17/04/2015

NI DUNG
B mn Min Dch - Sinh L Bnh
Lch s - Khi nim
Min dch bm sinh v min dch c hiu
c im ca p ng min dch c hiu
T bo ca h min dch

Bs Vn Trung Ngha

T chc h min dch

Cc giai on ca p ng min dch
Tm tt

B mn Min Dch Sinh L Bnh

Lch s

11 cn b

Immunity: Immunitas (latinh)

Bs Phan Th Minh Phng: Ch nhim

Min dch: khng mc bnh dch

Bs L B Ha: ph ch nhim
7 cn b ging dy

Edward Jenner: 1798, u ma

Vaccination: vaccinus

4 cn b k thut

Louis Pasteur

Lin h: miendichyhue@gmail.com

Nhiu gii Nobel

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Cc gii Nobel Y hc c trao

cho nhng cng trnh nghin cu
v Min Dch hc

Khi nim
S min dch (Immunity): s khng chng li

bnh (c bit l bnh nhim trng)

H min dch (Immune system): tp hp t bo, t
chc, phn t c chc nng khng bnh
p ng min dch (Immune response): phn ng
ca h min dch chng li bnh
Min dch hc (Immunology): mn hc nghin cu
v h min dch

Vai tr ca h min dch

trong c th
Chng nhim trng
Suy gim min dch d mc cc bnh nhim trng c
hi, v d: AIDS
Tim vaccin gip phng nga mc bnh
Chng khi u: min dch tr liu chng ung th
Chng mnh ghp
Gy tn thng t bo v t chc: d ng, t min
Chc nng sinh l quan trng nht ca h min dch
Phng nga nhim trng
Loi tr nhim trng nu nhim

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Min dch bm sinh v c hiu

Min dch bm sinh (innate): s phng v ban u

chng li nhim trng

Min dch t nhin (natural, native)
C sn mi c th: ngn chn xm nhp, loi tr

nhanh vi sinh vt

Min dch c hiu (specific): p ng chm hn, c

hiu hn v hiu qu hn
Min dch thu c, thch ng (acquired, adaptive)
Cc t bo lympho ng vai tr quan trng: tng sinh,

bit ha

C ch phng v trong min dch bm sinh v min dch c hiu

Phn loi min dch c hiu

2 loi p ng min dch khc nhau v t bo v cc

phn t
Min dch th dch: chng vi khun ngoi bo
Phn t hiu lc: khng th (antibody)
Min dch trung gian t bo: chng vi khun ni bo,

virus
T bo hiu lc: lympho T

Hot ha i thc bo
Tiu dit t bo nhim

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Min dch ch ng, th ng

p ng min dch ch ng: c th t to p ng

min dch
T nhin: nhim khun
Nhn to: tim vaccine

p ng min dch th ng: c th nhn tnh min

dch t bn ngoi

c im ca p ng
min dch c hiu
Tnh c hiu
Kh nng phn bit cc khng nguyn khc nhau
Khng nguyn khc nhau kch thch p ng ca cc
dng lympho khc nhau
Tnh a dng
Khuch i

T nhin: m truyn sang con

Chuyn bit

Nhn to: truyn khng th, truyn t bo lympho

Khng phn ng vi cc thnh phn ca c th

Nh
p ng ln sau
Nhanh hn
Mnh hn
Ko di hn
C s ca tim chng vaccin

p ng min dch tin pht v th pht

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T bo ca h min dch
3 nhm t bo
T bo bt gi v trnh din khng nguyn
T bo lympho
Lympho B: min dch th dch
Lympho T: min dch trung gian t bo
T bo hiu lc
T bo lympho hot ha, bit ha
i thc bo
Cc t bo bch cu khc khc: trung tnh, a acid, a
kim, dng bo

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T bo trnh din khng nguyn

APC (tt)

APC: antigen-presenting cell

Trnh din khng nguyn cho t bo lympho

C tr ch yu da, nim mc ng h hp v tiu

Cung cp ng tn hiu cho s tng sinh v bit ha

ha
Chuyn bit ha bt gi khng nguyn
Vn chuyn khng nguyn n c quan lympho ngoi
vi

ca t bo lympho
T bo bch tuc, i thc bo, lympho B, t bo bch

tuc nang (FDC)

T bo lympho
Nhn din c hiu khng nguyn qua receptor
C kh nng phn bit cc quyt nh khng nguyn

khc nhau
Quyt nh 2 c tnh quan trng ca min dch c

hiu
c hiu
Nh

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Phn loi t bo lympho

T bo lympho: c chia thnh nhiu nhm nh
Khc nhau v chc nng v s bc l protein mng
Hnh thi tng t nhau

Lympho B
p ng min dch th dch chng vi khun ngoi bo
Bit ha thnh tng bo to khng th

Lympho T: min dch trung gian t bo

T gip (helper T cells): T CD4
T c t bo (cytotoxic T cells) T CD8

T bo dit t nhin: NK cells

C quan lympho
Ni tp trung khng nguyn
Mi trng cho s hun luyn, trnh din KN, trng

thnh, tng sinh v bit ha ca cc t bo lympho

Chia thnh 2 nhm
Trung ng (tin pht): o to ra t bo lympho
trng thnh
Ngoi vi (th pht): p ng vi KN xm nhp, khi
ng p ng min dch c hiu

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C quan lympho tin pht (trung

ng) v th pht (ngoi vi)
naive