Service Marketing

John Deere Construction and Forestry

Reference Guidelines
For Wear Metals, Contaminants, Lubricants, Coolant and Fuel
Version 12 January 2010
Changes on this and Previous Versions

Recent adopted figures shown in bold

On this Edition
New Cool Gard II guidelines
New table for hydraulic fluids (Forestry factory fill)
Disclaimer on guidelines added on first page

New signature tables with new products added

New table for 350D/400D ADT transmission
Improved wording on Metal and Contaminants section

Changes on previous edition

Wear Metals and Contaminant Guidelines

The following tables contain general information and are system focused rather than machine family specific with
few exceptions indicated by footnotes. Use these tables only as a guideline. ALS Staveley lab has complete and
detailed guidelines by component and model that sometimes may trigger alarms at different levels than
indicated on tables within this document. Also keep in mind that application, environment, filtration and type of
lubricants, and attachments, could produce different readings that may not be indicative of malfunction or
contamination.
Time Dependant Elements: Certain elements tend to increase with time with regard to others and independently
from filtration. These tables identify those elements and suggest the hours for these readings.
Units of Measure
PPM (Part Per Million) is used to indicate relative concentration of wear metals, water, contaminants and
additives measured in weight in relation to the fluid sample volume weight.
Percentage (%) of concentration represents the relative water and fuel contamination.
Particle Counts indicate different groupings of particle concentrations. They are typically measured in 4 micron and
higher, 6 micron and higher, 14 micron and higher, 23 micron and higher and 50 microns and higher concentrations
per milliliter. These numbers correlate with an ISO chart to obtain a three number cleanliness code. See explanation
in page 4.
ISO Cleanliness Codes is the standard method to classify fluid cleanliness measurements more easily. Until 1999
the ISO 1944 particle size classification was used to measure 5 and 15-micron particle concentration expressed in a
two number code. After 1999, a revision to this standard came into effect, which measures 4/6/14 micron particle
concentrations. The older two numbers for 5/15-micron measurement closely correlate to 6/ 14-micron current
measurements.
Absorbance, abs/cm is a unit to report oxidation, nitration and sulfation. This unit is a direct reading from the FTIR
instrument (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and expresses the wavelengths of certain chemical
compounds of interest representative of the required tests.

Sealed Hydraulics 1000 H

Readings Except Hydrostatics

Silicon Excavators* HN46

Silicon Crawlers* 10W-30
Iron (Excavators)+
Iron (Crawlers)+
Copper
Sodium
Aluminum*
Lead
Chromium
Nickel (Report only)
Tin (Report only)
Water, Hyd. Fluids Hitachi
46HN, AW32/46/68
Water, Calcium Based Fluids
i.e. Engine oil, Hy-Gard

2
Normal
Lower Limits
Upper Limits
0-5
0 -10
5-15
0-8
0-8
0-10
0-3
0-4
0-3
0-2
0-1
<500 (<0.05%)

6-10
11-15
16-25
9-15
9-15
11-20
4-8
5-10
4-8
2-4
2-3
500-750 (0.050.075%)

Abnormal

Critical

11-20
16-25
26-35
16-25
16-25
21-30
9-15
11-15
9-15
5-8
4-5
751-1000 (0.0750.10%)

>20
>25
>36
>25
>25
>30
>15
>15
>15
>8
>5
>1000 (>0.10%)

751-1000 (0.0751001-1500 (0.10>1501 (>0.1.5%)

0.1%
0.15%)
*Time dependant elements. + Iron readings will be higher on hydraulic systems where multiple hydraulic cylinders are used.

Sealed Hydraulics 1000 H

Readings Hydrostatics

Silicon*
Iron*
Copper
Sodium
Aluminum*
Lead
Chromium
Nickel (Report only)
Tin (Report only)
Water - Calcium Based
Fluids Engine oil, Hy-Gard

<750 (<0.075%)

Normal
Lower Limits
Upper Limits

Abnormal

Critical

0-15
0-15
0-20
0-10
0-3
0-4
0-3
0-2
0-1

16-30
16-30
21-40
11-20
4-8
5-10
4-8
2-4
2-3

31-40
31-70
41-70
21-30
9-15
11-15
9-15
5-8
4-5

>40
>70
>70
>30
>15
>15
>15
>8
>5

<750 (<0.075%)

751-1000 (0.0750.1%

1001-1500 (0.100.15%)

>1501 (>0.1.5%)

Abnormal

Critical

11-15
31-50
16-20
11-20
5-10
6-12
5-10
3-5
1-2
500-750 (0.050.075%)

16-25
51-70
21-30
21-30
11-20
13-20
11-20
6-8
3-4
751-1000 (0.0750.010%)

>25
>70
>30
>30
>20
>20
>20
>8
>4

751-1000 (0.0750.1%

1001-1500 (0.100.15%)

*Time dependant elements.

Non-Sealed Hydraulics
Axial Pumps *1000 H Readings
Skidders, Backhoe, Motor
Graders, Loaders, Skid Steers

Silicon*
Iron*
Copper
Sodium
Aluminum*
Lead
Chromium
Nickel (Report only)
Tin (Report only)
Water, Hyd. Fluids Hitachi
HN46, AW32/46/68
Water - Calcium Based
Fluids i.e. Engine Oil
*Time dependant elements.

Normal
Lower Limits
Upper Limits
0-10
10-30
0-15
0-10
0-4
0-5
0-4
0-2
0-1
<500 (<0.05%)
<750 (<0.075%)

>1000 (>0.10%)
>1501 (>0.1.5%)

3
Engines*500 H Readings
Silicon*
Iron*
Copper
Sodium
Aluminum*
Lead
Chromium
Nickel (Report only)
Tin (Report only)
Potassium
Fuel
Water
Nitration (see page 4)
Sulfation (see page 4)
Soot

Normal
Lower Limits
Upper Limits
0-5
0-40
0-15
0-5
0-15
0-15
0-5
0-2
0-1
0-10
<1%
<0.1%
<15 abs/cm
<20 abs/cm
<1.5%

6-20
41-70
16-25
6-30
16-30
16-25
6-10
3-4
2-3
11-30
1-1.5%
0.1-0.2%
15 to 20 abs/cm
21 to 25 abs/cm
1.5-2.9%

Abnormal

Critical

21-30
71-100
26-40
31-50
31-45
26-40
11-15
5-8
4-5
31-50
1.6-2%
0.21-0.99%
21 to 25 abs/cm
26 to 30 abs/cm
3-4.9%

>30
>100
>40
>50
>46
>40
>15
>8
>5
>50
>2%
>1.00%
>25
>30
>5%

*Time dependant elements.

Power Shift
Transmissions
*1000 H Readings
Silicon*
Iron*
Copper
Sodium
Aluminum*
Lead
Chromium
Tin (Report only)
Water (Assumes Hy-Gard)

Normal
Lower Limits
Upper Limits

Abnormal

Critical

0-20
0-60
0-70
0-30
0-4
0-8
0-2
0-2

21-30
61-100
70-120
31-50
5-10
9-15
3-6
3-6

31-60
101-180
121-200
51-80
11-15
16-20
7-10
7-10

>60
>180
>200
>80
>15
>20
>10
>10

<750 (<0.075%)

751-1000 (0.0750.1%

1001-1500 (0.100.15%)

>1500 (>0.1.5%)

*Time dependant elements.

Transfer Case

*500H Readings
Silicon*
Iron*
Copper
Sodium
Aluminum*
Lead
Chromium
Tin (Report only)
Water (Assumes Transynd)
*Time dependant elements.

Normal
Lower Limits
Upper Limits

Abnormal

Critical

0-3
0-35
0-27
0-30
0-10
0-35
0-1
0-1

3-5
36-75
28-55
31-50
11-20
36- 75
1-3
1-3

6-15
76-100
56-75
51-80
21-30
76-100
4-5
4-5

>15
>100
>75
>80
>30
>100
>5
>5

<500 (<0.05%)

500-750 (0.050.075%)

750-1000 (0.0750.10%)

>1000 (>0.10%)

4
Filtered Axles and Differential
Axles, *500 H Readings
Single Brake Disk
Silicon*
Iron*
Copper
Sodium
Aluminum*
Lead
Chromium
Water (Hy-Gard) GL-4
*Axles,

*500 H Readings
Multi-Disc Service Brake
Silicon*
Iron*
Copper
Sodium
Aluminum*
Lead
Chromium
Water (Hy-Gard) GL-4

Normal
Lower Limits
Upper Limits

Abnormal

Critical

0-20
0-250
0-6
0-30
0-10
0-26
0-4

21-30
251-500
7-12
31-50
11-20
27-52
5-10

31-60
501-799
13-17
51-80
21-30
53-75
11-15

>60
>899
>17
>80
>30
>80
>15

<750 (<0.0750%)

751-1000 (0.0750.10%)

1001-1500 (0.100.15%)

>1500 (>0.15%)

Abnormal

Critical

Normal
Lower Limits
Upper Limits
0-20
0-600
0-50
0-30
0-10
0-30
0-4

21-30
601-1000
51-100
31-50
11-20
31-50
5-10

31-60
1001-1300
51-80
51-80
21-30
51-80
11-15

>60
>1301
>80
>80
>30
>80
>15

<750 (<0.0750%)

751-1000 (0.0750.10%)

1001-1500 (0.100.15%)

>1500 (>0.15%)

*Time dependant elements.

Non-Filtered Axles and Differentials

Axles, 500 H Readings
Single-Disk Service Brake

Normal
Lower Limits
Upper Limits

Abnormal

Critical

0-20
0-300
0-7
0-30
0-10
0-24
0-4

21-30
301-600
8- 20
31-50
11-20
25-48
5-10

31-60
601-984
21-30
51-80
21-30
49-70
11-15

>60
>984
>30
>80
>30
>70
>15

Water (Hy-Gard) GL-4

<750 (<0.0750%)

751-1000 (0.0750.10%)

1001-1500 (0.100.15%)

>1500 (>0.15%)

Axles, *500H Readings

Multi-Disk Service Brakes

Normal
Lower Limits
Upper Limits

Abnormal

Critical

21-30
751-1500
61-100
31-50
11-20
31-50
5-10

31-60
1501-3000
101-150
51-80
21-30
51-80
11-15

>60
>3000
>150
>80
>30
>80
>15

501-750 (0.050.075%)
751-1000 (0.0750.10%)

751-1000 (0.0750.10%)
1001-1500 (0.100.15%)

Silicon*
Iron*
Copper
Sodium
Aluminum*
Lead
Chromium

Silicon*
Iron*
Copper
Sodium
Aluminum*
Lead
Chromium

0-20
0-750
0-60
0-30
0-10
0-30
0-4

Water (Gear Oils) GL-5

<500 (0.05%)

Water (Hy-Gard) GL-4

<750 (<0.0750%)

*Time dependant elements.

>1000 (>0.10%)
>1500 (>0.15%)

Differentials *1000 Hour

Readings ADT 250D-400D
Silicon*
Iron*
Copper
Sodium
Aluminum*
Lead
Chromium
Water for gear oil 90W J11F
TAN for 80W-90W J11F

5
Normal
Lower Limits
Upper Limits

Abnormal

Critical

0-20
0-240
0-60
0-30
0-10
0-3
0-4

21-40
241-470
61-100
31-50
11-20
4-7
5-6

41-60
471-700
101-150
51-80
21-40
8-11
7-10

>60
>700
>150
>80
>40
>11
>15

<500 (<0.05%)

501-750 (0.050.075%)

751-1000 (0.0750.10%

>1000 (>0.10%)

3.5

4.9

5-6

>6

*Time dependant elements.

Final Drives, Tandems, Pump Drive Gearboxes, Swing/Circle Gearboxes

Final Drives *1000H
Readings

Silicon*
Iron*
Copper
Sodium
Aluminum*
Lead
Chromium
Water 80W90 J11F
TAN for 80W- 90 J11F

Normal
Lower Limits
Upper Limits

Abnormal

Critical

0-15
0-185
0-25
0-30
0-10
0-25
0-2

16-32
186-370
26-50
31-50
11-20
26-50
3-4

33-50
371-515
51-74
51-80
21-30
51-78
5-6

>50
>515
>74
>80
>30
>78
>6

<500 (<0.05%)

501-750 (0.050.075%)

751-1000 (0.0750.10%

>1000 (>0.10%)

3.5

4.9

5-6

>6

Abnormal

Critical

21-30
101-150
31-50
61-100
31-50
11-20
26-50
5-10

31-60
151-300
51-80
101-150
51-80
21-30
51-80
11-15

>60
>300
>80
>150
>80
>30
>80
>15

501-750 (0.050.075%)
751-1000 (0.0750.10%)

751-1000 (0.0750.10%
1001-1500 (0.100.15%)

*Time dependant elements.

Final Drives, Splitter (Pump

Drive Gearbox),

Swing Gearbox

*500H Readings
Silicon*
Iron*
Copper
Copper (1)
Sodium
Aluminum*
Lead
Chromium
Water (Gear Oils) GL-5
Water (Hy-Gard) GL-4 &
Engine oil
*Time dependant elements.

Normal
Lower Limits
Upper Limits
0-20
0-100
0-30
0-60
0-30
0-10
0-25
0-4
<500 (<0.05%)
<750 (<0.0750%)

>1000 (>0.10%)
>1500 (>0.15%)

6
Tandems *500 H Readings
Motor Graders, Skid Steer
Loaders
Silicon *
Iron *
Copper
Copper - SSL
Sodium
Aluminum *
Lead
Lead SS Loaders
Chromium
Water (Hy-Gard) GL-4

Normal
Lower Limits
Upper Limits

Abnormal

Critical

0-20
0-125
0-10
0
0-10
0-10
0-5
0
0-4

21-30
126-250
11-25
NA
11-20
11-20
6-10
NA
5-10

31-60
300-600
25-50
NA
21-40
21-30
11-20
NA
11-15

>60
>600
>50
NA
>40
>30
>21
NA
>15

<750 (<0.0750%)

751-1000 (0.0750.10%)

1001-1500 (0.100.15%)

>1500 (>0.15%)

*Time dependant elements.

Physical Properties
Viscosity is the internal resistance of a lubricant or fluid to flow. The most common viscosity measurement is
Kinematic viscosity and it is expressed in an ISO unit called centistokes (cSt). Hydraulic fluid viscosity is measured
at 40 degrees C while engine oils are measured at 100 degrees C. Viscosity variation of more than 10% or 15% up
or down need attention, see table in page 6 for guidelines.
Oxidation of an oil or fluid represents the remaining life of the antioxidant additive. When a fluid is totally oxidized
there is no additive left to protect the system. The additive depletes over time and its depletion is accelerated by
high temperatures, water and contaminants.
TBN or total base number is the alkaline reserve of that oil to neutralize acid formation.
TAN or total acid number is an opposing corresponding number to TBN and represents the total acidic level of the
oil.

Physical Properties

Normal

Abnormal

Critical

<20 abs/cm

20-25abs/cm

>25 abs/cm

TBN Engines

>5

2.6 - 4.9

<2.5

Sulfation Engines

<25

>25 - 40

>40

TAN Hy-Gard/Engine oil

<5

5-6

>7

TAN HN46/AW

<1

1.1-2

>2

TAN Transynd

<1.5

1.6 2.0

>2.1

TAN Gear oils

TAN Gear Oil JDM J11F

<3.0

3.1-4.4

>4.5

3.5 -5.9

67

>7

Oxidation

(844J/ADTs)

7
APPROXIMATE VISCOSITY CHANGES WITH HOURS cSt @ 40 Degrees C - HYDRAULIC FLUIDS, UNMIXED
300
500
1000
2000
3000
4000
0
Hours
Hitachi HN46 Japan (160, 450-850)
46-48
46
45
44
43
41.7
40
Hitachi HN46 USA (200-350)
44-46
43-46
43-45
42-44
41-43
40-42
40-41
NA
NA
Engine Oil 10W-30 Hydrost.
67.4
60
52.8
50.8
50
Engine Oil 10W-30 Digging
67.4
50.5
46
43.9
42.6
40
39
Torq Gard 0W-40
85.7
44
43.5
42.5
42
NA
NA
Hy-Gard Hydraulics
57
52
48
40
39.9
NA
NA
Hy-Gard Loader Transmissions
57
50
45
39
37
NA
NA
Shell Tellus S 46
44.1
41.8
40.57
39.7
38.8
NA
NA
Other AW46
46
43
41
38
37
NA
NA
APPROXIMATE ENGINE OIL VISCOSTY CHANGE (IN ENGINE USE) cSt @ 100 Degrees C
Oils

NEW

125H

250H

350H

500 H

10W-30
15W-40
0W -40

10.71 - 11
15.1 - 15.7
15.2 - 15.8

8.5 - 9.5
12.5 - 13.5
12.2 - 13.2

9.50 -10.5
13.5 - 14.5
13.0 - 14.2

10.5 - 11.5
14.5 - 15.5
13.5 - 14.5

12.5
15.5 -16.0
14.2 - 15.2

With Fuel
>2% but <4%
@ ~250 H

@ ~500 H

With Glycol
600-700 ppm
K and Na

6.0 - 7.0
8.0 - 9.1
8.0 - 9.2

12.0 -14.0
16.1 -17.5
16.1 -17.6

15.0 -16
18.0 - 24
18.0 - 25

Particle Counts Interpretation

ISO Cleanliness Table
Amount of dirt particles
in a 1 ml sample
larger than these specified
sizes: 4m / 6m / 14m
EXAMPLE

30,000 of 4 and larger

500 of 6 and larger
60 of 14 and larger
Gives an ISO Code 22/16/13

For every change in fluid cleanliness code,

particle double in quantity.

HIGH Soot
>2% but < 4%

Particle Counts Cleanliness Code Guidelines for Different Systems

System/Product

Normal Range

Abnormal

Critical

Sealed Hydraulics Excavators,

Assumes use of HN46 Fluid

18-20/15/12 to
21~22/19/16**

>21~22/19/16

X/20/17

Sealed Hydraulics Excavators,

Assumes Mixed HN46 fluid.

X/21/16**
Report Only

>X/21/16
Report Only

Not established

19~22/15/12 to
19~23/17/14

20~23/18/15 to
20~24/19/16

X/20/17

Sealed Hydrostatics. Assumes use of

engine oil. Mixed oils

X/21/16**
*Report Only

>X/21/16
*Report Only

Not established

Unsealed Hydraulics BHL, Skidders,

MG, 4WDL, US tracked or wheel feller
bunchers. Engine oil/Hy-Gard

20~21/16/13 to
21~22/18/15

22~23/19/16 to
23~24/20/17

X/21/18

Unsealed Hydraulics BHL, Skidders,

MG, 4WDL, US tracked and wheel feller

X/21/16**
*Report Only

>X/21/16
*Report Only

Not established

18~19/15/12 to
19~20/16/13

Not established

Not established

16~17/13/10 to
18~19/15/12

19~20/16/13 to
21~22/17/14

X/18/15

*Harvesters/Forwarders Series D
W/O by-pass filtration - With AW46.

17~18/15/12 to
18~19/17/14

19~20/18/15 to
20~21/19/16

X/20/17

Power Shift Transmissions

17~18/15/12 to
21~22/20/17

22~23/20/17 to
23~24/21/18

X/22/19

Axles and final drives (Non-Filtered)

22~23/19/16 to
23~24/20/17

24~25/21/18 to
25~26/22/19

X/23/20

Sealed Hydrostatics. Assumes use of

engine oil.

bunchers. Mixed Engine oil/Hy-Gard

*New Harvesters/Forwarders Series

E & Series D with by-pass filtration
up to 100 hours With AW46.
*Harvesters/Forwarders Series E &
Series D with by-pass filtration
over 100 hours With AW46.

** If silicon, aluminum, copper, iron, water and TAN are within normal values.
Please note that the values in pink boxes are only for reference. Criticality has not been established.
Note: Obtaining accurate ISO particle count readings in the 4 micron size is more challenging. In such cases where the normal
distribution of the codes does not match the table, the 6 and 14 size codes will indicate cleanliness levels.
If samples valves are not available on the equipment the use of the baggy method for sample collection is highly recommended.

9
Life Extension Tables For Closed Hydraulic Systems
Current Cleanliness

Target

Target

Target

Target

24/22/19

21/19/16

20/18/15

19/17/14

18/16/13

23/21/18

20/18/15

19/17/14

18/16/13

17/15/12

22/20/17

19/17/14

18/16/13

17/15/12

16/14/11

21/19/16
20/18/15

18/16/13
17/15/12

17/15/12
16/14/11

16/14/11
15/13/10

15/13/10
14/12/9

19/17/14

16/14/11
2X

15/13/10
3X

14/12/9
4X

14/12/8
5X

Life Extension Factor

Note: By choosing to run a system from current cleanliness (left column) to a cleaner level, life extensions are possible as
indicated in the bottom row. Keep in mind that water content and temperatures also play a role in achieving those goals.

Hydraulic Fluid and Oil Compatibility Chart

*Some zinc free fluids use TCP (Tri-Cresyl Phosphate) as anti wear additive and are not compatible with ZDDP (Zinc DialkylDithiophosphate) zinc-calcium based fluids.

10
Typical Fluids and Oils Signatures

560

<1

<1

48.4

17

245

44-47.9

23

336

17

46.1

2
11
0
68
1
0
34
0
0
0
0
0
67
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
4
WAITING FOR SIGNATURE
0
2
1
18
1
1
29
0
1
0
9
3
4
3
712
<1
3
1
4
0
1
28

0
0
0
3
0
0
0

653
317
338
106
396
319
456

7
413
489
0
369
0
5

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

1
0
0
0
0
0
1

0
0
0
0
<1
0

91
268
567
457
515
224

27
474
800
489
12
453

2
0
0
6
<1
0

1
0
0
11
1
0

32
0.09
65.55 10.59
32.7 6.65 0.59 2.35
44.1
50.5
0.62
50.4 8.69 0.09 0.13
31.3
6.1 0.14 0.14
43.7
8
45.8
0.36
30
0.44
45.7
1.16
49.4
1.67
47
45.7
0.65
-

Pour Point F

Visc @ 40 C

TBN

Boron

TAN

Molybdenum

Chevron Rykon 46
76 Lubricants Ecoterra HVI 46 Zinc
Esso Univis 32 - Forestry Canada
John Deere Hydrau-Gard 46 Europe
Liebherr HVI 46 - J Series
Neste 46 SE Bio Forestry Europe
Neste 46 - Europe

Visc @ 100 C

Zinc

Silicon

Phosphorus

VALPARARTICEXCAVATORZincFree

-42.5

Barium

VALPAREXCAVATORHYDRAULICZincFree

0.03

Calcium

Shell Tellus-S 46 (Zinc Free)

Shell Tellus-T 46

0.05 -42.5

Facotry fill Minis Japan - Daphne

HN46 (Zinc Free)

Talamar Extreme 32 Wint e r f a c t o ry f ill

0.03

Facotry fill USA 200-350 - HN46 (Zinc

Free)
Facotry fill Japan - Compact plus
160/450-850 - Kenki HP46 (Zinc Free)

DaphneSuperHydroA32(USA)ZincFree
Talamar Extreme 68 HTA

7.49

Sodium

Hydraulic Fluids

Physical Properties

Magnesium

Additives (ppm)

-42.5
-40
-35
-50
-30
-39

-45

Note: These average readings may vary with different brands/ batches of fluids. New data in appear in bold. * Are estimates

JD 1 0 W 3 0 Pl u s 4
Jo h n D e e re 1 0 W -3 0 B re a k-In
Jo h n D e e re To rq Ga rd 5 W -3 0
JD 1 0 W 3 0 Tq Ga rd 2 0 0 6 ..on
VALPAR 1 0 W -3 0
JD 1 5 W 4 0 Pl u s 5 0 Ov e r Th e
JD 1 5 W 4 0 Pl u s 5 0 B u l k 2 0 0 8 ..o n
JD 0 W 4 0 Sy n th e ti c
VALPAR 0 W -4 0

JD15W40TorqGardSprm.CJ4USA
JD15W40TorqGardSprm.CJ4Canada
VALPAR10W30CJ4
VALPAR15W40CJ4
VALPARMS15W40
Sh e l l R i m u l a Pri m i u m 1 5 W 4 0
Te x a co U rs a 1 5 W 4 0
L e a h y -W o l f 1 5 W 4 0 CJ-4
Ca s tro l Te cti o n H D 1 5 W -4 0

<1
8

<10
2060
522
1700
14
3492
0
4
267
2514
3
8
16
1770
0
284
3330
6
6
16
3073
0
0
3950
6
6
14
1710
0
?
1480
0
?
2360
5
5
961
415
1
9
925
391
2
8
35
1462
WAITING FOR SIGNATURE
WAITING FOR SIGNATURE
0
7
10
2023
156
3160

1276
1626

2
6

1170

1290

90

10.8
10.71
11.1
10.4

85.7
66.7
117
110
78.9
105.5
103.4

11.78
15.1
15.57
15.2
11.21
15.7
15
11.79
15.68
14.81

4
46

115
111.7

15
14

540

129.3 15.7

1.2
1.48
1.76
2.2

1.99
2.8
2.8
2.18
1.99
1.7

10
6.7
7.5
6.6
9.5
9.31
10.4
10.8
13.6
8.3
8.9
8.6
8.77
8.03
9.48

6.95
12

Pour Point F

1071
1436

60.7
71.5
75
67
67.4
79.3
116.7

TBN

0
0

165
120

TAN

0
1
115
126
160
0
51
51
3
1
1

<1
0

Visc @ 100 C

Molybdenum
80
0
65
0
2
86
107
110
0
90
90
59
47
2

JD To rq -Ga rd 5 W 3 0 CG-4

Visc @ 40 C

Zinc

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

1140
1260
1503
1213
1199
1590
1300
1560
1275
1280
1220
1409
1218
1142

Boron

Phosphorus

Phy s ica l Prope rtie s

1085
1050
1228
1246
1328
1420
1234
1420
1385
1110
1110
1110
1442
1350

Barium

Calcium

Magnesium

Silicon

Engine Oils

Sodium

Additiv e s (ppm )

-58

-34
-36
-51
-36
-30
-36

-29

Delv ac 15W 40
Ch e v ro n D EL O 4 0 0 L E CJ-4

390

1560

9.6

Note: These average readings may vary with different brands/ batches of fluids. New data in appear in bold. * Are estimates

11

Ch e v ro n 1 0 0 0 TH F Tra cto r Fl u i d
Es s o To rq u e Fl u i d 5 6 / H y d ro u l 5 0
Ch e v ro n /Te x a co TH F 1 0 0 0
Z F Eco fl u i d Pl u s A (2 5 0 D - 3 0 0 D )
Tra n s y n d (3 5 0 D - 4 0 0 D )
VALPARAllSeasonTractorFluid
VALPARTractorFluid
Va pa r TO4 - 3 0
CAT TO4 1 0 W

1193
196
331
1347
1511
948
1072

1321
7
0
1609
1418
1085
1225

1
0
0
0
0
0
0

2
120
153
100
81
0
26

9.4
7.14
9.9
7.36
8.87
9.5
9.5
9.3
58.4
7.3
7.41
9.27
9.08

1.8
1.8

8.7

2.3
1.9
1.7
1.8

6.3
10.6

1.8*
1.7
1.38
1.97 9.61
1.96 8.84
2.25 7.45

Pour Point F

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0

57
33.7
46
35.9
59.5
60.1
58.3
55
9.5
41
38.3
35
59.2
66.6
38

Visc @ 100 C

6
2
97
1
89
118
76
5

Visc @ 40 C

<1
<1
<1
0
0
0
0
0

Barium

Calcium

Magnesium

1640
1640
486
1202
1380
1666
1287
1339

TBN

Pe tro Ca n a d a D u ra n tra n TH F Sy n .

1290
1290
899
1378
1135
1320
1173
1169

<1
<1
<1

TAN

Sh e l D o n a x TD Tra cto r Fl u i d

Boron

M o b i l Fl u i d 4 2 4

Molybdenum

Va l p a r Al l Se a s o n Tra n

Zinc

Jo h n D e e re B i o H y -Ga rd

1
145
3570
0
145
3570
<1
<1
656
1
6
11
1455
10
22
2975
4
19
17
3493
9
13
3192
0
0
2
23
2900
WAITING FOR SIGNATURE
0
1
60
3500*
0
0
24
0
4
0
21
2
13
15
2240
2
10
14
2146
5
7
14
2011
1
544
334

Phy s ica l Prope rtie s

Phosphorus

Jo h n D e e re H y -GAR D
Jo h n D e e re L o w Vi s c H y -GAR D

Silicon

Tractor Fluids and ATF's

Sodium

Additiv e s (ppm )

-40
-51
-44
-54

-49
-42
-42
-44
-55

Note: These average readings may vary with different brands/ batches of fluids. New data in appear in bold. * Are estimates

0
0

131
300
<1
<5
1
7

136
147
151.5
346.6
127.7
132
117
126
140

Pour Point F

TBN

TAN

9
<1
0
<1
0
2
0
0

Visc @ 100 C

40
<50
5
<10
9
13
2
9

Visc @ 40 C

950
2445
1539
1000
313
1459
1215
1169

Boron

Molybdenum

0
<1
0
<1
0

Zinc

Magnesium

50
<50
<5
<10
14
28
2
12

Phy s ica l Prope rtie s

Phosphorus

Exxon Mobil 80W90

Shell Spirax 75W90
Shell Spirax 85W140
Chevron Delo Gear oil 80W-90

9
<1
<1
<1
1
0
4
0
4
0
1
0
FOR SIGNATURE

Barium

VALPAR80W90

3
<1
<1
<1
0
0

Calcium

John Deere 80W90

JDM J11F 75W80 LS (844JandADT'S)
JDM J11F 80W90LS (844JandADT'S)
John Deere 85W140

Silicon

Gear Oils

Sodium

Additiv e s (ppm )

14.32 0.4
8.5
15.5 3.5
3.2
26.98 0.4
13.28 0.75 0.77
2.34

14.2

Note: These average readings may vary with different brands/ batches of fluids. New data in appear in bold. * Are estimates

12
Engine Oils Classifications

API
(Gasoline

API

ACEA

Torq-Gard Supreme 15W-40 marketed in Europe is API CH-4 / ACEA E5, but not CJ-4.
Torq-Gard Supreme 10W-30 marketed in Canada is API CJ-4 / SM.

Coolant Guidelines Cool Gard I (No longer available)

Test
Freezing Point
% Antifreeze - Coolant
pH level
Reserve Alkalinity
Nitrite
Molibdates
Silicate
Corrosion Metals
Visual Assessment

Min

Max

-70 F

0F
Report only

7.0
1.0
300ppm

11.0
N/A
N/A
Report Only
Report Only

30
Clear or Sediment

(New) Coolant Guidelines Cool Gard II (Nitrite free)

Test
Freezing Point
% Antifreeze - Coolant
pH level
Reserve Alkalinity
Nitrite
Molibdates
Silicate
Corrosion Metals
Visual Assessment

Min

Max

-70 F

0F
Report only

7.0
1.0
10ppm

11.0
N/A
N/A
Report Only
Report Only

30
Clear or Sediment

5W-30

10W-30

10W-40

15W-40

Turf-Gard
5W-30

10W-30

10W-40

Plus 4
10W

30

5W-30

10W-30

15W-40

Torq-Gard Supreme
0W-40

15W-40

CJ-4
CI-4 PLUS
CI-4
CH-4
CG-4
CF-4
CF-2
CF
SM
SL
SJ
E7
E5
E4
E3
E2
JASO DH-1
Global DHD-1
John Deere JDQ78A

10W-30

Plus 50

Service
Classification

13
Fuel Guidelines
Test

Min

API Gravity
Water and Sediment
Sulfur (Low Sulfur)
Sulfur (High Sulfur)
Cetane Index, Calculated
Distillation
Bacteria
Cold Filter Plugging Point

Max
Report Only

N/A
0.05%
N/A
0.05%
N/A
0.50%
40.0
90% recovery, #2 DF 540-640 Max Temp
Any Positive Result is Critical
Report Only

TITANIUM

SILVER

NICKEL

LEAD

TIN

ALUMINUM

COPPER

CHROMIUM

IRON

Wear elements

Iron can be present as a fine particle produced by abrasion or wear, but also as iron oxides generally associated with
the presence of water or a corrosive reaction to additives. Iron generally comes from the liners in engines or from
hydraulic cylinders, gear pumps with cast iron bodies, piston pumps without sleeves, lines and reservoirs in
hydraulic systems, and from planetary carriers in final drives and differentials.
Chromium is a very hard metal wear particle produced by engine piston rings. Chromium readings indicate that
something harder than it is present, namely silica or alumina. New engines produce could produce chromium during
the break-in period, especially with break-in oils purposely lacking molybdenum. Chromium in hydraulic systems is
typically from valve spools or cylinder rods; harder abrasives also trigger chromium generation. Chromium also
comes from final drive and differential bearings.
Copper is a soft metal from bronze alloys that are present in engines, hydraulic pumps, differentials, final drives,
power shift transmissions, and in cooler cores. In engines, its presence of copper could indicate a cooler core or
water pump leak, but also from thrust washers in the camshaft, rocker arm or piston wrist bushings. When present
with Glycol (potassium and sodium) it could be coming from oil cooler. When it is associated with lead and/or tin,
but without glycol traces, it is an indication that it is coming from the bearings/bushings. New oil like CI-4 or CJ4s will promote high copper generation during passivation of the oil cooler. Constant changes of type of oil will
trigger copper generation from the cooler.
Some copper generation, ranging from 10 to 100 PPM or more, can sometimes be present in hydraulic systems.
Larger generation of copper is typically triggered by water, silica, high temperature operation and most importantly,
by additive incompatibility from fluid mixing or by etching.
Copper also comes from final drives equipped with park brakes and slip spin/diff lock differentials, or from thrust
washers.

14
Aluminum is a wear element that generally comes from pistons in engines. High aluminum associated with silica
is probably dirt. Aluminum in hydraulic systems generally is from dirt ingestion. Aluminum in final drives is
unequivocally from dirt.
Tin is a metal used in soft alloys of bronze in combination with lead. It is generally present in small amounts in
hydraulic pumps. However, when tin is present in engines, it is generally associated with lead and copper to indicate
high bearing wear. Tin could also be present in coolers solder that leach back to the coolant or oil.
Lead is a very soft metal used in alloys in combination with tin for engine bearings and bushings. Lead is present in
hydraulic pump alloys as well. Lead presence in engines in more that 10 PPM indicates some bearing wear. Low
TBN and /or high sulfation in engines correlate with high lead production. Glycol or fuel contamination can
produce high lead readings.
Nickel it is seldom present in oil analysis but when it shows up it is an indication of turbocharger cam plate wear or
valve guide wear. There is also some nickel in valve guides and valves themselves.
Silver is not typical in construction equipment oil analysis but when present in engines it could come from
accessory drive, turbocharger bearings or wrist pin bushings
Titanium is not a typical wear metal present in oil analysis from construction equipment. Some traces are possible
from some alloys. Titanium in the form of titanium oxides could be present as contamination from paint or from
operation in certain bauxite mines.

NITRATION

SULFATION

SOOT

WATER

GLYCOL

FUEL

SODIUM

POTASSIUM

ALUMINUM

SILICON

Contamination elements

Silicon is the principal component of dirt and it is present in its natural and oxidative form as silica. It is harder than
any metal used in mobile equipment and can scratch hard surfaces easily. In new engines, its presence could
indicate liquid silicon material used as sealant during assembly. It typically washes out after several oil changes.
Silica (the oxidative form of silicone) appears in nature associated with alumina in a typical of 4 to 1 and 6 to 1
ratios.
Silicon is also present in oils and fluids as a constituent of foam inhibitor additive Polydimethylsiloxane or
Polyacrylate. Expect to find between 1 to 4 PPM in new engine oils or some tractor fluids.
Aluminum is generally present in association with silica in a 1 to 5 ratio and enters together with dirt. It enters the
system in its oxidative form as alumina, and it is extremely hard. Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the
world.
Potassium is present in Glycol and it is not an additive for engine oils as such, although some small readings of
about 2 to 3 PPM could be present. When combined with sodium and sometimes with boron, it is a confirmation of
glycol contamination.

15
Sodium is also present in glycol but also in many salts, or seawater. Sodium in small amounts could be an additive,
however, if its presence is associated with potassium and/or boron it is a confirmation of glycol contamination.
Sodium in association with silica and alumina (dirt) is very typical.
Fuel could be present in diesel engine oils as a by-product of incomplete combustion or leaks. The allowable limit
is <2% of volume. Fuel is responsible for sulfation in engines oils. See sulfation below. Fuel in large quantities can
cause a drop in viscosity of engine oils.
Glycol is a coolant for engines and its presence in engine oils cause a rapid increase in oil viscosity. It also causes
disruption to oil film and bearing failure. Typically glycol contains potassium, sodium and boron. Some organic
acid coolants may not show increase numbers in sodium.
Water is the enemy number two of hydraulic fluid additives. It causes additive depletion, corrosion, and generates
copper and iron. Water is present as free water, emulsified or saturated. The Karl Fisher test provides total water
content.
Free and emulsified water is easy to remove with water absorbent filters. Saturated (Dissolved) water in fluids at a
level of more than 75% probably requires a change of fluid.
Soot is a term used to describe fine carbon particles suspended in engine oils. Soot is a by-product of incomplete
combustion of fuel. Over time soot sludge causes an increase in viscosity and carbon deposits that could clog
lubrication galleries in engines.
Sulfation describes the amount of sulfur in engine oil introduced by combustion blow-by in diesel engines.
Sulfation increases with hours and fuel contamination. Too much sulfation can deplete the alkaline reserve, create
corrosive acids and increase iron and lead readings.
Nitration is a phenomenon that occurs more frequently in engine oils. Nitration is a by-product of combustion. It
comes as nitrous oxides that cause oxidation and leads to the formation of varnish deposits and sludge, thus
increasing oil viscosity.

ZINC

SULFUR

PHOSPHORUS

SODIUM

MOLYBDENUM

MAGNESIUM

CALCIUM

BARIUM

BORON

Additive elements

Boron is an EP (extreme pressure) additive but it is also a constituent of coolants. A small amount of boron without
the presence of potassium is an indication of Boron as an additive.
Barium is an additive present in sulfonates. Sulfonates in turn are additives that act as detergents and corrosion
inhibitors.
Calcium is a detergent and it comes in sulfonates as well. It cleans carbon deposits from engines and acts as a
corrosion inhibitor and dispersant.

16
Magnesium is also part of a detergent additive as magnesium alkyl benzene sulfonate. It reacts with sludge and
varnish precursors to neutralize them and keep them soluble.
Molybdenum is present in an anti-wear additive as molybdenum disulfide, typical in engine oils.
Sodium is found in small amounts as part of some additives in dirt as salt.
Phosphorus is present in extreme pressure (EP) as well as anti-wear /anti-oxidant additives like ZZDP and TCP and
friction modifiers in engine oils, hydraulic fluids and gear oils.
Sulfur is present in extreme pressure additives in combination with phosphorus.
Zinc is part of ZDDP additive that acts as an anti-wear, anti-corrosive, anti-oxidant and detergent additive and in
some hydraulic systems from zinc-phosphate coating leaching.
Copyright 2005 Deere & Company.
THIS SOFTWARE OR DATA IS THE PROPERTY OF DEERE & COMPANY. ALL USE AND/OR REPRODUCTION NOT
SPECIFICALLY AUTHORIZED BY DEERE & COMPANY IS PROHIBITED. This product is for TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY. Do not
use this material in place of the current revision
of controlled documents such as technical manuals, operator's manuals or other work instructions. The information contained herein is
confidential and proprietary to Deere & Company and its affiliated entities. This information is being provided to authorized dealers or
customers to assist in the marketing, sales, operation or repair of John Deere, Timberjack or Hitachi branded products. No
unauthorized disclosures may be made without the written permission of Deere & Company or one of its affiliated entities.