).
+ B m ln-xung (Up/Down Counter).
Khi s dng mt counter chng ta cn phi xc nh cc thng s sau:
170
Loi counter (CTU, CTD hay CTUD)
S ca counter s s dng, khng c gn cng mt s counter cho

nhiu counter.
Khai bo gi tr cn m cho counter.
Tn hiu xung cung cp cho b m.
Tn hiu xa b m.
Chu Ch c
10.2
10 B m (Counter)
B m ln CTU (Count Up)
B m CTU c biu din LAD nh sau:

Vi:
Cxxx: K hiu v s th t ca counter, v d: C10.
CTU: K hiu nhn bit b m ln
CU:
m ln. Ng vo bit,
R:
Xa b m v 0. Ng vo bit,
PV: Gi tr t trc cho b m. Biu din s Integer.

Mi khi tn hiu ti CU t mc 0 ln 1 th b m s tng gi tr hin
hnh ca n ln 1 n v. Khi gi tr hin hnh ca b m (Cxxx) ln hn
hoc bng gi tr t trc ti ng vo PV (Preset Value) th ng ra bit ca
counter (counter bit) s ln mc 1. Gi tr m ln ti a l 32.767. Phm vi
ca b m l C0 n C255.
B m s b xa v 0 khi ng vo Reset (R) ln mc 1, hoc khi s
dng lnh Reset xa b m.
V d: C mi xung t 0 chuyn ln 1 ti ng vo I0.0, b m s tng
1 n v. T xung th 5 tr i ng ra Q0.0 s ln 1. Nu c xung vo ti ng
I0.1 th ng ra Q0.0 xung 0.
LAD
FBD
STL
Gin xung:
171
10 B m (Counter)
Chu Ch c
ly counter CTU, trong cy lnh bm vo du (+) ca biu tng

, sau chn
, bm v gi chut tri ko th vo v tr
mong mun trong chng trnh. Nhp cc thng tin Cxxx, CU, R v PV.
10.3
B m xung CTD (Count Down)
B m xung CTD c biu din LAD nh sau:

Vi:
Cxxx: K hiu v s th t ca counter, v d: C20.
CTD: K hiu nhn bit b m xung
CD:
Ng vo m xung. Ng vo bit,
LD:
Np gi tr t trc cho b m xung.Ng vo bit,
PV:
Gi tr t trc cho b m. Biu din s Integer.
Mi khi tn hiu ti CD t mc 0 ln 1 th b m s gim gi tr hin

hnh ca n xung 1 n v. Khi gi tr hin hnh ca b m (Cxxx) bng 0,
th Counter Bit Cxxx ln 1. B m xa Counter Bit Cxxx v np gi tr t
trc PV khi ng vo LD (load) ln mc 1.
B m s dng m khi gi tr hin hnh bng 0 v counter bit Cxxx ln 1.
Phm vi ca b m l C0 n C255.
Khi xa b m bng lnh Reset, counter bit b xa v gi tr hin hnh
c t v 0.
ly counter CTD, trong cy lnh bm vo du (+) ca biu tng
, sau chn
mong mun trong chng trnh. Nhp cc thng tin Cxxx, CD, LD v PV.
V d: S dng b m xung C2, gi tr hin hnh gim t 3 tr v 0.
Vi I0.1 logic 0 v mi ln I0.0 chuyn t 0 ln 1 th b m C2 gim i
mt n v. Khi gi tr hin hnh trong b m C2 bng 0 th ng ra Q0.0 ln
1. Khi I0.1 1 th b m c t trc gi tr m l 3.
LAD
172
FBD
STL
Chu Ch c
10 B m (Counter)
Gin xung:
10.4
B m ln-xung CTUD (Count Up/Down)
B m xung CTUD c biu din LAD nh sau:

Vi:
Cxxx:
K hiu v s th t ca counter, v d: C0.
CTUD: K hiu nhn bit b m ln-xung

CU:
Ng vo m ln. Ng vo bit
CD:
Ng vo m xung. Ng vo bit,
R:
Xa b m v 0.Ng vo bit,
PV:
Gi tr t trc cho b m. Biu din s
Integer.
Lnh m ln-xung (CTUD) s m ln mi khi ng vo m ln (CU) t
mc 0 ln 1, v m xung mi khi ng vo m xung (CD) chuyn t 0
ln 1. Gi tr hin hnh Cxxx gi gi tr hin hnh ca b m. Gi tr t
trc PV c so snh vi gi tr hin hnh mi khi thc hin lnh m.
Khi t n gi tr max (32.767), th cnh ln k tip ti ng vo m
ln b m s t v gi tr min (-32.768).
Khi t n gi tr min (-32.768), th cnh ln k tip ti ng vo m
xung b m s t v gi tr max (32.767).
Khi gi tr hin hnh Cxxx ln hn hoc bng gi tr t trc PV, th
Counter Bit Cxxx ln 1. Ngc li Counter Bit Cxxx bng 0.
Phm vi ca b m l C0 n C255.
B m s b xa v 0 khi ng vo Reset (R) ln mc 1, hoc khi s
dng lnh Reset xa b m.
ly counter CTUD, trong cy lnh bm vo du (+) ca biu tng
, sau chn
mong mun trong chng trnh. Nhp cc thng tin Cxxx, CU,CD, R v PV.
173
10 B m (Counter)
Chu Ch c
V d: S dng b m xung C3. Ng vo m ln ni vi I0.0. Ng vo

m xung ni vi I0.1. Xa b m bng I0.2. Khi b m c gi tr hin
hnh >=4 th ng ra Q0.0 ln 1.
LAD
FBD
STL
Network 1
LD
I0.0
LD
I0.1
LD
I0.2
CTUD C3, 4
Network 2
LD
=
C3
Q0.0
Gin xung:
10.5
ng dng b m
10.5.1 m sn phm c ng gi
Sn phm ng gi c a vo mt thng cha bng mt bng ti
(ko bi ng c M). Mi thng cha c 10 sn phm. Khi sn phm
c m th bng ti dng li cho ngi vn hnh a mt thng rng
vo. Sau khi ngi vn hnh n nt S1(NO) tip tc th bng ti hot ng.
Qu trnh c lp i lp li cho n khi no n nt dng S0 (NC).
Sn phm trc khi a vo thng s i qua cm bin quang S2 (NC).
S cng ngh:
174
Chu Ch c
10 B m (Counter)
Hnh 10.1: m sn phm c ng gi

Bng xc nh vo/ra
K hiu
a ch
Ch thch
S0
I0.0
Nt nhn dng, NC
S1
I0.1
Nt nhn khi ng bng ti, NO
S2
I0.2
Cm bin nhn bit sn phm, NC
K1
Q0.0
Contactor iu khin ng c M
Ni dy vi PLC
Phn tch
* ng c ko bng ti:
iu kin hot ng: - Nt nhn S1 (NO) c tc ng
iu kin dng:
- Nt nhn dng S0 (NC) c tc ng, hoc

- m 10 sn phm (b m C1).
Nu s dng Set, Reset:
175
10 B m (Counter)
Chu Ch c
iu kin Set ng c M: K1= S1

iu kn Reset ng c M: K1=
S0 C1
V u tin dng my nn s dng u tin Reset. Ngoi ra khi m

10 sn phm th Counter Bit C1 lun lun =1 nn ng R ca khu RS ta s
dng cnh ln i vi bit C1.
* B m C1:
V m n 10 sn phm th pht tn hiu ng c dng, nn y
s dng b m ln.
iu kin ng vo m ln CU: = S2
Gi tr t cho b m PV:= 10
iu kin xa b m R:= cnh ln K1
Ch : V chn Reset(R) ca b m s xa b m v 0 theo mc logic nn
ta phi s dng cnh ln ng vo.
Chng trnh
LAD
STL
Network 1 ON/OFF bang tai
LD I0.1
LDN I0.0
LD C1
EU
OLD
NOT
LPS
A
Q0.0
=
Q0.0
LPP
ALD
O
Q0.0
=
Q0.0
Network 2 Dem san pham
LDN I0.2
LD Q0.0
EU
CTU C1, 10
10.5.2 Kim sot ch cho Garage ngm

Mt Garage ngm c 20 ch u xe. ng vo c hai n bo: n
bo hiu Garage ht ch, n xanh bo hiu Garage cn ch trng. ng
vo v ng ra ch cho php mt xe chy.
S cng ngh c cho hnh 10.2. Hai cm bin S1 v S2 c t
gn nhau nhn bit xe vo v ra.
176
Chu Ch c
10 B m (Counter)
S1
S2
24V
I0.0
I0.1
I0.2
I0.3
...
S7-200 DC/DC/DC
Q0.0
Q0.1
Q0.2
Q0.3
...
1L
Xanh
24V
Hnh 10.2: S Ragare ngm v s ni dy PLC

Bng xc nh vo/ra
K hiu
a ch
Ch thch
S1
I0.0
Cm bin nhn bit xe vo/ra
S2
I0.1
Cm bin nhn bit xe ra/vo
Q0.0
n bo ht ch u xe
Xanh
Q0.1
n bo cn ch u xe
Phn tch
* Nhn bit xe vo/ra
V Garage ngm ch c mt ca ra vo cho mt ln xe chy, nn khng
th ly ring l mt cm bin nhn bit xa vo v cm bin cn li nhn
bit xe ra v s c s trng lp v khng r rng. gii quyt, kt hp c hai
cm bin ny. Gin xung cho xe vo r ra Garage nh sau:
T gin thi gian ta nhn thy:

Tn hiu xe vo:= cnh ln S2 AND mc logic 1 ca S1
Tn hiu xe ra:= cnh ln S1 AND mc logic 1 ca S2
177
10 B m (Counter)
Chu Ch c
* B m
V s lng xe trong Ragage thay i khi c xe vo v ra, nn y s
dng b m ln v xung. Ngoi ra, n gin khi khi ng li PLC th b
m xa v 0, ta c thng tin cho cc ng vo ca b m nh sau:
-
Ng vo m ln CU:= Tn hiu xe vo
Ng vo m xung:= Tn hiu xe ra
Ng vo gi tr t trc PV:= 20
Ng vo xa b m R:= SM0.1
* n bo Garage cn ch trng (n xanh):=
C1
* n bo Garage ht ch trng (n ):= C1.

Chng trnh
LAD
STL
Network 1 Dem xe ra/vao Ragage
LD I0.1
EU
A
I0.0
LD I0.0
EU
A
I0.1
LD SM0.1
CTUD C1, 20
Network 2 Bao con cho trong
(den xanh)
LDN C1
=
Q0.1
Network 3 Bao het cho dau xe
(den do)
LD C1
=
Q0.0
10.6
Cu hi v bi tp
BT10.6.1 iu khin bn sy
Mt bn sy hot ng nh sau:
178
Chu Ch c
10 B m (Counter)
Khi n nt khi ng S1 (NO), th bn sy quay phi 20s, t ng dng

li 5s, sau quay tri 20s, t ng dng li 5s. Qu trnh c lp i lp li cho
n khi n nt dng S2 (NC) hoc sau thi gian 20 chu k lp s t ng
dng li. Yu cu:
1.
Lp bng xc nh vo ra (khi lp bng ch lit k lun cc bit

nh, b m, timer v ngha ca chng trong chng trnh).
2.
Lp bng ni dy vi PLC
3.
Vit chng trnh iu khin v np vo PLC kim tra.
BT10.6.2 iu khin b n mn
Mt b cha dung dch n mn n mn phn ng cn tha trn tm
mch in. Gi cha cc tm mch c treo vo mt cn nh hnh 10.3. Khi
n nt khi ng S1 (NO) th cn h gi xung n gii hn di S3 (NC)
t cc tm mch in ngp trong dung dch n mn. Sau thi gian 15s th cn
nng ln n gii hn trn ca cn S2 (NC) th t ng h xung tr li. Chu
k lp li c 6 ln th t ng dng hoc c th n nt dng S0 (NC). Khi
h thng ang hot ng th n bo H1 sng.
Hnh 10.3 S cng ngh b n mn

Bng xc nh vo/ra
K hiu
a ch
Ch thch
S0
I0.0
Nt nhn dng, NC
S1
I0.1
Nt nhn khi ng, NO
S2
I0.2
Cng tc hnh trnh gii hn trn, NC
S3
I0.3
Cng tc hnh trnh gii hn di, NC
K1
Q0.0
Contactor iu khin ng c ko gi ln
K2
Q0.1
Contactor iu khin ng c h gi xung
H1
Q0.2
n bo h thng hot ng
179
10 B m (Counter)
Chu Ch c
Yu cu:
1. V s ni dy PLC
2. Vit chng trnh iu khin
BT10.6.3 Kim sot bng chuyn sn phm
Mt h thng bng chuyn sn phm c cho theo s cng ngh
nh hnh v 10.4.
Khi n nt "start" th bng chuyn thng hot ng. Khi thng ng cng
tc hnh trnh S3 (NO) th bng chuyn thng dng li, bng chuyn sn
phm ng gi bt u chuyn ng. Cm bin S2(NC) c dng m
s lung sn phm. Khi m c 12 sn phm th bng chuyn sn phm
dng v bng chuyn thng li bt u chuyn ng. B m c t li v
qu trnh vn hnh lp li cho n khi n nt "stop" (NC).
Hnh 10.4 S cng ngh bng chuyn sn phm

Bng xc nh vo/ra
K hiu a ch
Ch thch
Start
I0.0
Nt nhn khi ng h thng, NO
Stop
I0.1
Nt nhn dng h thng, NC
S2
I0.2
Cm bin m s lng sn phm, NC
S3
I0.3
Cng tc hnh trnh nhn bit thng, NO
K1
Q0.0
Contactor iu khin ng c bng chuyn thng
K2
Q0.1
Contactor iu khin ng c bng chuyn sn phm
Yu cu:
1. V s ni dy PLC
2. Vit chng trnh iu khin
180
Chu Ch c
11 iu khin trnh t
11
iu khin trnh t
11.1
Cu trc chung ca mt chng trnh iu khin
Trong phn ny cp n vic t chc v cu trc cho chng trnh

PLC, ngha l trong chng trnh iu khin gm cc phn c lin quan n
cc vn nh cc ch hot ng, cc chc nng c bn, trnh t x l,
kch hot cc ng ra, hin th trng thi theo trnh t sau:
1. Bt u chng trnh
2. Cc ch hot ng v cc chc nng c bn
-
Khi to v tr c bn.
Cc iu kin cho php ca ng ra.
Mch logic iu khin.
Kch hot cc ng ra.
Xut cc ch th, ch bo.
3. Kt thc chng trnh.
on chng trnh iu khin ch hot dng

-
Khi to v tr c bn
Cc thit b vt l c iu khin u c v tr c bn, v d khi cc c

cu tc ng cc trng thi OFF v cc cng tc hnh trnh v tr h. Tt
c cc yu t ny c th c t hp logic vi nhau bo hiu v khi to v
tr c bn, v c lp trnh nh l mt bc trong chui trnh t.
-
on chng trnh chc nng khi ng hay dng qu trnh iu khin.
Hu ht cc iu khin trong cng nghip u c nt khi ng (START)

v nt dng (STOP) m c th lp trnh cho hnh vi ca chng. Cc nt ny
c lp trnh bng cc tip im logic thc hin khi ng hay dng ton b
hot ng iu khin ca PLC. Cng c th c mt cng tc bng tay cho
php hay khng cho php cc ng ra, dng khi kim tra chng trnh.
on chng trnh x l iu khin
181
11 iu khin trnh t
Chu Ch c
y l phn chnh ca chng ny, bao gm vic thit k v lp trnh cc

iu khin dng c ch trnh t hay logic t hp. Cc kt qu ca s t hp
logic trn thng khng trc tip kch cc c cu chp hnh, m thng qua
cc nh trung gian.
on chng trnh kch cc ng ra
Cc tn hiu ng ra dng kch c cu tc ng c kho ln bi cc

nh trung gian hnh thnh t cc on chng trnh x l iu khin.
on chng trnh xut cc ch th, ch bo
Cc trng thi ca qu trnh hot ng thng c biu th bng n,

chung ngi vn hnh my c cc quyt nh thch hp.
Vic lp trnh theo cu trc nh trn nhm lm cho chng trnh iu
khin c tin cy cao hn, d hiu hn, cho php xc nh li nhanh chng
v rt ngn c thi gian bo tr, sa cha.
11.2
iu khin trnh t
11.2.1 Gii thiu

Trong cng nghip, hu ht cc d n iu khin xy ra mt cch trnh
t, khu x l sau chm hn khu x l trc mt khong thi gian xc nh.
V d nh qu trnh chuyn ng mi bt u nu nh mt qu trnh khc
c kt thc.
Vn ny c th c gii quyt bng iu khin lin kt, vi vic kt
ni cng cc iu kin trong chng trnh. Nhng y ch ra rng t mt
khun kh iu khin bit th vic gii quyt vn bng iu khin lin kt
l rt kh c chng trnh v vic tm li phi mt nhiu thi gian.
Nu mt d n c thc hin theo phng php iu khin trnh t th
cu trc chng trnh c th nhn bit mt cch d dng v d n c th
c biu din bng hnh nh. iu khin trnh t gip cho ngi c c
chng trnh mt cch d dng, chng trnh iu khin c trnh by theo
cu trc, u im ca n l gip cho vic lp trnh, thay i v tm li cc d
n mt cch c hiu qu.
d hiu ta xt Mt h thng nng hng hot ng nh sau :
Bn nng v tr di v hng ho s c a vo bn nng. Nu nt
khi ng c n th bn nng c h thng nng a ln cao, khi ln n
gii hn trn th h thng nng ngng li v bng ti trn bn nng hot ng
ko hng ho a sang b phn khc. Sau khi hng ho c ly xong th
bng ti dng, lc ny bn s c h xung khi n v tr di th dng
li,v mt qu trnh mi li bt u. T yu cu cng ngh ca h thng nng
hng ny ta c th biu din theo phng php iu khin trnh t nh
hnh 11.1.
182
Chu Ch c
11 iu khin trnh t
Bn nng v tr di
Hng ha c a vo bn
Khi ng
1
NS
H thng nng hot ng
Nng
Khi ng
2
NS
Bng ti hot ng
Ly hng
Hng ha c ly
3
NS
H thng h hot ng
H
Gii hn di
4
Hon tt
Hnh 11.1: V d h thng nng hng c biu din theo s chc nng
trong iu khin trnh t.
u im ca phng php iu khin trnh t l:
-
Thit k, lp trnh nhanh v n gin.
Cu trc chng trnh r rng.
Thay i d dng trnh t thc hin.
Nhn bit nhanh chng cc nguyn gy ra li.
Nhiu kiu hot ng khc nhau c th thc hin c.
T cc u im ny m trong thc t rt nhiu bi ton iu khin c

gii quyt bng phng php iu khin trnh t. iu khin trnh t c th
chia lm hai loi:
-
iu khin trnh t theo thi gian .
183
11 iu khin trnh t
Chu Ch c
iu khin trnh t theo qu trnh .
iu khin trnh t theo thi gian :

iu khin trnh t theo thi gian th iu kin chuyn tip ch ph
thuc vo thi gian. Cc khu nh thi, b m thi gian to ra iu kin
chuyn tip.
iu khin trnh t theo qu trnh :
iu khin trnh t theo qu trnh th iu kin chuyn tip ph thuc
vo cc tn hiu ca thit b c iu khin. Cc thng bo v t cc s kin
ca x l c th l v tr van cc b gim st hot ng, lu lng p sut,
nhit , dn, nhn Trong nhiu trng hp cc thng bo v t vic
x l phi c bin i thnh tn hiu nh phn .
Mt dng ca iu khin trnh t ph thuc vo qu trnh x l ca iu
khin theo hnh trnh, iu kin chuyn tip ca n ch ph thuc vo cc tn
hiu hnh trnh ca thit b c iu khin .
11.2.2 Phng php lp trnh iu khin trnh t

Cc bc thit k chng trnh trnh t cho PLC nh sau :
-
Qu trnh iu khin c din t bng li.
S m t c chuyn sang dng lu hay s chc nng.
n giai on ny, cc iu kin logic d dng c xc nh, sau

c chuyn sang biu thc boolean biu din tng trng thi ca
qu trnh trnh t.
Cui cng biu thc boolean c chuyn i sang chng trnh

trong PLC.
S din t bng li hay ghi ra giy m t qu trnh iu khin thng

di, kh theo di v khng chnh xc. Nh cp, ton b qu trnh iu
khin s d hiu hn khi n chia thnh nhng n v con (sub-units) hay x l
con (sub- processor). Mi n v con sau c th c xy dng theo dng
trnh t v kha ln thc hin mt chc nng no theo yu cu. Cn c
cc phng php m t h thng trnh t nh trn sao cho r rng v d
theo di qu trnh hot ng.
Cc phng php din t c th tu chn: logic relay (relay logic
diagram), cng logic (logic schematics), lu (flowcharts) v s chc
nng (function charts) nh hnh 11.2. Cc phng php ny khng thay th
cho bc din t bng li m n h tr rt nhiu cho bc ny. Vic p
dng phng php no tu thuc ch yu vo kinh nghim v phng php
. Ngi phn tch thit k h thng c kin thc tt v k thut s hay v
my tnh th thng dng 3 phng php sau, cn phng php logic relay
c dng i vi nhng ngi quen vi thit k mch relay.
184
Chu Ch c
11 iu khin trnh t
(a)
(b)
iu kin khi
ng
Bt u
No
Kim tra
iu kin 1
Bc 1
X l 1
iu kin
chuyn bc
Yes
X l
Bc 2
X l 2
X l 3
No
Kim tra
iu kin 2
Yes
iu kin
chuyn bc
(c)
Tip tc
(d)
Tip tc
Hnh 11.2 : Cc phng php m t h thng iu khin logic:

(a)
logic relay; (b) cng logic; (c) lu ; (d) s chc nng
Phng php logic relay v cng logic
C hai phng php c lin h trc tip n mch vt l, nn vic dng

PLC thay th h thng relay truyn thng l l tng. Cc phng php
ny thng dng cho h thng iu khin dng t hp cc ng vo hay cc
h thng trnh t qui m nh v s biu din cho trnh t qui m ln phc
tp v kh theo di.
Phng php biu din theo lu
Phng php ny thng dng khi thit k phn mm cho my tnh,

nhng li ph bin biu din trnh t hot ng ca h thng iu khin.
Lu c quan h trc tip n s m t bng li h thng iu khin, ch ra
185
11 iu khin trnh t
Chu Ch c
tng iu kin cn kim tra tng bc v cc x l trong cc bc theo

chui trnh t. Cc x l trong lu c ghi trong 1 ch nht, trong khi
cc iu kin c ghi vo hnh thoi. Tuy nhin, phng php ny chim
nhiu khng gian khi biu din h thng iu khin ln v tr nn nng n.
Phng php s chc nng
Phng php ny ngy cng tr nn ph bin biu din cc hot

ng trnh t, cho php th hin chi tit v cc x l cng nh trnh t cc
hot ng trong qu trnh iu khin. Vi vi cch dng cc k hiu gn v c
ng, phng php ny c c u im ca cc phng php trn, vic
biu din bc tin trnh hot ng mch lc v r rng. Trong tng bc ta
c th ghi ra cc iu kin set v reset, iu kin chuyn trng thi v cc tn
hiu iu khin khc. S chc nng cn th hin c lc khi kim tra v
th h thng.
i s Boolean
Cho d dng phng php no i na, mt khi cc chc nng c

c t r rng th chng phi c chuyn i sang dng m t c th
chuyn thnh chng trnh PLC. Qu trnh ny c thc hin bng cch
chuyn i cc chc nng thnh 1 chui lin tip biu thc boolean, v t
chuyn thnh ngn ng PLC. Mt khi quen vi k thut ny, ta c th d dng
chuyn i s c t chc nng thnh biu thc boolean bt k l n c
c t bng phng php no.
Ta cng c th c t ton b h thng iu khin logic bng biu thc
boolean, mc d vic dng biu thc Boolean thng km hiu qu v mt
thi gian thit k v khng d hiu i vi nhng ngi cha c kinh nghim
v cc h thng iu khin. Gii php dng Boolean d sao i na cng tit
kim c khng gian biu din trn giy khi thit k.
Trong cc phng php lp trnh cho iu khin trnh t trn th phng
php s chc nng c u im hn cc phng php khc. Cho nn
chng ny chn phng php s chc nng lm c s chnh cho vic
thit k iu khin trnh t.
11.3
Cc th tc tng qut thit k bi ton trnh t
Trong bi ton iu khin trnh t, thc hin mt cch c h thng

cng vic iu khin v trnh ti a nhng thiu st, nhm ln th th tc
thit k bi ton trnh t bao gm cc bc nh sau:
Bc 1: Xy dng s phi hp thao tc cng ngh ca my hoc h thng
thit b cn iu khin.
y l cng vic c yu cu tng t nh khi bt tay vo vic thit k
mt my mi. Ngi thc hin s cn c vo yu cu hot ng ca my
t hnh dung v phn tch ra mt trnh t cc thao tc tht chi tit ca cc
186
Chu Ch c
11 iu khin trnh t
khu chp hnh hoc tng b phn chp hnh ca my cng nh s hot
ng gia chng.
Qu trnh phn tch v thc hin vic phi hp cc chuyn ng hoc cc
thao tc thng c thc hin di dng mt s phi hp. S c
thc hin di dng cc di hnh ch nht t k tip nhau. Mi di tng
trng cho din bin theo thi gian qu trnh hot ng ca mt khu chp
hnh hoc mt b phn chp hnh nhm thc hin mt thao tc cng ngh
no .
S phi hp cc thao tc cng ngh cho php ngi thit k hnh
dung ton b qu trnh hot ng ca my hoc ca h thng thit b bao gm
trnh t cc thao tc v thi im bt u cng nh kt thc thc hin ca
tng thao tc. S phi hp ny s l c s cho vic son tho chng
trnh iu khin trn PLC cng ng thi l ti liu gc cho vic hiu chnh s
lm vic my hoc h thng v sau.
Bc 2: Lp s khi iu khin trnh t.
Cn c vo s phi hp cc hot ng hoc cc thao tc ca cc b
phn chp hnh trn my thit k, ngi cn b k thut s thc hin mt
cng vic tng t tip theo l lp s khi iu khin trnh t (dng lu
(flowchart) hoc s chc nng (funtion-chart)). Cng vic ny l mt bc
tip cn hn na ca qu trnh iu khin. Tu theo mc quen s dng
cch biu din no m ngi thit k s la chn cc phng php biu din
qu trnh iu khin m t chui trnh t cc thao tc cng ngh cng nh
cc tn hiu iu khin cho tng thao tc.
Bc 3: Chun b phn cng v m t cc tham s vo/ra.
Cng vic la chn cc c cu chp hnh nh la chn cc loi ng
c, xylanh kh nn hoc xylanh du p, la chn cc loi van iu khin,, c
lin quan mt thit vi qu trnh iu khin tng hp do nhiu yu t nh
c tnh k thut ca c cu tc ng c ph hp vi my thit k hay khng,
kt cu c ph hp hay khng, khng gian c cho php b tr loi c cu tc
ng hay khng; v mt yu t quan trng c tnh cht quyt nh l thi
gian v tc p ng ca c cu tc ng c la chn c ph hp, tha
mn vi yu cu phi hp trn my hay khng.
Ngi thit k phi la chn k tm kim cc c cu tc ng ph hp
nht v m t y cc thng s k thut ca c cu tc ng, chng hn
nh cc gi tr in p, dng in tc ng vo ng c in hay tc ng vo
cc van in t iu khin cc van kh nn. Cc tn hiu trn c lin quan mt
thit vi cc tn hiu ng ra ca PLC. Tng t, cc tn hiu t cc cm bin;
phn nh trng thi ca c cu tc ng, c a n cc ng vo ca
PLC.
Thng qua vic la chn v m t cc tham s vo/ ra ny, ngi thit k
s cung cp cc s liu cn thit cho vic thit k cc mch giao tip gia
PLC vi mch cng sut ca cc c cu tc ng, xc nh s ng vo/ ra
la chn PLC thch hp.
187
11 iu khin trnh t
Chu Ch c
Bc 4: Lp trnh.
Vi y cc d liu c cung cp t cc bc thc hin trn,
cng vic tip theo ca ngi lp trnh l son tho chng trnh iu khin
cho PLC thc hin vic iu khin my hoc h thng hot ng ng cho
chu trnh thit k. Tu theo kh nng quen s dng loi ngn ng lp trnh
trn PLC no m ngi lp trnh s chn la son tho chng trnh. Vi
cc chng trnh n gin, cc phn mm ca cc hng cho php bin dch
c chng trnh c vit t ngn ng ny sang ngn ng khc.
Bc 5: Chy th v hon chnh chng trnh.
y l cng vic ht sc t nhin phi thc hin sau khi lp trnh. Vic
chy th chng trnh c thc hin trong 2 ch :
Ch gi lp (ch offline): Cho chy chng trnh v theo di p
ng ca cc ng ra thng qua cc n LED. n LED ng ra c th s biu
th cho tn hiu xut ng ra cho c cu tc ng v p ng ca chng.
Ch thc (ch online): Sau khi chy th v iu chnh chng
trnh trong ch gi lp hon ho. Chuyn ch hot ng trn PLC v ni
phn mch giao tip vi mch cng sut iu khin my chy trong ch
thc. Trong ch ny, vi cc p ng thc ca cc c cu tc ng khi
khng ti v khi c ti s gip cho ngi lp trnh hiu chnh chng trnh ln
cui trc khi a vo vn hnh thc s trong sn xut.
11.4
Cu trc ca bi ton iu khin trnh t
Mt bi ton iu khin trnh t c th chia lm 4 phn :
Chui trnh t
Kiu hot ng
Cc thng bo
Kch hot ng ra .
Mi lin h gia cc phn c biu din theo s hnh 11.3.

11.4.1 Chui trnh t
Ht nhn ca iu khin trnh t l chui trnh t. Chng trnh iu
khin theo cc bc bit c x l y. Cc bc trnh t ring l
c kch hot ph thuc vo iu kin chuyn tip.
11.4.2 Kiu hot ng
iu kin cho cc ch hot ng khc nhau c x l trong phn
kiu hot ng. Cc loi hot ng sau thng c s dng trong k thut
iu khin .
a. Ch t ng:
188
Chu Ch c
11 iu khin trnh t
Trong ch t ng, sau khi tn hiu khi ng c kch hot th trnh

t iu khin xy ra cc chui trnh t hon ton t ng khng cn n
bng iu khin . C cu chp hnh s c iu khin theo chui trnh t .
b. Ch tay hay hot ng theo bc
Trong ch hot theo tng bc th chui trnh t c chuyn tip
bng tay . ch ny cn c thm s phn bit : chuyn tip c iu kin
v chuyn tip khng iu kin. Ch lm vic ny dng kim tra
chng trnh trong vn hnh v x l li .
c. Ch thit b
Trong ch ny, tng c cu chp hnh c th c tc ng bng
tay m khng ph thuc vo chng trnh iu khin. Cc kha an ton vn
c hiu lc trong ch ny.
Cc ch lm vic khc nhau c iu khin bng iu khin. Ty
theo ch hot ng c iu chnh m chui trnh t xut lnh v phn
thng bo tip nhn tn hiu di dng tn hiu sn sng, tn hiu chuyn tip,
tn hiu kha v tn hiu hin th.
Tn hiu t bng
iu khin
Kiu hot ng
V tr c bn
Cho php
Thnh phn
thng bo:
Loi hot ng
Li
Chui trnh t
Hin th bc
Cc kha
Kch hot ng ra
C cu chp hnh
Hnh 11.3: Cu trc ca mt bi ton iu khin trnh t

i vi mi ch hot ng thng phi ch n qui tc an ton.
Cc qui tc an ton nht c th c tm tt sau y :
Cc tnh trng nguy him gy tai nn cho ngi, my mc cng nh

vt liu phi c trnh.
My mc phi c trng thi ng yn (khng hot ng) khi

ngun c in tr li nu xy ra tnh trng mt in.
189
11 iu khin trnh t
Chu Ch c
Cc cng tc dng khn cp v cc cng tc gii hn an ton phi

lun trng thi sn sng khi c s c. Bi vy cc thit b bo v
ny cn phi c tc dng trc tip n phn cng sut ca c cu
chp hnh.
Trong trng hp xy ra s c t dy hay ni t th h thng khng

c php t khi ng cng nh khng c php hot ng.
Cc qui tc chung ny c thc hin ty theo mi nhim v iu khin.

11.4.3 Cc thng bo
Trong phn chng trnh ny, cc thng bo cn thit ca iu khin
c t bng iu khin. Cc thng bo iu khin bao gm ch th ch
hot ng c t, ch th s bc hin hnh v ch th li xy ra.
11.4.4 Kch hot ng ra
Cc lnh thc hin cc bc n ca chui trnh t c kch hot trong
phn chng trnh xut lnh, ng thi n c lin kt vi tn hiu sn sng
ca phn ch hot ng v cc tn hiu kha t qu trnh x l. y cn
lu n cc lnh iu khin bng tay ca c cu chp hnh trong ch
hot ng thit b.
* c im ca iu khin trnh t:
Cc c im quan trng nht ca iu khin trnh t c th k ra nh
sau :
Cc bc trnh t c thc hin k tip nhau theo mt trnh t xc
nh cho trc. Trnh t ny ch c th b nh hng khi c tn hiu
cho php chui trnh t v reset chui trnh t.
Khi c tn hiu cho php chui trnh t v iu kin chuyn tip c
tc ng th bc sau c thc hin.
Vic ng mch cho bc k tip ph thuc vo iu kin chuyn tip
c iu khin t qu trnh hay thng qua cc iu kin thi gian.
Khi bc sau c set th bc trc phi b reset.
Cc li trong mt chui trnh t c th c xc nh v phn tch mt
cch nhanh chng. Vic tm li gii hn trong cc bc c set v
iu kin chuyn tip ca chng, cc li c tm ra y.
Khu an ton c thit lp khng ph thuc vo trnh t chng
trnh v tn hiu ca n c lin kt vi cc khu tng ng ca
phn kch hot ng ra.
11.5
Cc k hiu
Vic biu din iu khin trnh t c thc hin theo s khi. N

biu din vn iu khin cn gii quyt, khng ph thuc vo cch thc
190
Chu Ch c
11 iu khin trnh t
thc hin ca n nh ch hot ng, s lp t dy dn cng nh v tr lp

t. S khi b sung thm cch m t hot ng. Nh cc yu cu cn
thit trong hot ng v cng ngh c biu din c ng, r rng. Nh vy
s khi cng l mt cng c thch hp din t qui trnh cng ngh gia nh
sn xut v ngi s dng. Dng biu din cho iu khin trnh t c cho
theo bng 11.1.
ngha
K hiu chung cho bc
n : Bc thc hin
xxx: Tn bc thc hin
Lnh:
A : Loi lnh.
B : Tn gi v tc dng ca cc lnh
ti thit b c gii thch bng ch ( v
d : bng ti dng )
C : V tr ngt ca lnh.
K hiu
n
xxx
ng dn tc dng
n : s k hiu ca v tr ngt
Tm tt ca cc ng dn tc dng
X,Y,Z : Tn cc iu kin c m t
ngn hay dng ch.
X
Y
Z
K hiu cc cng logic.

1: Cng OR
& : Cng AND
=1: Cng XNOR
Cc r nhnh
&: AND
1: OR
&
=1
&
Bng 11.1: Cc k hiu
11.6
Bc trnh t
Mt bc trnh t c cho nh hnh v 11.4. Phn trn c k hiu n l

s bc, phn di dng m t ngn chc nng ca bc. Bc n c
191
11 iu khin trnh t
Chu Ch c
set nu tt c cc ng vo I c gi tr logic 1. Cc ng ra Q bc c
set c gi tr 1 v sn sng set cho bc tip theo ( n+ 1 ). Bc s b
reset nu nh bc sau ( n+ 1) c set. Ngoi ra mt bc c th b nh
hng bi tn hiu reset R v tn hiu t do F .
Tn hiu n t bc trc I
Chuyn tip
khng iu kin.
Cho php
F
R
Text
iu kin chuyn tip
Q
Hnh 11.4: K hiu ca mt bc vi cc ng vo v ra
V d sau l mt chng trnh biu din mt bc tng ng trong iu
khin trnh t. y l trng hp n gin nht gm c mt khu nh vi
cng AND t ng S. Khu trnh t ny c th b Reset vi lin kt OR
thm vo ng R.
F I I
Xo bng vic Set

bc sau (n+1)
1
&
S
1
Bit memory
Q
Trong th hin chng trnh th mt bc c set tng ng vi mt

bit memory.
Cu trc ca chui tun t tng ng trnh t cc bc iu khin ca
d n. C 2 phng php biu din :
192
Chu Ch c
11 iu khin trnh t
Bc c bn
Bc c bn
iu kin khi ng
Lnh 1
Bc 1
Bc 1
Lnh 2
iu kin chuyn
tip cho bc 2
iu kin chuyn
tip cho bc 2
Lnh 3
Bc 2
Bc 2
Lnh 4
iu kin chuyn
tip cho bc 3
iu kin chuyn
tip cho bc 3
Bc 3
Bc 3
Lnh 5
S biu din theo DIN 40719
S biu din theo IEC-SC65A
Hnh 11.5: Cc cch biu din theo cc chun khc nhau

hai phng php biu din trn, chng ny ch trnh by s biu
din theo DIN 40719.
11.7
Cc lnh biu din trong s chc nng
Cc lnh cho ng ra ca mt bc phn kch hot ng ra ca khu

iu chnh c in vo dng bn phi ca hnh ch nht ca k hiu bc.
K hiu lnh theo bc c k hiu nh sau:
I
Text
Q
Vng A: Cho bit loi lnh.
193
11 iu khin trnh t
Chu Ch c
Vng B: Ch tc dng ca lnh gii thch bng ch (v d ng c c

in, n H1 sng . . .).
Vng C: K hiu v tr ngt ca lnh xut. Nu v tr ngt khng tn ti th
c th b vng ny.
Mi k hiu c th s dng nhiu ng vo vi cc tc dng khc nhau.
Cc tc dng c bit c k hiu thng qua ch ci:
Ng vo cho php: F.
Ng vo reset: R.
Ng vo cho cc thng bo li: RC.
Mt k hiu lnh cng c quyt nh v cc ng ra, hoc c biu din
trc tip bng ng dn tc dng hoc s lnh ca n c in vo vng C.
Cc ng ra c k hiu RC dng thng bo li t khu iu chnh.
Cc loi lnh sau c th c in vo vng A:
Lnh
ngha
Lnh tr hon thi gian
SD
Lnh tr hon thi gian v c duy tr
NSD
Lnh tr hon thi gian v khng c duy tr
NS
Lnh khng c duy tr
Reset li cc phn t b set
Lnh c duy tr
SH
Lnh c duy tr trong trng hp mt in
Lnh gii hn thi gian
ST
Lnh c duy tr v gii hn thi gian
* Lnh NS (khng c duy tr)

Lnh NS ch c tc dng khi no bc ph thuc c kch hot. Nu
bc sau c ng mch th lnh NS khng cn tc dng na.
V d lnh
M0.3
Biu din s logic
I0.2
I1.0 M0.0
NS Q0.0
Van 5 ON
M0.3 I0.2
I1.0
M0.0
&
&
Q0.0
194
Chu Ch c
11 iu khin trnh t
* Lnh NSD (tr hon thi gian v khng c duy tr)

Lnh NSD tc dng nh lnh NS, vic xut lnh xy ra ty thuc vo qu
trnh ca thi gian tr hon t c iu chnh trc.
V d lnh
Biu din s logic

I0.7
M1.5
I0.7 I0.4 M1.2
5
NSD Q0.5
M1.2
I0.4
&
Qut ON,
T37= 3s
3s
0
M1.5
&
Q0.5
* Lnh T (gii hn thi gian )

Lnh gii hn thi gian b xo thng qua mt bc. N ng in sau
mt thi gian xc nh nu bc cn tch cc. Nu bc thot khi trc thi
gian nh trc th lnh cng mt tc dng theo.
V d lnh
Biu din s logic

M0.6 I1.0
I0.1 M2.2
I1.0 I0.1 M2.2

&
6
T Q1.2
M0.6
Tn hiu cnh
bo T37=10s
T37
10
0
&
Q1.2
* Lnh S (duy tr)

Lnh duy tr c set trong mt bc v gi lun sau nu nh bc
khng cn tc dng na. Bi vy lnh S phi c xa bi lnh reset ( R)
mt bc khc.
195
11 iu khin trnh t
Chu Ch c
V d lnh
Biu din s logic
I0.4 I1.0 I1.1 I1.2

F
F
R
3
Q0.3
M1.4
Motor ON
M0.3
I1.2
&
I1.1
I1.0
I0.4
M0.3
1
R
12
M2.0
Q0.3 Motor STOP
&
M1.4
Q0.3
* Lnh SD (tr hon thi gian v c duy tr )

Lnh SD c tc dng nh lnh S. Tuy nhin ng ra c tc dng sau qu
trnh thi gian tr hon t c iu chnh trc.
V d lnh
Biu din s logic

M0.5
M1.5 I0.7
I0.2 I0.7 I1.0 M2.1
R
F F
5
&
R
I= 0
S
1
I1.0
I0.2
M2.1
SD Q0.7 Van ON, T38=5s
M0.5
M3.0
12
T38
R
Q0.7
Van STOP
M1.5
t
0
&
Q0.7
* Lnh SH (duy tr trong trng hp mt in)

Lnh SH c tc dng nh lnh S nhng sau lnh c duy tr, nu
nh v mt nguyn nhn no in p cung cp b mt.
196
Chu Ch c
11 iu khin trnh t
SH
13
Van ON
* Lnh ST (duy tr v gii hn thi gian)

Lnh ST c tc dng nh lnh S. N cng cn c set nu nh bc
ph thuc khng cn c Set na v ch ko di trong mt khong thi gian
t c iu chnh trc.
V d lnh
I0.2 I1.4
F
5
Biu din s logic
ST Q1.5 Ci ON, T39= 6s
I1.4
I0.2
M1.4 M0.5
M2.2
F
&
M2.2
T39
M0.5
6s
0
R
12
Q1.5 Ci OFF
M1.4
&
Q1.5
11.8
Cc ch hot ng, cnh bo v xut lnh
Ty theo yu cu iu khin m ngi vn hnh c th t trng thi

hot ng ca thit b cc trng thi hot ng khc nhau. Ty theo ch
lm vic c t m ch cho tn hiu ng ra cc iu kin xc nh.
Mt h thng iu khin trnh t y bn cnh chui trnh t cn bao
gm ch lm vic, cnh bo v xut lnh.
Trong chng ny ch trnh by ch hot ng vi cc cnh bo, hin
th bc v xut lnh trong iu khin trnh t, cc ch hot ng bao gm:
Ch t ng
197
11 iu khin trnh t
Chu Ch c
Ch tay (ch bc n khng c iu kin)
11.8.1 Bng iu khin

Giao tip gia ngi vn hnh v h thng iu khin l bng iu khin.
Bng iu khin gm c tt c cc cng tc chn la ch , nt nhn phc
v theo yu cu ca ngi iu khin. Ngoi ra trn bng iu khin cn c
cc b ch th cnh bo.
Bng iu khin c s dng trong chng ny c dng nh sau:
Hnh 11.6: Bng iu khin tiu biu iu khin trnh t

trnh trng cc nt nhn cng nh cc n bo vi cc yu cu cng
ngh t ra cho cc bi tan iu khin th cc nt nhn v cng tc trn bng
iu khin c k hiu l I1, I2, I3, I4 v cc n bo l Q0 Q4 vi Q0..Q3
l b m ch th bc trnh t cn Q4 l bo ch t ng.
Nhim v ca cc nt nhn, cng tc nh sau:
Cng tc I1:
T ng/tay
Chn ch hot ng. Nu I1 = 1 l ch t ng, I1 = 0 l ch

tay.
Nt nhn I2:
Chp nhn ch
Khi I1 = 1 (ch t ng) th khi tc ng I2 th chui trnh t c t

v v tr c bn (v tr c bn) v ln tc ng k tip th ch t ng
c thc hin. Nu chui trnh t ang sn sng v tr c bn th ch cn
tc ng mt ln I2 ch t ng c thc hin.
Khi I1 = 0 (ch tay) mi ln tc ng I2 s i n bc k tip trong
chui trnh t.
Nt nhn I3:
Cho php hot ng
Nt nhn phi c tc ng ch hot ng theo bc n l,

kch hot ng ra ca mi bi.
Nt nhn I4:
Dng
Kt thc ch hot ng t ng khi n bc cui cng trong chui

trnh t.
198
Chu Ch c
11 iu khin trnh t
11.8.2 Cc khu ch hot ng c cnh bo

Cc ch hot ng ca iu khin trnh t s thc hin x l tn hiu
t bng iu khin v thit b cung cp cho chui trnh t cc tn hiu iu
khin c yu cu nh:
B0: Xung tr v v tr c bn ca chui trnh t
B1: Cho php chuyn sang bc k tip c iu kin
B2: Cho php chuyn sang bc k tip khng c iu kin chuyn mch
B3: iu kin khi ng chui trnh t
Cu trc chng trnh ca cc ch hot ng vi cc tn hiu vo v
ra theo yu cu nh sau:
Hnh 11.7: Cu trc chng trnh iu khin trnh t theo cc tn hiu vo/ra
Ghi ch:
Tn hiu cho php 1 i vi chuyn mch tip theo c iu kin (t ng)
Tn hiu cho php 2 i vi chuyn mch tip theo khng iu kin (tay)
Tn hiu cho php 3 i vi vic xut lnh
Di y l cc on chng trnh cho cc khu trong ch hot ng vi:
Cc tn hiu vo l cc ng vo I1, I2, I3, I4, I0, GM0 v M0
Cc tn hiu ra l Q4, B0, B1, B2, B3 v cc nh ph l B10, B11 v B12.
199
11 iu khin trnh t
Chu Ch c
Tn hiu B0:
Tn hiu Q4 v B1:
Tn hiu B12:
Tn hiu B2: Cho php chuyn mch tip theo khng iu kin
iu kin khi ng cho chui trnh t (x l mt ln)
iu kin khi ng cho chui trnh t (x l lp li)
200
Chu Ch c
11 iu khin trnh t
Cho php lnh:
on chng trnh trn l chng trnh tng qut ca cc ch hot

ng vi iu khin trnh t. Ty theo tng bi ton c th m ta s gn cho
cc ng vo I1, I2, I3, I4, I0, Q4 cc ng vo v ra tng ng; GM0, M0, B0,
B1, B2, B3, B10, B11 v B12 gn cho cc nh M tng ng.
11.8.3 Hin th bc trnh t

Tn hiu hin th cnh bo trng thi hot ng ca thit b c lp
trnh sn trong cc khu ch hot ng.
Tn hiu cp cho hin th bc l s kt hp ca cc nh ca cc
bc.
11.8.4 Xut lnh

Trong phn xut lnh ca iu khin trnh t th lnh xut c lin kt t
tn hiu cho php lnh vi nh bc trnh t.
11.9
Cc v d ng dng
Trong cc v d s khng trnh by phn kt ni dy vi PLC na. Phn

ny yu cu bn c t thc hin.
11.9.1 My phay n gin
M t hot ng:
Khi n nt khi ng S1 th bn my di chuyn v hng phi. Khi bn
my gp cng tc hnh trnh S2 th t ng quay ngc tr li. Trong chiu
chy ngc, nu bn phay ng cng tc hnh trnh S3 th t ng o chiu.
Qu trnh c th lp i lp li.
Khi n nt dng S0 th bn phay tip tc quay cho ht chu k v ch dng
li khi tr v v tr c bn (gii hn tri).
201
11 iu khin trnh t
Chu Ch c
Thc hin vit chng trnh iu khin my phay ny theo phng php
trnh t.
S cng ngh:
START
S1
STOP
S0
Bn phay
S3
S2
Gii hn tri
Gii hn phi
Hnh 11.8: S cng ngh my phay n gin

S iu khin theo trnh t:
(M1.0)
Q
Nt nhn khi ng S1 (I0.1)
Nt nhn dng S0 (I0.0)

nh khi ng tt (M0.0)
Bn phay gii hn tri, I0.3
NS
S
Quay phi
(M1.1)
Bn phay chy v hng phi (contactor K1), Q0.0

nh khi ng, M0.0
Bn phay gii hn phi, I0.2
NS
Bn phay chy v hng tri (contactor K2), Q0.1
Quay tri
(M1.2)
Bn phay gii hn tri, I0.3
nh khi ng, M0.0
Kt thc
(M1.3)
Hnh 11.9: S iu khin theo trnh t my phay n gin

Bng k hiu:
K hiu
a ch
Ch thch
Cc bin vo
S0
202
I0.0
Nt nhn dng, NC
Chu Ch c
11 iu khin trnh t
S1
I0.1
Nt nhn khi ng
S2
I0.2
Cng tc hnh trnh bo gii hn phi, NC
S3
I0.3
Cng tc hnh trnh bo gii hn tri,NC
Cc bin ra
K1
Q0.0
Contactor iu khin bn phay chy v hng phi
K2
Q0.1
Contactor iu khin bn phay chy v hng tri
Chng trnh
Biu din LAD:
203
11 iu khin trnh t
Chu Ch c
Biu din STL:

Network 1 Buoc co ban
LD I0.1
LDN I0.0
NOT
LPS
A
M1.0
=
M1.0
LPP
ALD
O
M1.0
=
M1.0
204
Network 2 Buoc 1: Quay phai

LDN M0.0
AN I0.3
A
M1.0
LD M1.2
NOT
LPS
A
M1.1
=
M1.1
LPP
ALD
O
M1.1
=
M1.1
Chu Ch c
Network 3 Buoc 2: Quay tri

LD M1.1
AN I0.2
LD M1.3
NOT
LPS
A
M1.2
=
M1.2
LPP
ALD
O
M1.2
=
M1.2
Network 4 Buoc 3: Ket thuc
LD M1.2
AN I0.3
LD M1.1
O
M0.0
ON I0.0
NOT
LPS
A
M1.3
=
M1.3
LPP
ALD
O
M1.3
=
M1.3
11 iu khin trnh t
Network 5 Thuc hien nhiem vu trong

buoc 1: Contactor K1
LD M1.1
=
Q0.0
S
M0.0, 1
buoc 2: contactor K2
LD M1.2
=
Q0.1
buoc 3
LD M1.3
R
M0.0, 1
11.9.2 Bng chuyn m to

M t hot ng:
Khi n nt khi ng ON th bng chuyn thng hot ng. Khi thng n
v tr th dng li v bng chuyn to hot ng. Nu s lng to m c
bng 12 th bng chuyn to dng. Bng chuyn chy tip cho n khi mt
thng th hai ng v tr th dng li. Qu trnh c lp i lp li cho n khi
no n nt OFF.
S cng ngh:
205
11 iu khin trnh t
Chu Ch c
Bng chuyn to
Bng chuyn thng
Hnh 11.10: S cng ngh bng chuyn m to

Bng k hiu:
K hiu
a ch
Ch thch
Cc bin vo
OFF
I0.0
Nt nhn dng, NC
ON
I0.1
Nt nhn khi ng h thng
CB_tao
I0.2
Cm bin to, NC
CB_thung
I0.3
Cm bin thng ng v tr,NO
K1
Q0.0
Contactor iu khin bng chuyn to
K2
Q0.1
Contactor iu khin bng chuyn thng
Cc bin ra
S iu khin theo trnh t:
206
Chu Ch c
11 iu khin trnh t
(M1.0)
Q
Nt nhn khi ng S1 (I0.1)
Nt nhn dng S0 (I0.0)
S0 (I0.0)
nh khi ng tt (M0.0)
B.chuyn to dng
1
B.chuyn thng
(M1.1)
2
B.chuyn to
(M1.2)
3
NS B.chuyn thng hot ng (contactor K1), Q0.0

S nh khi ng, M0.0
R Xa b m to C1
Thng ng v tr (I0.3)
NS
NS
Cm bin to (I0.2)
B m to, C1 (12 qu)

B.chuyn to hot ng (contactor K2), Q0.1
s lng to cho thng (C1)

R
nh khi ng, M0.0
Kt thc
(M1.3)
Hnh 11.11: S iu khin theo trnh t bng chuyn m to

Chng trnh
Biu din LAD:
207
11 iu khin trnh t
208
Chu Ch c
Chu Ch c
11 iu khin trnh t
Chng trnh biu din STL:

Network 1 Buoc co ban
LD I0.1
LDN I0.0
NOT
LPS
A
M1.0
=
M1.0
LPP
ALD
O
M1.0
=
M1.0
Network 2 Buoc 1: Bang chuyen
thung
LDN M0.0
AN Q0.1
A
M1.0
LD M1.2
ON I0.0
NOT
LPS
A
M1.1
=
M1.1
LPP
ALD
O
M1.1
=
M1.1
Network 3 Buoc 2: Bang chuyen tao
LD I0.3
EU
A
M1.1
LD M1.3
ON I0.0
NOT
LPS
A
M1.2
=
M1.2
LPP
ALD
O
M1.2
=
M1.2
Network 4 Buoc 3: Ket thuc

LD C1
A
M1.2
LD M1.1
ON I0.0
NOT
LPS
A
M1.3
=
M1.3
LPP
ALD
O
M1.3
=
M1.3
buoc 1
LD M1.1
=
Q0.0
S
M0.0, 1
buoc 2
LD M1.2
=
Q0.1
Network 7 Dem tao
LD M1.2
AN I0.2
LD M1.1
CTU C1, 12
Network 8 Thuc hien nhiem vu buoc
3
LD M1.3
R
M0.0, 1
209
11 iu khin trnh t
Chu Ch c
11.10 Cu hi v bi tp
BT 11.1 n giao thng
Mt giao l hnh nh v c ch lm vic nh hnh 11.12
S cng ngh v gin thi gian
ng-Ty
ng-Ty vng
ng-Ty xanh
Nam-Bc
Nam-Bc vng
Nam-Bc xanh
60s
10s
60s
10s
Hnh 11.12: S cng ngh n giao thng v gin thi gian
210
Chu Ch c
11 iu khin trnh t
Bng k hiu
K hiu
a ch
Ch thch
S1
I0.0
Cng tc h thng
H1
Q0.0
ng-Ty
H2
Q0.1
ng-Ty vng
H3
Q0.2
ng-Ty xanh
H4
Q0.3
Nam-Bc
H5
Q0.4
Nam-Bc vng
H6
Q0.5
Nam-Bc xanh
Khi bt cng tc S1 v v tr ON th h thng n giao thng hot ng

theo s thi gian trn. v tr OFF th ton b h thng n tt.
Hy vit chng trnh iu khin theo phng php trnh t.
BT 11.2
Xe chuyn nguyn liu
Hnh 11.13: S cng ngh xe chuyn nguyn liu

Bng k hiu
K hiu
a ch
Ch thch
Start
I0.0
Khi ng h thng, thng h.
End 1
I0.1
Cng tc hnh trnh trm x, thng ng
Fill 1
I0.2
Cm bin bo xe rng, thng ng.
211
11 iu khin trnh t
Chu Ch c
End 2
I0.3
Cng tc hnh trnh trm np, thng ng.
Fill 2
I0.4
Cm bin bo y, thng h.
Stop
I0.5
Dng, thng ng.
Step
I0.6
Ch bc, thng h.
Auto
I0.7
Ch t ng, thng h.
Dir_A
Q0.0
Xe chy v hng A
Dir_B
Q0.1
Xe chy v hng B
Y1
Q0.2
Van x nguyn liu
Y2
Q0.3
Van thy lc
M t hot ng
Xe vn chuyn nguyn liu hot ng nh sau:
* Xe vn chuyn nguyn liu c th thc hin qua cng tc chn ch :
- Ch t ng: I0.6
- Ch bc: I0.7
* V tr c bn: Xe v tr cng tc hnh trnh End 2 (I0.3 v xe cha
c lm y.
Ch t ng:
Khi xe v tr c bn v cng tc chn ch t ch t ng, khi
nhn nt khi ng (I0.0) th van x Y1 m, vt liu c vo xe, cm bin
Fill 2 dng nhn bit xe c y. Khi xe y th van x Y1 mt in
v xe chy v hng B sau thi gian n nh 5s, xe dng li ti B (trm nhn
nguyn liu) khi chm cng tc hnh trnh S2. Xy lanh thy lc ca thit b x
c iu khin v tm chn trn xe c m vt liu c rt vo bn
cha. Khi xe x ht vt liu cm bin S4 pht ra tn hiu 1, pit tng thy lc
ca thit b x mt in, tm chn tr v v tr c, xe dng 5 giy sau chy
v hng A. Chu k hot ng c lp li.
Nu trong chu k hot ng m nt dng c n th qu trnh vn tip
tc cho n khi xe tr v v tr c bn (xe rng v trm nhn nguyn liu) v
dng hn.
Ch bc:
mi bc thc hin phi thng qua nt nhn start.
V d : khi n start xe ng v tr van x c m, khi xe y th S3 tc
ng, van x ng li. Nu tip tc n start th xe chy v hng B.
Hy vit chng trnh iu khin xe chuyn nguyn liu ny theo iu
khin trnh t.
212
Chu Ch c
BT 11.3
11 iu khin trnh t
Thit b v nc chai
Hnh 11.14: S cng ngh thit b v nc chai

Bng k hiu
K hiu
a ch
Ch thch
S1
I0.0
Gii hn trn ca cn v nuc, thng ng
S2
I0.1
Gii hn di ca cn v nc, thng ng
S3
I0.2
Cm bin v tr chai, thng h
S4
I0.3
Khi ng h thng, thng h
S5
I0.4
Chai ng v tr trong kt, thng h
K1
Q0.0
Van x nuc
K2
Q0.1
H cn v nc xung
K3
Q0.2
Nng cn v nc ln
K4
Q0.3
Bng ti vn chuyn chai rng
K5
Q0.4
n bo kt y
M t
213
11 iu khin trnh t
Chu Ch c
Thit b v nc chai hot ng nh sau:

Trc khi vn hnh thit b v nc chai th cc chai rng phi c t
ln bng ti. Nu sau nt nhn khi ng ( I0.3) c tc ng, th bng
ti s vn chuyn chai rng vi thi gian tr hon ban u l 1s. Bng ti dng
li khi c mt chai n cm bin v tr (I0.2).
By gi cn v nc s h t trn xung, khi n gii hn di (I0.1) th
dng li, sau 1s th van x s c m nc vo chai, van x s ng
li khi chai y thi gian lm y ko di khong 3s.
Sau khi van x ng li 1s th cn v nc c nng ln, n gii hn
trn (I0.0) th dng li. Sau 1s th bng ti vn chuyn chai rng li tip tc
v qu trnh c th lp li.
Chai y nc c a sang bng ti a chai vo kt khi bng
ti chai rng hot ng, khi chai ng v tr trong kt th c mt tn hiu pht ra
(I0.4).
Qu trnh c lp i lp li cho n khi no s lng chai trong kt
12 th n bo sng ln v h thng dng li. Qu trnh mi li bt u khi nt
nhn khi ng c tc ng.
Hy vit chng trnh iu khin s dng phng php trnh t.
BT 11.4
My un thanh kim loi
S cng ngh:
Hnh 11.15: S cng ngh my un thanh kim loi

Cc thanh kim loi cn c un mt u theo theo mt khun cho trc
(s cng ngh). Qui trnh hot ng ca my nh sau:
214
Thanh kim loi cn un c t ln khun un
n nt khi ng S0 th xy lanh Cyl.1 h xung gi ly thanh

kim loi.
Chu Ch c
11 iu khin trnh t
Khi thanh kim loi c gi cht (nhn bit bi cng tc hnh trnh
S2) th xy lanh Cyl.2 h xung un thanh kim loi vung gc
trc. Sau khi un xong th t ng nng ln nh cng tc hnh
trnh S4.
Khi xy lanh Cyl.2 tr v v tr c bn (nhn bit bi S3) th xy lanh

Cyl.3 c y un thanh kim loi giai an un cui theo
nh hnh ca khun un. Khi xy lanh Cyl.3 n v tr S6 th t ng
rt ngc v.
Khi xy lanh Cyl.3 rt v n v tr c bn (nhn bit bi S5) th xy

lanh Cyl.1 cng rt v v tr c bn ca n (nhn bit bi S1). Lc
ny thanh kim loi c t do. Ngi s dng c th ly ra v t
mt thanh kim loi mi vo. V mt chu k mi li c th bt u.

BT 11.5 My doa ming ng kim loi
ng kim loi cn c doa ming theo mt khun cho trc (s cng
ngh).
S cng ngh:
Hnh 11.16: S cng ngh my doa mig ng kim loi.

My hot ng nh sau:
Ngi vn hnh t ng kim loi cn doa ming vo v tr sao cho
ming ng phi chm vo c chn ming ng. Sau n nt nhn S0, xy lanh
Cyl.1 s kp ng li. khi ng c kp th c chn ming ng t ng rt
v. Xy lanh Cyl.2 s h xung doa ming ng theo khun A. thi gian doa
khang 3s. Sau xy lanh Cyl.2 rt v v khun B c xylanh Cyl.4 a
vo. Sau khi khun B c a vo th xy lanh Cyl.2 h xung doa ming
ng theo khun B. Tng t nh khun A vic doa khong 3s. Sau xy lanh
Cyl.2 tr v v tr c bn ca n v xy lanh Cyl.4 cng rt khun B v v t
215
11 iu khin trnh t
Chu Ch c
khun A v v tr sn sng cho ng kim loi k tip. Sau khi ming ng

c doa theo khun B xong th xy lanh kp ng Cyl.1 co v th ng kim loi
khi hm kp. Xy lanh Cyl.2 c y tr v v tr chn ming ng. Mt chu k
mi li c th bt u.
BT 11.6
Bn trn
Hai loi cht lng khc nhau c trn v c nung nng n mt nhit
xc nh theo s cng ngh nh hnh v.
M t hot ng:
Sau khi nt nhn S0 c tc ng th van Y1 m cho cht lng A vo
bn n cng tc gii hn mc S2 th ng li. Sau ng c khuy c
cp in v van Y2 c m. Khi cng tc gii hn mc S3 tc ng th van
Y2 ng li v in tr nung H c cp in. Cm bin nhit S4 thng bo
nhit t n nhit cho trc th in tr nung v ng c khuy mt
in v van Y3 c m. Khi cng tc bo mc S1 thng bo rng bn x
ht th van Y3 ng li v mt qu trnh mi c lp li nu nt nhn S0
c tc ng.
S cng ngh:
Hnh 11.17: Bn trn

Bng iu khin:
216
Chu Ch c
11 iu khin trnh t
I1
T ng/tay
I2
Chp nhn ch
I3
Cho php hot ng
I4
Dng
Bo ch t ng
Q4
Hin th bc
Q3
Bng k hiu:
K hiu
a ch
Q2
Q1
Q0
Ch thch
Cc bin vo
I1
I1.1
Cng tc tay/t ng
I2
I1.2
Chp nhn ch
I3
I1.3
Cho php hot ng
I4
I1.4
Dng
S0
I0.0
Nt nhn khi ng
S1
I0.1
Cng tc hnh trnh bo mc cht lng 1 (bn rng)
S2
I0.2
Cng tc hnh trnh bo mc cht lng 2
S3
I0.3
Cng tc hnh trnh bo mc cht lng 3
S4
I0.4
Cm bin nhit
Cc bin ra
Q0
Q0.6
Ch th b gi tr 1
Q1
Q0.7
Ch th bc gi tr 2
Q2
Q1.0
Ch th bc gi tr 4
Q4
Q1.1
Ch th ch t ng
Y1
Q0.0
Van Y1, van m Q0.0=1
Y2
Q0.1
Y3
Q0.2
Q0.3
in tr nung
Q0.4
ng c khuy
217
12 An ton trong PLC
Chu Ch c
12 An ton trong PLC
12.1
Khi nim v mc ch
An ton ca mt thit b in khng ch ch i vi PLC m cn ch

n tng th cc hot ng bn ngoi my mc v thit b. S an ton ca
mt trang b in phi c thc hin khng ph thuc vo loi iu khin, v
d iu khin bng contactor hay PLC.
Khi nim an ton c hiu theo ngha kh nng ca mt h thng c
tc dng trong mt gii hn cho trc trong mt khong thi gian xc nh m
khng c nguy him xy ra. An ton ch c th t c trong khong gii hn
cho trc. Cc gii hn ny thuc v cc iu kin mi trng nh:
-
Nhit
S tc ng c kh
Bo dng ng
S dng ng
Thi gian hot ng
Mc ch ca an ton l:
-
Khng gy nguy him n tnh mng v sc khe con ngi
Bo m cho my mc, thit b trc cc s c ng tic
Bnh thng trong cc trng hp li
12.2
H hng PLC
Trong thc t ch ra rng 95% tt c cc h hng l do thit b ngoi

vi. Cc h hng c th l:
-
t dy dn n thit b hay khu iu chnh
Cc h hng c cu chp hnh nh nt nhn, cng tc, cng

tc hnh trnh.
H hng khu iu chnh.
Cn i vi h hng do PLC gy ra th vo khong 5%. Hu ht l do

cc khi vo/ra, b x l trung tm hay ngun cung cp.
H hng cc thit b iu khin c phn b nh sau:
218
Chu Ch c
H hng
do PLC
5%
12 An ton trong PLC
10%
Cc chc nng
trung tm
Thanh ghi
25%
B nh
H hng
ngoi vi
95%
25%
90%
Ng vo/ra
Bus h thng
25%
Ngun cung cp
25%
T s trn, ta c th phn on c cc li xut hin u

tm li thit b ngoi vi hay PLC.
Cc li ngoi vi c th nhn bit, nu:

-
Tt c cc ng vo/ra ca PLC c LED hin th
Vi s gip ca thit b lp trnh (t ch Online)
Nu cc thng bo li c th c thc hin vi phn mm
Cc li PLC c th c nhn bit nu cc trng thi bn trong h thng

c ch th vi cc LED bo trng thi, v d nh:
-
Gim st chng trnh iu khin, iu khin chu k
Kim tra ngun cung cp
Gim st nhit
....
Bn cnh cc li cng c th c in ra dng vn bn d tm li.
12.3 Cc quan im v k thut an ton PLC

12.3.1 Cc li nguy him v khng nguy him
Cc li c th xut hin trong iu khin mt v tr bt k. Khi mt li
xut hin, n c th l li nguy him hay khng nguy him ty thuc vo nh
hng no m n gy ra i vi trng thi tn hiu thc hin
Cc li nguy him c xem l nguy him, nu:

-
Gy hi n s an ton cho con ngi v my mc, thit b
Cc li ny cn phi c ngn nga
Tc dng ca n phi c ngn nga i vi hot ng an ton ca

thit b.
Cc li khng nguy him, nu:
219
12 An ton trong PLC
Khng tc hi n s an ton
N c th c x l, v d vi cc ngt bo li
Ct truyn ng.
Chu Ch c
Cc li nguy him v khng nguy him c th xut hin l li tch cc (tn

hiu 1 ng ra, ng l ra n phi l 0) hoc li khng tch cc (tn hiu
0 ng ra, ng l ra n phi l 1).
12.3.2 Cc cch gii quyt cho hot ng an ton ca thit b iu khin PLC
Khng c mt gii php k thut an ton no c gi tr chung cho tt
c cc vn iu khin, v mi s iu khin c c im ring, iu kin
cng ngh, trnh t hot ng, qui lut v iu kin mi trng. T , i vi
mi thit b phi c quyt nh ly phng php k thut an ton no
trnh c cc s c ng tic cho ngi v my mc. Hin ti vn cha c
gii p tha mn v phn cng v phn mm cho vn an ton.
Cc nh ch to PLC a vo cc chc nng an ton ca thit b
iu khin PLC. Chng gip cho ngi dng trnh c tnh trng ng my
ca thit b t ng thc hin c cht lng v hiu qu cao.
C th tm tt cc cch gii quyt cho hot ng an ton nh sau:
Cu trc PLC an ton
Thit b gim st bn trong h thng ca PLC (gim st hot ng

chng trnh (watch-dog), phng php nh du kim tra).
Thit k ng (s ng mch li, dng khn cp, thi gian gim

st, d phng )
Lp trnh an ton khi t dy
Cc mch an ton cao
Lp mch bo v cc ng ra
Cc mch an ton cao

Cc mch an ton cao l cc thit b iu khin ph c thc hin
ng ra ca PLC cho chc nng an ton. Cc thit b iu khin ny m
nhn chc nng an ton ring cho thit b iu khin
-
Cc kha
Cc kha cn thit trnh cc trng thi ng mch khng mong
mun. C cc loi kha cng khc nhau sau:
* Kha 2 ng vo (hnh 12.10)
Trng hp ny ch s dng i vi cc mch iu khin ng c
quay phi, tri dng contactor. Cn trong PLC khng bt buc.
220
Chu Ch c
12 An ton trong PLC
* Kha ng ra (hnh 12.11)

y cc ng ra c kha cho ln nhau s dng tip im
thng ng. iu ny trnh cho cc contactor iu khin ng c
quay phi v quay tri ng cng lc.
Loi kho ny PLC l loi kha c ch nh bt buc, v hin
tng dnh tip im ca contactor v li lp trnh gy ra.
I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 I0.4 I0.5 I0.6 I0.7
Trai
PLC
24 Vdc
Phai
Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 Q0.4 Q0.5 Q0.6 Q0.7
I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 I0.4 I0.5 I0.6 I0.7
K2
K1
PLC
Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 Q0.4 Q0.5 Q0.6 Q0.7
L+
24 Vdc
K1
K2
Phai Trai
L+
Hnh 12.14: Kha 2 ng vo
Hnh 12.15: Kha 2 ng ra
* Kha do nhn 2 tay cng lc

Dung Nang Ha
S2
S1
S3
Tren Duoi
S4
S5
24 Vdc
I0.0
I0.1
I0.2
I0.3
I0.4
I0.5
I0.6
I0.7
PLC
Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 Q0.4 Q0.5 Q0.6 Q0.7
S10
S11
Tren
Duoi
K1
K2
L+
24 Vdc
Trong kha ny cn phi lp

trnh sao cho vic tc ng
nt nhn trong mt thi gian
xc nh (v d 0,2s).
* Cng tc gii hn an ton
mt thit b nng, nu cng
tc hnh trnh b h hng th
s c nguy him xy ra, v vy
cn phi c cc cng tc
hnh trnh an ton v n bo
tip im b h hng.
Nang Ha
Hnh 12.16: S dng cng tc gii hn an ton

-
Cng tc bo v ng c
Cng tc bo v ng c l mt cng tc 3 cc bo v qu ti cho
ng c. Chng c lp t trc tip vo mch in chnh ca
ng c c iu khin. Tn hiu hi tip v ca cng tc bo v
ng c c ni vo ng vo ca PLC.
221
12 An ton trong PLC
Chu Ch c
L1
L2
L3
N
OFF
F2
ON
S5
S1
F1
K1
Bao ve dong co
24 Vdc
I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 I0.4 I0.5 I0.6 I0.7
PLC
F1
Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 Q0.4 Q0.5 Q0.6 Q0.7
L+
I>> I>> I>>
24 Vdc
K1
M
3~
Hnh 12.17: S dng cng tc bo v ng c trong h thng iu khin bng

PLC
-
Cng tc dng khn cp

Cng tc dng cp phi c tch ra khi khu truyn ng v thit
b iu chnh. Thng qua tc dng ca n c th trnh c s nguy
him cho ngi v thit b.
Tt c cc thit b cnh bo khng c php tt khi c s tc ng
bi nt dng khn cp. Chng gip cho bit trng thi s c xy ra.
Hnh v di y v d mt mch DNG KHN CP.
OFF
L1
F1
F2
F3
~
=
-
S9
S1
ON
K5
S5
K6
24 Vdc
I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 I0.4 I0.5 I0.6 I0.7
PLC
S10
1L
Q0.0 Q0.1
2L
Q0.2 Q0.3
3L
Q0.4 Q0.5
K5
K6
H1
K5
H2
K4
K3
K3
K4
K6
K1
K2
Hnh 12.18: V d mch DNG KHN CP trong h thng iu khin bng

PLC
222
Chu Ch c
12 An ton trong PLC
Cc contactor K1, K2 l cc khu khng nguy him v vy khng cn thit

phi ct mch bng nt dng khn cp S9. Cc n H1, H2 l cc thit b
cnh bo. Cc contactor K3, K4 dng iu khin cc ng c, y l khu
nguy him nn nht thit phi b ct in nu nt dng khn cp S9 c n.
Khi nt dng khn cp S9 c tc ng th cc contactor K5, K6 mt in,
cc tip im K5, K6 c ni vi ng vo I0.4 (dng cho dng khn cp) s
tr v trng thi bnh thng (thng h), thng qua chng trnh K3 v K4
s b mt in.
Lp trnh an ton khi t dy

Lp trnh an ton khi t dy c ngha l khi t dy mt tn hiu ng
vo th cng khng c nguy him xy ra. V d trong hnh 3.15 l trng
hp t dy s khng xy ra s c nguy him.
S t dy c th gy ra tc dng nguy him, nu tn hiu 0 ngn cn
s ct truyn ng, ng mch truyn ng hoc ngn cn cc cnh bo
nguy him. Ngc li s t dy c th khng gy nguy him, tn hiu
0 ct truyn ng, ngn cn s ng mch truyn ng v ng cc
cnh bo nguy him, mc d khng c nguy him tn ti.
T s suy on ny c th a ra cc yu cu sau cho cc tn hiu ng vo:

-
B pht tn hiu truyn ng phi c tn hiu 1 khi tc ng n (vd:

tip im thng h).
B pht tn hiu ct truyn ng khi tc ng phi c tn hiu 0 (vd:

tip im thng ng).
-
OFF
S1
t dy to ra
tn hiu 0
I0.0
PLC
Q0.0
K1
Hnh 12.19: S c t dy
khng nguy him
B pht tn hiu cnh bo nguy him,

khi tc ng hay biu th nguy him phi
c tn hiu 0 ng vo PLC
Nu mt b pht tn hiu trong iu

khin thi hnh nhiu chc nng th cn phi
c xem xt, chc nng no cn c thc
hin trc cng nh chc nng no biu din
s quan trng k thut an ton. y phi
t ra cu hi: S iu khin xy ra nh th
no khi t dy?
Vi s xem xt c tnh nguyn tc ny
cho php thit b iu khin t chng trnh
thc hin an ton cc bc tip theo. Nu
cc yu cu an ton c t cao hn, th li
nguy him phi c nhn bit thng qua cc
bin php ph v ngn cn cc tc dng ca
n.
12.4 Bo v cc ng ra PLC
223
12 An ton trong PLC
Chu Ch c
Trng hp cc ng ra ca PLC ni vi cc cun khng th cn phi bo

v cho chng trnh hin tng qu p khi ng ra mt in. Ty theo ng ra
c thit k cho ng dng m c th s dng cc linh kin thch hp bo
v.
12.4.1 Bo v ng ra dng Transistor
Ng ra S7-200 DCTransistor c diode zenner bo v cho n. Vic lp
thm mt diode bn ngoi cng gip cho vic bo v ng ra khi ti mc vi
cun cm trnh qu p trn cc diode ni. C hai cch lp cc mch bo
v nh hnh 12.20 v 12.21 (trch t s tay S7-200). Trong trng hp ny
cng c th s dng mch bo v dng diode hoc diode kt hp vi zenner
nhng in p UZ ca Zenner phi ly n 36V.
Diode 1N4001
hoc tng
ng
Hinh 4.20: Mch bo v ng ra

Cun dy
transistor vi
diode
zener 8.2V ;
5W
Hinh 4.21: Mch bo v ng ra

dy
transistor vi Cun
diode
zenner
12.4.2 Bo v ng ra Rle c ngun iu khin DC

Trong trng hp ny ngi ta thng s dng mng in tr/t in v
in p iu khin c th n 30VDC.
12.4.3 Bo v ng ra Rle v ng ra AC c ngun iu khin AC
Khi s dng rle hoc ng ra AC ng ct ti 115V/220 VAC, th
c th bo v bng in tr/t in hoc cng c th s dng Varistor gii
hn in p nh nhng ch rng in p lm vic ca Varistor t nht phi
ln hn 20% in p lm vic bnh thng.
y minimum
Cun dy
y K l 0.5 F/A n 1 F/A
Hnh 12.18: Mch bo v dng in tr/t in cho ng ra relay c ngun iu

khin DC
R>0.5 x Vrms i vi rle
C = 0.002 F n 0.005 F
i vi mi 10 VA ca ti
Cun dy
Hnh 12.19: Mch bo v ng ra relay c ngun iu khin AC.
224
Chu Ch c
12.5
12 An ton trong PLC
Cu hi v bi tp
BT 12.1: Hy gii thch ti sao nt nhn dng phi l thng ng v nt

nhn khi ng phi l thng h?
BT 12.2: Hy cho bit iu g xy ra nu mt nt nhn thng ng c
s dng m my trong mt h thng khi dy ni vi nt nhn b t? V
iu g xy ra cho mt h thng c nt nhn thng h c s dng lm nt
nhn dng khi dy ni vi nt nhn b t?
BT 12.3: Hy v s ni dy cho PLC c cc ng vo c ni vi mt
cm bin PNP v mt cm bin NPN. Cc ng ra c ni vi hai n bo
cng sut nh 24VDC, hai relay 24VDC iu khin hai contactor tng
ng. Trong mch c gn h thng dng khn cp.
BT 12.4: Hy v s in v s kh nn cho mt h thng iu khin
bng PLC. H thng bao gm cc linh kin c lit k di y. Trong mch
c gn h thng dng khn cp.
-
Mt ng c 3 pha/50 HP
Mt cm bin NPN
Mt nt nhn thng h (NO)
Mt cng tc hnh trnh thng ng (NC)
Hai n bo cng sut thp 24VDC
Mt van c 2 cun dy 24VDC.
225
13 Chuyn iu khin kt ni cng sang iu khin bng PLC
13
Chu Ch c
Chuyn iu khin kt ni cng sang

iu khin bng PLC.
13.1 Kt ni ng vo/ ra ca PLC t mt s iu khin c tip im

Trong nhiu trng hp, cn ci to mt h thng iu khin vi relay
v contactor thnh h thng iu khin vi PLC. Mt cu hi t ra l chng ta
cn gi li nhng phn no trong h thng iu khin, cn phn no s loi
b i?
d dng trong vic chuyn i, c th p dng phng php sau
chuyn i t mt h thng iu khin c sang iu khin vi PLC:
V phn cng:
-
Xc nh cc b to tn hiu (v d: nt nhn, cng tc, cm bin . . .)

cn thit nht trong h thng iu khin, mi b to tn hiu ty theo
loi to ra tn hiu no nn c kt ni vi mt ng vo ca PLC
tng ng, v d nu b to ra tn hiu nh phn th c kt ni vi
cc ng vo s, cn b to ra tn hiu tng t th kt ni vi ng vo
tng t (ng vo analog). Cn cc b to tn hiu cn li nu khng
cn thit th c th b i v s c thc hin bng chng trnh
trong PLC.
Tng t xc nh cc c cu chp hnh (i tng iu khin) cn

thit nht, thng thng cc i tng ny l cc n bo, contactor
chnh, van t, .v.v.. Tu theo loi m mi i tng iu khin c th
kt ni trc tip hoc gin tip vi cc ng ra tng ng, mi mt i
tng iu khin cn mt ng ra. Nu cc i tng iu khin cn
dng iu khin ln th yu cu phi s dng r le trung gian. V d
nh cc contactor chnh iu khin cc ng c cng sut ln th ng
ra ca PLC s c ni vi mt r le trung gian v thng qua tip
im ca r le trung gian iu khin cc contactor ny. Cn cc i
tng iu khin khng tc ng trc tip n qu trnh iu khin m
ch ng vai tr trung gian h tr cho qu trnh iu khin nh r le
trung gian th c th loi b v c thay th bng mt nh no
trong chng trnh ca PLC.
Sau khi xc nh c s lng cc ng vo, ng ra cn thit v

h thng in cung cp cho phn iu khin th tin hnh n vic la
chn loi PLC ph hp.
226
Chu Ch c
Thit lp bng xc nh cc ng vo/ra vi cc ngoi vi tng ng v

ch ghi ch li cng chi tit cng tt.
Thc hin vic ni dy cc ng vo, ng ra ca PLC vi cc b to tn

hiu iu khin v i tng iu khin. Trong qu trnh ni dy cn
lu n cc nguyn tc an ton trong h thng iu khin (xem mc 4.3).
Tt c vic kt ni dy trong h thng iu khin trc y s c

bin i thnh chng trnh trong PLC.
V phn mm:
Vic vit chng trnh c th thc hin theo hai cch:
Cch 1: Ty theo yu cu cng ngh m c th thit lp gii thut iu
khin v vit chng trnh theo gii thut iu khin ny.
Cch 2: Vn duy tr hot ng ca h thng nh c, hay ni khc i l
khng cn thit phi lp li gii thut iu khin v tt c c thit k
trong s iu khin cng trc y m ch cn bin i s iu
khin ny thnh chng trnh trong PLC. Cch ny tng i d dng v
c th khng b li khi lp trnh.
Trong phn ny trnh by phng php chuyn i theo cch 2 theo cc
bc nh sau:
-
Thc hin vit chng trnh ln lt cho mi i tng iu khin,

mi i tng iu khin c vit mt on chng trnh v c ghi
ch c th d dng sa li.
Ch c cc iu kin cn thit nht cho i tng iu khin mi c

vit vo on chng trnh iu khin n.
Nu mt s i tng iu khin c cng chung mt nhm iu kin,

th nhm iu kin ny nn c c vit ring mt on chng
trnh v ct kt qu vo mt nh trong PLC. Nu i tng iu
khin no cn nhm iu kin ny th ch cn ly kt qu c cha
trong nh. iu ny gip cho cu trc chng trnh mch lc v vic
c chng trnh tr nn d dng hn.
Cc i tng iu khin khng cn thit (v d contactor trung gian)

s c thay th bng mt nh trong PLC. Nu cc i tng iu
khin no cn n tip im ca r le trung gian ny th ch cn thay
th bng tip im ca nh.
Ty theo h thng iu khin c phc tp hay khng m c th phn

chia thnh nhiu khi chng trnh d dng trong qu trnh qun l.
Hnh 13.1 l mt v d v vic chuyn i mt s iu khin ca ra

vo c quan bng contactor thnh h thng iu khin vi PLC (ch dng li
vic chuyn i kt ni dy, cn chng trnh thc hin cc chng sau).
Da vo cc bc trn, ta nhn thy cc nt nhn, contactor cn thit
dc gi li nh trong bng xc nh kt ni vo/ra vi ngoi vi v PLC c
chn y l loi CPU 224 DC/DC/relay. Do contactor K1 v K2 khng c
227
Chu Ch c
php c in ng thi nn theo quan im an ton cn phi kha cho hai

contactor ny li vi nhau.
Bng xc nh kt ni vo/ra vi ngoi vi
K hiu
a ch
Ch thch
S0
I0.0
Nt nhn dng, thng ng
S1
I0.1
Nt nhn m ca, thng h
S2
I0.2
Nt nhn ng ca, thng h
S3
I0.3
Cng tc hnh trnh gii hn ca m, thng ng
S4
I0.4
Cng tc hnh trnh gii hn ca ng, thng ng
K1
Q0.0
Cun dy contactor K1, iu khin m ca
K2
Q0.1
Cun dy contactor K2, iu khin ng ca
H1
Q0.2
n bo ca ang m
H2
Q0.3
n bo ca ang ng
24Vdc
F1
S0
S1
S2
S3
S4
S0
S2
S1
24Vdc
I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 I0.4 I0.5 I0.6 I0.7
K2
K1
S3
K1 K2
PLC
Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 Q0.4 Q0.5 Q0.6 Q0.7
S4
K2
K1
K1
K2
0V
a)
K2
H1
H2
K1
K1
K2
H1
24Vdc
H2
b)
Hnh 13.1: Kt ni ng vo/ ra ca PLC t mt s iu khin c tip im

13.2
Chuyn i iu khin t contactor thnh PLC
Contactor l mt chuyn mch bng in. Ty theo loi v phm vi ng

dng m n c phn thnh 2 loi l contactor chnh v contactor ph.
Contactor chnh l contactor chu ti, n c s dng ng, ct in
cho ti nh ng c, thit b chiu sng, thit b nung, van t, thng v.v
Trong ng dng vi iu khin bng PLC th contactor chnh l thit b khng
th thiu.
228
Chu Ch c
Cotactor ph ch c s dng tng thm tip im trong mch iu

khin. Chnh v th trong vic iu khin vi PLC th cc contactor ph c
thay th bng cc nh (bit Memory) trong chng trnh PLC.
Cc b nh thi (timer) nh ng mch chm hoc m mch chm trong
mch iu khin vi relay v contactor s khng cn thit trong iu khin vi
PLC, chng s c thay th bng cc timer tng ng trong chng trnh
PLC.
Trong vic chuyn i, cc b to ra tn hiu nh nt nhn, cng tc,
cng tc hnh trnh, cm bin v.v tht s cn thit s c gi li. Cn
nhng tip im khng cn thit s c x l thng qua chng trnh.
Vic thc hin chuyn i t iu khin bng contactor thnh PLC c th
xem chng 4 (kt ni dy PLC vi ngoi vi). Ngoi ra cn ch thm mt s
im sau:
-
Cc tip im c ni song song tng ng l cc cng OR trong

chng trnh PLC
Cc tip im c ni ni tip tng ng l cc cng AND.
V phng din an ton trnh s c do t dy th cc nt nhn

m my phi l thng h (loi NO (Normal Opened)). Cc nt
nhn dng my phi l thng ng (loi NC (Normal Closed)).
Mi nt nhn, cng tc, cm bin v.v ty theo nhim v c th

ni vi mt ng vo (iu ny c ngha l khng nht thit mt b
to ra tn hiu nh phn phi ni vi mt ng vo s).
Mi mt ng ra ca PLC s c kt ni vi mt i tng iu
khin nh n bo, cun dy relay, cun dy contactor. Tuy nhin
cn phi ch n phng din an ton v in p iu khin.
Nu in p cun dy relay, n bo hoc cun dy contactor khc
vi in p ca cc ng ra th bt buc phi s dng relay lm thit
b trung gian.
H iu hnh trong PLC hon ton khng bit u l tip im

thng ng u l tip im thng h m ch bit ng vo PLC
c in p (mc logic 1) hay khng c in p (mc logic 0).
Cho nn khi vit chng trnh cn c bit ch n vn ny
(xem li k chng 7 php ton nh phn).
Khi s dng vi cc lnh S v R trong chng trnh PLC cn ch

cc qui tc sau:
o
Cc iu kin lm cho i tng iu khin mc tch cc

(logic 1) c s dng vi lnh S.
Cc iu kin lm cho i tng iu khin mc khng tch

cc (logic 0) c s dng vi lnh R.
Khi vit lnh S cho mt i tng iu khin th nht thit (ty

theo yu cu cng ngh) phi c mt lnh R cho i tng
iu khin .
229
Chu Ch c
Nu lnh S c vit trc lnh R th kt qu thu c s l

kt qu ca lnh R nu c hai iu kin cho S v R cng
mc logic 1 ngha l i tng iu khin mc logic 0.
Nu lnh R c vit trc lnh S th kt qu thu c s l

kt qu ca lnh S nu c hai iu kin cho S v R cng
mc logic 1 ngha l i tng iu khin mc logic 1.
Khi vit chng trnh vi lnh S th khng c s dng

tip im t duy tr (loi b tip im t duy tr).
Ty theo cng ngh khi s dng cc iu kin cho lnh R th

trng thi bnh thng cc iu kin ny phi c mc logic
0.
13.2.1 iu khin thit b b cng sut phn khng

S mch ng lc v iu khin
Hnh 13.1: Mch ng lc ca thit b ng t b.
Hnh 13.2: S mch iu khin bng contactor thit b ng t b
230
Chu Ch c
M t:
Ty theo yu cu m cc t b cng sut phn khng C1, C2, C3, C4
s c ng vo li in. C mi ln n nt nhn S1 th mt b t b c
ng vo li in. ct t b ra khi li th n nt nhn S2.
Thc hin vi PLC:
Phn tch:
Trong mch iu khin s dng 2 nt nhn S1 v S2, y l cc nt
nhn cn thit ng v ct t b cho nn cn phi gi li. Nh vy thc
hin iu khin bng PLC ta s dng 2 ng vo s kt ni vi 2 nt nhn
ny.
Trong s mch iu khin trn gm c 4 contactor chnh K8, K9,
K10, K11. y l cc thit b khng th thiu v bt buc phi gi li ng
ct t vi li in. iu khin 4 contactor ny ta s dng 4 ng ra ca
PLC.
Ch : n gin v khng lp li nhng m t nh trong chng 7,
cc bi tp ny c s dng vi CPU 224 AC/DC/Relay.
iu khin 4 contactor chnh theo nhim v t ra cn n 7
contactor ph K1A, K2A, K3A, K4A, K5A, K6A, K7A. Cc contactor ph ny l
cc thit b h tr trong iu khin bng contactor v vy khng cn thit phi
gi li. N s c thay th bng cc nh trong PLC.
i vi mch ny, ngi thit k c th s dng hai cch lp trnh
Cch 1: Chuyn thnh chng trnh theo nh s iu khin trnh by
Cch 2: Theo yu cu cng ngh t ra
r rng, ta s thc hin theo 2 cch
Cch 1: theo s mch iu khin contactor c sn
tin li trong qu trnh chuyn i ta nn lp mt bng k hiu
kt ni gia PLC v cc thit b ngoi vi cng nh cc qui i tng ng.
Khi lp bng k hiu nn ghi ch y thng tin d dng trong
qu trnh vit chng trnh.
Bng k hiu
K hiu
a ch (PLC)
Ch thch
Bin ng vo
S1
I0.0
Nt nhn ng t b vo li in, thng h
S2
I0.1
Nt nhn ct t b khi li in, thng h
K8
Q0.0
Contactor chnh K8, ng t b C1
K9
Q0.1
Bin ng ra
231
K10
Q0.2
K11
Q0.3
Chu Ch c
Bin trung gian

K1A
M0.1
Contactor ph K1A
K2A
M0.2
Contactor ph K2A
K3A
M0.3
Contactor ph K3A
K4A
M0.4
Contactor ph K4A
K5A
M0.5
Contactor ph K5A
K6A
M0.6
Contactor ph K6A
K7A
M0.7
Contactor ph K7A
Kt ni dy vi PLC:
Hnh 13.3: Ni dy cc ngoi vi vi ng vo ra PLC khi iu khin bng PLC

Chng trnh PLC LAD:
232
Chu Ch c
233
Chng trnh PLC STL:
234
Chu Ch c
Chu Ch c
Cch 2: Theo yu cu cng ngh

Theo cch thc iu khin t ra, c mi ln tc ng S1 th mt
contactor chnh c ng in, tc ng S2 th ct in tan b.
Mc ch ca vic thm cc contactor ph l tng thm s lng
tip im. Nu thc hin bng chng trnh ta c th a trc tip ra cc ng
ra t Q0.0 n Q0.3 m khng cn phi qua cc nh M0.4 n M0.7. M0.3
cng c th loi b, thay th trc tip bng nt nhn S2 (I0.1).
T vic phn tch mch iu khin, ta c th lm cho chng trnh
c n gin hn. Ngoi ra ta thay th lun mch t duy tr bng mt khu
SR.
Chng trnh by gi rt n gin nh sau:
Chng trnh c vit LAD:
235
Chng trnh vit STL:
236
Chu Ch c
Chu Ch c
13.2.2 Thit b nghin

Phn ny trnh by mt khu trong h thng iu khin sn xut gm
l vn chuyn vt liu nghin. Vt liu nghin t ci nghin s c bng ti
vn chuyn vo mt xe t di bng ti.
Qu trnh vn chuyn vt liu c nghin c khi ng nu xe
vo v tr vn chuyn v nt nhn S1 c n. m bo an ton th
237
Chu Ch c
trc tin bng ti phi hot ng trc 2 giy sau mi ng in cho ci

nghin.
Khi xe y (c bo bi cm bin cn) th ci nghin ngay lp tc b
ngt in. Bng ti cn tip tc vn chuyn cho ht vt liu trn bng ti
xung xe vi thi gian l 3 giy.
Trong qu trnh hot ng c th dng bng nt nhn S0.
S cng ngh:
v
Hnh 13.4: S cng ngh thit b nghin
S mch ng lc v iu khin bng contactor:
Hnh 13.5: Mch ng lc v iu khin bng contactor ca thit b nghin.

Contactor chnh K1 iu khin ng c M1 ca bng ti, contactor
chnh K2 iu khin ng c M2 ca ci nghin.
238
Chu Ch c
Phn tch:
Trong mch iu khin s dng cc nt nhn S0, S1, cng tc hnh
trnh S2, tn hiu bo xe y S3. y l cc tn hiu iu khin khng th loi
b. Cn phi c 4 ng vo cho cc tn hiu ny. Ngoi ra cn c tn hiu bo
v qu dng ng c l F2 v F4 cng cn c ni vi cc ng vo. Mt
iu cn ch l cc nt nhn, cng tc hnh trnh, tip im bo v qu
dng l cc khu c kh cho nn khng th thay i c m phi s dng li
(ngha l gi nguyn tnh nguyn thy ca n). Nn khi chuyn thnh chng
trnh th vn m bo hot ng ng theo yu cu cng ngh m s mch
iu khin bng contator th hin v khng c s thay i no vi cc b pht
tn hiu ny.
Cc contactor chnh K1 v K2 cn phi c 2 ng ra iu khin
Contactor ph K3A c thay th bng mt nh.
Cc b nh thi K4T c thay th bng mt timer OFF delay, K5T
c thay th bng mt timer ON delay.
Bng k hiu
K hiu
a ch (PLC)
Ch thch
Bin ng vo
S0
I0.0
Nt nhn dng, thng ng (NC)
S1
I0.1
Nt nhn khi ng h thng, thng h (NO)
S2
I0.2
Cng tc hnh trnh, bo xe ng v tr (NO)
S3
I0.3
Tn hiu bo xe y, thng ng (NC)
F2
I0.4
Tip im bo v qu dng M1, (NC)
F4
I0.5
Tip im bo v qu dng M2, (NC)
Bin ng ra
K1
Q0.0
Contactor chnh K1, iu khin .c nghin M1
K2
Q0.1
Contactor chnh K2, iu khin .c bng ti M2
Bin trung gian

K3A
M0.0
Contactor ph K3A
B nh thi
K4T
T37
OFF delay timer, nh thi dng bng ti, 3s
K5T
T38
ON ddelay timer, nh thi khi ng M1, 2s
Kt ni dy vi PLC:
239
Hnh 13.6: S ni dy ngoi vi vi ng vo ra ca PLC

Chng trnh PLC LAD:
240
Chu Ch c
Chu Ch c
Chng trnh PLC STL:
13.3
iu khin kh nn
Trong k thut iu khin bng kh nn, ngi ta phn bit cc phn

t iu khin sau:
-
Khu tn hiu: Pht ra tn hiu khi phn t iu khin t n mt

gi tr xc nh i vi cc i lng vt l.
Khu iu khin: Phn ng li theo cc tn hiu n v c nh

hng n trng thi ca khu iu chnh.
Khu iu chnh: iu khin dng nng lng sinh cng v thay i

trng thi ca cc phn t lm vic.
Nu thc hin thay th mch iu khin kh nn bng chng trnh

iu khin PLC, th khu iu chnh iu khin cho cc phn t lm vic by
gi in t. D cc van xung in t hay van in t s dng l xo c s
dng, th n cn ph thuc vo yu cu cng ngh v an ton. Khi chuyn i
thnh chng trnh PLC th cc khu ny cn gi li.
Van xung trong k thut iu khin kh nn c hai ng vo iu khin
v c c tnh nh. Theo cch thc hot ng c th so snh n vi khu nh
RS. Vic chuyn i tht s n gin nu ta thay tt c van xung bng khu
nh RS. Ng vo iu khin ca khu iu chnh SET ca van tng ng vi
iu kin cho set, v ng vo cn li tng ng vi reset ca khu RS.
Van xung s dng 2 cun dy t. iu khin, mt cun dy s s
dng ng ra khng o ca khu nh RS. Cn cun dy th hai ta s dng
ng ra o ca khu nh RS.
Ty theo yu cu cng ngh m mch iu khin kh nn m nhn,
m ta c th s dng hng iu khin cho cc van tng ng. Sau khi tt c
c xc nh, mch iu khin kh nn c th c chuyn i trc tip
thnh chng trnh LAD.
Mt s qui tc cn ch :
241
Chu Ch c
Khu iu chnh ca xylanh lm vic c thay th bng van in t.
Tt c cc van xung c thay th bng khu nh RS.
Xc nh c tnh logic ca mch.
Chuyn i mch thnh chng trnh PLC.
13.3.1 My un thanh kim loi

Cc thanh kim loi cn c un mt u theo theo mt khun cho
trc (s cng ngh). Qui trnh hot ng ca my nh sau:
-
Thanh kim loi cn un c t ln khun un
n nt khi ng S0 th xy lanh Cyl.1 h xung gi ly thanh

kim loi.
Khi thanh kim loi c gi cht (nhn bit bi cng tc hnh trnh
S2) th xy lanh Cyl.2 h xung un thanh kim loi vung gc
trc. Sau khi un xong th t ng nng ln nh cng tc hnh
trnh S4.
Khi xy lanh Cyl.2 tr v v tr c bn (nhn bit bi S3) th xy lanh

Cyl.3 c y un thanh kim loi giai an un cui theo
nh hnh ca khun un. Khi xy lanh Cyl.3 n v tr S6 th t ng
rt ngc v.
Khi xy lanh Cyl.3 rt v n v tr c bn (nhn bit bi S5) th xy

lanh Cyl.1 cng rt v v tr c bn ca n (nhn bit bi S1). Lc
ny thanh kim loi c t do. Ngi s dng c th ly ra v t
mt thanh kim loi mi vo. V mt chu k mi li c th bt u.
S cng ngh:
Hnh 13.7: S cng ngh my un thanh kim loi
242
Chu Ch c
S mch iu khin bng kh nn:
Hnh 13.8: S mch iu khin bng kh nn.

Phn tch:
T s iu khin bng kh nn ta nhn thy cc van xung chnh
trong mch l 1.1, 2.1 v 3.1. Khi chuyn sang iu khin bng chng trnh
nht thit ta phi thay cc van ny bng cc van xung in t c c tnh nh.
Mi van xung in t c 2 cun dy. V vy cn phi c 2 ng ra s iu
khin mi van. Tng cng ta cn c 6 ng ra iu khin 3 van ny. thc
hin iu khin bng chng trnh PLC, cc van xung c thay th bi cc
khu RS, cc ng ra ca cc khu nh c th c s dng iu khin
trc tip cc van xung in t thay th Y1, Y3, v Y5 cng nh Y2, Y4 v Y6
(s cngngh).
Hai van xung 0.1 v 0.2 l hai van h tr trong mch iu khin bng
kh. Hai van ny khng phi l cc van chnh. V vy khi chuyn thnh chng
trnh n s c thay th bng cc nh. Van 0.1 l M0.0, v van 0.2 l
M0.1.
Theo s mch iu khin, ta c:
a1=
M0.0 & M0.1
a2 = M0.0 & M0.1

a3=
M0.0
243
Chu Ch c
Mi v tr ca cc xy lanh u c xc nh bi cc cng tc hnh

trnh (CTHT). Xy lanh Cyl.1 nhn bit bi S1 v S2, xy lanh Cyl.2 nhn bit
bi S3 v S4, xy lanh Cyl.3 nhn bit bi S5 v S6. Cc cng tc hnh trnh
ny khng th thiu trong iu khin. Ngoi ra khi ng cn c nt nhn
S0. Nh vy cn n 7 ng vo s.
Bng k hiu
K hiu
a ch (PLC)
Ch thch
Bin ng vo
S0
I0.0
Nt nhn khi ng, thng h
S1
I0.1
S2
I0.2
S3
I0.3
CTHT nhn bit v tr c bn xy lanh Cyl.1

CTHT nhn bit v tr gi thanh kim loi ca xy
lanh Cyl.1
S4
I0.4
CTHT nhn bit v tr un ca xy lanh Cyl.2
S5
I0.5
S6
I0.6
CTHT nhn bit v tr un ca xy lanh Cyl.3
Y1
Q0.0
iu khin xy lanh Cyl.1 gi thanh kim loi
Y2
Q0.1
a xy lanh Cyl.1 v v tr c bn
Y3
Q0.2
iu khin xy lanh Cyl.2 un vung gc
Y4
Q0.3
Y5
Q0.4
iu khin xy lanh Cyl.3 un theo khun
Y6
Q0.5
Bin ng ra
Bin trung gian

Van 0.1
M0.0
Van 0.1
Van 0.2
M0.1
Van 0.2
Kt ni dy vi PLC:
244
Chu Ch c

Chng trnh PLC LAD:
245
Chng trnh c vit STL:
13.3.2 My doa ming ng kim loi
246
Chu Ch c
Chu Ch c
ng kim loi cn c doa ming theo mt khun cho trc (s cng

ngh). My hot ng nh sau:
Ngi vn hnh t ng kim loi cn doa ming vo v tr sao cho ming
ng phi chm vo c chn ming ng. Sau n nt nhn S0, xy lanh Cyl.1
s kp ng li. khi ng c kp th c chn ming ng t ng rt v. Xy
lanh Cyl.2 s h xung doa ming ng theo khun A. thi gian doa khang 3s.
Sau xy lanh Cyl.2 rt v v khun B c xylanh Cyl.4 a vo. Sau khi
khun B c a vo th xy lanh Cyl.2 h xung doa ming ng theo
khun B. Tng t nh khun A vic doa khong 3s. Sau xy lanh Cyl.2 tr
v v tr c bn ca n v xy lanh Cyl.4 cng rt khun B v v t khun A v
v tr sn sng cho ng kim loi k tip. Sau khi ming ng c doa theo
khun B xong th xy lanh kp ng Cyl.1 co v th ng kim loi khi hm kp.
Xy lanh Cyl.2 c y tr v v tr chn ming ng. Mt chu k mi li c th
bt u.
S cng ngh:
Hnh 13.10: S cng ngh my doa mig ng kim loi.

S mch iu khin kh nn:
247

2.1
4.3
3.3
3.2
1.0
4.2
2.0
3.4
3.0
4.0
3.02
2.02
2.1
1.1
Chu Ch c
3.6
3.1
4.1
3.5
3.2
4.2
4.3
3.7
a1
a2
a3
a4
0.3
0.5
3.3
0.2
3.4
0.4
0.1
1.2
Khi ng
Hnh 13.11: Mch iu khin bng kh nn my doa ming ng kim loi.

Phn tch:
T s iu khin bng kh nn ta nhn thy cc van xung chnh
trong mch l 1.1, 3.1 v 4.1 s c thay th bng cc van xung in t, v
trong chng trnh PLC s s dng cc khau RS. iu khin cc van ny
ta cn 2 ng ra
Van 2.1 trong s c thay th bng van in t c l xo hi phc
v tr. iu khin van ny ta dng mt ng ra.
Ba van xung 0.1, 0.2 v 0.3 l cc van h tr trong mch iu khin
bng kh. N c thay th bng cc nh. Van 0.1 l M0.0, van 0.2 l M0.1,
v van 0.3 l M0.2.
Theo s iu khin th:
a1 =
M0.0 & M0.1 & M0.2
a2 =
M0.0 & M0.1 & M0.2
a3 = M0.0 & M0.1

a4 =
248
M0.0
Chu Ch c
Khu iu chnh tr 3.5 c thay th bng mt timer.

Theo s cng ngh ta cn n 6 CTHT v mt nt nhn khi ng
t S0 n S6 . Nh vy cn n 7 ng vo s.
Bng k hiu
K hiu
a ch (PLC)
Ch thch
Bin ng vo
S0
I0.0
Nt nhn khi ng, thng h
S1
I0.1
S2
I0.2
S3
I0.3

CTHT nhn bit v tr gi ng kim loi ca xy lanh
Cyl.1
CTHT nhn bit v tr rt v ca xy lanh Cyl.2
S4
I0.4
CTHT nhn bit v tr rt v ca xy lanh Cyl.3
S5
I0.5
CTHT nhn bit v tr doa ca xy lanh Cyl.3
S6
I0.6
CTHT nhn bit v tr y ca xy lanh Cyl.4
Y1
Q0.0
y xy lanh Cyl.1
Y2
Q0.1
Rt xy lanh Cyl.1 v
Y3
Q0.2
Rt xy lanh Cyl.2 v
Y4
Q0.3
y xy lanh Cyl.3
Y5
Q0.4
Rt xy lanh Cyl.3 v
Y6
Q0.5
y xy lanh Cyl.4
Y7
Q0.6
Rt xy lanh Cyl.4 v
Bin ng ra
Bin trung gian

Van 0.1
M0.0
Van 0.1
Van 0.2
M0.1
Van 0.2
Van 0.3
M0.1
Van 0.3
B nh thi
Delay
T37
3.5
ON delay timer, nh thi doa, 3s
Kt ni dy vi PLC:
249

Chng trnh vit LAD:
250
Chu Ch c
Chu Ch c
Chng trnh vit STL:
251
252
Chu Ch c
Chu Ch c
13.4
Cu hi v bi tp
BT 13.1 iu khin l nhit bng nt nhn

Hai l nhit cn iu khin bng mt nt nhn. ln nhn u tin,
th l nhin th nht hot ng. ln nhn th hai th l nhit th hai c
a vo hot ng. V ln nhn th ba th c hai l nhit cng tt. Cc l
nhit c cung cp in thng qua cc contactor K11 v K12. Ngoi ra cc
n tn hiu H11 v H12 dng bo l nhit tng ng ang hot ng.
Mch iu khin:
253
Hy chuyn sang iu khin s dng PLC theo cc yu cu sau:

1. Thit lp bng k hiu.
2. V s kt ni dy vi PLC
3. Vit chng trnh iu khin theo hai cch:
a. S kt ni dy cng
b. Theo yu cu cng ngh
BT 13.2 iu khin n qung co
n qung co cn c iu khin nh sau:
ng cng tc S1.
Sau 10s n E1 sng
Sau 20s n E2 sng
Sau 30s n E3 sng
Sau 40s tt c cc n u tt
Sau bt u t ng li chu k mi
a. S kt ni dy cng
S mch ng lc:
254
Chu Ch c
Chu Ch c
S mch iu khin:
L1
S1
K7T
K1
K2
K4T
K5T
K6T
K4T
K1
K5T
K2
K6T
K3
K7T
BT 13.3 My khoan
Mt mu g cn c khoan mt l gia. S cng ngh
khoan mu g c cho nh hnh v.
S cng ngh:
255
Chu Ch c
S iu khin bng kh nn:

2.2
3.2
2.3
1.0
1.02
1.01
1.3
3.0
2.0
1.4
3.3
2.02
1.1
2.1
4.0
3.1
4.1
1.3
2.2
3.2
a1
a2
a3
0.3
2.3
0.2
1.1.0
3.3
1.4
1.2
START
0.1

a. S kt ni dy cng
256
Chu Ch c
14
14 Cc php ton c bn trong iu khin s
Cc php ton c bn trong iu khin s
Cc h thng iu khin logic trong thc t x l vi cc d liu nh phn.

c im ca cc my tnh iu khin hin nay l x l d liu, cht lng
iu khin, v.v... ngy cng tng vi b x l d liu s s dng PLC.
Cc bin qu trnh s c th c tm thy trong tt c lnh vc ca iu
vng h nh trong cc thit b c kt ni cho hot ng qu trnh v gim
st hoc trong iu khin ca cc thit b trng. Mc ch ca gim st qu
trnh l cung cp thng tin v my mc hoc h thng hot ng nhanh chng,
ngn gn v r rng theo tng pht, cng nh s ng lc can thip, iu
khin v tc ng n qu trnh.
Trong hu ht cc iu khin n gin trc y, cc thit b vo ra nh
mn hin th 7-on v cc nt nhn xoay s c s dng hin th v
nhp gi tr s. Ngy nay cc thit b thao tc v gim st thng minh thng
c kt ni vi PLC.
Ngy nay cc thit b x l, thu thp d liu v iu khin qu trnh c
cung cp trc tip vi cc bin s thng qua h thng bus trng. Vic kt ni
cc thit b trng, nh bin tn hay h thng cn, s dng cc module vo
ra analog cng ngy cng khng c s dng na.
Tu thuc vo kiu thit b c kt ni, nhiu dng s khc nhau m
ha d liu c s dng truyn d liu gia thit b v PLC, cng nh
lu tr v x l d liu trong PLC.
14.1
Cc dng s trong PLC
14.1.1 Kiu d liu Integer (INT)

Gi tr kiu d liu Integer hon ton l gi tr s khng c du chm thp
phn. S7-200 lu tr gi tr d liu kiu Integer c du m 16 bit. Phm vi
ca s integer l -32768 n +32767.
STEP 7 s dng dng hin th Decimal (khng phi BCD) xc nh
cc hng s ca kiu d liu Integer. N cng c m t dng c du v
khng du. Theo nguyn l th c th s dng cc gi tr integer hng s biu
257
Chu Ch c
din dng Binary v Hexadecimal, nhng v khng r rng, nn chng

khng cn ph hp na. V l do ny, c php ca STEP7 ch cung cp gi tr
ca integer biu din decimal.
V d: Biu din s +662 v -662
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7
DEC: + 662
6 5
4 3 2 1 0
BIN.: 2# 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
+29
Du
ca s
dng
HEX:
16 #0 2 9 6
Khng du
+24
6 x 160 = 6
9 x 161 = 144
2
= 512
2 x 16
662
+22 1
+2
+ 662
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7
DEC: - 662
6 5
4 3 2 1 0
BIN.: 2# 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0
Du
ca s
m
HEX:
16# F D 6 A
Khng du
Biu din s
b hai
Hnh 14.1: Biu din s integer

Trong h thng my tnh s, tt c cc gi tr c lu tr dng m
binary. Ch cc s 0 v 1 c s dng trong h thng s nh phn. C s 2
ca h thng s ny l kt qu t s ca cc s c gi tr. Gi tr ca mi v tr
ca s nh phn l kt qu ca ly tha ca c s 2. N c biu din
dng 2#.... .
Gi tr s m l s biu din cc s nh phn dng b hai. Trong dng
biu din ny, bit c trng s ln nht (most significant bit) (bit s 15 cho kiu
d liu Integer) c gi tr - 215. V gi tr ny ln hn tng ca tt c cc gi tr
cn li, nn bit ny c lm bit thng tin du. Nu bit = 0, th gi tr dng;
nu bit = 1, th gi tr l m. Vic chuyn i gia cc s nh phn thnh s
decimal c thc hin bng cch cng cc gi tr ca cc v tr c bit = 1.
(xem v d).
H thng s hexadecimal cung cp 16 ch s khc nhau (0 n 9 v A
n F). y l h thng s theo c s 16. Do , gi tr mi v tr ca s
hexadecimal c kt qu t ly tha ca c s 16.
Cc s Hexadecimal c xc nh vi dng 16#. Cc ch s A n F
biu din theo gi tr s decimal 10 n 15. Gi tr 15 l gi tr cui cng c th
c m ha nh phn ca 4 bit khng du. 4 bit nh phn to thnh mt s
ca s hexadecimal.
Hng s trong dng s Hexadecimal khng c s dng cho cc gi tr
s integer.
14.1.2 Kiu d liu Double Integer (DINT)

S7-200 lu gi tr kiu d liu Double Integer vi m 32 bit c du. Phm
vi gi tr kiu double Integer t -2147483648 n +2147483647.
258
Chu Ch c
S7-200 s dng s decimal (khng phi BCD) xc nh mt hng s

kiu d liu Double Integer.
V d: Biu din s +540809 v 540809
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7
DEC: +540809
6 5
4 3 2 1 0
BIN.: 2# 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Du
ca s
dng
HEX:
16#
(khng du)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7
DEC: - 540809
6 5
4 3 2 1 0
BIN.: 2# 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
Du
ca s
m
Biu din s
b hai
HEX:
16#
B F
(khng du)
Hnh 14.2: Biu din s double integer
14.1.3 Kiu d liu s thc (REAL)

Cc kiu d liu INT v DINT c m t trc c s dng lu
ton b cc gi tr s c du. Do , ch c cc php ton c cung cp cc
gi tr s nguyn mi c th thc hin c.
Trong trng hp cc bin l analog nh in p, dng in, v nhit
th cc gi tr thc tr nn cn thit. trnh din cc gi tr thp phn, cc s
nh phn phi c nh ngha l gi tr ca n nh hn 1 (ly tha ca c s
2 vi s m m).
biu din s thc S7-200 s dng double word (32 bit).Trong m nh
phn ca s thc, mt phn ca cc ch s nh phn s dng cho phn thp
phn, phn cn li l biu din s m v du ca s thc.
Phm vi biu din ca s thc t -1.17549510-38 n 3.40282310+38
Khi s dng cc gi tr ca s thc, ta khng cn phi xc nh nh dng
ca n. Khi nhp vo mt hng s l s thc th ta bt buc phi nhp c
thnh phn thp phn cho d phn thp l s 0, v d 20.0.
S thc c s dng x l gi tr analog. u im ln ca s thc
l cc php ton c s dng vi n. Cc php ton ny bao gm: cng,
tr, nhn, chia cng nh cc lnh sin, cos, exp, ln, v.v..., c s dng chnh
trong cc thut gii iu khin vng kn (closed-loop control algorithms).
Dng tng qut ca s Real = (du) (1.f) (2e-127) vi f: phn thp phn.
V d: Biu din s 0.75
259

Du ca
s Real
31
30
f = Mantissa (23 Bit)
e = Exponent (8 Bit)
29
28
27 26
25
24
23
Chu Ch c
22
21
20 19
18
17
16 15
14
13
12
11 10
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 .....
2-23
S Real = +1.5 * 2 126-127 = 0.75
Hnh 14.2: Biu din s real
14.1.4 Kiu d liu s BCD (Binary Coded Decimal)

Trc y, lit k v m t cc s nguyn c thc hin n gin
vi cc nt nhn s dng xoay vng v b ch th s. Cc nt nhn s v hin
th s ny c kt ni vi cc module vo v ra s ca PLC.
Mi ch s ca s decimal c m ha bn bit. V ch s cao nht
ca decimmal l 9 nn bn bit c s dng v c m nh phn tng ng
cho cc ch s decimal nh sau:
S Decimal
BCD Code
S Decimal
BCD Code
0000
0110
0001
0111
0010
1000
0011
1001
0100
10 ... 15
khng c
0101
cc s m cng c th c xc nh bng nt nhn s xoay vng

m BCD, th S7-200 m ha du trong bit c trng s cao nht (most
significant bit). Bit du = 0 ch s dng. Bit du = 1 ch th s m. S7-200
chp nhn cc s BCD m 16-bit (du + 3 digits) v m 32-bit (du + 7 digits).
Phm vi biu din ca s BCD 16 bit t - 999 n + 999, phm vi biu din
ca s BCD 32 bit t -9999999 n + 9999999.
Khng c nh dng d liu cho vic xc nh cc gi tr theo m BCD
trong S7-200. Tuy nhin ta c th xc nh s decimal vi m BCD c cho
s HEX. M nh phn ca s HEX v s decimal m BCD th ging nhau.
V d: Biu din s 662 BCD 16 bit v BCD 32 bit
260
Chu Ch c

BIN.: 2# 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
16 Bit:
Sign (+)
HEX:
Sign (+)
16#
DEC: + 662
32 Bit: BIN.: 2# 0 x x x 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
HEX:
16#
DEC: + 662
Hnh 14.4: Biu din s BCD 16 bit v BCD 32 bit
14.2 Chc nng sao chp

Vi chc nng sao chp, ni dung ca mt vng ny s c sao chp
n mt vng khc trong b nh. Vic trao i hay sao chp ni dung c th
thc hin vi mt byte, mt word, mt double word hay mt gi tr s hoc
mt mng ln d liu t vng ny sang vng khc trong b nh.
14.2.1 Cc lnh sao chp, trao i ni dung

sao chp cc d liu kiu byte, word, double word k c s thc (real)
t ni ny n ni khc ta s dng lnh Move.
Trong mt s trng hp cn tro i ni dung ca mt byte (byte thp
v byte cao) trong mt word ta s dng lnh Swap.
C php ca cc lnh STL nh sau:
Lnh MOVB IN,OUT: Lnh Move Byte (MOVB) thc hin sao chp ni
dung ca byte IN sang byte OUT.
Lnh MOVW IN,OUT: Lnh Move Word (MOVW) thc hin sao chp ni
dung ca word IN sang word OUT
Lnh MOVD IN,OUT: Lnh Move Double Word (MOVD) thc hin sao
chp ni dung ca double word IN sang double
word OUT.
Lnh MOVR IN,OUT: Lnh Move Real (MOVR) thc hin sao chp ni
dung ca mt s thc IN sang s thc OUT.
Lnh SWAP IN:
Lnh Swap Byte (Swap) thc hin tro i ni

dung ca byte thp v byte cao trong word IN.
C php ca cc lnh MOVE LAD v FBD c cu trc chung nh sau:

Vi:
* X: C th l B (Byte), W (Word), D (Double word)
hoc R(Real).
* IN: D liu cn sao chp, c th l byte, word,
double word hoc real ty theo X l B, W, D hay R.
261
Chu Ch c
* OUT: V tr ca ni cn sao chp n, c th l

byte, word, double word hoc real ty theo
X l B, W, D hay R.
* EN:
L ng vo bit. Cho php thc hin lnh

c vit LAD hoc FBD.
Trng hp khng cn thit c iu kin
ng vo EN th phi s dng SM0.0.
* ENO: Ng ra bit. Cho php kt ni song song

hoc ni tip vi cc hp khc. Nu php
ton x l khng c li th EN=ENO.
ly lnh MOV mn hnh son tho LAD, ta nhp chut vo du (+)
trong cy lnh. Sau tr chut vo mt trong cc
biu tng
lnh cn ly l:
: sao chp double Word
: sao chp Byte

: sao chp Word
: sao chp s thc
gi chut tri, ko v th vo v tr mong mun. Nhp iu kin cho ng vo

EN, nu lc no cng thc hin th s dng bit nh SM0.0, Byte c ni dung
cn sao chp t ng IN v byte cha ng thng tin sao chp cha
OUT.
V d: Copy nh s thc VD50 vo nh s thc VD60 khi M1.0 tch cc.
LAD:
STL:
LD
M1.0
MOVR VD50, VD60
* C php dng lnh SWAP trong LAD nh sau:

LAD
Ton hng
IN
(Word): VW, IW, QW, MW, SW,

SMW, T, C, LW, AC, *VD,
*AC, *LD
ly lnh SWAP mn hnh son tho LAD, ta nhp chut vo du (+)

biu tng
trong cy lnh. Sau tr chut vo mt trong cc
lnh cn ly l:
, gi chut tri, ko v th vo v tr mong mun.
Nhp iu kin cho ng vo EN, nu lc no cng thc hin th s dng bit
262
Chu Ch c
nh SM0.0, word cn tro i ni dung gia byte thp v byte cao t ng

IN.
V d: nh VW40 c gi tr c biu din s Hex l CAFE. Gi tr ny s
c o li thnh FECA khi ng vo I2.0 c kch hat. Chng trnh
c vit nh sau:
LAD:
STL:
LD
I2.0
SWAP VW40
14.2.2 Cc lnh sao chp mt mng ln d liu

sao chp mt mng ln d liu t ni ny n ni khc ta s dng
lnh Block Move. Lnh sao chp mt mng ln cho php thc hin vi Byte,
Word v Double Word.
C php ca cc lnh STL nh sau:
* Lnh BMB IN,OUT,N: Lnh Block Move Byte (BMB) sao chp ni dung ca
mt mng Byte. S lng byte c sao chp xc
nh bi N c kiu byte. Do c th sao chp ti a
l 255 byte. Byte u tin ca mng c xc nh
ng IN (kiu byte). Ni n c xc nh vi byte
u tin ca mng ng OUT.
* Lnh BMW IN,OUT,N: Tng t nh lnh BMB, lnh Block Move Word
(BMW) sao chp ni dung ca mt mng word. S
lng word c sao chp xc nh bi N c kiu
byte. Do c th sao chp ti a l 255 word. Word
u tin ca mng c xc nh ng IN (kiu
word). Ni n c xc nh vi word u tin ca
mng ng OUT.
* Lnh BMD IN,OUT,N: Tng t nh lnh BMB, lnh Block Move Double
Word (BMD) sao chp ni dung ca mt mng
Double Word. S lng Double word c sao chp
xc nh bi N c kiu byte. Do c th sao chp
ti a l 255 Double word. Double Word u tin ca
mng c xc nh ng IN (kiu Double word).
Ni n c xc nh vi Double word u tin ca
mng ng OUT.
C php ca cc lnh LAD v FBD c cu trc tng qut nh sau:
263
Chu Ch c
Vi:
* X: C th l B (Byte), W (Word), D (Double word).
* IN: V tr u tin ca mng d liu cn sao chp,
c th l Byte, Word hoc double Word ty theo X.
* OUT: V tr u tin ca mng d liu cn lu tr
thng tin sao chp. c th l Byte, Word hoc
double Word ty theo X.
* N:
S lng Byte, Word, Double word c

sao chp, c gi tr t 0 n 255.
* EN, ENO: tng t nh lnh MOVE.

ly lnh BLKMOV mn hnh son tho LAD, ta nhp chut vo du
trong cy lnh. Sau tr chut vo mt trong
(+) biu tng
(sao chp mng Byte),
(sao
cc lnh cn ly l:
chp mng Word),
(sao chp mng double Word ), gi chut
tri, ko v th vo v tr mong mun. Nhp iu kin cho ng vo EN, nu lc
no cng thc hin th s dng bit nh SM0.0; Byte, word hoc double word
(ty theo lnh) u tin ca mng cn sao chp t ng IN v s lng
tng ng c t vo chn N.
V d: Khi kch hot I1.0 th ni dung ca mt mng gm 4 byte bt u t
Byte VB10 s c copy sang vng nh gm c 4 byte khc c byte u tin
l VB100. Chng trnh c vit nh di y:
LAD:
FBD:
STL:
LD
BMB
I1.0
VB10, VB100, 4
Gi thit ni dung ca mng cn sao chp l:

Byte
Ni dung
VB10
20
Kt qu thu dc sau lnh: BMB

Byte
Ni dung
14.3
VB100
20
VB11
21
VB12
22
VB13
23
VB10, VB100, 4 l:
VB101
21
VB102
22
VB103
23
Php ton so snh
Vi chc nng so snh, gi tr ca hai ton hng ca cng kiu d liu s

c so snh vi nhau. Kt qu ca so snh l mt gi tr logic, nu ng
theo chc nng so snh th kt qu logic l 1, cn nu sai kt qu logic l
264
Chu Ch c
0. Ty thuc vo loi CPU ca h S7-200 m c th c t hoc nhiu chc

nng so snh.Cc chc nng so snh i CPU 22x c th l:
Ton hng 1 (IN1)
D liu c th l:
Byte, Int,DInt, Real
Chc nng so snh

> : Ln hn
>= : Ln hn hoc bng
== : Bng nhau
<> : Khng bng nhau (khc
nhau)
<= : B hn hoc bng
< : B hn
Ton hng 2 (IN2)

D liu c th l:
Byte, Int,DInt, Real
Khi so snh gi tr Byte (B) th khng cn phi n du ca ton

hng, ngc li khi so snh l cc s Int (I), Dint (D), Real (R) th phi ch
n du ca tan hng.
C php tng qut cho php tan so snh LAD l:
Vi:
X: l php so snh. N c th l:
+ So snh byte: >B, >=B, ==B, <>B, <B, <=B
+ So snh s Int: >I, >=I, ==I, <>I, <I, <=I
+ So snh s Dint: >D, >=D, ==D, <>D, <D, <=D
+ So snh s Real: >R, >=R, ==R, <>R, <R, <=R
+ n1: Gi tr cn c so snh (gi tr cha bit).
+ n2: Gi tr so snh (gi tr bit).
i vi ngn ng LAD v FBD, khi kt qu so snh l ng, th lnh so
snh s t tip im (LAD) hoc ng ra (FBD) trng thi ON.
i vi ngn ng STL, khi kt qu so snh l ng th lnh so snh Load,
AND, hoc OR gi tr 1 vi gi tr nh ca ngn xp.
ly cc lnh so snh mn hnh son tho LAD, ta nhp chut vo
du (+) biu tng
trong cy lnh. Sau tr chut vo mt
trong cc lnh cn ly, gi chut tri, ko v th vo v tr mong mun. Nhp
gi tr cha bit theo lnh cn so snh (byte, word, double word) vo v tr cc
du chm hi nm trn lnh. Nhp gi tr bit (thng l cc con s) hoc
gi tr c cha trong cc nh byte, word, double word vo v tr cc du
chm hi nm di lnh.
V d 14.2: Gii hn gi tr.
Vit mt chng trnh thc hin nhim v sau: Nu gi tr MW20 nm
trong phm vi (50;500) th s cho php xut gi tr ra ng ra MW22. Nu gi
tr MW20 ln hn gi tr 500 th ng ra s MW22 l gi tr 500 v n bo
gi tr max sng. Nu gi tr MW20 nh hn gi tr 50 th ng ra s MW22 l
gi tr 50 v n bo gi tr min sng. Ch cc ng vo ra s l Int.
Gii:
265
Bng k hiu
K hiu
Chu Ch c
a ch
Ch thch
GT_sosanh
MW20
Gi tr s cn bit c vt ngoi phm vi (50;500)
GT_dung
MW22
Gi tr nm trong phm vi cho php
Bao_max
Q0.0
n bo gi tr ln hn 500
Bao_min
Q0.1
n bo gi tr nh hn 50
Chng trnh:
LAD
STL
Network 1 Kiem tra gia tri vao
LDW<
LDW<
MW20, 50
AW>
MW20, 500
MOVW MW20, MW22
Network 2 Bao vuot qua gia tri 500

LDW>= MW20, 500
=
Q0.0
MOVW
500, MW22
Network 3 Bao nho hon gia tri 50

LDW<= MW20, 50
14.4
Q0.1
MOVW
50, MW22
Php ton s hc
nhiu nhim v m nh m sn phm, m s vng quay, m

xung .v.v... th kt qu m phi c gim st. Bn cnh cc php tan so
snh bit cn phi c thm cc php ton s hc nh cng, tr, nhn,
chia. Cn cc php ton khc nh sin, cos, tan, PID .... s c kho st
tp 2 ca b sch k thut iu khin lp trnh PLC SIMATIC S7-200.
14.4.1. Cng v tr
Cc php tan cng v tr c th thc hin c i vi cc s Integer
(16 bit), Double integer (32 bit) v s thc (32 bit). Ty thuc vo php tan l
cng hoc tr dng s no m kt qu thu c s dng s .
266
Chu Ch c
Khi c li do trn hoc gi tr khng hp l th bit SM1.1 c set ln

mc logic 1.
C php lnh biu din cho php ton cng v tr nh sau:
Php ton cng
Biu din LAD:
ADD_x
Php ton tr
Biu din LAD:
SUB_x
Thc hin:
IN1 + IN2 = OUT
Thc hin:
IN1 - IN2 = OUT
Biu din STL:

+I IN1, OUT
+D IN1, OUT
+R IN1, OUT
Biu din STL:

-I IN1, OUT
-D IN1, OUT
-R IN1, OUT
Thc hin:
IN1 + OUT = OUT
Thc hin:
OUT IN1 = OUT
Ch thch
* x: c th l I (Integer),
DI (Double integer),
R(Real).
* EN = 1: cho php
cng hoc tr.
* ENO = 0: khi c li.
* IN1, IN2, OUT: cc
ng vo ra dng s c
cng kiu d liu vi x.
ly lnh cng hoc tr s nguyn mn hnh son tho LAD, ta

nhp chut vo du (+) biu tng
trong cy lnh. Sau
(cng s Integer),
tr chut vo mt trong cc lnh cn ly l:
( cng s DInt),
( tr s Integer), hoc
( tr s
DInt), gi chut tri, ko v th vo v tr mong mun. Nhp iu kin cho ng
vo EN, nu lc no cng thc hin th s dng bit nh SM0.0. Nhp cc bin
ca php ton tng ng vo cc ng IN1 v IN2. Nhp bin cha kt qu
ng OUT.
ly lnh cng hoc tr s thc (real) mn hnh son tho LAD, ta
trong cy lnh.
Sau tr chut vo mt trong cc lnh cn ly l:
(cng s real),
( tr s real), gi chut tri, ko v th vo v tr mong mun. Nhp
iu kin cho ng vo EN, nu lc no cng thc hin th s dng bit nh
SM0.0. Nhp cc bin ca php ton tng ng vo cc ng IN1 v IN2.
Nhp bin cha kt qu ng OUT.
14.4.2. Nhn v chia

Cc php tan nhn v chia c th thc hin c i vi cc s Integer
(16 bit), Double integer (32 bit) v s thc (32 bit). Ty thuc vo php tan l
nhn hoc chia dng s no m kt qu thu c s dng s .
267
Chu Ch c
Khi c li do trn hoc gi tr khng hp l th bit SM1.1 c set ln

mc logic 1. Nu kt qu l zero th SM1.0 =1, kt qu m th SM1.2 =1,
v SM1.3 =1 nu chia cho 0.
C php lnh biu din cho php ton nhn v chia nh sau:
Php ton nhn
Biu din LAD:
Php ton chia

Biu din LAD:
MUL_x
DIV_x
Thc hin:
IN1 * IN2 = OUT
Thc hin:
IN1 / IN2 = OUT
Biu din STL:

*I IN1, OUT
*D IN1, OUT
*R IN1, OUT
Biu din STL:

/I IN1, OUT
/D IN1, OUT
/R IN1, OUT
Thc hin:
IN1 * OUT = OUT
Thc hin:
OUT / IN1 = OUT
Ch thch
* x: c th l I (Integer),
DI (Double integer),
R(Real).
* EN = 1: cho php
nhn hoc chia.
* ENO = 0: khi c li.
* IN1, IN2, OUT: cc
ng vo ra dng s c
cng kiu d liu vi x.
ly lnh nhn hoc chia s nguyn mn hnh son tho LAD, ta

trong cy lnh. Sau
(nhn s Integer),
( nhn s DInt),
( chia s Integer), hoc
( chia
s DInt), gi chut tri, ko v th vo v tr mong mun. Nhp iu kin cho
ng vo EN, nu lc no cng thc hin th s dng bit nh SM0.0. Nhp cc
bin ca php ton tng ng vo cc ng IN1 v IN2. Nhp bin cha kt
qu ng OUT.
ly lnh nhn hoc chia s thc (real) mn hnh son tho LAD,
ta nhp chut vo du (+) biu tng
trong cy lnh.
Sau tr chut vo mt trong cc lnh cn ly l:
(nhn s real),
( chia s real), gi chut tri, ko v th vo v tr mong mun. Nhp
iu kin cho ng vo EN, nu lc no cng thc hin th s dng bit nh
SM0.0. Nhp cc bin ca php ton tng ng vo cc ng IN1 v IN2.
Nhp bin cha kt qu ng OUT.
14.4.3. V d php ton s hc

V d 14.3: m sn phm
Sn phm trn mt bng ti c nhn bit bi cm bin S1. Tng s
lng sn phm m c cha trong MD20. C 10 sn phm s c ng
thnh mt thng v s lng thng c cha trong MD24. S lng sn
phm c th b xa bng nt nhn S2.
268
Chu Ch c
Gii
Bng k hiu
K hiu
a ch
Ch thch
S1
I0.0
Cm bin nhn bit sn phm
S2
I0.1
Nt nhn xa s lng sn phm
So_SP
MD20
Gi tr sn phm m c
So_Thung
MD24
S lng thng
Chng trnh:
LAD
STL
Network 1 Xoa so luong san pham
LDW<
LD
I0.1
EU
MOVD 0, MD20
Network 2 Dem so luong san pham

LD
I0.0
EU
+D
1, MD20
Network 3 So luong thung

LD
SM0.0
MOVD MD20, MD24

/D
14.5
10, MD24
Tng v gim thanh ghi
Tng v gim l mt hnh thc khc ca qu trnh m. Lnh tng

hoc gim cng 1 vi ng vo hoc ly ng vo tr 1 v kt qu c a ra
ng ra.
Lnh tng hoc gim thc hin c vi byte, word v double word.
Biu din tng qut LAD:
xxx_y
vi xxx_y c th l:
INC_B (tng byte), INC_W (tng word),

INC_DW (tng double word).
DEC_B (gim byte), DEC_W (gim word),

DEC_DW (gim double word).
ngha:
269
Chu Ch c
* Tng: IN + 1 = OUT
* Gim: IN -1 = OUT
Biu din STL:
Lnh tng:
Lnh gim:
Byte:
INCB OUT
DECB OUT
Word:
INCW OUT
DECW OUT
Double
word:
INCD OUT
DECD OUT
ngha:
OUT + 1 = OUT
OUT -1 = OUT
ly lnh tng hoc gim thanh ghi mn hnh son tho LAD, ta
trong cy lnh. Sau
:
tng byte
: tng word
: tng double word
gim byte
: gim word
: gim double word

EN, nu lc no cng thc hin th s dng bit nh SM0.0. Nhp cc bin cn
tng hoc gim ng IN. Nhp bin cha kt qu ng OUT. (thng thng
ng vo v ra c chung mt bin).
V d 14.4: Hy vit mt chng trnh con cho khu tng gim tc ng c
trn mn hnh iu khin TP170micro khi n phm (+) th tc ng c
tng dn ln, cn khi n phm (-) th tc ng c gim dn xung.
Gii
Nhm gip cho bn c d hiu, c mi ln n mt phm (+) hoc
phm (-) th tc ng c tng hoc gim i mt vng quay. y c th c
nhiu phng php nhng ch gii hn kin thc c bn trong quyn sch,
cn cc kin thc nng cao xin bn c tp 2.
270
Chu Ch c
Bng k hiu
K hiu
a ch
Ch thch
Phim +
M0.0
Tng tc ng c
Phim -
M0.1
Gim tc ng c
TD_Dongco
MW20
Bin tc ng c
Chng trnh:
STL
LAD
Network 1 Tang toc dong co

LD
M0.0
EU
INCW MW20
Network 2 Giam toc dong co

LD
M0.1
EU
DECW MW20
14.6. Cc php tan logic s

14.6.1 Cc logic s trong S7-200
Php ton logic s s thc hin theo tng bit ca hai tan hng s
tng ng hay mt tan hng s vi mt hng s. Cc php logic s c th
lit k bng sau:
Php
ton:
INV
AND
OR
XOR
V d:
IN: ....1001
IN1: ....1010
IN1:....1010
IN1:....1010
IN2: ....1100
IN2: ....1100
IN2: ....1100
OUT: 0110
OUT:...1000
OUT:...1110
OUT:...0110
INV
AND
OR
XOR
Biu din:
Cc lnh logic s l:
* Lnh o byte (INVB), o word (INVW), o double word (INVD) s o
cc bit ng vo IN v kt qu c a ra ng OUT.
271
Chu Ch c
* Lnh AND Byte (ANDB), AND Word (ANDW), v AND Double Word (ANDD)
thc hin AND cc bit tng ng ca hai gi tr ng vo IN1 v IN2 v kt qu
c a ra OUT.
* Lnh OR Byte (ORB), OR Word (ORW), v OR Double Word (ORD) thc
hin OR cc bit tng ng ca hai gi tr ng vo IN1 v IN2 v kt qu c
a ra OUT.
* Lnh XOR Byte (XORB), XOR Word (XORW), v XOR Double Word (XORD)
thc hin XOR cc bit tng ng ca hai gi tr ng vo IN1 v IN2 v kt qu
c a ra OUT.
ly cc php ton logic s mn hnh son tho LAD, ta nhp chut
vo du (+) biu tng
trong cy lnh. Sau tr
chut vo mt trong cc lnh cn ly l:
:
:
o byte
o word
: o dword
: AND byte
: AND word
: AND double word
: OR byte
: OR word
: OR double word
: XOR byte
: XOR word
: XOR double word

tng hoc gim ng IN. Nhp bin cha kt qu ng OUT. (thng thng
ng vo v ra c chung mt bin).
14.6.2. ng dng
14.6.2.1 Che v tr cc bit
Mt ng dng ca php tan AND s l che v tr bit. lm n i nhng
v tr bit khng cn thit hoc khng mun xut hin th ta s dng mt n,
nhng v tr bit cn thit ta cho gi tr 1 v lm n nhng bit khng cn thit
bng cch cho bit tng ng gi tr 0. V d ta cn ly 4 bit cui cng ca
VW100 th ta s OR VW100 vi mt n sau: 0000 0000 0000 1111 v kt qu
c cha vo VW200.
Chng trnh:
LAD
272
STL
Chu Ch c
14.6.2.2 Chn thm bit

Mt ng dng ca php tan OR s l chn bit. Mun cho bit no trong
thanh ghi ln mc 1 th ta s OR bit tng ng vi gi tr 1. V d ta mun
4 bit cui ca VW100 c gi tr 1 th ta s OR n vi gi tr sau: 0000 0000
0000 1111.
Chng trnh:
LAD
STL
14.7 Chc nng dch/quay thanh ghi

14.7.1 Chc nng dch chuyn thanh ghi
Vi chc nng dch chuyn thanh ghi, cc bit ca bin s c dch v
bn phi hay bn tri theo mt gi tr xc nh. Ty theo vic dch chuyn
thanh ghi l 1 Byte, 1 word hay 1 double word m gi tr dch c th ti a l 8,
16 hay 32.
Nu c thc hin php ton dch (khc 0) th ni dung ca bit sau cng
thot ra khi thanh ghi c cha trong nh SM1.1. Cn nu sau khi thc
hin php dch m kt qu thu c ca cc thanh ghi l 0 th nh SM1.0
c h iu hnh t gi tr l 1.
Trong PLC h S7-200, ngoi ngn ng c biu din theo chun IEC
1131-3, cn c ngn ng c biu din theo chun ca hng sn xut
(Siemens). Cc lnh dch chuyn thanh ghi c cho nh sau:
14.7.1.1 Dch tri
php ton dch tri, cho php dch byte, word v double word.
C php chung biu din LAD l:
Vi:
SHL_x
* x: C th l B (Byte), W (Word), DW (Double word).

* IN: Thanh ghi cn dch tri c th Byte, Word hoc
Double word.
* OUT: Ni lu tr gi tr sau khi dch tri. c th Byte,
Word hoc Double word.
* N:
S lng bit cn dch tri. Ty theo dch byte,

word hay double word m N c gi tr max l 8,
16, 32.
273
Chu Ch c
* EN, ENO: Xem mc 14.2.1

C php chung biu din STL l:
* Dch tri byte:
SLB OUT, N
* Dch tri word:
SLW OUT, N
* Dch tri double word: SLD OUT, N

Ch : STL, th kt qu sau php dch tri s c cha vo chnh thanh
ghi cn dch.
V d: Khi bit M10.0 t 0 1 th yu cu dch tri byte VB10 i 3 v tr, kt
qu cha vo VB10.
LAD
STL
VB10 trc khi dch:

VB10 sau khi dch 3 v tr:
1
SM1.1
Chiu dch
14.7.1.2 Dch phi

php ton dch phi, cho php dch byte, word v double word.
Vi:
SHR_x

* IN: Thanh ghi cn dch phi c th Byte, Word hoc
Double word.
* OUT: Ni lu tr gi tr sau khi dch phi. c th
Byte, Word hoc Double word.
* N: S lng bit cn dch phi. Ty theo dch byte,
word hay double word m N c gi tr max l 8,
16, 32.
274
Chu Ch c
* Dch phi byte:
SRB OUT, N
* Dch phi word:
SRW OUT, N
* Dch phi double word:
SRD OUT, N
Ch : STL, th kt qu sau php dch phi s c cha vo chnh thanh

ghi cn dch.
ly cc php ton dch thanh ghi mn hnh son tho LAD, ta nhp
trong cy lnh. Sau tr
chut vo du (+) biu tng
chut vo mt trong cc lnh cn ly l:
:
:
:
dch tri byte

dch tri word
dch tri double word
dch phi byte

: dch phi word
: dch phi double word

dch ng IN. S bit cn dch ng N. Nhp bin cha kt qu ng OUT.
(thng thng ng vo v ra c chung mt bin).
V d: Khi bit M10.0 t 1 0 th yu cu dch tri byte VB10 i 3 v tr, kt
qu cha vo VB10.
LAD
STL
VB10 trc khi dch:
1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1
SM1.1
0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
VB10 sau khi dch 3 v tr
Chiu dch
14.7.2 Chc nng quay thanh ghi

Vi chc nng quay thanh ghi, cc bit ca bin (byte, word, double
word) s c y vng trn sang phi hay sang tri theo mt gi tr xc nh.
Ti mi mt ln quay, gi tr logic ca bit b y ra khi u ny cng l gi tr
logic c a vo u kia ca bin.
Lnh quay s khng thc hin c nu nh s m ln quay c gi
tr bng 0 hay l bng bi s ca 8 i vi quay byte, 16 i vi word hay 32
i vi double word.
275
Chu Ch c
i vi cc gi tr khc ca s m ln quay ln hn 8 (i vi byte),

ln hn 16 (i vi word) hoc 32 (i vi double word), th lnh s thc hin
vi s m ln quay mi bng phn d ca s ln quay c chia cho 8, 16
hoc chia cho 32.
Nu c thc hin php ton quay (khc 0) th ni dung ca bit sau
cng thot ra khi thanh ghi c cha vo nh SM1.1. Cn nu sau khi
thc hin php quay m kt qu thu c ca cc thanh ghi l 0 th nh
SM1.0 c h iu hnh t gi tr l 1.
Trong PLC h S7-200, ngoi ngn ng c biu din theo chun
IEC 1131-3, cn c ngn ng c biu din theo chun ca hng sn xut
(Siemens). Cc lnh quay thanh ghi c cho nh sau:
14.7.2.1 Quay tri
php ton quay tri, cho php quay byte, word v double word.
Vi:
ROL_x

* IN: Thanh ghi cn quay tri c th Byte, Word hoc
Double word.
* OUT: Ni lu tr gi tr sau khi quay tri. c th
* N: S lng bit cn quay tri.

* Quay tri byte:
RLB OUT, N
* Quay tri word:
RLW OUT, N
* Quay tri double word:
RLD OUT, N
Ch : STL, th kt qu sau php quay tri s c cha vo chnh thanh

ghi cn quay.
ly cc php ton quay thanh ghi mn hnh son tho LAD, ta
trong cy lnh. Sau
:
276
Quay tri byte

:
Quay tri word
: Quay tri double word
Quay phi byte

: Quay phi word
: Quay phi double word
Chu Ch c

quay ng IN. S bit cn quay ng N. Nhp bin cha kt qu ng OUT.
(thng thng ng vo v ra c chung mt bin).
V d: Khi bit M10.0 t 0 1 th yu cu quay tri byte VD10 i 4 v tr, kt
qu cha vo VD10.
LAD
STL
VD10 trc khi quay tri

31
30
29
28
27 26
25
24
23
22
21
20 19
18
17
16 15
14
13
12
11 10
1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Xoay 4 v tr
sang tri
SM1.1 1
VD10 sau khi quay tri

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
14.7.2.2 Quay phi

Tng t nh php ton quay tri, php ton quay phi cho php
quay byte, word v double word.
Vi:
ROR_x

* IN: Thanh ghi cn quay phi c th Byte, Word hoc
Double word.
* OUT: Ni lu tr gi tr sau khi quay phi. c th
* N: S lng bit cn quay phi.

* Quay phi byte:
RLB OUT, N
* Quay phi word:
RLW OUT, N
* Quay phi double word:
RLD OUT, N
Ch : STL, th kt qu sau php quay phi s c cha vo chnh

thanh ghi cn quay.
277

Ky Thuat Dieu Khien Lap Trinh PLC Semantic S7-200 - Chau Duc Tri

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Tng quan v iu khin .......................................................................1

B iu khin lp trnh PLC Cu trc v phng thc hot ng 7

Cm bin v c cu chp hnh trong iu khin logic .................

B iu khin lp trnh PLC Simatic S7-200 ...................................

Kt ni dy gia PLC v thit b ngoi vi .......................................

Phn mm Micro/Win v ngn ng lp trnh ...............................

6.2.5 Khi d liu (data block) ...................................................

Cc php ton logic .......................................................................... 95

7.6 Cc lnh SET, RESET v mch nh RS ..................................... 111

Thit k theo logic Bool & biu Karnaugh .......................................... 125

B nh thi (Timer) ........................................................................

B m (Counter) ............................................................................. 170

10.3 B m xung CTD (Count Down) ...........................................

iu khin trnh t ............................................................................

An ton trong PLC ............................................................................ 218

Chuyn iu khin kt ni cng sang iu khin bng PLC ........ 226

13.2.1 iu khin thit b b cng sut phn khng ................

Cc php ton c bn trong iu khin s ....................................

Tng quan v iu khin

Khi nim chung v iu khin

Tng quan v iu khin

iu khin c nhim v thc hin cc chc nng ring ca mt my mc

Tng quan v iu khin

c thay i bng cch thay i b nh (iu khin c th thay i chng

Hnh 1.1: S cc loi iu khin

1.2 Cu trc mt qui trnh iu khin

Bao gm cc loi tn hiu ca cc b pht tn hiu nh

Tng quan v iu khin

Tu thuc vo loi iu khin, cc tn hiu c th l

Phn ny cn thit, nu tn hiu ca mt h thng l

Ton b cc lin kt, trnh t thi gian, cc chc nng

Cc tn hiu t phn x l c mc cng sut b

Phn ny c kt ni vi i tng iu khin m c

1.3 Cc loi iu khin

Tng quan v iu khin

Hnh 1.3: Hai loi iu khin trong sn xut

Tng quan v iu khin

1.5 Cc khi nim x l thng tin

Bit l n v thng tin nh phn nh nht, c c th c gi tr 0 hoc 1.

Tng quan v iu khin

1 DoubleWord gom co 4 Byte hay 32 Bit. Vi DoubleWord co the bieu

B iu khin lp trnh PLC

B iu khin lp trnh PLC Cu trc

Cc thnh phn ca k thut iu khin in v in t ngy cng ng

B iu khin lp trnh PLC

iu khin bng relay in

iu khin bng PLC

Thit k thut gii

Chn phn t mch in

San tho chng trnh

Kim tra hot ng

Kim tra hot ng

2.2 S khc nhau gia h iu khin bng relay v h iu

Hnh 2.1: Mch iu khin trnh t 3 my bm

B iu khin lp trnh PLC

Khi ng t K2 s ng khi cng tc S3 ng vi iu kin l khi ng

Hnh 2.2: S mch c chuyn thnh chng trnh trong PLC

B iu khin lp trnh PLC

Hnh 2.3: S kt ni vi PLC

Hnh 2.4: S mch iu khin 3 ng c c thay i

B iu khin lp trnh PLC

2.3 Cu trc ca mt PLC

B iu khin lp trnh PLC