KNE223 Electrical Engineering 1

Tutorial Transformers and Synchronous Generators

1. Draw a -Y three phase transformer connection and determine the ratio of the line voltages

(
 ) and the ratio of the line currents ( ).





2. Draw a - three phase transformer connection and determine the ratio of the line voltages
(


)



and the ratio of the line currents ( ).



3. When operating with an open-circuit load and with rated primary voltage, a certain 60Hz, 20
kVA, 8000/240 V rms transformer has a primary current of 0.315 A rms and absorbs 360 W.
Which of the elements of the equivalent circuit can be determined using this information?
Find the numerical values of these elements.

4. A 1000-VA, 230/115 V transformer has been tested to determine its equivalent circuit. The
results of the test are shown below. All data were taken from the primary side of the
transformer.
Find the equivalent circuit of this transformer referred to the low-voltage side of the
transformer
Find the transformers voltage regulation at rated conditions and (1) 0.8 pf lagging, (2)
1.0 pf, and (3) 0.8 pf leading
Determine the transformers efficiency at rated conditions and 0.8 pf lagging.
Open-circuit test
 = 230 
 = 0.90 
 = 160 

Short-circuit test
 = 12 
 = 5.0 
 = 20.1 
Solutions:  = 3.8%, 1.6%, 1.2%,  = 93.2%

5. A 480V, 60 Hz, connected, 4 pole synchronous generator has an OCC shown in Fig.
1. This generator has a synchronous reactance of 0.1 and an armature resistance of
0.015 . At full load, the machine supplies 1200 A at 0.8 pf lagging. Under full load
conditions, the friction and winding losses are 40kW, and the core losses are 30 kW.
Ignore field circuit loss.
(a) What is the speed of this generator?
(b) How much field current must be supplied to the generator to make the
terminal voltage 480V at no load?

(c) If the generator is now connected to a load and the load draws 1200 A at 0.8pf
lagging, how much field current will be required to keep the terminal voltage
equal to 480 V?
(d) How much power is the generator supplying?
(e) How much power is supplied to the generator by the prime mover?
(f) What is the overall efficiency of this generator?
(g) What would happen to the terminal voltage if the generators load was
suddenly disconnected?

Figure 1
Solutions: 1800 rpm, 4.5 A, 5. A, 798 kW, 889.6 kW, 89.75%