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Chemistry
Type of Lesson:
Lecture/ Demonstration
Grade:
10
CSEC OBJ:
Term:
UNIT:
Duration:
90 minutes
Lesson:
25 Standard solutions
Week:
Objectives
As a result of this lesson, you should be able to:
1) define the term standard solution and give appropriate examples.
2) transfer your knowledge about the characteristics of homogenous solutions in previous
lessons to illustrate and interpret how to properly prepare a standard solution of a given
substance
3) prepare a standard solution for at least two substances after demonstration by the teacher.
4) develop skills of accuracy and precision of measurement when manipulating pipettes,
burettes, dropper bottles and volumetric flasks to carry out a volumetric analysis.
Prerequisite Student Knowledge
You should be familiar with:
1)
2)
3)
4)
Important Points
Important points in this lesson:
1) Practice manipulating the apparatus and you will become perfect at it.
2) Pay close attention to your teacher and how s/he carries out the titration.
Key Terms
volumetric analysis
analyte
burette
standard solution
pipette
titrant
concentration
titration
volumetric flask
titre volume
mole
molar volume
Challenge Areas
Explain why volumetric analysis would be important in sports, medicine and industry.
Equipment/Material Needed
Volumetric flask, clamp stand, chalk board, pipettes, burettes, calculator, white paper, indicator
solution, Computer with internet access and speaker, headphones to listen to tutorial.
Note to Student
Exercise patience with your self. Model best practices. Practice these skills until you gain
accuracy and precision. Visit internet websites and view the tutorials outside of class time.
Introduction
1) Introductory Activity
a. This is a discussion activity to make you aware of the terms used in this unit e.g.
Volumetric analysis and Titration.
(a) Titration refers to the practice of using a burette and a pipette to measure
volumes of solutions and running one solution from the burette into a
conical flask until an indicator which was placed in the solution in the
conical flask changes colour.
ii. Your teacher will show you the instruments which are used to measure the
volumes when conducting a titration. S/He will tell you that the titration
exercise will only allow us to measure the volume that is required to
neutralize the solution. The analysis of the number of moles which was
required is the second part of the volumetric analysis.
iii. Draw and label each of the instruments and state the use of each of them.
c. In this section you will be required to watch the teacher weigh out substances using a
simple tare balance or an analytical balance.
i. Compare your teachers demonstration with the one on the following video
presentation/ internet tutorial.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QtnPiKSKKtI&feature=related
ii. Write down the skills and techniques that are necessary to obtain accuracy
and precision.
iii. Write down in your notebooks why it is important to measure volumes
accurately and precisely when carrying out volumetric analysis.
Try This!
Write down the steps
that you observed in
the internet tutorial
and compare with the
steps that you use.
Body of Lesson
1) Demonstration preparing standard solutions.
a. Your teacher will demonstrate how to prepare a standard solution. Sit quietly and
observe and write down any questions you may have.
i. View the following tutorial about preparing standard solutions and doing
molar calculations. This should take you 20 minutes. Write your own notes
and listen to your teacher again.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cckAwavEKA0&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YwacHJ6Tzm4&feature=PlayList&p=5F
A0C598551ECD50&index=67&playnext=2&playnext_from=PL
b. Your teacher will measure the volume of solution required to make up the standard
solution of an acid or weigh out the mass of substance required to make a standard
solution of the base.
i. Write down and recite the steps which should be taken when preparing a
standard solution.
ii. Look at your teacher demonstrate the procedure for preparing a standard
solution. Critique the demonstration and compare it to the techniques you
observed in the tutorial.
2) Preparation of Standard Solutions Calculations
a. What mass of potassium nitrate is required to prepare 500 cm3 of a 0.100 mol dm-3
standard solution of KNO3
Follow the steps below to assist you in your calculation:
i. Calculate the number of moles of KNO3 required to
make 500 cm3 of the solution.
Answer:
0.100 mol dm-3 means that there is 0.100 moles of KNO3 in 1 dm3 (or 1000
cm3) of solution.
So if 1000 cm3 contain 0.100 moles of KNO3
Then, 1 cm3 contains 0.100 moles KNO3
1000
Hence, 500 cm3 contain 500 x 0.100 moles KNO3
1000
= 0.05 moles KNO3
ii. Convert moles to mass
Remember, 1 mole of a compound is equal to its relative molecular mass in
grams.
The relative molecular mass of KNO3 is:
RMM = 39 + 14 + (16 x 3) = 101 g mol-1 KNO3
Since 1 mole KNO3
Then 0.05 mole KNO3
= 101 g
= 101 x 0.05
= 5.05 g
5.05 g of KNO3 has to weighed out accurately and dissolved in 500 cm3 as
described above.
b. Try these on your own.
i. What mass of sodium sulphate is required to
prepare 250 cm3 of a 0.5 mol dm-3 sodium sulphate solution?
titrant
aliquot
Standard solution
Titre volume
Molar
concentration
CSEC Questions
None.
Recommended Materials
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9DkB82xLvNE&feature=PlayList&p=18FFBEDEE194F652
&index=0
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YwacHJ6Tzm4&feature=PlayList&p=5FA0C598551ECD50
&index=67&playnext=2&playnext_from=PL
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cckAwavEKA0&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUeT5XbUH-8&NR=1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cckAwavEKA0&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YwacHJ6Tzm4&feature=PlayList&p=5FA0C598551ECD50
&index=67&playnext=2&playnext_from=PL
Bibliography
Taylor, M. & Chung-Harris, T. ( 2006). CXC Chemistry. Macmillan CXC Science series.