Vessel

MULTIWALL VESSELS
Heavy Engineering Division

LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED, INDIA
Larsen & Toubro Limited: April 2010. All rights reserved
AGENDA
Various layered construction
Multiwall shells
Applications
Materials of construction
Connection of multiwall shell to head / flange
Design methodology
Proof testing by L&T
Manufacturing sequence
Advantages
g
In-service monitoring
Reference list
Conclusions
LARSEN & TOUBRO

OPERATING DIVISIONS
Year Established : 1938
S l
Sales
: US $ 8.5
8 5 Billion
Billi
No. of employees : > 30,000
MIPD
ECC
HED
EBG
E&C
CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR

PROCESS INDUSTRIES
710 MT
World s largest
Worlds
AMMONIA CONVERTER
108 M Long
Worlds tallest
PRODUCT SPLITTER
1500 MT
Worlds largest
VERY LARGE SIZE

EQUIPMENT
E.O. REACTOR
1200 MT
Worlds largest
FCC REGENERATOR
CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR

PROCESS INDUSTRIES
DHDT REACTOR
HYDROCRACKER REACTOR
METHANOL CONVERTER
UREA REACTOR
NEED FOR MULTIWALL CONSTRUCTION

New
N
developments
d
l
t
in
i
process technology
t h l
required
i d
equipment to operate at higher pressures & temperatures.
Equipment
E
i
t required
i d to
t handle
h dl lethal
l th l fluids
fl id containing
t i i
Hydrogen, Hydrogen Sulfide, Ammonia etc.
Exponential increase in plant capacities.
Consequently, equipment sizes increased and required
Consequently
higher cross-section thickness.
Multiwall / Multilayer technology developed as a costcost
effective alternative to monowall shells.
ASME also recognizes the need & incorporates certain
details for such alternate constructions.
VARIOUS LAYERED CONSTRUCTION

Incorporated in ASME
Codes:
Concentric
W
Wrapped
d
Coil Wound
Multiwall
Spiral Wrapped
Fig. ULW-2.1
Fig
ULW 2 1 of ASME
Sec.VIII,Div.1
&
Fig 4.13.1
Fig.
4 13 1 of ASME
Sec.VIII,Div.2
Notes:
(1) Inner shell
(2) Dummy layer, if used
(3) Layers
(4) Shell layer (tapered)
(5) Balance of layers
((6)) Gaps
p
WHAT IS MULTIWALL SHELL ?
Fabricated by consecutively shrink fitting multiple

cylindrical shells over each other
Interference fit between consecutive shell layers
Thickness of individual shell = 15

15--100 mm
Comply with ASME Section VIII, Div.

Div.1 & Div.
Div.2
APPLICATIONS OF MULTIWALL VESSELS

FERTILIZER
INDUSTRY
(Ammonia
Converters,
U
Urea
Reactors
R
t
etc..)
PETROCHEMICAL
PLANTS
(Solution
Adsorbers etc..)
CHEMICAL
INDUSTRIES
(H P Heat
Exchangers )
Exchangers..)
PETROLEUM
REFINERIES
(Hydrocracker
Reactors,
Separators)
OTHER
INDUSTRIES
((H P
Storage..)
MATERIALS FOR MULTIWALL VESSEL

Based on application, multiwall vessels are
manufactured from any of the following
materials :
Carbon & low alloy
y steel
High strength quench & tempered steels
For units requiring an alloy interior
interior, two types
of construction are possible:
Alloy
All
cladding
l ddi
or weld
ld overlay
l
on the
th
innermost layer
Solid alloy liner backed by Multiwall shell
(e.g. Urea Reactor)
CONFIGURATIONS OF MULTIWALL SHELLS

TO
O HEAD/FLANGE
/
NG CONN
CONNECTION
C ON
Ref : ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code

DESIGN METHODOLOGY FOR

MULTIWALL VESSEL
Multiwall shells are designed as per the code
rules given in
Part ULW of ASME sec VIII div.1
or
Part 4.13 of ASME sec VIII div.2
for the applicable loading
CONTACT REQUIREMENT BETWEEN

LAYERS
S ASME
S
Code
Ref : ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code
Ag < Thickness expressed in in2,

Gap Length < Diameter, in
DESIGN METHODOLOGY : STRESS PROFILE
SHRINK STRESS
PRESSURE STRESS
SHRINK STRESS AFTER

STRESS RELIEVING
RESULTANT STRESS
FEM ANALYSIS : STRESS PROFILE
Inside
radius
Inside
radius
Pa
Pa
MONOWALL VESSEL
MULTIWALL VESSEL
Circumferential stress
Load case: Design pressure + Shrink-fit stress +
Operating temperature

Circumferential stress in the inner layer of multiwall vessel
(which is exposed to Hydrogen containing fluid) is much
lower than that of monowall vessel.
Pa
Pa
MONOWALL VESSEL
MULTIWALL VESSEL
Circumferential stress
Load case: Design pressure + Shrink-fit stress +
Operating temperature
FEM ANALYSIS OF AMMONIA CONVERTER

Vessel ID (mm)
3600
y
No. of layers
Layer thickness (mm)
46
Total vessel thickness (mm)
184
Start-up
cycle
Design pressure (MPa)

Syngas temperature (OC)
Rate of temp. variation (OC/hr)
Total cycle time (hrs)
Shut-down
cycle
22 065
22.065
22 065
22.065
21 to 440
440 to 21
50
50
8.38
8.38
FEM ANALYSIS FOR START-UP CYCLE
Inside radius
OC
Temperature distribution at end of start-up cycle


Comparison
p
between Monowall & Multiwall
Inside
radius
di
Inside
radius
OC
OC
Monowall vessel
OC
Multiwall vessel
OC
Temperature distribution at end

of&start-up
cycle
Larsen
Toubro Limited: April 2010.
All rights reserved
Pa
P
Pa
Monowall vessel
Multiwall vessel
Tangential stress during Start-up

Start up + Operating +
Shutdown cycle

Max. stress occurs at the multiwall shell to head weld
joint during shutdown cycle. From fatigue assessment,
the fatigue life is approx. 10,200 cycles.
Pa
Equivalent stress in welds during Start-up +

Operating + Shutdown
cycle
Inside radius
MPa
Stress intensity near shell-to-head junction at end of start-up

Inside radius
MPa
Stress intensity at circ. seam at end of start-up cycle

Inside radius
MPa
Stress intensity between two circ. seams at end of start-up cycle

FEM ANALYSIS FOR SHUT DOWN CYCLE
Inside radius
MPa
Stress intensity near shell-to-head junction at end of shut-down cycle

FEM ANALYSIS FOR SHUT DOWN CYCLE
Inside radius
MPa
Stress intensity at circ. seam at end of shut-down cycle

PROOF TEST OF MULTIWALL VESSELS

(at L&T)
Multi wall vessel being

prepared for destructive tests
MANUFACTURING SEQUENCE
1st layer
Measurement of actual plate thickness.

Rolling, welding & RT or TOFD UT of shell courses for first layer.
Measurement of actual circumferences.
circumferences
2nd layer
y
Manufacture shell courses for second layer to the dimensions

required to achieve predetermined interference (based on actual
dimensions of first layer)
Clear RT or TOFD UT of long seams for each course.
Shrink fitting of second layer (thermally expanded) on first layer.
Subsequent
layers
Repeat above steps till required number of layers are achieved.

Make weld bevels at the ends and drill vent holes in multiwall
shell
h ll courses.
Continue subsequent operation as in solid wall construction.
NDT of
circ
circ.
seams
before
PWHT
NDT after
PWHT
NDT after
Hydrotest
RT
Conventional UT
PT / MT
Conventional UT of all accessible welds.
PT / MT of all accessible welds.
SEQUENCE OF SHRINK FITTING
(1)
(2)
(3)
MULTIWALL CIRC. SEAM

After
welding
of
Circ.
seams
for
Multiwall,
interpretation of RT can be difficult. However,

welding techniques and RT techniques have
improved,
thereby eliminating the need for
inter-layer welding.
No special steps (such as sealing of gaps by
welding or buttering of the surface) are needed
before circ. seam welding.
No defects encountered in circumferential seams
at the plate interfaces.
Photograph of circ. seam PTC.

MULTIWALL CIRC. SEAM
Multiwall to Multiwall
Photograph of Circ Seam PTC.
Multiwall to
Monowall
ADVANTAGES OF MULTIWALL
Theoretically no limitation for achieving any thickness of cross
section.
Plates in standard thickness range can be used. (Gives higher
flexibility
y in sourcing/
g/ availability
y of p
plates.))
Thinner plates permit better metallurgical control & superior

structural
homogeneity
during
manufacturing
at
mills.
Consequently the same advantages get translated for much

thicker sections by utilizing multiwall construction.
construction
Materials of different properties can be used for inner layers &

subsequent layers, if desired.
Shrink fitting of multiwall induces compression in the inner
layers, which counters the pressure stresses and thus creating
additional reserve strength.
In-built safety exists against brittle fracture.

Fracture, if initiated in long seams, would be confined
to one layer and would not propagate through the total
thickness.
Fracture is not expected in circumferential seams as
these are half-stressed joints. (In any case, the risk of
brittle fracture in circumferential seams is same as that
of monowall construction).
construction)
Normal stresses due to temperature gradient are lower
compared to monowall due to lower discontinuity stresses for
multiwall construction.
V ti
t
id
l warning
i
f
bl
Venting
system
provides
early
for
any problem
initiated from the inside surface of the vessel.
In-service monitoring system for Multiwall

IN-SERVICE MONITORING SYSTEM

Inherent features of multiwall construction gives
much superior operational reliability to the
multiwall vessels.
Provision for a continuous monitoring system
using
g the venting
g arrangement
g
eliminates the
need for carrying out In-service NDT during
shutdown to detect defects
The intents of stipulations in Clause 4.3 b of API934 A & C: May 2008) are met with.
with
934-A
REFERENCE LIST
L & T has manufactured and supplied 50 + Multiwall
vessels for Ammonia, Urea & other Petrochemical
services operating for periods up to 20+ years.
Many of such vessels are used for Hydrogen service

viz. Ammonia Converter, operating with 50 to 55
mole% Hydrogen
at 100 140 bar p
partial p
pressure
y
g
and temperature of 350 to 450 deg C.
Another reputed manufacturer (M/s Struthers Wells)

has supplied multiwall vessels like Hydrocracker
Reactor H.P.
Reactor,
H P Separator etc for refineries in the past.
past
REFERENCE LIST FOR

AMMONIA CONVERTERS
Design
Dimensions
Design
Temp.
(ID X L)
Code
C
C
mm
Customer / Location
Kribhco - Hazira
Haldor
Topsoe
245
360
ADM
1971 x
16995
Zuari Agro Goa

(2 Nos)
Haldor
Topsoe
165
260
ADM
1964 x
20000
Chambal Fertliser,
Gadepan
Process
Licensor
Design
Press.
Kg/Cm2
Sr.
No
Haldor
Topsoe
245
370
ADM
3005 x
21455
Thk
mm
H2
Material Of Construction Year Of Partial
(Multi-Wall)
Supply Press.K
2
g/cm
1988-89
179
1989-90
1989
90
100
SA 387 GR.11 CL 2 +
SA 533 GR. B CL.2
1992
158
98
SA 387 GR.11 CL 2 +
1993
102
(30+34x2)
SA 533 GR. B CL.2
145
SA 387 GR. 22 CL.2
1993
155
SA 387 GR.11 CL 2 +
1996
157
(32+41x3)
SA 533 GR. B CL.2
155
SA 387 GR.11 CL 2 +
1996
157
(32+41x3)
SA 533 GR. B CL.2
110
(40+35x2)
SA 204 GR. B +
SA 533 GR. B CL 2
72
SA 204 GR
GR. B +
(20+25x2)
SA 533 GR. B CL 2
155
(35+40x3)
Tata Chemicals
Babrala
Haldor
Topsoe
155
Tata Chemicals
Babrala
Haldor
Topsoe
155
IFFCO Aonla
Haldor
Topsoe
245
NFL Vijaipur
Haldor
Topsoe
245
370
450
370
370
ADM
DIV.2
ADM
ADM
2805 x
23436
2705 x
21274
3000 x
22425
3000 x
22425
(48.5x3)
REFERENCE LIST FOR

AMMONIA CONVERTERS
Sr.
No
10
11
12
13
14
Process
Customer / Location
Licensor
FACT Udyogmandal
IFFCO - Phulpur
RCF, Trombay -I
Indo Gulf
Chambal Fertiliser
Gadepan
Haldor
Topsoe
Haldor
T
Topsoe
Haldor
Topsoe
Haldor
Topsoe
MW
Kellogg
MHI/P.T Kaltim
Pasifik Amoniak,
Indonesia
Haldor
Topsoe
Petronas Ammonia
Syngas Project
Haldor
Topsoe
Design Design
Design
Press. Temp.
Code
Kg/Cm2
C
158
245
120
245
188
155
155
370
370
370
370
290
370
370
ADM
ADM
ADM
ADM
ADM
ADM
ADM
Dimension
s
(ID X L)
mm
2700 x
20940
3000 x
22425
2000 x
16300
3000 X
22425
2800 x
29650
3300 x
22980
2700 x
20600
Thk
mm
Material Of Construction
(Multi-Wall)
94
SA 387 GR.11 CL 2 +
(30+32x2)
SA 533 GR. B CL.2
155
SA 387 GR.11 CL 2 +
(32+41x3)
SA 533 GR. B CL.2
56
SA 387 GR.11 CL 2 +
(24+32)
SA 533 GR. B CL.2
148
SA 387 GR.11 CL 2 +
(25+41x3)
SA 533 GR. B CL.2
107+ 6
SA 302 GR. A +
(27+40x2)
SA 533 GR. B CL.2
110
SA 387 GR.11 CL 2 +
(32+39x2)
SA 533 GR. B CL.2
111
SA 387 GR.11 CL 2 +
(25+43x2)
SA 533 GR. B CL.2
H2
Year Of Partial
Supply Press.
2
Kg/cm
1996
105
1997
157
1998
82
1998
157
1998
116.2
1998
103
1999
111
REFERENCE LIST FOR

AMMONIA CONVERTERS
Sr.
No
15
16
Customer / Location
Process
Licensor
NFCL, Kakinanda Plant Haldor

1
Topsoe
Uhde Gmbh, Germany /
QAFCO-4
Uhde
Design Design
Dimensions
Design
Press. Temp.
(ID X L)
Code
Kg/Cm2
C
mm
155
370
ADM
230
300
DIV.2
2700 x
30400
3010 X
11550
17
Uhde Gmbh, Germany /

QAFCO 4
QAFCO-4
Uhde
230
300
DIV.2
2855 X
10200
18
Snamprogetti, Italy /
OMIFCO,Oman-2 nos.
Haldor
Topsoe
230
370
ADM
2800 x
21540
Thk
mm
H2
Material Of Construction Year Of Partial
(Multi-Wall)
Supply Press.
2
Kg/cm
2001
102
94
(30+32x2)
192
SA 387 GR
GR.11
11 CL 2 +
SA 533 GR. B CL.2
SA 387 GR.11 CL 2 +
2003
129.5
(48x4)
182
SA 533 GR. B CL.2

SA 387 GR.11 CL 2 +
2003
105
(44+46x3)
142
SA 533 GR. B CL.2

SA 387 GR.11 Cl.2 +
2004
158.02
(25+39x3)
SA 533 Gr.B Cl.2
16 65
16.65
(MPA)
270
DIV 2
DIV.2
3250 x
31000
174
(4x43.5)
SA 387 GR
GR.11
11 CL
CL.2
2
2004
111 5
111.5
Haldor
Topsoe
155
380
ADM
2800 X
20,000
96
(24+36x2)
SA 387 GR 11 Cl 2 +SA
533 Gr B Cl 2
2005
87
H ld
Haldor
Topsoe
225
430
ADM
3000 X
20,300
2006
117
225
430
ADM
2006
117
103
413
135
13 Cr Mo V910 as per
EN 10028-2
SA 387 G
Gr. 11 CL2
2007
55 53
55.53
225
398
184 (47x4)
13CrMov9-10
2008
93.9
19
B
Burrup
F tili
Fertilizers
Pt
Pty Ltd
Ltd, KBR,
KBR USA
Australia
20
IFFCO-Kalol & Phulpur-I:

2 Nos.
21
IFFCO A l I & II
IFFCO-Aonla
169 (42
(42x3+43)
3+43) 13 Cr
C Mo
M V910 as per
EN 10028-2
Phulpur-II: 3 Nos.
22
RCF-Trombay
23
KBR EBIC E
KBR-EBIC-Egypt
t
Haldor
Topsoe
KBR
24
KBR CFCL1 India
KBR
2400 x
16,210
DIV 2 / 3810/3313 x
DIV.2
U2
23470
ADM
3600 x
17540
120 (40x3)
REFERENCE LIST FOR

AMMONIA CONVERTERS
Sr.
No
Customer / Location
Process
Licensor
Design
Press.
Kg/Cm2
Design
Temp.
C
Design
Code
25
KBR CFCL2 India

India
KBR
188
398
ADM
3600 x 17540 153 (51x3)
26
Petrochina Tarim - China
Haldor
Topsoe
218
325
DIV.2
2600 x 22545
Uhde GmbH, Sorfert

Algeria
Uhde
234.5
Uhde GmbH, Sorfert

Algeria
Uhde
Jianfeng Chemicals & Co

L d Chi
Ltd,
China.
KBR
PIDEC, Iran
Ammonia
Casale
27
29
30
31
Dimensions
(ID X L)
mm
Thk
mm
188
Material Of Construction
(Multi-Wall)
Year Of
Supply
H2 Partial
Press.
2
Kg/cm
13CrMov9-10
13CrMov9
10
2008
93.9
SA 387 Gr. 11 Cl. 2
2008
144.8
SA 387 Gr. 11 Cl. 2
2009
132.5
SA 387 Gr. 11 Cl. 2
2009
106.5
SA 387 Gr. 11 Cl. 2
2009
110.2
SA 387 Gr. 11 Cl. 2
Under
Exec
108.1
(47 x 4)
300
DIV.2
3010 x 16730
247.5
(49.5 x 5)
234.5
300
DIV.2
2855 x 14725
235
(47 x 5)
166.29
285
DIV.2
3000 x 26700
158
(40x3+38)
183.54
300
DIV.2
3100 x 29300
184
(46 x 4)
REFERENCE LIST FOR

AMMONIA SEPARATORS
Sr.
No
Customer / Location
HFCL Namrup (2 nos)
4
5
Process
Licensor
Design Design
Dimensions
Design
Press. Temp.
(ID X L)
Code
C
mm
Kg/Cm2
Haldor
Topsoe
270
IFFCO Aonla
Expansion
Haldor
Topsoe
245
NFL Vijaypur Expansion
Haldor
Topsoe
245
IFFCO Phulpur
Expansion
Haldor
Topsoe
245
QAFCO 4, Qatar
Uhde
225
-20
50
50
50
50
DIV.2 1400 x 4220

ADM
ADM
ADM
2260 x 5460
2260 x 5460
2260 x 5460
DIV.2 2170 x 9725
Thk
mm
130
40 + 2 x 45
SA 516 Gr 70
100
SA 537 Cl 1 +
30 + 2 x 35
SA 533 GR. B CL 2
100
SA 537 Cl 1 +
30 + 2 x 35
SA 533 GR. B CL 2
100
SA 537 Cl 1 +
30 + 2 x 35
SA 533 GR. B CL 2
172
43 x 4
Sriram Fertilizer, Kota
345
Snam-Technip JV /
Oman India Fertilizer
Co., Oman (2 nos.)
Haldor
Topsoe
234.5
Burrup Fertilizers Pty

Ltd, Australia
KBR
169
70
75
60
DIV.2 1130 x 6000
ADM
DIV.2
2350 x 3640
2400 x
10740
Material Of
Construction
(Multi-Wall)
1983
1995
1995
1996
2003
1999
2004
2004
SA 516 Gr. 70
136
36 + 2x32 + 36
SA 516 Gr
Gr. 70
104
SA537 Cl1 +
30 + 2 x37
SA 533 GR. B CL 2
136
4 x 34
H2
Year Of Partial
Supply Press.
2
Kg/cm
SA 516 Gr. 70
REFERENCE LIST FOR

UREA REACTORS
Sr.
No
Customer / Location
Process
Licensor
Design
Press
Press.
Kg/Cm2
NFL Bhatinda
Mitsui
260
Chambal Fertlisers,
Gadepan (2 nos.)
TEC
184
Design
Temp
Temp.
C
210
220
Design
Code
Dimensions
(ID X L)
mm
HPGC + 2100 x 29000

Div 2
ADM
Thk
mm
Material Of
Construction
(Multi-Wall)
148
SA 533 Gr. B Cl 2
37 x 4
+ Ti Liner
2450 x 27300
SA 533 GR. B CL 2
84 + 7
NFL Nangal
Expansion
Urea Casale
240
220
ADM
1200 x 29000
1996
1998
2000
SA 240 Gr. 316L

SA 533 GR. B CL 2
57 + 8
H2
Year Of Partial
P
Supply Press.
2
Kg/cm
SS 25 - 22 - 2 Liner
REFERENCE LIST FOR

SOLUTION ADSORBERS
Sr.
No
Customer / Location
Process
Licensor
RPL, Hazira
Nova
Nova
Design Design
Press Temp.
Press.
Temp
Kg/Cm2
C
195
190
195
315
340
340
Design
Code
Dimensions
(ID X L)
mm
Thk
mm
Material Of
Construction
(Multi-Wall)
Year Of
Supply
H2
Partial
Press.
2
Kg/cm
Div 2
2743 x 6463
225
SA 516 Gr. 70
1989
23+3, 50 x 4
Monel Clad
259
SA 516 Gr. 70
1996
32+3,, 56 x 4
Monel Clad
237
SA 516 Gr. 70
1996
22+3, 53 x 4
Monel Clad
305
SA 516 Gr. 70
2009
45+3, 52 x 5
Monel Clad
Div 1
2900 x 1610
GAIL, Auriya
RPL, Hazira
Nova
Nova
195
190
340
340
Div 2
Div 1
2900 x 1610
3800 x 2900
IOCL, Panipat
REFERENCE LIST.Summary
Ammonia Converters: 35 nos.
Ammonia Separators: 10 nos.
Urea Reactors: 4 nos.
Solution Adsorbers: 4 nos.
Hydrogenation Reactors: 2 nos.; Towers: 2 nos.
Hydrocracker Reactors: 3 nos.; Secondary Reactor: 1
no. (supplied by Struthers Wells)
TO CONCLUDE ...
Multiwall construction is proven design and fabrication
technology for high pressure vessels in varied process
services including Ammonia Converters, Hydrocracker
R
Reactors,
t
S
Separators
t
etc.
t
Design & manufacture of Multiwall equipment fully conforms
to ASME Code.
Multiwall construction provides higher operational safety
due efficient to venting
g of diffused g
gases, such as Hydrogen
y
g
and inherent ability to provide an early warning in case of
any failure originating from inside of vessel.
Multiwall
M
lti ll construction
t
ti
f ilit t
facilitates
use off thinner
thi
plate
l t sections
ti
which have inherent ability to achieve better/superior
metallurgical control /structure and thus, it is not only cost
effective,
ff ti
b t may be
but
b a better
b tt
alternative
lt
ti
f
for
Hi h Pressure
High
P
Vessels / Reactors.
REQUESTS TO API 934A COMMITTEE

For the short-term, we request adding the following
statement to API 934-A: "This standard addresses solid
wall vessels; however, it is not meant to exclude the use
of multiwall vessels. For multiwall vessels, the Purchaser
should develop a specification similar in scope to API
934-A
934
A (in addition to following all ASME Code
requirements)."
Request
q
API committee to list out all concerns and test
data that would be needed for API 934 members to
accept the use of multiwall vessels in Hydro-processing
Reactor service.
service
Assuming that the concerns can be addressed, at that
time, multiwall should be added to API 934
934-A
A and maybe
934-C in the future, or be a stand-alone separate API
934 document.
THANK YOU

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MULTIWALL VESSELS

Heavy Engineering Division

Larsen & Toubro Limited: April 2010. All rights reserved

LARSEN & TOUBRO

Larsen & Toubro Limited: April 2010. All rights reserved

CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR

VERY LARGE SIZE

CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR

NEED FOR MULTIWALL CONSTRUCTION

VARIOUS LAYERED CONSTRUCTION

Larsen & Toubro Limited: April 2010. All rights reserved

WHAT IS MULTIWALL SHELL ?

Fabricated by consecutively shrink fitting multiple

Interference fit between consecutive shell layers

Thickness of individual shell = 15

Comply with ASME Section VIII, Div.

Larsen & Toubro Limited: April 2010. All rights reserved

APPLICATIONS OF MULTIWALL VESSELS

MATERIALS FOR MULTIWALL VESSEL

CONFIGURATIONS OF MULTIWALL SHELLS

Ref : ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code

DESIGN METHODOLOGY FOR

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CONTACT REQUIREMENT BETWEEN

Ag < Thickness expressed in in2,

DESIGN METHODOLOGY : STRESS PROFILE

SHRINK STRESS AFTER

FEM ANALYSIS : STRESS PROFILE

FEM ANALYSIS : STRESS PROFILE

FEM ANALYSIS OF AMMONIA CONVERTER

Layer thickness (mm)

Total vessel thickness (mm)

Design pressure (MPa)

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FEM ANALYSIS FOR START-UP CYCLE

Temperature distribution at end of start-up cycle

FEM ANALYSIS FOR START-UP CYCLE

Temperature distribution at end

FEM ANALYSIS : STRESS PROFILE

Tangential stress during Start-up

FEM ANALYSIS : STRESS PROFILE

Equivalent stress in welds during Start-up +

FEM ANALYSIS FOR START-UP CYCLE

Stress intensity near shell-to-head junction at end of start-up

FEM ANALYSIS FOR START-UP CYCLE

Stress intensity at circ. seam at end of start-up cycle

FEM ANALYSIS FOR START-UP CYCLE

Stress intensity between two circ. seams at end of start-up cycle

FEM ANALYSIS FOR SHUT DOWN CYCLE

Stress intensity near shell-to-head junction at end of shut-down cycle

FEM ANALYSIS FOR SHUT DOWN CYCLE

Stress intensity at circ. seam at end of shut-down cycle

PROOF TEST OF MULTIWALL VESSELS

Multi wall vessel being

Larsen & Toubro Limited: April 2010. All rights reserved

Measurement of actual plate thickness.

Manufacture shell courses for second layer to the dimensions

Repeat above steps till required number of layers are achieved.

Conventional UT of all accessible welds.

PT / MT of all accessible welds.

Larsen & Toubro Limited: April 2010. All rights reserved

Larsen & Toubro Limited: April 2010. All rights reserved

Larsen & Toubro Limited: April 2010. All rights reserved

SEQUENCE OF SHRINK FITTING