o VAAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT : CHEMICAL ENGINEERING BACCALAUREUS TECHNOLOGIAE: ENGINEERING: CHEMICAL SUBJECT : REACTOR TECHNOLOGY (EHRTN4A) SUBJECT CODE : 080509406 DATE NOVEMBER 2008 (MAIN) DURATION 13 HOURS EXAMINER :PO.OSIFO. MODERATOR :D.NJAPHA MARKS + TOTAL 3120. FULL : 120 REQUIREMENTS: 3 GRAPH PAPERS TO BE SUPPLIED Calculators INSTRUCTIONS: Answer all questions Number clearly and correctly ENGLISH QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF: 4 TYPED AND 1 COVER ‘DO NOT TURN THE PAGE BEFORE PERMISSION IS GRANTED. iQUESTION T [Marks 25) ‘Theeurve shown in Figure Q1 is typical of an exothennic reaction caztied out adiabatically: Explain briefly each question with a sketch of Figure Ql. —~ (a) Assuming that you have a CST and a PBR containing equal weights of catalyst, how should they be airanged for adiabatic reaction? ()) Whats the catalyst weight recessery-to achieve 80% conversion in a welt mixed reactor with catalyst particles? = 1 © What CSTR weight is necessary to achieve 40% conversion? ~ (@) What PBR weight is necessary to-achieve 80% conversion?“ (©) What PBR weight is necessary to achiove 40% conversion? Figure Qt.Question 2 [Marks 20] Acgaseous reaetion A——>B ‘has unimolecular reaction rate constant of 0.0015/min at 26.6°C. The resection is to be ‘carried out in parallel tubes 3.0 m long and'25.4 mam inside diameter under pressure of 9 atm at 127-*C. A production rate of 456 ke/h of B is required. Assuming activation energy of 104.6 kiv/mol, how many tubes are needed if the conversion of A is to be 90%, Assume a'perfect gas law. A and B each have a molecular weights of $8 g/mol, QUESTION 3 [Mark 25] In 1995, $20'million pounds of phthalic anhyeride were produced in United States. One use of phthalic anhydride is in the fiberglass of sailboat hulls. Phthalic anhydride can be produced by partial oxidation of naphthalene in either a fixed or'a fluidized catalyst packed in 25.mm tubes. A pioduction rite of 31000 tons pet year would requite 15000 tubes, The initial condition of the reaction is 3.5% naphthalene and 96.5% air (rmal %) and total pressure of 10-atma and temperature of 500 K. ° ¢ “Hy Eee { A 4 400; + 44:0 CO'*—- Op oO 20 * $B» 20 + 4D + AE {@) Setup astiochiometry table for the initial mixture of the reactions. (b) Determine the partial pressures of Oy and CO; for: 90% conversion of A. (©) Detetinine the concentrations of ©, and Naphthalene for 80% conversion of A Ac naphthalene B= oxygen C= pihalic anhydride D=entbon monoxide E= waterOo QUESTION4 Vl [Marks 25] ‘The irreversible endodermic vapor phase reaction follows elementary rate law: CHgCOCHs, ———» CH2CO+CHy A» B+C is enmriedl out adiabatically in a 500-dm* PFR, with # cooling or heating jacket. Species A is fed to the reactor ata tate of 10 mol/min end a pressure of 2 atin, The enttance temperature of pure stream A is 1100 K. (@) Specify the reactor control condition to achieve more than 95% conversion of A if the following reactor temperatures were to be used, TO] ¥ 720 S70. 80 630, ‘& sexpG4.34 -34.222/T)-min™ (Tiadegrees K), Cg =10F Lol K Cp 290I fmol -K Cig 80S 10! KR AH, =80,000F /r0],QUESTIONS [Marks 25] lu they Pure gaseous A at about 3 amt and 30°C is fed into‘a 1.0 dm’ mixed flow reactor at various flow rates. There it decomposes, and the exit concentration of A is measured for each flow rate. From the following data find a rate equation to represent the kinetics of adhe decomposition of A. Assume that the reactant alone affects the rate, A——> 3B 8 te % “ay S% aN “bn,| | 1) Trapezoidal rule (two-point) (ereoar Arty + porn where h=X,-X, 2) Simpson’s one-third rule (éhree-poiné) fironar =4yep+aroye ror) where b= 3) Simpson’s three cight rule (four-point), Pronae = Brey +3s093707)+/09) Xak th y=, +h 4) Rive point quadrature formular: fhroner= Sra) «ayornarery HALTS + SED) where h= Xa-X, a PBR with pressure drop - Show) ee 9.44 10] eel Apd-OP, ps L pnd -aw) tnchis equation e=0Oo For adiabati X-AH,? H+ EOC T, + X80,T, See, +xac, T= KK; ye i G ary wont (f-4 | 8.3144. Reactor Alget Batch CSTR ¥ ox 4 ox PER, Fray Oe vi Fao) op PBI Foo war Ws Ff — aR 0 aye af For tubular reactor with n numbers of tubes nD eee. 4‘Least-Squares Analysis For the equation. tak HayX the parimeters a, a1, and ay can be found by solving with least squares analysis method. For Nrruns, 1, 2, N Sy, Ha, 40, 3005 S%,, a bd PS a aan PoE) Saarca Sry ta dm, ey 10225 > 2 hted, a,® o ve He : : Raache I Techwolos Ww Memo Maio Bawun 2088 ste (Vena see 1 25) oe fal, ct te achave. 30) Soro aoe epee Fi §e5 ans aun UST Gu cotehush Quin bee x ot st ow Cent eS! pen cle i i =a ee), vy oLee [ae xK Fhe Shows ae fen Sreltst a page eerer aye. te Saar 7 oe CEE a Rea amet iy o¥) seas recta ole_ van a a ee 22a kes Soroad BOsbely st wey WA Keascary bo 40" (0 Converse Can be lebtunot fed Hs aren ab bee restenple dhe Pieced aSlan. / CTR hy o¢ x ] SED AEM oes ton fe (st wren CF etersary -to acbrasa wre> Te 2 PBR ad eae x cle-Aat ton. ghe aS Sen dene here poets teOT \ew Qua A gett ARCS foe 2 Sapa ere te obtene Aste Caner ca foo co lected by ce Lis aren x tladed reyes chess: bs = 7 1 (eb) vi ew Ne toe. aL . wie Sate | | oO}oO “Gato hn eachors oaurens Ww trlen- owe token +2 ere ost enti et _ oi (dx Wr SSR eeu ale muteny nachos, -la>~ RO K, = 0: d01S{eri> Cnt 26-620) vege Hexp[ RCA” IY Fz Dk T QT = 29.616 , Tze? 272 2 4d0 le : et fh — eb | Kg = Cole ep ee (zac ra a 0001S &p (i258! C3: 3x0 4 2.sxe*)| = mint 54 iit AV ce ee Free iene! oF Fee ‘sts gana a3, * * = 1b nol M% eet : ma a / a oe xfax => Feo? fo“. BL 2 USC eee effet elicitin titer etnrcbee seer Back + a BEA dep abhor Ak fas a /Y Ve = ee [yemwcinay = tetge PM oeoO | ~ Goo ‘tm Sete ~ bm PN L Jx J-9 | ZT oeT NY a at oO ea azybeal BOs a Ve 2 ESS Goes 2 eS 6 0. ey ina ta ? ee = 01 O22F 3 cee re oon ea Nee a 2 OPa2t} i. v Ne 2 a 9: O22 2 % SESS oo pipes MyQiasten 2 4s they PY choten wf hs BR reccies 6 reno gun, ote A+i6 —* Cradt ee Ee ceasdan ds os Ta lhe bel Be ) che. Daman "Ss : — fax ¥* fe Gece v 4 ieaeK fe + Feo(Gs- 4x) J ¢ bono 4 feo i 2 Fre Sc+X) d Fos o tafeoX Fe 2 He (Ont 2x) c E fes=0 +QRox Fem Foot ee t2*| A eto cae fore i Fe Cee Cre Cy) Cem F here = 2 Cre (n+ 2% : & > & ne Ont 32)i/ feo, oagyen extern) ete rer! Gh), KOO z 20-79 oe to WY - 2 es x1o> eet: 0 zed = oe ee oe Oa Ctz¢2z-4¥ S-O = ~o ov / (Zs fool + 0-085 % (05) = OFS” Joo Pevfta Presque G On Paz RIx Gro (08 — #:5%*) ieee) ete f eerie) tit aa F-BIYF R520 XFS x10 Sx s- ¢-5 xo?) oe C= 277588) : = FRE YS : Tos Pwd Boerrt GC Pm z roa “3 Pogoy = ORT = F3l¢ x500% BSN (64 20°) [ — 0 SFEKOE = KRW ‘ ) fictie ile Comerrtoutiog ¢ On wk Bh Cmuaner’y 4 @z SxKIO3 (SA -CE = OX) aa C1 — 0: ot PS> Of) | Oo 2014 SL ase WAS GR Geb hes FA ~ Gennursiv 5 Fe ' B, “ a = gt) 2 ete) ooo = 0-00F8Z selO Ke on-p Coe — Gi22) am (Cyo z tk sone inn "o. 082 wind ook : oe ap K/ Bree dle 1 ES = Soe So Lee lene ey Bees : ae enero b-|-— ce ; = TOU", CT- “Te ) sy eee | om Tate, 06 + 6%, 12) J, [Abe Crgt Cam Gy = Tet go = = Ge [po4 O49) 4 0 (Be) = po| F. ey ere Tes ches on dee Hable Gx be ure + Olarete Kma $ Kes te ae pa pape ££ &t doe Jached oo Corfe! Gu Stee ot 690 fo aclrenre mesa {Ke % [i farrea,a - oO uo}sIeAuodReacher Techwolos W lem ae na Main Bawunches 2088 Nema 1 @&) @ Vs. Swolestanunett of te achara. 30) Demet we Coy PER Cmnactod BPRS BES, Ge “fa roe) vv Fyre hone ha Hon Sulit Qnemeip paar ues ic ey Bhar COTE & a Ge 7 oe eS Se hig Pa oe Gree Un 9 tot) =e —--. a ah SE an We ane 3 recens ly Y fart be HAAG ks RTEBay st Csepha> ae ae te AO" (o Comverse Can bz 'ebtanat fry to ary fern reeten ta He Giecded Geen. WY oO Lot wea et WB escry fo achrasa wrrm> fr 2 POR Gn bE a by cale—Anst + Low gheeley teeth dhe Cowra Portes— See O Te ane Ske + AK On wd fia ae Te p Concent eh eco c ‘dhackd pion cles ewen x Hy ) £ ©“Questo 2 beer 2 Accu whe mutery Rac hos, wlan oe K, = . Cat ae. eee Rae Kremp[ &CH- 4) PM 7+ 26 +273 oe Tz? 4279 2 400k ‘ os pep Ke = Coot xp ea (atc we) ) : zB 0- 0b &Xp (as) (3-302 2.5x00")] 5y wiv! AS QO tg eg bl to Fes “0S « Gomi i Sag." Aan ogee = ISI cool Y ; i ae Me fig *R 2 =D Fro 2 fs Sh = 5-6 at {) “Back + a ee Te CU vi ” ‘e re Ve = fee (SE iy 2 ee Iv Ex .ax Ameo Ie fo Mr Cro x IRENE Jato — = oazvbael So UT O-O8@t & YOO Ve 2 14S f= ; * aieay EeREvEL Vi - Nee & _ Ve aa 2 wpaapety Ne 2 9:O227 1 Care = 1B pipe,Otn~ 2 & TA Ihemwng eee £ rere ga, ote Py hota, ar hinibrg reacted. R+ig —+ Cc+aNh+ae Sretesiwactey “Ta be @ | Inka) chen Dawatnr 5 ee 4 fo. HfeX: = Fea(By—Ex) EC 0-0 + fee ce = FroGc4+x) ( db Fos =0 t2fpoX Fy = eo (Ont ax) E Fee=0 +QFaax Fe = PeoCeg tax] V To _ffe _ fro fre % ! Fis Cpe fe Coe Ce ® wT te, / '® = fo 2 OeGat ax : ‘ Ct 4+ tx) O° o Be Gary ace eann 7 Boor o0BS[x lOmf 5 gs nd? 22/ Gero 2 Aly = a Sut Y OBL AK i 0-6 ve > fee ongtin entering dee rani be ope aaniee “o eS), Sort = 20-77 cefo. Os 2 B= BE ee qyo st c= C+2¢2- -Y¥-S-) z+ - 0. sv Ss deof 2 0.025% (—0'5) 2-0 ere Joa Pavtial Presgua q o2. tee Rx Geo (08 — 45%) oo) RY + EFS C FB x520 x95 x03. (GF 45K Oey #7 ( (= 6077582) o = FRR KM/S Toe fowheat aa GE C%w PoGo = SRT = Bly x500 « B- sxx (64 2 O° © SP KRW . ee TON Conerpating sg On Ph Omer 4 z 25x" SAH: x 0%) Cio: et 7S o%) a Gesyer TAS CN GREER | a Ae \ ye eet od) fia Fa = 0-004F72 oset/ \ ne Gonnusivwala - i ech 8 ao Key] > YS fx] ee sss 4 th = Inj ae > Ke o-p (20 - Gia) am : Sun ft ant ¢ : sc EEC eee “6 82 in Hook QT Zo: ae Kw (Vos fee. JE = sy te a : Cet ep hie fy — emery bea[o— ce 'Xeg = 2OUQ.CT-Te) FO Tae, + B,C Te) Ab p> eee “GEG, & [704 O40) 4 0(B0) = po| FE ; 7— Te) 120(F—1100) | keg EGR. EEE Tes fermperefurts eee Hable Gu be uted te Gl te Kua 4 Kes z 7 2 fo aclvene resme flea } pforrea es,| Conversion (X) ° ° ° iy ih afer pee A, Gul, Goo = dah / atm Gee = poe? 202 K = O28 elf] a Va (bg) = Ae into” Gra SoC [~ <) Cj+8x) i- & a, l+ 22, es oe oe ieee em est@ Ve Coe OX / %) ( — Ceath 5plet ae hoy —( Us hs Go wel Os 2Vi/ rhit PY ate Led fou . = pboshy : = 4.03 wil rp fo ~ aoste M/("9)607 Y (“1-)Bo7 b= 9S09'0 + xpzo0'z = AVAAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNLOGY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TEST PAPER 3: MARK 70 : DURATION: 2H00 : DATE: 13/05/2011 Examiners: Peter Osifo QUESTION [20] i ‘The variation of the initial rate of reaction with varying initial concentration of reactant A is { given below: it | Ate. tag | 5 Cao “TAO dt ) Ra (mol/L) (gmol/L-h) BY >? Thee EG om Me 2 x Ne 8" ( 2 797 C : O ~ AG _ ont ved aoe 7 18.00 ae * | ae, ~y BS 4 3240 Ln SEe pate tbbats, 9 % 5 $0.00 BR Bae at a Use the above data to determine the order of the reaction with ‘tespect to reactant A and the din = = ty 3, specific rate constant of the reaction, a 8 —= 8+ = Az JX cam \. QUESTION2 pai Aja: fx 1 ‘C) A gaseous feed containing 75% A and 25% inert is fed to a tubular reactor a¢ 400K and 10 atm, 4 For different volumetric flow rate of feed of the same composition, the fractional conversion varies as shown: Nouns * RauhY ts ver. [a Ol 04 05 06 07 [22 Cima) 5.0 208 7118 084 0.595 0.439 0.318 tae = 200 YS" Volunw Consistent with above data ifthe react A~>B+D E = yhoge attr Or A iu = aie . NV 03%" Ce fb J a Fer ee me tor OO ae Son Some 66° * | of A has the stoi cm e(d) What conversion can be their volume 7.2 and 2.4 lit. The intermediate conversion from PFR is 40%, ichieved if PFR followed by CSTR are arranged in series with (©) What conversion can be achieved if the arrangement in (c) is changed from CSTR to PFR with the same intermediate conversion and volumes? Pa: dm* ‘mol K = 0.082 atm ‘mol-K R=8314. #83144 mmol E Reactor Differential Batch CSTR ax PER od PBR v = EX ta Integral * ax feta fay x V =Fay{— ln x W = Faof 2VAAL TRIANGLE TECHNIKON FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ‘DEPARTMENT : CHEMICAL ENGINEERING BACCALAUREUS TECHNOLOGIAE: ENGINEERING: CHEMICAL SUBJECT “REACTOR TECHNOLOGY IV ACRINSA SUBJECT CODE . < 030509406. pare ‘NOVEMBER 2001 } DURATION +3 HOURS EXAMINER + Mr. B. NKALANGA MODERATOR Mr P NAIDOO MARKS : AVAILABLE MARKS +120 ULE MARKS = 115 REQUIREMENTS: Caleulators ‘Graph paper INSTRUCTIONS: Answer all questions Number clearly and correctly ENGLISH QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF:6 TYPED PAGES. __ 4 PAGES APPENDICES DO NOT TURN THE PAGE BEFORE PERMISSION IS GRANTED.Question a 4. Name the:application, advantages and disadvantages of employing this type of reactors in industry. a) Bath reactors b) CSTR Q PER dd) Fixed’bed (packed bed) (4) ), Question 2 For the Irreversible gas-phase reaction: A>2B ‘The following correlation was determined from laboratory data (inital concentration oF A is 0:29 molt): 10° For X 30,5: —-= 3.0 ——_— n For X >0,5: i +f, mss mol =3.0+ 10K -0.5) m0! atos 19 8 e toryvry 6 g frits/ moll 4 3 2 1 0 - - ao 0c OF BE 08 i Conversion X oy The Volumetric flow rate is 5 m/s. 2 7 a OuR nal range oF enimeisons ane heplue-néw leacanand ESTR volumes identical? bi. we conversion will be achieved in a CSTR thathas a volume of G ‘thet pug tow reactor volume is necessary to achieve: 70% 4 : conversion? ; di What CSTR reactor 15 required ifeffluent from the plug Bes eget tec) ett Eee eee te 90 %? ‘@.. If the reaction iscarried out in-a constant-pressure batch reactor in which pure A Is fed to the reactor, whet length of time 15 necessary to achieve 40% conversion? i22]‘Question 3 For silicon to be used in the manufacture of microstectronicdevices, it must contain less than 150 parts pet tilion of impurities, This ultra pure silicon canbe produced by reacting metallurgical silicon (98% pure) and HCI to form trichlorositane and other products. This mixture'is distilled and then the trichlorosilane is reacted with hydrogen at'1100 °C to form pelycrystaliine silicon, HCI, and other silane products in the following reaction: SIHCL, +H, + Sifs) + HCl + SiH.cl, wel y=2,262 2:d Set up‘ stoichiomettic table’ for the above teaction, am e 2.2 Determine the'total concentration If the total pressire maybe taken 2 Lf thbe2 atm at stoichiometric. ~ 2.3 Determine the total molar How rate-and the equations, to-express the " “concentration:as a furiction of conversion for éach spécias, + 24 Sketch the concentrations of each species as @ functién of conversion. RaQuestion 4 ‘The following rediction takes:place In a-CSTR: A >B Pure.A is fed to the reactor under the following conditions: Fro = LO Moifmin. A Gigs 2.mol/nt Ve Pend ke? Rate Law: KE, The activation energy: ‘What is the conversion ih 3 PFR at 325 K with the seme volume? Fy cyn0s: 505 K ee X=0-75,Question 5 ‘The formation of dipheny is to be-carried out at 760°C. The feed is to be pure i benzene inthe gas phase at a total pressure of 5 atm. aiid at 760°C, The e | ‘specific rateis 1800 fe/Ib mols.and the concenfration-equilioriamis 32s Ke, ; estimated by the devenport trispeed Oscimeter: The beteh reactor volume [part d] is 1500.dim’. Also, the inside of the batch reactor is corroding badly, as evidenced by the particulate material that is falling off the sides onto the bottom of the reactor; and'you may not need to address this effect. Ce & CH, tH, | he ‘orkard aad reverse speci tate canstants,-ke and Ka, respectively.) > a) Whatisthe he ein conversion? # Calculate ‘the lume necessary to-achieve 98:% of the ee equlibcum conversion of benzene B) PER Gwith a benzene feed of 10 tbmot/ STR GWitha enzane feed of £0 Eoin) hie Fatio of the initial j raterof reaction (.e. X = 0) at 1400 °F to that at 800 °F: / [26] | Questions i A homogeneous liquid phase second-order irreversible reaction Oo ASOD Sy 1s to be carried out in 2 tubular (plug-flow) reactor, The PFR has avvolume of 5.334, Its proposed that to increase: convent, 2 astirred reactor (CSTR) of 100-gal capacity be installed in series with, and Imm inset unre of the PFR. Calculate the new conversion,yg 4.39 lhe {= = Yay 4.828 Figure 1. Schematic of the'original design with PFR, Fa = Foo 1.51 Ibmolfae Figure’2. Schematic of the CSTR and PFR system Problems: 4. Will @ CSTR upstream:of a PFR improve conversion? 2. Which variables have the same values for bath of the systems? ae 1, Determine thepréblemparameteryfromthedakegovent 2. We the parameters for the new designs [26] Question 7 cath 1. Draw.adiagramand explain the process by which heterogenous catalytic. reaction proceeds, [13]{ Reactor Technology IV —_ Reacor ote Balance a Fee ee LZ} ous May ‘No spacial variation ry a fam Fy | No ipniatvaciion: 2 ae sib site a : {_}» ™ Steady sie acesern - TY PBR Steady:scare: i $e san ee = where A = preexponential factor or Bequency factor E-= activation enerey, Jitol or-calfmol t R= gos coustiae= 9314 Vonol=K = 1.987 calimats K : T = absolute emperanie, K We ke Relationship. Bt 5 kk, io i= so] SF | a o REN RoUaTIOns Di ial roraic tintég py ‘Batch Vga = Weg [2 ch + Pie ff AS fhe design yCSTR) koe a)ACRINAA | { Reactor Technology IV Ideal Gas Constant and Conversion Integrals if Reactor Design Factors tdeal Gas Consiant nevis pens RSL Pee iter Aste oe Fale site tasty « Ws) = 0.032 Haun, _ 0.082 oat A mcota mob asmablC 7 7 Fog Heated Pepin = 9 + whe johegy Volume of ldeal Gas : i ea " US Bt 32°F hd 1 atioceupies 350 te Inger OeF 1, wy g86-at/0°C-and 1 atm occupies 22. uin, I ia Hae “a Sa-A Te es td 2 = iy eB AES ART G He as : 2. Solas ake I aire ata =] for bESvac (48) co ™ Ya = mole-fraction OFA | (=aljidaw = Zoe “a yer] iaioy A Voluine oe. t whese’p aud’g are the rodts of thetquadion. i =beylbidac - {Mites = 9mm. ax? ated te=O bead re = 28.32 dn? weit be ue 1m? = 1000 da? 1US.gullon = 3.785: din) a Lg 1 f= 29:32 gin? TR ( "SSS dad ~ ) org 8 é eGi Reactor Technology W = : : ‘isal'Gaé Contiant and Conversion Facts Pressure Energy (Work) {torr (1. same) = 0.13893 apa in EO = 024886 Key tain, Hg: = 43843 kPa 1 = JOL33 kPa. 1 = 6.8913 koa 1 mégddyne/eni® = 100 kPa Temperacire SR Pe LS x 32 R ae “Rate af change of eneegy:with me Tova = hues 1p’ 748 tis Force 1 djné = 1 gsemis? LNewows 1 kgsmnis? UNewtensim? <1 Ra ‘Work ‘Work = Force: Distance Oo Lovie. i Nisetoin-meier = tkgniteupgim - 3 ‘Gravitational ‘Conversion factor Gravitiional soustane & Ametioan Enginesting System SleegeSyétem, , ge= LDimensionlesgyAcRINaA | 1 -MOLE BALANCES PER sth BATCH @ ewer Sale egos ee ote fo Ha fin evs Se ATOR Yip BimceyV ad 1 rg fA u NgGia-n a Sof Sr cae CTR og, oi i vei Fash) Nyse tt ¥) “Plug Ftow; “* a , Pee a se uoin'#” SS iogaans —_soeneans #“ louen eas agg stated Y= Fal op Geant iw eam Vaile orale: —_Verabia volumes ‘Sonata vol wa egy 21 Py wae ae E TE veut aanie WM eal eye] [Eta it Gag 2) PD crate SCONE (eH Cider GaePheae Reece ta. PrRD Flam ing Bane Fama Sn ae « & ¢ aD" Bg Fe caren Fb Bok 1B) vtens Z “ = >] g Qo = 3 é iH