Endocrine system

What is the endocrine system?

a network of glands that release
chemical signals into the bloodstream
regulate and control body functions with
long-duration effects, such as:
sleep/wake cycle
growth and development of cells,
tissues, and organs
stress, happiness, fear
sexual arousal
hunger, thirst, metabolism

Endocrine system
What is a hormone?
a chemical signal released by a gland
that can change the behavior of cells,
tissues, & organs
can only bind to a specific receptor
Receptor
a special protein on a cell that activates
a function when a specific hormone
binds to it

Messages in the body

Nervous

Endocrine

messages carried by messages carried by

neurotransmitters hormones through
through nerves
the bloodstream
very fast effect

slower effect

short duration

long duration

targets a few
specific cells

signals every cell

that has the right
receptor

Reproduction
Asexual reproductiongenerates
offspring that are genetically identical to
a single parent.

Examples
Fission in bacteria (splitting into two
identical cells)
Budding of yeast

Reproduction
Parthenogenesis: type of asexual
reproduction in which the offspring
develops from unfertilized eggs (in some
amphibians)

Vegetative reproduction in plants

(growing of a new plant from parent
plant)

Reproduction
Insexual reproduction, two parents
contribute genetic information to
produce unique offspring
Most animals only use sexual
reproduction
reproduction that requires two
individuals of a species (male and
female) to combine their gametes
requires a watery environment for the
sperm and egg

Reproduction
Fertilization is the fusion of gametes to
initiate the development of a new
organism
Types of fertilization
External fertilization
the sperm joins the egg outside of the
body of either the male or female
most aquatic sexual organisms

Reproduction
Internal fertilization
sperm joins the egg inside the body of
(usually) the female
the fertilized egg then develops inside
the body, or is laid with an external
shell for protection
Zygote
an egg that has been fertilized by a
sperm and will now grow and develop