Opders : Order i governs DE : ex OHH O—> harmonic Scilla pt By 7 gernno ony Complex ni orden dynanic funcbion Oh be neprerentid by n IS order voupled functions. darpir) : Te 127 be +a =0 7 v. inertiel Jp — dameplig fom Phase space. (paition vS. velo cily) : fank de Maso og in ene direction : atoph Hu (V,H) 25 H porte is nang in ny plane 4D (A, y, VW) 9 bepogation P- sj9nal > AE Sx (clecbic fell) be “V(t Nom- auto nomens Sydhems U(x) thoomed “Zoplict dynamic funct om Fixed pe! These = %e ik make the velouity frzero ane Knowh & the fixed pe ve He Dynan system.Stability of 4 9. YOu) =D He hore 5.4 pe H= HX wrmnd thich WCr) 15 4 decrsaciy fr. x 1S a devreaaing fn 5 x So that neighbounhord States Ofproock Xx, ik is knousn as foced et. Via) = -X428 har 3 fixed p62 0,1, -1 rd va) o b 0-1 | —0- 00% oh] -9192 og] — os 0-7 \]o Ie there is 4 fe 12 Aq wrod Iich VCM IS & |nOreoring fron 1S @ devreacing An 5 x So that neighbowrhord States leave Uv, ik is Knoesn 3 Unstdhle fr Toke a suite ok i ph: L= As aod fpr each Xs dar an anow bf logth ick is proviral do V(%s) ubonre Oh O71 NAN WA akisusith iB cle ab 1 = Us a avd pointing in the dinechom J invveai9 0% decrooy “L dapanding on Ye Sih & vO) x | Voy OF \ 0 —, ty | 09-23) V| 9-529 6 | A ndeVU) stale ak ped AG Fe to, Bode de K AG) e du. = @-d)x dk Suppe Box) = b NW) = ce ae = be —ox> This is Lagishe emp ae v4) Vl) = Ye) eV gi = Cee) ene” Vv! >0— unadeble v' <0 4 shaleSo vale =) unddcMe Prudonomors : No explicit time deponsdence Non- auto noms syt fem: V(wk) = atest bt) OR vOne) = av45y) de. -on = b(t) xt) = ol x (te) oe Lie eat] dao , te a han Headsnty to decay exponentially fosoands Ye erin: f. a)0, ifr has fendoncy Ip eyrading y bl =0 de = alt) x “a: xufese® ~+--- N Oxigin 15 fred bP be dyntonica Yy PlemBecome the dararnicad Suffern Giver is linear Gad homoJ enous in 19> if mle is 4 Solubon I Has dynamical sytem, Then Cruld)is odo A Soluchon Jp the tyslem- 2) Lee x, be Be wbubow Such Hee ok t= ts wiley= | Me seno othen ft 1 l) = |X EMM = 1x KK fen ca (Lc Sinanly ck ok t =th- Pr Bis Syiftm C6)= Ix (Ce) here value fk depesk evly on fagth Dy He time prom t, jot, - ae= kU Ayn) Kis Med propagator prom Hat te foes fxr this Unew’ dyna! a, Ree) 1 K (ke te) =! k st) Xk (Erte) = () Mulh plokve Kher, ¢9 +——+ K (tide) = ke kok iE) Be ‘ * Klar g We)Tiss rapony IP propipader is elmo vote! fo croly se compli ated nr aaah nena SyHher— Suypme alt) © fevidic vsith alt)=a(t+T) for al t- dnd) = alka) dyfest) 2 aC xG+T) > dultr7) = ale) )x(t+7) Sed ae Dp HCE) is a Ste J OCItinal yncrani cel Fy flam tte X(4-+7) is abo a pte. and x(k+nT) also Lot Kis He popagahy Larruporslicy fo O40 , thth: k(nT,0) = Klt,0) 170 is sfable ced pl: Kou mnstcalek — Ypone nee e cable , tay eet a yo hl n= (nT) = K to ___ something -ve) 1, = KXs =e = es fon) d x) = a(t) x (4) [KI<] {ane ~faltidk fd unsfesle tren |k]>! ip |kI<1, He ee So te fed pis a ste fixed pt IE] K] > 1, Ue. Ane, Sw fired pt moteK >\ ww WO SO Unotele HS tock a] Anat = (BE) ty CDE) Khe Ang = An(bX1-+))— Cx| er = tn (1 +b) —C 21% . Xm haat = % CI b) C Hn x Le nel = ne! Heiney ~ An (BTN) —C%m Xn let |+b = b’ Anes © ln blo lee C9 CX = 6'(chame Xm dike boeken! Aner = Dn Cl-%n) Lee b'= b (pene b) tk Una = %s I-#, 1>%n>0 i. rat Fit) = b plat ae idenadion He A, <0, fopbohion lecem ee -Vve- Se 70 FE 7), then ach iferate Jp ts hgistic rap -ill give —ve population adtonvatively So W4<]- The logishe map has wor. value at Un= i ene Max. Population is Yy, So wax: Allowed vale Sf b is 4 TE 74, Ans coil be greater thea 1. So gheancdt Werates csill be ve.1 bsh Tp bc, then further jdrabe (tty Yar) call fend 40 200 C4 Cae]: b= No = 0-1 (given) A = 03D Hy = 0435) ier fe i}eakes vse See Population leds jp 0-5. Cave 2: b=L o= 0-4 (given) jads hos itm if Yo= 0-8 Rerubt : Tt b=2 ,Gny Seed Value stat vill (ord bo Popiulsfiow —> 0-5 Oe Say thak thee Systems have one iad de dynamical altar sth value 0-5 provided b=2.Jake ony value dp b, we see that Population Herds do 1- Vy. Hh be! Ay = 0-5 Wee Ky Satunatts at fun values 0-164 ad 0-557 So Wwe sar thene ane fo abfvachrs. AV is He velocity fn. such tha VVCFix) =0 THEN Fi 1S fxd pe 7h. frxed pt. Fe tS bad fo be on ald abvacht Jp xD Ay rons col 948 Meon fpr oted by HCD if Lee HG) = Fx TheaL retry hae tan 1 alflache I @ dynanuiel System. fro ok upper limit Sov fat dyhanicol oye, Of the |igist caf map tas me abfvachr oly.Fd ok he Wyner limit Sf b 90 thak 2 odracteu. To find fxed pe: Ynei = bXn(/—4n) a = Anti hn = 0 Ant) = Mn bun (1a) = Xn An =O 07 Ap, = LY rel| (Dee ° bad A. =02 Moke umth b=3+) ber b=3) a-¥ >, tye oat. 2. Ss yoraed 2-bz Mragers: 2" Fidn Cad dime hen ‘sill beyjump ify period 2. The seysdlmm is sarll haareg pericclic mci Sick i2 tebe ond tawitds Bf ml} abtvactors gwen by 2° Depo dng ™h value § b, n charges. Find wig te value b you con geaorafe Amy Pd! WA's 2°. H value Pb food. mcrdaaed, Gnd bis Dy 2-6 thre iS ho poriodicily Keke ine Syston. » cnikied = 2°57 This sale S called iNWtgulor 0 Chaobc Stade - Ay further In raaced period rufond do Plvicdic Stedé . So porvshic> Uoske 3 puiedlic te. be » fil HE value cone if becomes pow adic agwn.Wan bis inrsored 394, the population sotties down fiirly quicbly do fered 3 mahon. Uf & invsone He value dp & further buk <4, Heh ogar contic state Fixed ph am be oteb ke A urrtable dup only stable fed. fh. at alfra hn - A=!-U Aner = Ky MnricAn 20 ae ne = Un FOS BO) +B |, Cm) 2X4 b(-2('=E) Hm) ¥ % 7, — O Fi- fk FQ) A a K= Bi, (hy mf eam at Wy) Conditio for stobe < [Fi'h,] l ew bKB foe hr}, fixed iad wwe. + TL corveyndig Prefeseher th this begishe of =f’ » Sebi lly 1s decided by /F5!/<| stable Subs htl Fe! and inplenert |. b7l ad <3. VA GENERATION MAP BY? = BE) Fi =E lhl (500) saan, is fixed pF. t | 9¢n then it is abo And pt En? generation (-’ Fy(r) = %) But it is ne neconary that fxd: pt AE hiphen gen cal) be fixed pb IP lower 9th Les = bXe (lM) ear = b hei (1%) . x) x 2b (ly) [l-b4-1)][vb bu] [bos parr) te I-p bP -2P t+ bt gens (20 = lth P=-b(Irb) t= IVs bur —bO+Y x + 14b=0 7-0) 2 eo Live) [43] Lb “ b73 Hence fixed ph. ort pad Shen b 73 b=3! AP = 0-164 6 P= 0 55% They cad fited it for alttacten : Stable Fie bx C9) [)-b40-#)] RG) [yo =... = | EGH" A Fold) = Foldy’ = Fe GQ) Al (+) =lF conW=09-697 ) FeO) = Fog” = jo—b)* =f] He b>, Fy(t) 21 Hence ” cart be altachr 4 Fe oly = Ed ). fi ‘CA()) "es 0) =? [ by coteatation | See oohes = Fy 0) 6 02) = ABO b Sw 4 bifurcation: Yrs Chawhe Make alee. Cadition fot EM 2d Bh “BO)- FLOP)= ppia IE 29) = Lb [' - Wy Lh 4 LO] —_ 0) Capat om governing tne An nooks : bey —b(\+ b)a+ V+ b) = 0 Ae QP = BCi+b) b* PP = 1b = = b> [ 1-204) + 4CHb) |) b be =( pra b-20> 44 4b) >\544¥ |<] 5--)*< | vrs SI -)>>4 D-)e 6 b-l>2 om b1<¢-2 — hs be fb < lee b?7 3m bK-| DO hegey So 3t, is stable (shge <1). FEW boot fived pt -ek x, Sp Hi iS atacfor - Hr Ord Hy Co Le gentrated Shen shpe> I. Hf te Age BP) >! , Ben Fyn her 2 adda Kova 4id- pA - ak ,. These fv new sthubion (4. %G) ar fixed ADs FP bok nak JF FO TS houdd hebag do a Cycle IF poved 2- Pra 90% value Hb ad unque nap, HA we Aspe dr FR? O) ak H, ad A, 1S <1, her the bso cycle System genurster is Stable cy de herb fore the value Ib here x, ecomes unsdchle Vane tp Shee FOO] og 1 a four pr Cyd bull be generated dual is Pacers csi Catinue -[Wocens called biborcabion proce]ee \ Yeoks frm b=] “This is coldest pitch fork bifuncak on. 20 b The system is neadhing do clastic Hage hy ptvicd dmbliy rate ao a {7 bsg thie r-04? Ie BBE = § = 4-669 2016091029909 this we. olied 5 Feign baum ne. Afr value Sb becomes 3-84, He system wsil/ be again Lemat ng fo prio 2 mapping. cubic + + bats ht - fi byc,d. Red value Sy b> 3-84. Lyapunov Exponent ( A) Iya dynanu cof system. iS oMowed fy wove fem Lightly diffewt inital fe x ad 1+ 6, threw AYA nitcLagiond then diveryen ce may be chLorachorised approrinatdy by E (n)x Ee Therepnre 4 poprinenbs oversge pate Je diveryen ce The ow/erspe Yandel be faker tn many jiJtiod umdisos Arid thos Goad he Spread over the Wave chy.HA iS 0, then ighty Separakh Woyecty'e voil/ convenge aud this Kir! P- evetoh m. 5 hon- chaotic A jis poate them dejtehyes avoge ad he evtAn. IS SOxitive 0 inspfal bition aA hence Sper is haope. Make a dict/on fr Logighe nop Pere yous ‘SA aa Xe aus bon f. st t ab Aner =F OG) f is general map ( legishic atc) we mre By dapririkiom diflertnr Wo the 2 yoy Oe EO tee Fa) Fig eA be > A=} gel Fiero) “Fbe ] =f eg PO) = BL bx POLon MINOR-2_ Cc DZD dirtrrion . Stars hone. fs FRACTAL OBJEC TS/ O/MENs7ons \——_}—_+—1 Ko ee bel HH] HH HH HE HH RH { Ly the is 4 seb as it is Vy Ceausned whe, heph — \— veoguifiakon, 1b duchoe is esescially indisting wishehe ASA pomthe unmag niffied ys? MRT vin This mol 5 invariance under Charge dp scale is called self similarity and is Comnan br baig, if nt all, fractal ech:2. Leaves & treo, Sand dunes , Sea. coast: Fach thes nst necenanily supriected by indegvad dimensions : Fradal dy mengjore Jacke vraiglt- Une divide info L porh : 1 N £ | |}___+} L YW H isthe jergn pte 1 G) Aine ther ra. dp pietas of Line 3 Lngih= 6 equal = N(Gl=b/e Take sqnane ard divide io 4 pond : > | 74 FEE N E (hgh) | y Yo ¢ V4N@) = ee) So in gerora/ N(E) = (Ye) , dis ne dimension 5} the object. d = lg NC) Ugh +9) Nee de z= le ap wt Fd de for SWadig he Une : de tne = Lk, Ly - o Tay Yor cxanfle ) divide grraght Line io 5 park and romovt the niodlle part : Couns. N N€ ie FoR l | dx br xy cc “oe bar bed 5 be eyo 1 J aon ee gate Fid de ince J Koch ove de lind “Eo Lg Nh 1 4/ dogN 6 meni J dine chert oly Vs poe is pewoved i$ Weer 4B Gatd by dnt I is Yom. aT wf 3 15 Yom. Minor- / QL. By THe = £O) Shon you wake wus. € die: Lee Xm? 7/3 Nel, Gz) FeO) = Ant = 3 Te Keel = 3 Hoa (t)*- “Tet, ick. Xp+i > - a - 7X» “Ann = 7%n (4-1) Q: Cowen 1 oulerr Syfter into | order : mae = 4 -5() -50)= y= 2H -y-¥ lia ~ To cawenk indo FF onder fake Y Coot (b) Corveat int Fy Cw) Apna aud identify values Of b ad F,09. Fad onk te fired TE i aud 24 geneation. and We Caditim JF b Shere period 2 cyclicShange attach | Lerwge ali ACoA Lthent is 1t applied ? hod is the. meaning JE stroupe ? FRACTALS : Make a Square - Reprove 4” fat. Cotinye . He | — Bz NE (leph payers? loo} 3 3 a dex bn Be Ang 3 +04) [haere 3y, ¢] — Henn map Aner = [4-Me +03 Yn Ynri = AnFront con pisbed maps one har by dyaus the pichuve- V) lout thane: dk bowes this pice 1S betting - 3) bias same picnre om diffrot sale tad o9nin- Come: tHe ne. By bes v5. the nto vey Se. Make a fold dy Wvs.G Le N € i171 We 433 Vig 1037 Yar fg20 g | de, § the nap coil) come 5763 "2% nt bo be 127. AZ Fig 11-7 ed I/e) de= Ue bgulel ca0 b9 (Ye) Seq Henm nop Mandel Sok ghrachenesLINGAR TRANEPRMATIONS OF THE PLANE ptA =ad-se #0 UShen § =] 2 anes is Phestwed im Hind frimadbion Chowifyication Op Aintar- Woes fn mrapione : Sction By Sek (A-AL) = 0 R-TAtS=0 Tis He Hace nahix A Teard Mt deT, AA 2d We dnsiys chee Per prirewing ar tpnmsdi ons : Ay Par by Taking S=/ vanvertion. Az [A= !]” A aboayS Lid om raat axis or unit Unde in Corplox plane Type! [TC] > 2 did et Hoel and distinc LT] <2 2 AyAr art plex Conjp atte: Aye driw = ei? pms x-iw ge? By cenlubion Charme sigv Ip as Hak Op c OF nabix A.[C22 Arar rela pal oA == 411 mined § yllabes Ditedor wysteoas —> dined ob: , Shbrbiy, Uliphe ft bypertalic ,Aaablic. Fp, Star, spiral fixed pt, Pella» lope co bp fsa fulrrorons / mm — aubnenous vydtem . Jp han — aetohameond — fitqpagadr.- Hamiltonian sycteras ( H) Logangh ar sy hers (5) LM edOL Systons Wit drsvrr he Gn BF dap haramic oocillatrr - Wrikt door it as 2 coupled |tador dk + 7 tt tat x =0 yrTytwneo 4 Y y = —Ty-w™ dx = RH-VGN Vv (i) we (4), y(t) te = = Val Hry, t) a ye YyOuyt)ngominres Ele wey ye FOYn n2liy) > reprawh phue pt. H > (4g) =( 4, Fl) Plone come: By, = arent = ECV Steg] Raprtak V5) bya sb df anos tose mognipde cs dinecho ove propotinw) qv the boca) velocity. |) Take 4 Guilebfe sek dy prin on the phase wurwe- Treogh each fe Hatre ph daw a shat axdots with ip Gabe ak pe-f Y) alelofe the magritde Oy the velochy. The Lagfh if the anno is peprhnel be mogrbde Sh velocity ond Aipsction. Diracion ‘ dy] 44 = danO ea — farph cle fly ude gravity OY[94 =f-9e LA = —9h4C LE 4 dee dy para col Sy Sefer : Wt vi (m4) w= u(t) Ver onumphon is that 1, rt fo A both fea, Ds vous Gubre ahnumed He m24 is ofp. we Oy me |Foder ston of %=b 1s fed: pe V4 Foden ¥p5fem, there Fi, = (4b) isa fixed pe Ty the combined orden Sy xem: eg- %-3n+SN=0 wonile io 2 eaupled Forder [ x,y] fd fed. wt- ey fed fe tym? iy = By -5x ws fed > y= wm We Sx o Fixed pt: (0,9) aid ee =O —y Ww harmonic oscillate ney > y=0 ce yt. VW Yyt0W yre - yr yeah q J elm) H=0,): Bred ph-ane (0,0) od (1,0). fraunphm : =A, grad bY = Yh dy =f Ax da g * (Yn) = Hy This sph bey (0,9) &% fired pt Th vay bt febfe ~ \nofeble : ; Ave, A,20 ynedable stole dS <2 fe asi = Cigy) =OG 9)I= Av 3 ter - poble AC ALSO Wale \\?>v?0 Unateabde. m2P 760 toe [i mis umb-obde |} M/A, —ve WA So: ats vale ~ -e Hoyprrbelic fad: pbfypemb atic fad ph. out always unedable hla frjon ot ye Ay falar Care : Aah pot oe A= @O gz Chere & aad wo ark heal Crofanb Fad: pt (0/2) dx = on de we Ae Nene 8 =wrt tO Fir pare Curve : Ln Xe =_L(0-A dng =hl0-4) “a (0-86) n= Mol Gu: «60,060 a aoe. spinel fad. ptGel: X60 ,w70 cae mel ee x8 Kv, WV, N=Me™ K=d, wd Biptcal fxd-pt K=0, W260 Gade SHM in elbiphic coseqory- Polen pd ae fy HK G=u 12h Uh Y= Sin@12% CoO — 7Osind =XN CO ~ wn sinO =XKL - Woy ¥ = ASO +7 Ocn9 2 ay +r = IG) A Transformation Matnix H GH pu trhy = Valtry) He yo y= Syn? Find wot fad. ph. Bf the 2 Sysdeos 7° x=, -6 Fad. ph V4 oder: (0,0) , 66,0) x =),% gray Vat) = ers) Bee], rome) “Re ew) ran VyOuy)PA uy = (0,0) HEY) y= mbueSy LOM by, y= cx 44g (¢ a) (2) 7 Mes Wy (i (0G) Prapeakin: 1) He 15 Linear Winsdoomabion , if ik is a sfrasght Tine & Cll be Wonafovmed jnbo Mroghs Line Squine necting le 1) him vot apply Nas fiksion, the a2 oy He figt May or poy nat be. longed:3) fe Whsfrmation URich OAL Cmottaned Shaul be such thet S= Neb A =ad-be thal t be O- h(a 4) 1) Seugpore the. Aakio dp the ans Y S21, ibs clef arsa preserving bony fotmction Tha, Linear Homitractions (om be awified ink diffesd- dyper daptediig on expensteduey ly Pr. Dek (A-AL) =O (64) 7°04) =? (a-d) (d-A)- bc =0 N-TAts=0 Qe batt DL maine = at d S=ad-4¢ AitAzb, AA 8 Ae hte [SPEI]P tabig Se) orang preoerving harsgrmack'on Type: seal be distinc ik INL > Type 1 = Conpex IXl eu dv zxrie = ee Type 3: rzal, eynel WedA, =A =tlaA-l 1) A com be Sinaified by meakig a Liner change 8 vol inn noplortnded by a nn— Biquler radnx M L) Tes Bouges the malvin A bo B= MAM? Loe A=)L Ma= AM MAM" = AMM mam = AL = 8 3) Becawsl the doftrminonk a Modu iS pocluct Of the defrmina , . Ciglrvel% B ont Ame oo tat FA one CY Hasfrnohon roprerrtad by B is Same ap vat Bur #28 - Far. 2aCh pe 2 om hove M depts om efomntuls dA a srck bis Ba Binge ofadand frw -herny Why ab A-(¢ i) HF akrby y= cutdy Sep bo Haws form : )Ouy> (xy) \ ze al ny = z Col re 4, A(AvA)ane de dge 1 * htal ad B= (4) (CY = GI X= de frayhe spb iS Woditimally Wwelysed by X,Y and it is SoHo uesdeble , prohdjc, hyperboic ox san - (2) x 020 Hey 1: Tos Coupler! [Foden vy choos : zy y= y+ xe Shep 2: Fixed ph : y=0 41> 0/1 ( 0,0) 1 (40) iy 3: Natale dy fyxed ph : ful owt rabix A 2s Yn o | k= De %)° (3. wy) Alo = (7 i) Hep: fid Ciftrvalue A [A -AL| =0 =D =) Ar-1 =0 -) | | -A A=! 4 =e + by fade ty table -Ri) = (4. 219 ersiele ey ? |AaH =0 A= ti He is hype 2 (0 9ee-valu Pole 9 Y cat. corglex) B=/X - (i a Ke Akg Y= Cod aly Je =a G0 LIVE G OL A+ jv alah Salle Jn aot « 20 (ar here), elbipfi joi de Ben tad: ph R= 6R B= (735 ) ade Aa Ke ayA - (a) 404 120 Ficsl fixed ph. aud padre - yl vemy ) > sep2: = 8) X20,/-1 Make the ove Teal oh.» (on, Co pes Sy eo Step 3+ Nodure If fxd. ph doh f= (2, We (C Daw Oa N=-| Nobu! Aiphicel fxd. phe yeh iS hasays Stabe. 0 Lu ( I >) ON=! Aztl Make the Gigue Oh Hy given phone uurwe MK, Y hy ot ke dmc phastege De this is tak csittsrt bong The drathack Je nokta iLy py OY pid rt pene crave Up ouuginet, buk Some insight Gm Be SCOr by porjnratio treo.Kez = (XY) (0 ASA SO — sel Me we on / fe porabslic unstable af - fe parsooli c Hyp (wt) ae Ne de Av >0 ums able Yon Aho?Sypre Her isa dyrdnucol tyrl ad We IUpek ib Cordinatee by 4 af fz momehyrr then (4,0) defines 2) te Menionian vy ste 5 | date i feeds is dyrarace/ syifem Lora: Ge t/m Heanihty wan prt) J rane > digrardy pradom | edo n-W) wl) FH =(4.)) = (Ef) F= OH t= (es) H( qurt)= & + VG) GQ Yalan ocily ) Vp =e 3 | H,—Oh flow v! oly Vp =v (sr 5 hax Uhrio~ wie HF dopis U4 edu AmeHos, ochrsl rhs, Cevicd,, bjlogica] by Has aol Comoics ehoy est An TEP OK as Him LPWROm by se ad Graly se Tn lected : Y> gentralised Comdial (Cage du) p> Caryngede besmrardure ( ned har) (GF iP) abled Crug variates need r 4= Pp ie 4-%y~? Fixed pt. > (0,0) Alabeat > A=tja —? Unstable hypirtelic. fad. p-Tha. phase Conve prting Hegh hyperbolic fxd. pt is called sepanalrix: He Roget 0 pi-ayr =o f= 229 44 La = VW) — 60 YP QL id OF Yora|forian Ip G verked peed obum - npShanma.@ ces. itd.ac. in Sabahussnin 44 @ yahoo. com