B i 2: Ki m nghi m NCl dc d ng

H tn: ng Th Hoi ng
Lp: D3A
Nhm: 2

Mc tiu:
- Nm vng nguyn tc cc phn ng nh tnh ng dng trong kim nghim NaCl
- Hiu khi nim v th tinh khit, cc gii hn tp cht
- Nm vng phng php o Ag nh lng Cl-

Cng thc: NaCl

Phn t lng: 58,44

I. Tnh cht
- Bt kt tinh mu trng, khng mi, v mn
- tan: rt d tan trong nc, tan t trong ethanol 90o, hu nh khng tan trong cc dung
mi hu c.
-
II. nh tnh

1. Ion Na+
S dng thuc th Streng pht hin kt ta, soi di knh hin vi thy tinh th.

- Dng c v ha cht:
Dung dch NaCl long (khong 0,2 0,5%)
Knh hin vi
Phin knh, lamen
Thuc th Streng (Magnesi hoc Km uranyl acetat)

- Phn ng:
Na+ + Zn[(UO2)3(CH3COO-)8] + CH3COO- + 9H2O = NaZn[(UO2)3(CH3COO-)9].9H2O

- Tin hnh:
Trn phin knh hin vi, nh 12 git dung dch NaCl long, lm nng bay hi n kh,
ngui.
Thm 1 git thuc th Streng, quan st mu ta
 Soi di knh hin vi, quan st tinh th

- Kt qu:
Thm thuc th vo, xut hin kt ta mu vng nht, lp lnh

Soi di knh hin vi, cho cc tinh th hnh mt nhn c trng:

2. Ion clorid

- Dng c v ha cht:
Dung dch NaCl long
Dung dch HNO3 10%
Dung dch AgNO3 5%
Dung dch amoniac c

- Phn ng
Cl- + AgNO3 AgCl + NO3-
AgCl + 2NH3 [Ag(NH3)2]

- Tin hnh:
Cho 4ml dung dch th (NaCl long)
vo ng nghim, thm 0,2ml HNO3
10% v 0,5ml AgNO3 5%.
xut hin ta trng xm
 Lc ly ta, ra bng nc ct, thm
1ml amoniac c.
ta tan ht.

Lu : th nghim dng dung dch

amoniac c cn thc hin trong t
ht.

III. Th tinh khit

Pha dung dch S:

Cn 20,2g NaCl th pha trong bnh nh mc 100 ml vi nc khng c CO2 thnh
100ml, dng dd S tin hnh cc php th tinh khit bn di.
Ch : Nc khng c CO2 chun b bng cch un si nc ct, ngui. Khi pha
ch dung dch trong bnh nh mc, lc u tay mui tan ht, nng ng nht.

1. trong v mu sc

Dung dch pha trong sut, khng mu (so vi nc ct)

2. acid kim:

- Nguyn tc:
Khong i mu ca ch th xanh bromothymol (C27H28Br2O5S) l 5,8 - 7,6. (y l cht
c dng trong chn on r r dch i trong sn ph khoa).

- Dng c v ha cht:
Ch th xanh bromothymol
Dung dch HCl 0,01M hoc dung dch NaOH 0,01M
ng nghim
- Tin hnh:
Ly 20ml dung dch S cho vo 1 ng nghim, thm 0,1ml ch th xanh bromothymol, trn
u. Dung dch thu c phi chuyn mu khi dng khng qu 0,5ml HCl 0,01M hoc
NaOH 0,01M.

Kt qu:
Dung dch chuyn mu, t mu xanh m sang mu xanh ru nht khi dng 0,3ml HCl
0,01M.

3. Nitrit (NO2-)

- Mc ch:
Kim tra s c mt ca ion nitrit, do ion nitrit c vi ngi: ion nitrit oxy ha
hemoglobin thnh methemoglobin lm mt kh nng vn chuyn O2 ca hemoglobin,
ngoi ra, trong c th, nitrit c th to thnh dn cht N-nitroso gy ung th.

- Nguyn tc:
Da vo mi quan h gia nng dung dch v mt quang dung dch, xc nh gii
hn mt quang cho php ca dung dch tng ng vi nng nitrit cho php.
Tiu chun mt quang dung dch: khng vt qu 0,01

- Dng c v ha cht:
Dung dch NaCl pha
ng nghim
Cuvet
My o quang

- Tin hnh:
Ly 10ml dung dch S, thm 10ml nc ct. o hp ph ca dung dch bc sng
354nm.

- Kt qu:
Mt quang o c: E=0,0045, gi tr ny tha mn yu cu.

- Lu :
Mu trng l nc ct
Dng cuvet thch anh
o vng UV
Trc khi o, cn lc u dung dch.

4. Sulfat (SO42-)

- Mc ch:
Kim tra tp sulfat c nm trong gii hn tiu chun hay khng.
- Nguyn tc:
S dng phn ng to ta ca Ba2+ vi SO42-:
 SO42- + Ba2+ BaSO4

- Dng c v ha cht:
Dung dch th NaCl
Dung dch BaCl2 25%
Dung dch mu sulfat 10ppm
Dung dch acid acetic 5M

- Tin hnh:
Ly 7,5ml dung dch S, pha long bng nc thnh 30ml. Ly 15ml dung dch pha ny
lm dung dch th.
Ly hai ng nghim qui cch theo qui nh, mt ng lm ng i chiu, mt ng th.
Tin hnh ng thi hai ng:
+ ng th: cho vo 1ml dung dch BaCl2 25%; 1,5ml dung dch mu sulfat 10ppm v
0,5ml acid acetic 5M; sau cho thm 15ml dung dch th vo, trn u, yn 10 pht.
+ ng i chiu: tin hnh tng t nhng thay 15ml dung dch th bng 15ml dung dch
mu sulfat.
i chiu c hai ng vi nhau.

- Kt qu:
Dung dch hai ng c c nh nhau (u trong sut, khng mu, khng vn c)

- Kt lun:
Nng sulfat tha mn tiu chun v nng sulfat..

5. Bari (Ba2+)

- Mc ch:
Kim tra s c mt ca ion Ba2+ - l mt ion c vi h c, tim v thn kinh.

- Nguyn tc:
Tng t nguyn tc phn 4, s dng phn ng to ta:
SO42- + Ba2+ BaSO4

- Dng c v ha cht:
Dung dch th S
Nc ct
Dung dch H2SO4 10%

- Tin hnh:
Cho 5ml dung dch th vo 1 ng nghim, thm 5ml nc v 2ml H2SO4 10%, trn u.
yn 15 pht.
ng nghim khc: cho vo 5ml dung dch th v 7ml nc.
Sau 15 pht, c ca ng nghim cha acid khng m hn c ca ng nghim
cha nc v dung dch th.
- Kt qu:
Dung dch ng cha acid ging vi ng mu, c c nh nhau (u trong sut,
khng mu, khng vn c)

- Kt lun:
Nng ion Bari tha mn tiu chun.

6. Magnesi v Calci (Mg2+ v Ca2+)

- Mc ch:
Kim tra nng hai ion magnesi v calci

- Nguyn tc:
Hai ion ny lun cng tn ti, khng tch ring, tin hnh th kp bng thuc th amoni
oxalat v dinatriphosphat trong cng ng nghim.
Amoni oxalat cho vi ion Cacli kt ta CaC2O4 mu trng, tan trong acid v c long
nhng khng tan trong caid acetic.
Ca2+ + C2O42- CaC2O4
Dinatriphosphat to vi Magnesi tinh th NH4MgPO4 hnh hp hay hnh ngi sao.
Mg2+ + NH3 + Na2HPO4 NH4MgPO4 + 2Na+

- Dng c v ha cht:
Dung dch NaCl 1%
Dung dch amoniac 10%
Dung dch amoni oxalat 2,5%
Dung dch dinatriphosphat 4%

- Tin hnh:
Ly 20ml dung dch NaCl 1% vo ng nghim, thm 2ml amoniac 10%, 2ml oxalat
amoni 2,5% v 2ml dinatriphosphat 4% trn u, yn 5 pht.

- Kt qu:
Sau 5 pht, dung dch vn trong

- Kt lun:
t tiu chun v nng Mg2+ v Ca2+

IV. nh lng
V.
- Nguyn tc:
Dng phng php o bc, ch th kalicromat (K2CrO4)
Trong mi trng trung tnh, ion Ag+ to kt ta trng xm vi ion Cl-. Lng d Ag+
phn ng vi K2CrO4 thnh ta Ag2CrO4 mu hng.
AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl + NaNO
2AgNO3 + K2CrO4 Ag2CrO4(mu hng) + 2KNO3
- Dng c v ha cht:
Nc ct
NaCl th
Dung dch AgNO3 0,1M
Ch th kalicromat (K2CrO4)
Bnh nn
Buret

- Tin hnh:
Cn chnh xc khong 0,12g NaCl th cho vo bnh nn dung tch 100ml v ha tan bng
30ml nc ct. Thm 0,5ml dung dch kalicromat (K2CrO4) 5%.
Chun bng AgNO3 0,1M cho n khi hn hp xut hin mu hng nht u.

- Kt qu:
Khi lng NaCl cn m=0,1253g
Th tch AgNO3 tiu tn V=22,1ml
1ml AgNO3 0,1M tng ng 5,844mg NaCl.
Hm lng:
V .5,844 22,1.5,844
%NaCl = x 100% = x100% = 103,07%
1000.m 1000.0,1253

- Kt lun:
Hm lng NaCl khng tha mn tiu chun ( hm lng NaCl trong ch phm th phi
nm trong khong 99,0 100,5%)