n in t cng sut

`
n in t cng sut
ti:
Thit k ngun cp in cho ng c in mt chiu
kch t oc lp c o chiu theo nguyn tc iu khin
ring.Mch m bo tc trn v c khu bo v chng mt
kch t
Vi s liu
Udm=80 V
I m=20 A
U kch t = 50V
I kch t = 2 A
Phm vi iu chnh 30:1

NHIM V :
1) Tm hiu v cng ngh v yu cu k thut ca thit b
cn thit k.
2) xut cc phng n tng th,phn tch u,nhc im ca
tng phng n i n la chon mt phng n ph hp
tho mn cc yu cu k thut.
3) Xy dng chi tit ton b s nguyn l mch thit k
(c mch lc v mch iu khin),sau thuyt minh s
hot ng ca s ny vi th minh ho.
4) Tnh ton mch lc.
5) Tnh ton mch iu khin.
6) Lp bng tr s ton b cc phn t v linh kin tnh ton
c trong phn 4 v 5.
7) Kim chng bng chy m phng trn my tnh PC.
8) Kt lun.
9) Ti liu tham kho.

Trang 1

 n in t cng sut

CHNG I

Tm hiu v ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp

I.
1) Gii thiu chung v ng c in mt chiu
Ngy nay,ng c in mt chiu vn c coi l mt loi
my in quan trng mc d my in xoay chiu rt thng
dng do ng c in mt chiu vn c nhng u im nh kh
nng iu chinh tc rt tt.N c dngtrong nhng ngnh
i hi yu cu cao v mt iu chinh tc nh my cn
thp,bo hm m,giao thng vn ti.
Mt d c mt s nhc im so vi my in xoay chiu
nh gi thnh cao,bo qun c gp phc tp (d sinh tia la in)
nhng do nhng u im ca n m n vn c tm quan trng nht
nh trong nn sn xut.
2) Cu to
ng c in mt chiu c hai phn chnh
Phn tnh v phn ng
2.1)Phn tnh (stato).
Phn Stato l b phn ng yn ca my n bao gm
cc t chnh,cc t ph (l b phn sinh ra t trng hay n l phn
cm).
a)Cc t chnh
L b phn sinh ra t trng,gm c li st cc t v
dy qun kch t lng ngoi li st cc t.Li thp cc t lm
bng li thp k thut in mng ,cc cun kch t c qun
bng dy ng boc cch in v tm sn cch in trc khi
t ln cc t cc cun kch t ny c ni tip vi nhau.
b) Cc t ph.
Cc t ph c t gia cc cc t chnh v dng
cI thin i chiu.Li thp thng lm bng thp khi v trn
thn cc t ph c t day qun m cu to ging nh dy qun
cc t chnh
c)Gng t
Gng t dng lm mch t ni lin cc cc t ng
thi lm v my.
d) Np my
Trang 2

 n in t cng sut
Bo v my khi b nhng vt bn ngoi rI vo lm h
hng dy qun v an ton cho ngi vn hnh.Trong ng c
in n c lm gi bi
+C cu chi than : a dng in t phn quay ra
ngoi.C cu chi than gm c mt chi than t trong hp
chi than c c nh trn gi chi than v cch in vi gi,gi
chi than c th quay c iu chnh v tr chi than cho
ng ch.
2.2) Phn quay hay Roto (phn ng)
Bao gm nhng b phn chnh sau :
a)Li st phn ng
Dng dn t. Thng dng nhng tm thp k thutdy
0,5mm ph cch in mng hai mt ri p cht li gim
tn hao do dng
in xoy gy nn. Trn l thp c dp hnh dng rnh sau
khi p li th dt dy qun vo.
Trong nhng ng c trung bnh tr ln ngi ta cn dp
nhng l thng gi khi p l thnh li st c th to c
nhng l thng gi dc trc.
Trong nhng ng c in ln hn th li st thng chia
thnh nhng on nh, gia nhng on y c mt khe h
gi l khe h thng gi. Khi my lm vic gi thi qua cc khe h
lm ngui dy qun v li st.
Trong ng c in mt chiu nh, li st phn ng c p
trc tip vo trc. Trong ng c in ln, gia trc v li st c
t gi rto. Dng gi rto c th tit kim thp k thut in
v gim nh trng lng rto.
b) Dy qun phn ng.
Dy qun phn ng l phn pht sinh ra sut in ng v
c dng in chy qua. Dy qun phn ng thng lm bng dy
ng c bc cch in. Trong my in nh c cng sut di vi
kw thng dng dy c tit din trn. Trong my in va v ln
thng dng dy tit din ch nht. Dy qun c cch in cn
thn vi rnh ca li thp.
c) C gp :
Dng i chiu dng in xoay chiu thnh mt chiu. C
gp gm nhiu phin ng c c m cch in vi nhau bng lp
mica dy t 0,4 n 1,2mm v hp thnh mt hnh trc trn. Hai
u trc trn dng hai hnh p hnh ch V p cht li. Gia
vnh p v tr trn cng cch in bng mica. ui vnh gp c
cao ln mt t hn cc u dy ca cc phn t dy qun
v cc phin gp c d dng.
d) Cc b phn khc.
Trang 3

 n in t cng sut
- Cnh qut : dng qut gi lm ngui my. My in mt
chiu thng ch to theo kiu bo v. hai u np my c l
thng gi. Cnh qut lp trn trc my , khi ng c quay cnh
qut ht gi t ngoi vo ng c. Gi i qua vnh gp, cc t li
st v dy qun ri qua qut gi ra ngoi lm ngui my.
- Trc my : trn t li st phn ng, c gp, cnh qut v
bi. Trc my thng lm bng thp cacbon tt.
3) Phn loi my in
ng c in mt chiu phn loi theo cch kch thch t
thnh ng c in kch hch c lp, ng c in kch
thch song song ,kch thch ni tip,kch thch hn hp
Trn thc t c tnh ca ng c kch t c lp v kch
thch song song l ging nhau nn khi cn cng sut ln ngi ta
thng dng ng c kch t c lp c th iu chnh
dng in kch thch c thun tin do m iu chnh tc
d dng v kinh t hn mc d n i hi c dng bn ngoi.
Trong n ny ta xt n ng c in mt chiu kch t
c lp
Khi m ngun mt chiu c cng sut khng qu ln th mch
phn ng v mch t mc vo hai ngun mt chiu c lp
nhau nn gi l ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp
4) Nguyn l lm vic ng c in mt chiu
Khi cho in p U vo hai chi than A,B trong dy qun phn
ng sinh ra dng in I .Cc thanh dn ab,cd c dng in nm
trong t trng s chu tc dng ca lc Ft tc dng lm cho Roto
quay ,khi phn ng quay na vng th v tr cc thanh dn ab,cd
i ch cho nhau do cc phin gp i chiu dng in
gi cho chiu tc dng khng i m bo ng c c chiu
quay khng i,khi ng c quay cc thanh dn ct t trng s
cm ng sc in ng E ,chiu quay xc nh theo quy tc
bn tay tri
Phng trnh phn ng
U =E +R.I
U

II.) iu chnh tc ng c v o chiu

Rf

1)
Phng trnh c tnh c

I
U
CKT
Ikt

Rkt
Ukt

Trang 4

 n in t cng sut
U = E +(R +Rf)I
U :in p phn ng
E :sut in ng phn ng
R ,Rf :in tr phn ng,in tr ph trong mch
phn ng
I :dng in mch phn ng
R =r +rct +rb +rtc
r :in tr cun dy phn ng
rct :in tr cc t ph
rb :in tr cun b
rtx :in tr tip xc chi in
P.N

E = 2.a .
K

K . .

P.N
2..a

P : s cc t chnh
N :s I mch nhnh song song ca cun dy phn ng
: t thng kch t di mt cc t Wb
: tc gc (Rad/s)
E = Ke . .n

U ( Ru R f ).I u
( Ru R f )
Eu
U

Iu
K .
K .
K
K

Mmen in t Mt =K. .I
Suy ra I =

M dt
K .

Nu b qua tn tht coi mmen in t bng mmen c u

trc
Mt =Mc =M

Ru R f
Uu

.M
K .
( K . ) 2

(1)

Mmen ph thuc vo t thng v dng phn ng

T phng trnh (1) suy ra : thay i tc ng c ta c
th dng phng php thay i in p phn ng U ,t thng
tc l thay i dng kch t Ikt v thay i in tr phn ng
R ,Rf
M =K. .I .do mun o chiu ng c tc l o chiu
mmen M ta c th dng phng php o chiu t thng (tc l
o chiu dng kch t Ikt ) hoc l o chiu dng in phn
ng I
2) Cc phng php thay i tc
a) Phng php thay i t thng ,thay i dng kch t Ikt
.Vi mt ph ti Mc nht nh .Khi gim tc ng c tng
ln
Trang 5

 n in t cng sut

nodm

dm
Iu
M(Iu)

Khi kch thch dng khc nhau c tnh c nhn c khc

nhau v dc khc nhau.Giao im mmen cn M =f(I) vi cc
ng trn cho bit tc xc lp ng vi thng s khc nhau ca
t thng .
b) Thay i in p phn ng
- iu chnh in p phn ng ng c in mt chiu
cn c thit b ngun nh my pht in mt chiu kch t
c lp , cc b chnh lu iu khin cc thit b ny c chc
nng bin i lng xoay chiu thnh mt chiu c sut in
ng Eb iu chnh c l nh tn hiu Uk
LK
BB

-Phng trnh c tnh c ca h thng nh sau:

Eb
R Rb
ud
.I u
K dm
K dm

- v t thng ca ng c c gi khng i nn cng

ca c tnh c cng khng thay i cn tc khng
ti l tng tu thuc vo gi tr in p Uk ca h thng do
c th ni phng php iu chnh ny l trit
- xc nh di iu chnh tc ta thy rng tc ln
nht ca h thng b chn bi c tnh c bn l c
tnh ng vi in p nh mc v t thng cng gi gi
tr nh mc. Tc nh nht ca di iu chnh b gii
hn bi yu cu v sai s tc v mmen khi ng , khi
mmen ti l nh mc th gi tr ln nht va nh nht ca
tc l:
Trang 6

 n in t cng sut
max 0 max

M dm

min 0 min

M dm

tho mn kh nng qu ti th c tnh thp nht ca di

iu chnh phi c mmen ngn mch l:
Mnmmin = Mcmax = KM.Mm
Trong : KM: h s qu ti v mmen, do h c tnh c l
nhng ng thng song song vi nhau nn theo nh ngha
v cng c tnh c ta c th vit:
min M nm min M dm

M
1
dm K M 1

M dm
0 max
1

M dm

M dm
KM 1
1

0 max
D

KM

* Phm vi iu chnh ph thuc tuyn tnh vo

omax
max
k1

0min

k2

min
Mm

Mnmmin

3) Vn o chiu
Chiu quay ng c ph thuc vo chiu quay mmen c th
dng hai phng php .Hoc thay i chiu dng phn ng I
hoc i chiu t thng (i chiu dng kch t Ikt).
+ Nu dng phng php o chiu dng kch t .Khi my ang
quay th do h s in cm ca cun dy kch thch ln (do
Trang 7

 n in t cng sut
c nhiu vng dy) nn khi thay i dng kch thch I kt th
xut hin sut in ng cm ng rt cao gy ra in p lm
nh thng cch in dy qun kch thch .
Do o chiu quay ng c ta chon phng php o
chiu dng phn ng I
T nhng phn tch trn ta chon phng php thay i tc l
thay i in p phn ng U (tc l iu khin U ) v o
chiu quay bng o chiu dng phn ng I
4) Mt s yu cu k thut khc
a) trn

i 1
i

Trong i , i 1 l tc n nh ca ng c t c cp i
,i+1
1 tc l h truyn ng c th n nh mi v tr
trong ton dI iu chnh
b) Di iu chnh tc
L phm vi iu chnh l t s gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh
nht ca tc lm vic ng vi mmen tI cho
D
max

gp

max
min

b hn ch bi bn ng c v bn ca vnh

min b chn bi yu cu v mmen khi ng ,kh nng

qu ti v sai s tc lm vic cho php.

c) Chng mt kch t
Khi m my phI m bo chng mt kch t m nguyn nhn
l do ngn mch kch thch
U Eu

V khi E =0 nn I = R R
u
u
U khng i ,R rt nh (in tr cun dy phn ng) nn I rt
ln lm chy dy qun v vnh gp
+ cch khc phc iu ny l phI c b phn nhn bit c
mt kch t
( 0 v do I =0) th lp tc ngt ngun cp cho phn ng
tc U =0. Khi I khng ln v trnh c s c trn.

Trang 8

 n in t cng sut
CHNG II

Mch lc
I).La chn phng n mch lc
T yu cu bi ton:
Udm= 80V
Idm = 20A
Ukt = 50V
Ikt = 2A
Cng sut nh mc ca ng c in 1 chiu
Sdm = UdmIdm = 80.20 = 1600
Cng sut kch t :
Sdmkt = Ukt.Ikt=50.2 = 100 W
V Sdm v Sdmkt nh nn ta chn mch lc l mch chnh lu 1
pha.
Ta c cc phng n a ra cho mch lc :
_ Chnh lu mt na chu k
_ Chnh lu c chu k vi bin p c trung tnh
_ Chnh lu mt pha .
1.) Chnh lu mt na chu k .
T
Ud

U1

U2

Vi s ny sng in p ra mt chiu b gin on trong

mt na chu k khi in p ant ca van bn dn m , do khi
s dng s chnh lu mt na chu k cht lng in p ti xu
.
in p ti trung bnh ln nht trn ti
Udo = 0,45U2
V cht lng in p xu nn hiu sut ca my bin p cng
thp .
Sba = 3,09.Ud.Id
+u im
_ L loi chnh lu c nguyn l n gin t van

Trang 9

 n in t cng sut
+Nhc im
_Cht lng in p xu
_Hiu sut s dng my bin p thp

2.)Chnh lu c chu k vi bin p c trung tnh

T1
U2
U1
U2

T2

2?

id

iT1

Ud

iT1

Id

Id

53210

53210

Id

Ud

2?

(dng dng ,p trn ti v in p ngc trn van T1 trong trng

hp ti thun tr v ti in cm ln)
Trang 10

 n in t cng sut
Xt vi ti RL , in cm ln lc dng v p c cht lng tt
_Bin p phi c hai cun dy th cp vi thng s ging ht
nhau, mi na chu k c mt van dn cho dng chy qua
_Khi = cho pht xung m T1 , T1 dn do in p u anot dng v c xung m .Khi = , in p trn anot = 0 nhng do c
cun cm L nn vn cn dng in Id nn T1 cha kho , T1 tip tc
dn cho n khi = + , pht xung m T2 th T1 b kho v T2
dn . T1 kho khng phi dng v 0 m l do T2 dn .
T2 li dn cho n khi = 2 + , T1 c pht xung m , T1
dn v T2 b kho li.
Qu trnh c nh vy cho n khi in p ti p mch c
tn s bng 2 ln tn s in p xoay chiu .
(Dng in p ti , dng trn cc van T1,T2 v in p ngc
trn van T1 c v trn hnh ).
Vi : l gc iu khin m .
+ in p trung bnh trn ti
Ud =

2
2

Udo =

2 2

2. U2.sind

2 2

.U2.cos = Udo.cos

.U2 = 0,9.U2 :

in p chnh lu khng iu khin khi ti l thun tr .

+ in p ngc trn van l ln
Unv = 2 2 U2
Ti c in cm ln nn dng ti lin tc id = Id
Mi van dn thng mt na chu k
+ Dng hiu dng qua van (chnh l dng hiu dng qua
my bin p).

Ihd =

1
. I d 2 d
2

Id
2

= 0,71.Id

+ H s p mch Km = 0,67.
+ Cng sut my bin p Sba = 1,48.UdId
Nhn xt :
+ u im :
_ So vi chnh lu mt na chu k th chnh lu hnh tia
c in p vi cht lng tt hn
_ Dng qua van khng qu ln
Trang 11

 n in t cng sut
_ iu khin van n gin
+ Nhc im
_ Ch to my bin p phi c 2 cun ging nhau mi
cun lm vic
1na chu k
_ Ch to bin p phc tp
_ Hiu sut s dng bin p xu hn
_ in p ngc trn van l ln .
3.) Chnh lu cu mt pha

Xt vi ti RL , in cm L ln lc dng , p , dng l
lin tc.
_ Mch c T1 , T3 chung Katot
T2 , T4 chung Anot
Na chu k u U2 > 0 , Anot ca T1 dng , Katot ca T2
m . Nu c xung iu khin m ng thi T1 v T2 th c
hai van ny c m thng v t in p li ln ti Ud = U2 .
in p ti mt chiu bng in p xoay chiu
(U d = U2)
cho n khi no T1 , T2 cn dn .(Khong dn ca cc van
ph thuc vo ti ) .
Na chu k sau, in p i du , anot ca T3 dng v
katot T4 m , nu c xung iu khin m ng thi T3,T4
th cc van ny c m thng v Ud = - U2 , vi in p mt
chiu c cng chiu vi na chu k trc

Trang 12

 n in t cng sut
a

Ud
o

2?

id

Id

Id

iT1T2

iT3T4

Id

UT1

2?

Id

i2

(Cc c tnh in p ti , dng qua ti , dng qua van

v in p ngc trn van c biu din trn hnh v).
+ Gi tr trung bnh ca ti
Ud =

2
2

2.U 2 sin .d

2 2
.U 2 cos
2

= Udo cos.

Udo : in p trung bnh ti trong chnh lu cu khng

iu khin .
+ Dng qua my bin p cng bng dng qua van (khi van m)
.
+ Gi tr hiu dng dng th cp bin p
I2 =

2
2

Id

= Id

+ in p ngc ln nht van phi chu

Unv = 2 U2
+ Dng lm vic ca van tnh theo gi tr trung bnh
IT =

1
2

Id

Id
2

= 0.71 Id
Trang 13

 n in t cng sut
+ Kdm = 0,67
+ Cng sut bin p Sba = 1,23Pd
* Nhn xt :
Cht lng in p ca chnh lu cu mt pha ging nh
chnh lu hnh tia . Hnh dng ng cong in p , dng ti ,
dng qua van bn dn , h s p mch nh trong chnh lu hnh
tia .
+ u im :
_ in p ngc trn van nh hn mt na so vi chnh lu
hnh tia Unv= 2 U2.
_ My bin p ch tao n gin hn , v c hiu sut
cao hn so vi chnh lu hnh tia .
+ Nhc im :
_ S van nhiu hn
_ iu khin van T1 ,T2 v nhm T3 , T4 phi ng thi nn
kh khn hn.
* Nhn xt chung
T cc phn tch trn ta la chn mch lc l mch chnh
lu iu khin cu mt pha.
II. Phn tch mch lc.
1. Mch lc ta chn l mch chnh lu cu mt pha iu khin
i xng 4 gc phn t.
Ti ta coi l RLE , cun cm L c thm vo lc in
p v dng .

= pht xung m T1 , T2
T1T2 dn T3 , T4 kho
Ud = U2
Trang 14

 n in t cng sut
= + pht xung m T3 , T4
T1 , T2 kho ; T3 , T4 dn (m)
U d = - U2

Ud
o

2?

id

Id

Id

iT1T2

Id

i2

in p trung bnh ti
2 2

Ud =

U2cos

+ in p ngc ln nht trn van

Unv = 2 .U 2
+Dng lin tc nn id =Id
Phng trnh mch ti
2U 2 . sin
1

2U 2 sin .d

di

=R.id +XL . dt +E
1

R.id

X L .did

Ud =RId +E
+Dng hiu dng th cp my bin p
I2 =

Id

d I d

2) Trng dn
Trang 15

 n in t cng sut

Ud
o

id

2?

iT1

iT3

Id

Trong my bin p c cun dy nn c in cm La

Gi s T1 ,T2 ang m cho dng chy qua iT1,iT2 =Id
Khi pht xung m T3,T4
V c La nn dng iT1,iT2 khng gim t ngt v 0 m dng
iT3,iT4 cng khng tng t ngt t 0 n Id
Lc ny c 4 van cng m thng cho dng chy qua ,ph ti b
ngn mch ud =0
Ngun e2 b ngn mch sinh ra dng ngn mch ic
Phng trnh
2U 2 sin X a

ic =

2 .U 2
sin( )
Xc

dia
( X a .La )
d

2 .U 2
(cos cos( ))
Xc

t ic =ic1 +ic2 ,ic1 =ic2 =0,5.ic

ic1 :lm tng dng trong T4 v lm gim dng trong T2
Trang 16

 n in t cng sut
ic2 : lm tng dng trong T3 v lm gim dng trong T1
iT 3,4

2 .U 2
cos cos
2. X c

iT 1,2 I d

2. U 2
2. X c

cos cos

Khi kt thc giai on trng dn tc khi

cos cos

th iT1,2 =0

2 . X c .I d
2 .U 2

Ta thy so vi khng trng dn c tnh in p st mt phn

v l st p gy ra do trng dn
U

2
2.

2 .U 2 . sin d

2 .U 2
. cos cos

2. X c .I d

khi gi tr trung bnh in p trn ti l

Ud =Ud -

2. X c . I d
2. X c .I d
2. 2

.U 2 . cos

Ud =R.Id +E
3) Nghch lu ph thuc
Trong ng c in mt chiu c sc phn in ng ,trong
iu kin no n c
th lm vic ch nghch lu - l ch bin i nng lng dng mt chiu

Trang 17

 n in t cng sut
pha ti thnh dng in xoay chiu cp tr li li in .ch
lm vic nh vy chnh l khi ta hm ti sinh tit kim nng lng .
sc in ng E pht nng lng tr li li in th dng v
p phi ngc chiu nhau Ud v Id ngc nhau
Do dng in ch chy theo mt chiu t A n K ca
thyristor nn ta iu chnh sao cho
- chiu dng nh c
- o chiu sc in ng Ed
- trong ch chnh lu vi gc m l th Ud =Ud0 .cos
.

nn nu 2 U d

0 tc

l in p trn ti thay i cc tnh v

ngc chiu van Do duy tr dng chy qua van t A n K

ca van th ta phi o chiu Ed v m bo

E Ud

vy ch

chnh lu ,dng trong mch c duy tr bi

Ud E >0 th trong ch nghch lu ph thuc dng c duy tr
bi

E Ud 0

Trong ch nghch lu li in nhn nng lng t pha ti

iu kin hot ng ch nghch lu ph thuc
-

- o chiu Ed
- m bo

E Ud

Trang 18

 n in t cng sut

a
o

2?

Xt dng in p trn van .

Trong mch c in cm bin p nn n c qu trnh trng dn vi
gc trng dn
xt T1,T2 ang dn , pht xung m T3 ,T4 ,UA > UK nn c
dng qua van v
T1,T2 vn cn dn t 4 van cng dn trong khong .Sau
T1 ,T2 kho v T3,T4 m
in p ngc trn van T1 ,T2 Unv =

2 .U 2 . sin U 2

in p ngc ch xut hin trn van trong khoang t

v sau in p trn T1 ,T2 li l thun (UA > UK )

Nh vy trong mt chu k lm vic mi van ch chu in p ngc trong khong t

( )

n tc l trong khong thi gian

,khong thi gian ny kh nh .

Trang 19

 n in t cng sut
Nu ( ) off (ng vi thi gian phc hi Thyristor)
,Thyristor s t m tr li khng cn dng iu khin (m t
nhin )
Khi trong mch c hai ngun cng pht nng lng khi Id
rt ln gy s c sp nghch lu .
Do an ton phi c
Chn

off 10 o

( ) off

( ng vi tof =555 s th c th kho van Thyristor

thng thng )
( off )

Vy gc m phi tho mn trong nghch lu ph thuc l

( off )
2

Trang 20

 n in t cng sut

CHNG III
Tnh ton mch lc
I ) TNH CHN van
+ in p ngc ln nht m van phi chu
Ud

Un max = knv.U2=knv. k
u
knv :h s knv = 2

ku :h s in p (mch cu 1 pha) ku = 2
Ud =110 (in p trung bnh trn ti)
Un max =

2.

110
2 2

110 172,7(v)
2

in p ngc van cn chn

Chn h s d tr in p kdtu=1,8
Unv =kdtu.Un max =1,8.172,7=310,86
Chn Unv =311 (v)
+Dng lm vic ca van c tnh theo dng hiu dng
Ilv =Ihd =khd.Id =

1
2

.I d

1
2

.15 10,6

(A)

Dng nh mc van cn chn

Im =ki.Ilv
H s d tr dng in ki .chn van lm vic iu kin c
cnh tn nhit v khng cn dng cn qut i lu thng gi chn
ki = 4
Im =4.10,6 =42,4 (A)
+T hai thng s Un max v Im ta chn 4 van thyristor loi
ACR44U08LE vi cc thng s nh sau
- in p ngc van
: Un
=800 (V)
- dng nh mc van
: Im
=44 (A)
- nh xung dng in
: Ipi k max =550( A)
- dng xung iu khin
: Ik max = 200(mA)
- in p xung iu khin : Uk max =3 (V)
Trang 21

 n in t cng sut
- dng in gi
- dng in d
- st p ln nht

: Ih max =25 (mA)

: Ir max =10 (mA)
: U max 2,7(V )

- tc thay i in p

dU
600(V / s )
dt

- thi gian chuyn mch

: tcm = 6( s )
- nhit lm vic cho php :Tmax =125 0C
II) TNH ton my bin p chnh lu
Chn my bin p mt pha lm mt bng khng kh t nhin
1) Do khi lm vic vi my bin p ,c st p trn ng ti
- st p trn in tr v in khng my bin p
U ba U V U X 6%.U 2 0,06.220 13,2(V )

- st p trn van lc U V 2,7(V )

- st p do qu trnh chuyn mch
nghim )

U 0,1.U d

(theo kinh

U d U do 2.U V U dn U ba U

Ud

U do 2.U v U dn U ba 110 2.2,7 13,2 0

143(V )
1 0,1
0,9

Cng sut biu kin my bin p

Pd =Ud .Id =143.15 =2145 (W)
Suy ra Sba =1,05.Pd =1,05.2145 =2252 (W)
2) in p s cp my bin p
+ U1 =220 (V)
3) in p pha th cp my bin p
+

U2

Ud
143 143

159(V )
kU
2 2 0,9

4) Dng in hiu dng my bin p

I2 =k2.Id =1.15 =15 (A)
( H s dng th cp my bin p k2 =1)
5) Dng in hiu dng s cp my bin p
I 1 k ba .I 2 =

U2
159
.I 2
.15 10,8( A)
U1
220

(kba l h s my bin p )

** Tnh ton mch t v dy

Chn mch t ghp t nhng l thp k thut 330 dy my
bin p l dy ng 0,5 mm ,vi mt t cm trong tr
Trang 22

 n in t cng sut
Bt =1 T

Hnh 1 s kt
cu my bin p

H h

6) Thit din mch t

Q kQ .

S ba
m. f

+ chn h s my bin p vi my bin p kh

+ s tr my bin p m =1
+ tn s dng xoay chiu f=50 (HZ)
+ Q= 6.

k q =6

2252
40,3(cm 2 )
1.50

Q = a.b =40,3 (cm ) vi cch chn thng s ti u l

m =h/a =2,5 ; n =c/a =0,7 ;l =b/a =1,5
do ta chn
a=5,2 cm ; b =Q/a=7.75cm ; c= a/2
=3,64 cm
h =2,5.a =13 cm ; H =h +a =18,2 cm
C =2.a+2.c =17,68 cm
7) S vng dy s cp my bin p
W1

U1
220

246
4,44. f .Q fe .Bt
4,44.50.40,3.10 4 .1

(vng )

8) S vng dy cun th cp my bin p

W2

U2
159
.W1
.246 178
U1
220

(vng )

9) Chn s b mt dng in trong dy s cp v th cp l

J1 =J2 =2,75 (A/mm2)
10) +Dy s cp
S1 =I1/J1= 10,8/2,75=3,93 (mm2)
Trang 23

 n in t cng sut
+ng knh dy
d1

4.S1

4.3,93
2,24( mm 2 )

Chun ho ng dy chn d1 =2,26 mm

S1 =4,012 mm2
Tnh li mt dng in J1 =I1/S1 =10,8/4,012 =2,69
(A/mm2)
11) Dy th cp
+Tit din S2 =I2/J2 =15/2,75 =5,45 (mm2)
+ ng knh d2 =

4.S 2

4.5,45
2,63( mm 2 )

Chun ho li ng knh dy ly d2 =2,44 mm

Tnh li S2 =4,676 mm2 .
Mt dng khi J2 =I2 /S2 =15/4,676 =3,2 A/mm2
12) Cun s cp
h =13 cm =130 mm
d1 =2,24 mm
+ s vng dy trn mt lp W1l =

h 2.d1
56
d1

(vng)

+W1 =246 =4.56 +22

Nh vy cun s cp qun thnh 5 lp .gia cc lp c 1 t
giy cch in mng 0,1 mm .B dy dy qun cun s cp
e1 =5.d1 +6.0,1 =17,2 mm < c
13)
Cun th cp
d2 = 2,63 mm
+ S vng dy trn mt lp W2l =

h 2.d 2
51
d2

+W2 = 178 =3.51 +23 .Nh vy ta cng qun cun th cp

thnh 4 lp gia cc lp c giy cch in 0,1 mm
B dy dy qun th cp
e2 =4.d2+5.0,1 =4.2,63 +0,5 =10,26 mm
suy ra e1 +e2 =17,2 +10,26 =27,46 mm < c =36,4 mm
*** Tnh in khng my bin p v gc trng dn
Bd1 =e1 =17,2 mm =1,72 cm
Bd2 = e2 =10,26 mm =1,026 cm
a12 =0,01 cm b dy cch in gia cc lp
w2 =178 vng
a = 5 b = 6 suy ra a 2 b 2 5 2 6 2 7,8cm 78mm bn knh trong
ca ng qun dy l

78
39mm
2

ng dy cch in lm bng vt liu cch in 1mm c bn

knh trong q12 =40 mm
Trang 24

 n in t cng sut
chiu cao s dng hsd =h= 150 mm
Bd1 Bd 2
r
a12
h
3

X a 8. 2 .w 2 2
8. 2 .178 2.

.w.10

40
1,72 1,03
7
. 0,01
0,062()
.314.10
150
3

T y theo phn phn tch mch lc trong trng dn ta c gc

trng dn c xc nh cos cos( )

2. X c .I d
2 .U 2

gc trng dn ln

nht ng vi 0
max / 1 cos max

2. X c .I d
2 .U 2

cos max 1 0,009 0,991

Ly max 8

2.0.062.15
2 .159

0,009

suy ra max 7 36
0

'

III) tnh ton bo v van

1) Bo v qu nhit cho van bn dn
Khi lm vic vi dng in chy qua trn van c st p , do
c tn hao cng sut p ,tn hao ny sinh ra nhit t nng van
bn dn .
Mt khc van bn dn ch c php lm vic di nhit cho
php Tcp no nu qu nhit cho php th cc van bn dn
s b ph hng . cho van bn dn lm vic an ton, khng b
chc thng v nhit, ta phi chn v thit k h thng to nhit
hp l .
+Tnh ton cch to nhit
+Tn tht cng sut trn 1 Thyristor
P=U.I=2,7.10,6=28,62(W)
Din tch b mt to nhit:
Sm

P
k m .

p : tn hao cng sut (W)

: chnh lch so vi mi trng
Chn Tmt = 400C
Nhit lm vic cho php ca Tcp=1250C
Chn nhit trn cnh to nhit
Tlv=800C
=Tlv-Tmt =80 40 = 400C
k m :H s to nhit bng i lu v bc x
Chn k m =8 (w/m2. 0C)
Sm

28,62
0,0894m 2 894cm 2
8.40

Chn loi cnh to nhit c 7 cnh

Kch thc mi cnh a.b=8.8 =64(cm2)
Trang 25

 n in t cng sut
Tng din tch to nhit ca cnh
S=7.2.8.8=896 (cm2)
2) Bo v van trnh xung in p khi chuyn mch bn dn
Trong qu trnh chuyn mch van do mch c nhng in cm
ln nn c xut hin nhng xung p ln tc l

dU
dt

ln .Tc tng

p ln hn gi tr cc i th thyristor c th m m khng cn
dng iu khin lm cho mt
kh nng iu khin m
thyristor .ng thi khi c s chuyn mch cc in tch tch t
trong cc lp bn dn phng ra ngoi to ra dng in ngc trong
khong thi gian ngn ,s bin thin nhanh chng ca dng in
ngc ,gy ra sc in ng cm ng rt ln trong cc in cm
lm cho qu in p gia anod v catod ca Tiristor .
Khi c mch R-C mc song song vi Tiristor to ra mch vng
phng in tch trong qu trnh chuyn mch nn Tiristor khng
b qu in p .

Vi thyristor ta chn v theo kinh nghim ta chn R = 20 ( )

v C = 4 ( F )
IV) thit k b lc mt chiu
Mc ch l xc nh tr s in cm lc cn thit sao
cho tho mn h s p mch cho trc ng thi hiu chnh d
c kch thc va phi
Ta dng mt in cm mc ni tip vi ng c .in khng ca
in cm L .
Xd =w.L cng ln so vi Rd cng tt
L

2.Rd
mdm .w1 (mdm 2 1).K dmr

Ud

143

Rd = I 15 9,5()
d
Cu mt pha c mdm =2,w1 =2. .f =100.
kdm = 0,67
thay vo ta c

2.9,5
2.100..(2 2 1).0,67

0.015( H )

nh vy ta cn c mt cun cm c tr s in cm L=0,015 (H)

Trang 26

 n in t cng sut
b

Li thp cun
khng

H h

Li thp cun khng lc c dng nh trn .Ta tnh ton mch t ca

cun khng theo ti liu hng dn
1) Kch thc li thp
kch thc c s
a= 2,6. 4 L.I d 2 2,6.4 0,015.15 2 3,5cm
chn a =5 cm b = 1,2.a = 6 cm
c = 0,8.a =4 cm
h =3.a =15 cm
tit in li thp Sth =a.b =5.6 =30 cm2
din tch ca s Scs =h.c =15.4 = 60 cm2
di trung bnh ng sc lth =2.(a+h+c) =2.(5+15+4) = 48
cm
di trung bnh dy qun ldq =2.(a+b) + .c =2.(5 + 6) +
3,14.4 =34,6 cm
Th tch li thp Vth =2.a.b.(a +h +c) =2 .5.6.(5 +15 +4) =1440
cm3
2) in tr dy qun 200c m bo st p cho php
U 1,2V

r20

U / I d

1 4,26.10

.(Tmt T 20)

1,2 / 15
1 4,26.10

.(40 50 20)

0,08
0,0615
1,3

3) S vng dy ca cun cm
w 414.

r20 .S cs
0,0615.60
414.
135
l dq
34,6

vng

4) Mt t trng
H=

100.w.I d
100.135.15

4219
lth
48

A/m

5) Cng t cm B . chn U 6 v
Trong chnh lu cu 1 pha c p mch trong mt chu k in p
nn tn s p mch fm = 2.50 =100 HZ nn
B

U .10 4
6.10 4

0,033(T )
4,44.w. f dm .S th
4,44.135.100.30

Trang 27

 n in t cng sut
6) Tnh chn h s .
H
V B =0,033 > 0,005 T nn 542.(1000 ) 0,75 .10 6

184.10 6

(H/m)

7) Tnh in cm nhn c
Ltt

.w 2 .S th 184.10 6.135 2.130

21.10 3
100.lth
100.34,8

(H)

Ltt ln hn 5% gi tr yu cu nn chp nhn c

8) Tit din dy qun
S = 0,072 .

l dq. S cs

0,072.

r20

34,6.60
13,23mm 2
0,0615

Chn loi dy c ng knh d = 4,1 mm c tit din S =13,2

mm2 (loi dy chun)
9) Xc nh khe h ti u
Lkk =1,6.10-3 .w.Id =1,6.10-3 .135.15 =3,24 mm
V vy ming m c dy lm =0,5.3,24 =1,62 mm
10) Kch thc cun dy
Chn li cun dy c dy e =5 mm nn c cao s dng
qun dy
hdq=h 2.e =15 -2.0,5 = 14 cm
+ s vng dy trong mt lp
W=

hsd
14

34
d
0,41

vng

Vy mt lp qun c 34 vng
W =135 =3.34 +33
Vy ta qun thnh 4 lp .Nu ly khong cch gia 2 lp dy qun
cd 1mm

th b dy c cun l ecd =n.(d + cd ) = 4.(4,1 +0,1) =16,8 mm

11) dy cun dy ecd < 0,5.c (c = 4 cm)
Nn cun dy lt trong ca s
12) Kim tra chnh lch nhit
- Tn tht ng
Pcu =

1,02.U .I d

1 4,26.10

.(Tmt 20)

1,02.1,2.15
1 4,26.10 3.( 40 20)

14,6

(w)

Tng din tch b mt ca cun dy

Scu =2.h.(a +b+ .ecd )+1,4.e cd ( .ecd 2.a )
= 2.15 (5 +6 +3,14.1,68 ) + 1,4 .1,68 .(3,14 .1,68 +2.5 )
=524 (cm2)
H s pht nhit

1,04.10 3. 6

chnh lch nhit

5
5
1,04.10 3. 6
0,87.10 3 ( w / 0 C.cm 2 )
hsd
14

Pcu
14,6

32 50( 0 C )

3
.S cu 0,87.10 .524

Trang 28

 n in t cng sut
chnh lch nhit ny l cho php

CHNG IV
TNH Ton mch iu khin
I) Nhim v ca mch iu khin:
Nhim v ca mch iu khin l to ra cc xung vo
nhng thi im mong mun m cc Tiristor ca b chnh lu
trong mch ng lc.Tiristor ch m cho dng in chy qua khi
c in p dng t trn Anod v c xung p dng t vo
cc iu khin. Sau khi tiristor m th xung iu khin
khng cn tc dng g na, dng in chy qua tiristor do thng
s ca mch ng lc quyt nh
Mch iu khin c chc nng :
- iu chnh v tr xung iu khin trong phm vi na chu
k dng ca in p t trn Anod Catod ca Tiristor
- To ra c cc xung iu kin m tiristor rng
xung
tx > 10 s
rng xung c xc nh theo biu thc:
tx=

I dt
di / dt

Trang 29

 n in t cng sut
Trong Idt: dng duy tr ca Tiristor
di/dt: tc tng trng ca dng ti
i tng cn iu khin c c trng bi gc
II) Nguyn l mch iu khin
Ta c hai phng php iu khin thyristor l phng php iu
khin ngang v phng php iu khin thng ng. n
gin ta dng phng php iu khin thng ng tuyn tnh
Khi in p xoay chiu hnh sin t vo anod ca Tiristo,
c th iu khin c gc m ca Tiristo trong vng in
p + anod, ta cn to mt in p ta dng tam gic, ta thng gi
l in p ta l in p rng ca Urc. Nh vy in p ta cn c
trong vng in p dng anod.
Dng mt in p mt chiu Uk so snh vi in p ta. Ti
thi im (t1,t4) in p ta bng in p iu khin (Urc =
Uk), trong vng in p dng anod, th pht xung iu khin
Xk. Tiristo c m t thi im c xung iu khin (t1,t4) cho
ti cui bn k (hoc ti khi dng in bng 0)

Udf

Urc
Udk

t
t

Xdk
Ud

t
t1

t2

t3

t4

t5

Hnh 2: S nguyn l iu
khin chnh lu
Trang 30

 n in t cng sut
S khi mch iu khin.
thc hin c nu trong phn nguyn l iu
khin trn, mch iu khin bao gm ba khu c bn trn
hnh 3

ng pha

So snh

To xung

Hnh 3. S khi mch iu khin

Nhim v ca cc khu trong s khi hnh 3 nh sau:

+Khu ng pha c nhim v to in p ta Urc (thng
gp l in p dng rng ca tuyn tnh) trng pha vi in p
anod ca Tiristo
+Khu so snh c nhim v so snh gia in p ta vi
in p iu khin Uk, tm thi im hai in p ny bng
nhau (Uk = Urc). Ti thi im hai in p ny bng nhau, th
pht xung u ra gi sang tng khuch i.
+Khu to xung c nhim v to xung ph hp m Tiristo.
Xung m Tiristor c yu cu: sn trc dc thng ng,
m bo yu cu Tiristo m tc thi khi c xung iu khin (thng gp loi xung ny l xung kim hoc xung ch nht);
rng vi rng xung ln hn thi gian m ca Tiristo; cng
sut; cch ly gia mch iu khin vi mch ng lc (nu in
p ng lc qu ln)
1) Khi ng pha

Tr
R2
C1

R1

B
A1

D1

R3

A2

U1
Ur

Hnh
: S
ng pha dng KTT
d- dng4khuch
i khu
thut ton.
b.

Trang 31
4

0
1
2
3
5

0
1
2
3
5

 n in t cng sut
Ngy nay cc vi mch c ch to ngy cng nhiu, cht lng
ngy cng cao, kch thc ngy cng gn, ng dng cc vi mch
vo thit k mch ng pha c th cho ta cht lng in p ta
tt,iu khin gc m ln gc m c th t ti 180 0. Trn s
m t s to in p ta dng khuch i thut ton (KTT).
2) Khu so snh
Urc
Udk

R1
R2

R1

Urc

A3

A3

R2

Udk

Ura

Ura

c.

b.

Hnh 5 : S khu so snh

xc nh c thi im cn m Tiristo chng ta cn so
snh hai tn hiu Uk v Urc. Vic so snh cc tn hiu c
th c thc hin bng Tranzitor nhng Tranzitor khng lm vic
ch ng ct nh ta mong mun, do nhiu khi lm thi
im m Tiristo b lch kh xa so vi im cn m ti Uk =
Urc. khc phc iu ny ta dng khuych i thut ton .KTT
c h s khuych i rt ln nn ch cn mt tn hiu rt nh
4
0n
1
2
3
5
u vo ta c in p u ra
53210 ngun nui .u im
4 ca
0
1
2
3
5
4
4
0
1
2
3
5
l c th pht xung chnh xc 4ti 53210Uk=Ura
4
0
1
2
3
5
3) Khu to xung

53210

53210

Vi nhim v to xung ph hp m Tiristo nh nu trn,

tng khuch i cui cng thng c thit k bng Tranzitor cng
sut, nh m t trn hnh 6a. c xung dng kim gi ti Tiristo, ta
dng bin p xung (BAX), c th khuch i cng sut ta dng
Tr, it D bo v Tr v cun dy s cp bin p xung khi Tr kho
t ngt. Mc d vi u im n gin, nhng s ny c dng
khng rng ri, bi l h s khuch i ca tranzitor loi ny nhiu
khi khng ln, khuch i c tn hiu t khu so snh
a sang.
Tng khuch i cui cng bng s darlington nh trn
hnh 6b thng hay c dng trong thc t. s ny hon
ton c th p ng c yu cu v khuch i cng sut, khi
h s khuch i c nhn ln theo thng s ca cc tranzitor.
Trong thc t xung iu khin ch cn c rng b (c
khong (10 200) s), m thi gian m thng cc tranzitor cng
sut di (ti a ti mt na chu k - 0.01s), lm cho cng sut to
Trang 32

 n in t cng sut
nhit d ca Tr qu ln v kch thc dy qun s cp bin p d ln.
gim nh cng sut to nhit Tr v kch thc dy s cp BAX
chng ta c th thm t ni tng nh hnh 6c. Theo s ny, Tr
ch m cho dng in chy qua trong khong thi gian np t,
nn dng hiu dng ca chng b hn nhiu ln.

+E

+E

BAX

BAX

D
Tr

Tr1

Tr

Uv

Uv

a.

b.
+E

BAX
D

Uv

Tr1

Tr

D
4

53210

53210

53210

53210

c.

Hnh 6: S cc khu khuch i.

a- bng tranzitor cng sut; b- bng s
darlington;
c- s c t ni tng.
4

53210

53210

gim cng sut cho tng khuch i v tng s lng xung

kch m, nhm m bo Tiristo m mt cch chc chn, ngi ta
hay pht xung chm cho cc Tiristo. Nguyn tc pht xung chm l
Trang 33

 n in t cng sut
trc khi vo tng khuch i, ta a chn thm mt cng v () vi
tn hiu vo nhn t tng so snh v t b pht xung chm nh
hnh 7
T so snh
Ti khuch i
T chm xung

53210

Hnh 7: S phi hp to xung

chm.

53210

Trong thit k mch iu khin, thng hay s dng KTT. Do

ng dng v linh kin, khu to chm xung s dng KTT
R3

R2

R1

b.

Hnh 7 :S to xung chm dng KTT

0
1
2
3
5

0
1
2
3
5

0
1
2
3
5

0
1
2
3
5

Trang 34

 n in t cng sut

5) Gii thch hot ng ca mch iu khin

Ta c s nguyn l mch iu khin Tiristo m t
trn hnh 8
UA
t

UB
t

t
Udk

Urc
UD

UE

UF
t
Xdk

t
Ud
t

t1

t2

t3

t4

t5

Hnh 9. Gin cc ng cong mch

iu khin.

Hot ng ca mch iu khin hnh 8 c th gii

thch theo gin cc ng cong trn hnh 9 nh sau:

- 35 -

 n in t cng sut

in p vo ti im A (UA) c dng hnh sin, trng

pha vi in p anod ca Tiristo T, qua khuch i thut
ton (KTT) A1 cho ta chui xung ch nht i xng UB.
Phn p dng ca in p ch nht UB qua it D1 ti
A2 tch phn thnh in p ta Urc. in p m ca
in p UB lm m thng tranzitor Tr1, kt qa l A2 b
ngn mch (vi Urc = 0) trong vng UB m. Trn u ra
ca A2 chng ta c chui in p rng ca Urc gin on.
in p Urc c so snh vi in p iu khin Uk
ti u vo ca A3. Tng i s Urc + Uk quyt nh
du in p u ra ca KTT A3. Trong khong 0t1 vi
Uk Urc in p UD c in p m. Trong khong
t1t2 in pUk v U rc i ngc li, lm cho UD lt ln
dng. Cc khong thi gian tip theo gii thch in p
UD tng t.
Mch a hi to chm xung A4 cho ta chui xung tn
s cao, vi in p UE trn hnh 8.16. Dao ng da hi
cn c tn s hng chc kHz y ch m t nh
tnh.
Hai tn hiu UD, UE cng c a ti khu AND hai
cng vo. Khi ng thi c c hai tn hiu dng UD, UE
(trong cc khong t1t2, t4t5) chng ta s c xung ra UF.
Cc xung ra UF lm m thng cc tranzitor, kt qu l
chng ta nhn c chui xung nhn Xdk trn bin p
xung, a ti m Tiristo T.
in p Ud s xut hin trn ti t thi im c xung
iu khin u tin, ti cc thi im t2, t4 trong chui
xung iu khin, ca mi chu k in p ngun cp, cho
ti cui bn k in p dng anod.

- 36 -

 n in t cng sut

III) TNH TON MCH IU KHIN

(s tng th mch iu khin )

Thyristor dng trong mch l ACR44U08L

- in p ngc van
: Un
=800 (V)
- dng nh mc van
: Im
=44 (A)
- nh xung dng in
: Ipi k max =550( A)
- dng xung iu khin
: Ik max = 200(mA)
- in p xung iu khin : Uk max =3 (V)
- dng in gi
: Ih max =25 (mA)
- dng in d
: Ir max =10 (mA)
- st p ln nht
: U max 2,7(V )
- tc thay i in p

dU
600(V / s )
dt

- thi gian chuyn mch

: tcm = 6( s )
- nhit lm vic cho php :Tmax =125 0C

Vic tnh ton mch iu khin thng c tin hnh

t tng khuch i ngc tr ln. Cng sut cho tng
khuych i tnh l thng s ca cc iu khin
Tiristo ( Uk; Ik).
- Cc thng s c bn tnh mch iu khin:
- 37 -

 n in t cng sut

- in p iu khin Tiristo Uk=3 V

- Dng in iu khin Ik =200 mA =0,2 A
- Tn s xung fx = 3000 HZ
- rng xung iu khin tx = 167 ms
- Mc st bin xung sx =0,15
- mt i xng cho php =4o
- in p ngun nui mch iu khin U = 12 V
- Thi gian m Tiristo:tm =80 (s)
1. Tnh bin p xung
+ Chn vt liu lm li l st Ferit HM. Li c dng
hnh xuyn, lm vic trn mt phn ca c tnh t
ho c: B = 0,3 (T), H = 30 ( A/m ) , khng c khe h
khng kh.
+ T s bin p xung: chn m= 3
+ in p cun th cp my bin p xung: U 2 = Udk
=3,0 (v)
+ in p t ln cun s cp my bin p xung:
U1 = m. U2 = 3.3 = 9 (v)
+ Dng in th cp bin p xung: I2 = Idk =0,2 (A)
+ Dng in s cp bin p xung:
I 1 = I2 /m
=0,2/3=0,066(A)
+ t thm trung bnh tng i ca li st: tb
=B/0 . H = 8.103
Trong :
0=1,25.10-6 (H/ m) l t thm ca khng
kh
Th tch ca li thp ca li thp cn c:
V= Q.L = (tb . 0 . tx . sx . Ul . Il )/ B2
Thay s V=1,66.10-6 (m3 ) = 1,66 ( cm3 ).
Chn mch t c th tch V= 2,36 (cm3 ) > 1,66 cm3
Vi th tch ta c kch thc mch t nh sau:

- 38 -

 n in t cng sut

.H
nh chiu li bin p xung .

a = 5 mm;
b = 5 mm;
Q = 0,25 cm2 = 25 mm2
d = 25 mm;
D = 35 mm . Chiu di trung bnh
mch t: l = 9,42 (cm)
+ S vng qun dy s cp bin p xung:
Theo nh lut cm ng in t: U1 =w1 . Q. dB/dt
= w1 . Q. B/tx
w1 = U1 tx / B.Q =

9.167.10 6
25.10 6 .0,3

+ S vng dy th cp:
(vng )

200

(vng);

W 2 = w1 / m = 200/3 = 66

+ Tit din dy qun th cp:

Chn mt dng in J1 =6 ( A/mm2 )
S1 = I1 /J1 = 66,6.10-3 /6 = 0,0111 (mm2 )
+ ng knh dy qun s cp:
(mm)
Chn d = 0,12 (mm)
S1 =0,01131 mm2

- 39 -

d1 =

4S1

= 0,118

 n in t cng sut

Mt dng in J1 =I1 /S1 =0,066 / 0,01131 =

5,836 A/mm2
+ Tit din dy qun th cp: S 2 = I2 / J2 = 0,2/4 =
0,05 (mm2 )
Chn mt dng in J2 = 4 (A/ mm2 )
+ ng knh dy qun th cp: d1 =

4S2
=

0,252

(mm)
Chn dy c ng knh d2 =0,252 (mm)
Chun ho li ng dy d2 =0,25 suy ra S2
=0,04909
J2 =I2 / S2 =0,2 /0,04909 = 4,074 A/ mm2
2. Tnh tng khuch i cui cng
Chn Tranzitor cng sut loi Tr3 loi 2SC9111 lm vic
ch xung c cc thng s:
Tranzitor loi npn, vt liu bn dn l Si .
in p gia Colecto v Baz khi h mch Emito: U CBO
=40(v)
in p gia Emito v Baz khi h mch Colecto: U EBO
=4(v)
Dng in ln nht Colecto c th chu ng :
Icmax = 500 (mA).
Cng sut tiu tn colecto
: Pc =1,7 (w)
Nhit ln nht mt tip gip
: T1 =1750 C
H s khuch i
: =50
Dng lm vic ca colecto
: I c2 = I1 =66,6
(mA).
Dng lm vic ca Baz
: I B2 =Ic2 /
=66,6 /50 =1,32(mA)
Ta thy rng vi loi Tiristo chn c cng sut iu
khin kh b

- 40 -

 n in t cng sut

Udk = 3,0 (v), Idk = 0,2 (A), Nn dng colecto Baz ca

Tranzito Ir3 kh b, trong trng hp ny ta c th khng
cn Tranzito T2 m vn c cng sut iu khin
Tranzito.
Chn ngun cp cho bin p xung: E= + 12 ( V) ta
phi mc thm in tr R10 ni tip vi cc emitor ca Ir3,
R1.
R10 = (E-U1)/I1 = (12 - 9)/0,066 =45 ()
Tt c cc it trong mch iu khin u dng loi
1N4009 c tham s:
+ Dng in nh mc
: Idm = 10 (A)
+ in p ngc ln nht
: UN = 25 (v),
+ in p cho it m thng : Um = 1 (v)
3. Chn cng AND
Ton b mch in phi dng 8 cng AND nn ta
chn hai IC 4081 h CMOS. Mi IC 4081 c 4 cng ADN,
cc thng s:
Ngun nui IC: Vcc = 39 (V), ta chn: Vcc = 12 (V).
Nhit lm vic: - 40o C 80o C
in p ng vi mc logic 1: 24,5 (V).
Dng in nh hn 1mA
Cng sut tiu th P=2,5 (nW/1 cng).
+Vc c

14
12

13

11

10

&

&

&

&
3

.S chn IC 4081

- 41 -

 n in t cng sut

5. Tnh chn b to xung chm

53210

53210

4. Chn in tr R9
in tr R9 dng hn ch dng in a vo Baz
ca Tranzitor Ir2, chn R9 tho mn iu kin:
R9 U/Ir2 = 4,5 /1,32 .10-3 =3,4.103 =3,4 ( k);

R3

R2

R1

b.

Mi knh iu khin phi dng 4 khuch i thut

ton, do ta chn 8 IC
loi TL 084 do hng
texasInstruments ch to, mi IC ny c 4 khuch i
thut ton. Thng s ca TL084: 4 53210
4
53210
in p ngun nui
: Vcc = 18 (V) chn Vcc =
12 (V)
Hiu in th gia hai u vo
Nhit lm vic
Cng sut tiu th

: 30 (V)

: 53210T4 =53210 -25 850 C

: P = 680 (mW) = 0,68

(W)
Tng tr u vo
: Rin= 106 ( M)
Dng in u ra
: Ira = 30 ( pA).
Tc bin thin in p cho php:
du/dt = 13
(V/s)

- 42 -

 n in t cng sut
14

13

12

11

10

+
-

+
3

4
Ucc

.S chn IC TL084

Mch to chm xung c tn s f= 1/2t x = 3 ( kHz) hay chu

k ca xung chm
T= 1/f = 334 (s); ta c: T= 2. R8. C2. ln(1+2. R6/ R7)
Chn R6= R7= 3 (k ) . th T= 2,2 R8. C2 = 334 (s)
Vy: R8. C2 = 151,8 (s)
Chn t C2 = 0,1s c in p U = 16 (V) ; R8= 1,518
().
thun tin cho vic iu chnh khi lp mch th
ta chn R8 l bin tr 2 K
6. Tnh chn tng so snh
Khuch i thut ton chn loi TL 084
Chn R4= R5 > Uv/I v = 12/ 1.10-3 = 12 (K)
Trong nu ngun nui Vcc = 12 (V) Th in p
vo A3 l Uv12 (v).
Dng in vo c hn ch Ilv < 1 (m A).
Do ta chn R4= R5= 15 (K) khi dng vo A3:
Ivmax= 12/ (15. 103) = 0,8 ( m A)
7. Tnh chn khu ng pha
in p t c hnh thnh do s np ca t C 1, mt
khc bo m in p t c trong c chu k in
p li l tuyn tnh (v ta cn cn mch hot ng h

- 43 -

 n in t cng sut

nghch lu ph thuc ) th hng s thi gian t np c Tr = R3. C1 = 0,01 (s)

Chn t C1 = 0,1 (F) th in tr R3 = Tr/ C1 = 0,01 /
0,1. 10-6 = 100 k
Vy: R3 = 100(k)

chn Tranzito T1 loi A564 c cc thng s:

Tranzito loi pnp lm bng Si
in p gia Colecto v Baz khi h mch Emito: U CBO
=25(v)
in p gia Emito v Baz khi h mch Colecto: U EBO
=7(v)
Dng in ln nht Colecto c th chu ng :
Icmax = 100 (mA).
Nhit ln nht mt tip gip
:
Tcp
=1500 C
H s khuch i
: =250
Dng cc i ca Baz : IB1 =Ic / =100/250 =0,4(A
in tr R2 hn ch dng in i vo baz
tranzito T2 c chn nh sau:
Chn R2 tho mn iu kin: R2 UN Max/IB 12/0,4.
10-3 = 30 ( k)
Chn R2 = 30 ( k)
Chn in p xoay chiu ng pha: UA =9(v).
in tr R1 hn ch dng in i vo khuch i
thut ton A1, thng chn R1 sao cho dng vo khuch i
thut ton Iv < 1mA. Do
R1 > UA/I v = 9/ 1.10-3 = 9 (K)
Chn R1 = 10 ( k).
8. To ngun nui

- 44 -

 n in t cng sut
+12V

7812

.
.
.

a
b

C4

C6

A
380~ B
C

.
.
.

a
b

C5

C7

7912

S nguyn l to ngun nui

12V

Ta cn to ra ngun in p 12 (V) cp cho

bin p xung, nui IC, cc b iu chnh dng in, tc
v in p t tc .
Ta dng mch chnh lu cu 3 pha dng it, in p
th cp my bin p ngun nui: U 2 =12/2,34 = 5,1(v) ta
chn U2 =9(v)
n nh in p ra ca ngun nui ta dng 2 vi
mch n p 7812 v 7912, cc thng s chung ca vi
mch ny:
in p u vo: UV = 735 (V).
in p u ra: Ura= 12(V) vi IC 7812.
Ura= -12(V) vi IC 7912
Dng in u ra: Ira = 01 (A).
T in C4, C5 dng lc thnh phn sng di bc
cao.
Chn C4= C5 =C6 =C7 = 470 (F) ; U= 35 V

- 45 -

-12V

 n in t cng sut

PHUNG PHP iu khin ring

Nguyn l o chiu theo phng php iu khin

ring
Trong mch c hai b chnh lu , mi mch chnh lu
hot ng mt cch ring r vi nhau .B chnh lu 1 chy
th b 2 khng chy khi cn o chiu th cho b 2
chay cn b1 ngh
Do van thyristor ch iu khin m m khng iu
khin ngt c nn ta phi iu khin sao cho hai b
khng hot ng cng mt lc ,v nu nh vy th c hai
b chnh lu cng chy dn ti s lin thng trong van
dng l rt ln van b nh thng
Do thyristor l van bn iu khin nn vic ngt
xung cha m bo b chinh l ngh
- Thyristor ang dn th vic ct xung iu
khin nh hng n s dn ca n ,n tip tc dn
v ch kho van khi dng qua van v 0
- Sau khi dng v 0 n ch kho chc chn
sau mt khong thi gian na , l thi gian phc
hi .do ta phi ngt hon ton b chnh lu ny sau
khong hti gian ri cho b kia hot ng
- pht hin c dng v 0 ta cn mt
sensor dng
- Sau khi dng v 0 phi gi mt khong thi
gian tr thyristor kho chc by gi cho b sau hot
ng
** T nhn xt trn ta c th t o chiu 4 bc
1. ngt xung iu khin I1
2. o dng I1 tm thi im I1= 0 b chnh lu 1
kho
3. i khong thi gian
thi gian phc hi m bo
van chnh lu kho chc
4. Bt u pht xung cho b 2 hot ng
Nu sdd Ed cha o chiu th khng c php
chy b 2 ch chnh lu 90 v lc Ed v Id

- 46 -

FX 1

n in t cng sut

i1L

iLd

LOG
i2L

FX 2

1
&
i1L

i2L
iLd

b1

&

b1

&

b2

&

b2

cng chiu nhau gy sp nghch lu (dng chy qua van

rt ln )
Do trc ht phi cho b 2 hot ng ch
nghch lu

90 tc l hot ng ch nghch lu ph thuc

,nhng phi m bo cc iu kin nghch lu ph thuc

90 < < 180 (gc trng dn +gc
phc hi)
Khi thc hin hm ti sinh Ed mt dn nng lng , khi
Ed =0 cho
b 2 hot ng ch chnh lu 90
thc hin cc bc o chiu ta thc hin nh sau :
Khi iu khin ring hai b bin i lm vic
ring r nhau, ti mt thi im ch pht xung iu
khin vo mt b bin i cn mt b bin i kia
b kho do cha c xung iu khin. H c hai b bin
i l B1v B2 vi cc mch pht xung iu khin tng ng l FX1 v FX2 . Trt t hot ng ca b pht
xung ny c quy nh bi cc tn hiu lgic b1 v
b2. Qu trnh hm v o chiu c m t bng
th thi gian.
Trong khong thi gian t 0 -> t 1 b B1 lm vic
ch chnh lu vi 1 </2 cn b B2 th kho .
Ti t1 pht lnh o chiu bi iL gc iu khin 1
tng t bin ln hn /2 dng in phn ng gim
v khng lc ny cc xung kho b B1 .
Thi im t2 c xc nh bi cm bin dng
in SI1. Trong khong thi gian tr t= t 3 t2 b B1
b kho hon ton, dng in phn ng b trit tiu.
- 47 -

 n in t cng sut

Ti t3 s E vn cn dng, tn hiu lgic b2 kch

cho FX2 m B2 vi gc >/2 v sao cho dng in
phn ng khng vt qu gi tr cho php ng c c
hm ti sinh.
Nu nhp iu gim 2 ph hp vi qun tnh ca
h th c th duy tr dng in hm v dng in
khi ng ngc khng i , iu ny c thc hin
bi cc mch vng iu chnh t ng dng in
ca h thng trn s ca khi lgic LOG , i L , iL1 , iL2
l cc tn hiu lgic u vo b1,b2 l cc tn hiu
lgic u ra kho cc b pht xung iu khin.
iL = 1 pht xung iu khin m B1.
iL = 0 pht xung iu khin m B2.
i1L (i2L) = 1 c dng in chy qua b B1 v B2
b1(b2) = 1 kho b pht xung FX1 v FX2.
T mch lgic trn ta c:
__

__

b1 i LD . i1L i 2 L
__

b2 i LD . i2 L i1L

Nhn xt:
H truyn ng van o chiu iu khin ring c u im l lm vic an ton ,khng c dng in cn
bng chy gia cc b bin i nn khng cn thit
k cun khng cn bng ,song cn mt khong thi
gian tr trong dng in ng c bng khng.
Do nguyn tc iu khin ring dng hai b bin i
lm vic c lp, trong mt thi im th ch c
mt b B lm vic cn b B kia phi chc chn
kho( c ngha l dng in qua b B ny phi bng
0). Ta s dng xenx dng in nhn bit c
dng in chy qua b B hay khng. xenxo dng ny
ta dng in tr shunt .in tr ny khi c dng qua
n th mt in p c 60 mV ly ra u ra .tn
hiu ny qua b khuych i thut ton khuych
i in p ny

- 48 -

 n in t cng sut

R24
+E

R23
UI

A5

R22

-E

53210

53210

Ta dng mt khu thut ton so snh LM311: tn hiu

dng in qua xenx c h trn mt in tr R S to
ra tn hiu in p Vi.
u ra chn 7 mc vi ngun nui +5V qua in tr
ko ln 1k. t ca b so chn 1 c mc vo u ni
t ca mch. Cch mc ny dn n u ra c cc
trng thi kh d l 0 v 5V .Lgic ca mch l:
V0 =5V i vi Vi > 0
V0 =0V i vi Vi < 0
Nu V0 = 5V ngha l b B c dng in chy qua.
Nu V0 = 0V c ngha l b B khng c dng in
chy qua .
Do mch iu khin ring cn c thi gian to tr
nn ta chn b to tr l mch 555
+U
R1

R2

555
6

C1

Ura

C2

a.

Gc phc hi off =10o thi gian phc hi T of =555 s

T = R1.C1 = 555.10-6 chn R1 = 470 v C1 = 1,5 F

- 49 -

 n in t cng sut

Kt lun.
Qua vic thit k h thng iu khin ng c mt chiu c
o chiu gip em nm vng hn phn l thuyt c hc v
c thm nhiu s hiu bit thc t. Tuy nhin, do ni dung cng
vic hon ton mi m v tm hiu bit cn hn ch nn n
mn hc ca em cn nhiu thiu st. Em mong cc thy c ch
bo em hon thnh tt hn na nhim v ca mnh.
Em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy.

- 50 -