La forma de singular este adaugat:

1.

"s"

: regula generala;

2.

"es" : daca singularul substantivelor au terminatia in ch, sh, s, ss, z, x;

3.

"ies" : daca singularul are terminatia y si inaintea lui e o consoana;

4.

"es" : daca singularul are terminatia o iar substantivul e intrat de mult in

folosire;

5.

"ves" : majoritatea substantivelor terminate in f sau fe (exceptii: roof/ roofs

dwarf/ dwarfs);

6.

la substantivele de origine greaca, substantivele terminate in sis, la plural sis e

inlocuit de ses.

inainte de "s"
avem o consoana
surda (p, t, k, f,
th): cats, roofs,
boats,
books, cups ("s" se pronunta
"s")
1

inainte de "s" avem altceva decat in cazul anterior:

pronunta "z")

boxes, buses, dashes, prizes ("-es" se pronunta "iz")

babies, ladies, factories, spies

ideas, boys, balls, days ("-s" se

(from baby, lady, factory, spy) ("-ies" se pronunta "iz")

tomatoes,
potatoes,
heroes,
volcanoes
(from
tomato,
potato, hero,
volcano) ("es" se
pronunta "z")
5

wives, elves, loaves, lives, thieves, knives (from wife, elf, loaf, life, thief, knife) ("ves" se pronunta "vz")

1.

analyses, hypotheses, bases (plural from analysis, hypothesis, basis) (la singular "sis" se pronunta "sis", iar la plural "-ses" se pronunta "siz")

O serie de substantive au pluralul neregulat:

child (copil) - children, man (barbat)-men, woman (femeie) - women, die (zar) dice, foot (picior) - feet, goose (gasca) - geese, mouse (soarece) - mice, ox (bou) oxen, tooth (dinte) - teeth

Unele substantive au aceeasi forma si pentru singular si pentru plural: sheep, fish (se
adauga forma de plural es cand este vorba de mai multe specii de peste), fruit (se
adauga forma de plural -s cand este vorba de mai multe soiuri de
fructe), species, deer, series.
Ex: His favourite was a big white sheep.
The sheep were grazing in the field.
2.

Unele substantive au deja forma de plural (sunt urmate de un verb la plural);

denumind lucruri formate din doua parti: trousers, pants,shorts,
(sun)glasses, pyjamas, slacks, scissors, tongs, compasses, scales.

3.

Unele substantive nu primesc niciodata forma de plural

(money, information, news, progress, luggage, furniture, homework, advice,k
nowledge); ideea de plural se va realiza prin folosirea sintagmelor: a piece of/
two pieces of, an item of, two items of (pentru substantive ce denumesc lucruri
abstracte), a bit of. In acest caz, verbul folosit in fraza va fi totdeauna la singular.
Ex: The money is on the table.
I need a piece of valuable information.

3. Changing to -ves or -fs.

Some words ending in -f or -fe change to -ves: knife/knives, life/lives,
wife/wives, shelf/shelves
*exceptions add -s - roof/roofs, proof/proofs, chief/chiefs.

. Change -y to -ies or -s
a. If the word ends in a vowel-a,e,i,o,u, + y then just add -s.
boy/boys, journey/journeys, key/keys, tray/trays.

b. If the word ends in a consonant + y then it changes to -ies

country/countries, baby/babies, body/bodies, memory/memories