Classification of Urban

Roads
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Expressways
Arterial Streets
Sub-Arterial Streets
Collectors Streets
Local Streets

Expressways

For Speedy and heavy traffic

Pedestrians not allowed
Connect main markets, important places
Complete separation of opposite moving
traffic by a divider or median
Level crossings, sharp curves, steep
gradients avoided
Telephone facility, Highway Police, Servicing
Stations, Refreshment Facility available at
regular intervals

Arterial Streets
For the heavy/important traffic inside
the city
Usually along the expressways
serving as principal network of traffic
flow
Join central business district with
outside residential areas
Parking, loading, unloading
prohibited
Pedestrians are allowed to cross only

Sub-Arterial Streets
Less traffic than arterial streets
Pedestrians are allowed to cross only
at intersections
Spacing varies from 0.5 km in central
business areas to 3 to 5 km in
residential area.
Parking, loading, unloading usually
restricted and controlled

Collectors Streets
Meant for collecting the traffic from
local streets to arterial streets
Full access allowed from properties
alongside
Situated in residential, commercial,
industrial areas
Few parking restrictions except for
peak hours

Local Streets
Open access from residents, business
or other properties
Does not carry large volume of traffic
Unrestricted parking and pedestrians
allowed

Urban Road Patterns

Rectangular/Block Pattern

Radial (Star) and Block

Pattern

Radial (Star) and Circular

Pattern

Radial (Star) and Grid

Pattern

Hexagonal Pattern

Minimum Travel Pattern

Comparison between Roadways & Railway

Sr. No.

Point of Comparison

Roadways

Railways

Type of traffic

Cars, bikes, trucks,

lorries, buses, etc.

Goods & passenger

trains

Width of right of way

More

Less

Tractive resistance

More

Less

Special operational devices

Not required

Required

Rate of accidents
Cost of Construction &
maintenance

More

Less

Low

High

Suitability to hilly areas

Suitable

Not suitable

Load carrying capacity

Low

High

Distance of travel

10

Gradients & curves

Short
Steep gradients &
sharp curves can be
provided

Long
Only smooth
gradients or curves
should be provided

11

Requirement of skilled labour

for construction & maintenance

Not required

Required

Roads becoming Popular

1951- Rail: Road Passenger Transport
Proportion was 62:38
1981- Rail: Road Passenger Transport
Proportion became 20:80
At a time, Railway needs 2000 tonnes
for economical transport
At a time, Road transport can be a
truck or group of many. One truck
carries just 10 tonnes.

Roads becoming Popular

Timings in case of Railways are fixed where
they are flexible in case of road transport
The monopoly of Government is not
present in Road transport
Suitable for personal travel
Cost of Construction- Roadways- Rs. 15-25
Lakhs/km, Railways- Rs. 30-60 Lakhs/km
Cost of Maintenance- Roadways- Rs. 10,000
to 15,000 /km, Railways- Rs. 1-2 Lakhs/km.