Basics of IT Set-I

1. Briefly explain Registers.

Sol:- A, special, high-speed storage area within the CPU. All data must be
represented in a register before it can be processed. For example, if two
numbers are to be multiplied, both numbers must be in registers, and the
result is also placed in a register. (The register can contain the address of a
memory location where data is stored rather than the actual data itself.)
The number of registers that a CPU has and the size of each (number of bits)
help determine the power and speed of a CPU. For example a 32-bit CPU is
one in which each register is 32 bits wide. Therefore, each CPU instruction
can manipulate 32 bits of data.
Usually, the movement of data in and out of registers is completely
transparent to users, and even to programmers. Only assembly language
programs can manipulate registers. In high-level languages, the compiler is
responsible for translating high-level operations into low-level operations that
access registers.
(v) To notify a manufacturer that you have purchased its product. Registering
a product is often a prerequisite to receiving customer support, and it is one
of the ways that software producers control software piracy.

2. What are complier and interpreter?

Sol: - A compiler is a computer program (or set of programs) that translates text
written in a computer language (the source language) into another computer
language (the target language). The original sequence is usually called the
source code and the output called object code. Commonly the output has a
form suitable for processing by other programs (e.g., a linker), but it may be a
human-readable text file. The most common reason for wanting to translate
source code is to create an executable program. The name "compiler" is
primarily used for programs that translate source code from a high-level
programming language to a lower level language (e.g., assembly language or
machine language)
An interpreter normally means a computer program that executes, i.e.
performs, instructions written in a programming language. While interpretation
and compilation are the two principal means by which programming languages
are implemented, these are not fully distinct categories, one of the reasons
being that most interpreting systems also perform some translation work, just
like compilers. An interpreter may be a program that either

• Executes the source code directly.

• translates source code into some efficient intermediate representation
(code) and immediately executes this
• Explicitly executes stored precompiled code made by a compiler which
is part of the interpreter system
 3. Explain the process of installing Windows XP.

Sol:- Installation process of Windows XP:-When setting up any edition of

Windows XP, there are three types of installation

 Clean Install:- According to name, this installation sets up a

fresh copy of Windows XP completely replacing an y previous OS and
data in that drive. It can be started by booting directly from CD.
 Upgrade install:- Any of previous version could be upgrade in new one.

 Side by side (multiboot) install:- In this install user can setup

multiboot option i.e. on boot time user have to choose which OS have to
run. Install new windows in separate drive so old one coexist.
Process of windows XP installation:- The easiest way to start installation is
boot from CD(windows XP’s). After inserting CD and restarting a boot
prompts comes “press a key to boot from CD” by pressing any of key
computer boots from CD. If any windows is install before then prompts a
welcome window with option of repair either performs a clean install. In the
next step a windows prompts for End User License Agreement (EULA) and a
serial key of CD which in on CD cover. After these steps installation of
windows performs and few minute later windows XP is ready for use.

4. Write a note on:

a) Clip gallery:- clip gallery is a tool to preview a wide variety of pictures, photo
graphs, sounds and video clips that we can insert in our documents. Insertion of a clip
in document is made by clicking on clip art tab on drawing toolbar and selecting the
clip or picture at appropriate space. By dragging a picture or clip we can also insert clip
in document.
b) Mail Merge: - A mail merge is facility in word is to merges address
information from one file with textual information from other file. By using
mail merge, it is possible to type in any data just once, and uses it as often as
required. This is useful function when dealing with standard forms or letter.
List of names and address can be kept on file up-date when necessary, and
merged with standard forms or letter.
c) Work book:- Spreadsheets works with a consistent file concept. So, all data
is gathered in a sheet. These sheets store all current status of the workspace,
along, with all currently opened files and the setting select for them. These
sheets are called ‘workbook’.
 d) Logical functions:-That functions which uses logical operators are called
logical function. Logical function are used to check the conditions if condition
is true it performs the test.
Function Returns Examples
If (test, rue, false) It returns a specified value If (A1>50):If(A1>B1)
depending on the test
False() Logical value false =False()
True() Logical value true =True()
And (A1, A2…) True if each condition true And(A1.40,A2>40,A3>4
0)
Or (A1, A2…) True if any condition true Or (A1>40,A2>40 ……..)

Not(1) False if condition true It returns true if given

Not(A1>A2)
Basics of IT Set-II

1. What is a desktop? Explain the Windows XP desktop?

Sol: - Desktop originally refers literally to the surface of a desk. The noun has been
adopted as an adjective to distinguish among office appliances which can be fitted
on top of a desk, as contrasts with a larger piece of equipment which covers its
own area on the floor.

2. What is a font? Explain how to install a new font.

A font (also fount) is traditionally defined as a complete character set of a single

size and style of a particular typeface. For example, the set of all characters for 9-
point Bulmer italic is a font, and the 10-point size would be a separate font, as
would the 9 point upright.

Since the introduction of computer fonts based on fully scalable outlines, a

broader definition has evolved. Font is no longer size-specific, but still refers to a
single style. Bulmer regular, Bulmer italic, Bulmer bold and Bulmer bold italic
are four fonts, but one typeface.

However, the term font is also often used as a metonym for typeface.

3. Briefly explain VLSIC, ENIAC & EDVAC.

ENIAC, short for Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer,[1][2] was the
first general-purpose electronic computer. It was the first Turing-complete, digital
computer capable of being reprogrammed to solve a full range of computing
problems,[3] although earlier machines had been built with some of these
properties. ENIAC was designed and built to calculate artillery firing tables for
the U.S. Army's Ballistic Research Laboratory.
EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) was one of the
earliest electronic computers. Unlike its predecessor the ENIAC, it was binary
rather than decimal, and was a stored program machine. The EDVAC was a
binary serial computer with automatic addition, subtraction, multiplication,
programmed division and automatic checking with an ultrasonic serial memory[1]
 capacity of 1,000 44-bit words (later set to 1,024 words, thus giving a memory, in
modern terms, of 5.5 kilobytes).
4. Write a note on robust system protection tools.

Sol: - Robust system protection tools. A common source of problems in previous

Windows versions is "DLL hell"—the irritating instability that results when
poorly written applications replace crucial system files with outdated or
incorrect versions. Windows XP monitors these crucial system files, preserving
the correct version of the system file while allowing the program you just
installed to use its own DLL file. For additional protection, you can use the
System Restore utility (shown in Figure 1-2) to create a snapshot of system
files and settings so that you can "roll back" to a previous configuration when
a new application or device driver causes problems.