1.

Nhng t dng thm thng tin

and (v)
also (cng)
besides (ngoi ra)
first, second, third (th nht, th hai, th ba)
in addition (thm vo )
in the first place, in the second place, in the third place ( ni th nht, ni th hai,
ni th ba)
furthermore (xa hn na)
moreover (thm vo )
to begin with, next, finally (bt u vi, tip theo l, cui cng l)

2. Nhng t du hiu ch nguyn nhn, h qu

Accordingly (Theo nh)

and so (v v th)
as a result (Kt qu l)
consequently (Do )
for this reason (V l do ny nn)
hence, so, therefore, thus (V vy)
then (Sau )

3. Nhng du hiu ch s so snh

by the same token (bng nhng bng chng tng t nh th)

in like manner (theo cch tng t)
in the same way (theo cch ging nh th)
in similar fashion (theo cch tng t th)
likewise, similarly (tng t th)

4. Nhng du hiu ch s i lp

but, yet (nhng)

however, nevertheless (tuy nhin)
in contrast, on the contrary (i lp vi)
instead (Thay v)
on the other hand (Mt khc)
still (vn)

5.T ni cu ch s nhc li
-in other words: ni cch khc
-in short: ni ngn gn li th
-in simpler terms: ni theo mt cch n gin hn l
-that is: l
-to put it differently: ni khc i th
-ti repeat: nhc li
6. Nhng t du hiu ch kt lun hoc tng kt.

and so (v v th)
after all (sau tt c)
at last, finally (cui cng)
in brief (ni chung)
in closing (tm li l)
in conclusion (kt lun li th)
on the whole (ni chung)
to conclude ( kt lun)
to summarize (Tm li)

7. T du hiu ch v d

as an example
for example
for instance
specifically
thus
to illustrate

8. Nhng t du hiu ch s khng nh

in fact (thc t l)
indeed (Tht s l)
no (khng)
yes (c)
especially (c bit l)
9. Nhng t du hiu ch a im

above (pha trn)

alongside (dc)
beneath (ngay pha di)
beyond (pha ngoi)
farther along (xa hn dc theo)
in back (pha sau)
in front (pha trc)
nearby (gn)
on top of (trn nh ca)
to the left (v pha bn tri)
to the right (v pha bn phi)
under (pha di)
upon (pha trn)
10. Nhng t du hiu ch s nhc li

in other words (ni cch khc)

in short (ni ngn gn li th)

 in simpler terms (ni theo mt cch n gin hn)

that is ( l)
to put it differently (ni khc i th)
to repeat ( nhc li)
11. Nhng t ch du hiu thi gian

afterward (v sau)
at the same time (cng thi im)
currently (hin ti)
earlier (sm hn)
formerly (trc )
immediately (ngay lp tc)
in the future (trong tng lai)
in the meantime (trong khi ch i)
in the past (trong qu kh)
later (mun hn)
meanwhile (trong khi )
previously (trc )
simultaneously (ng thi)
subsequently (sau )
then (sau )
until now (cho n by gi)

12. Showing examples (a ra v d)

For example
For instance
Such as
To illustrate:
Ex: To illustrate my point, let me tell you a little story :
minh ha cho quan im ca ti, ti k cho bn mt cu chuyn nh
13. Generalising (tng qut, ni chung)
Generally,
In general,
Generally speaking,
Overall,

 On the whole,: On the whole,I think it is a good idea but I would still like to study it
further.
- All things considered,
14. Specifying (ni chi tit, c th)
In particular,
Particularly,
Specifically,
To be more precise,
15. Expressing your opinion (nu ln kin ca mnh):
In my opinion,
Personally,
From my point of view,
From my perspective,
It seems to me that
I believe that
It appears to me that
16. Constrasting ideas (a ra kin i lp):
However,
Nevertheless,
On the other hand,
On the contrary,
Nonetheless,
Although, ..
.while/whereas
17. Comparing (so snh):
.similar to
Similarly,
In much the same way,
asas
18. Adding information (thm vo kin):
Moreover,
Furthermore,
In addition,
Besides,
Whats more,

 Apart from,
Also,
Additionally,
19. Expressing certainty (th hin s chc chn v iu g ):
Certainly,
Undoubtedly,
Obviously,
It is obvious/clear that
Definitely
20. Expressing agreement (a ra s ng tnh):
in agreement that
in accordance with..
Accordingly
21. Stating the reason why something occurs/happens (a ra l do, nguyn
nhn):
Due to
Owing to
This is due to
because
because of
22. Stating the effect/result (a ra hu qu, kt qu):
As a result,
Therefore,
Thus,
For this reason,
Consequently,
As a consequence,
23. Sequencing (th t):
Firstly,
Secondly,
Thirdly,
Finally,
Lastly,
At the same time,
Meanwhile,

24. Concluding (kt lun):

To conclude,
In conclusion,
To summarise,
In summary,
In short,
To conclude with,