Curriculum Development &

Models
DED 0122: Curriculum & Teaching
Course Instructor
Said A.S.Yunus
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DED 0122: CURRICULUM &

TEACHING

Objectives
At the end of this lecture, student

should be able to:

1. Define curriculum development
2. Define the concept of model
3. Identify types of curriculum
development models

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What is curriculum development?

Curriculum development is the

organized preparation of whatever is

going to be taught in schools at a given
time in a given year.
They are made into official documents,
as guides for teachers, and made
obligatory by provincial and territorial
departments
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What is curriculum development?

Curriculum Development can be defined

as the systematic planning of what is

taught and learned in schools as reflected
in courses of study and school programs.
These curricula are embodied in official
documents (typically curriculum "guides"
for teachers) and made mandatory by
provincial and territorial departments of
education
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What is curriculum development?

Curriculum development is the process

of setting up and establishing specific

guidelines of instruction for the
curriculum.

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The Curriculum: models

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Curriculum models
Model:
Definition:
A simplified representation of reality
which is often depicted in
diagrammatic form

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Curriculum models
Model:
Purpose:
To provide a structure for examining
the elements that go to make up
curriculum planning, and how these
elements interrelate.
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Curriculum models
Model:
The literature in the area of
curriculum has accepted the use of
the term model to explain both
the nature and the process of
curriculum development.

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Curriculum models
Models are used to explain:
levels of curriculum

aspects of organization practice

aspects of classroom instruction

types of decision making

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Curriculum models
Are designed to provide a basis for decisions
regarding the selection, structuring and
sequencing of the educational experiences

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The curriculum process

The development of a curriculum

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involves the developer in decisions

about the nature and appropriateness
of the substantive (basic) elements,
e.g. the
Outcomes
Content
method
assessment strategies
These decisions are made in relation to
DED 0122:
&
the context
in CURRICULUM
which the
curriculum will
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TEACHING

Types of curriculum models

Rational/objectives

models

Cyclical

models
Dynamic/interaction models

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A continuum of curriculum
models
Rational/objectives models:
Ralph Tyler
Hilda Taba

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A continuum of curriculum
models
Cyclical models:
Wheeler
Nichols

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A continuum of curriculum
models
Dynamic/interaction models :
Walker
Skilbeck

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Ralph Tyler's Model/Rationale

Ralph Tyler considered four

considerations in curriculum
development:
1. purposes of the school
2. educational experiences related to the
purposes
3. organization of the experiences
4. evaluation of the experiences
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Hilda Taba's Linear Model

Hilda Taba believed that teachers who

teach or implement the curriculum should

participate in developing it.
Her advocacy was commonly called the
"grassroots approach" where teachers
could have a major input.
She presented seven major steps:

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Hilda Taba's Linear Model

1. Diagnosis of needs. The teacher

(curriculum designer) starts the process

by identifying the needs of the students
for whom the curriculum is to be planned
2. Formulation of learning objectives. After
the teacher has identified the needs that
require attention, he or she specifies
objectives to be accomplished.

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Hilda Taba's Linear Model

3. Selection of learning content. The objectives

selected or created suggest the subject matter

or content of the curriculum. Not only should
objectives and content match but also the
validity and significance of the content chosen
needs to be determined.
4. Organization of learning content. A teacher
can not just select content, but must organize
it in some type of sequence, taking into
consideration the maturity of the learners, their
academic achievement, and their interests.
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Hilda Taba's Linear Model

5. Selection of learning experiences. Content must

be presented to pupils and pupils must engage

the content. At this point, the teacher select
instructional methods that will involve students
with the content.
6. Organization of learning activities. Just as
content must be sequenced and organized, so
must the learning activities. Often the sequence
of the learning activities is determined by the
content. But the teacher needs to keep in mind
the particular students whom he or she will be
teaching.
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Hilda Taba's Linear Model

7. Evaluation and means of evaluation.

The curriculum planner must determine

just what objectives have been
accomplished. Evaluation procedures
need to be considered by the students
and teachers.

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Curriculum Development
Some curriculum

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experts like Tyler

1
say that the steps
are followed in a
sequence or a
2
straight line.
This model that
3
assumes that
curriculum decision
making follows a
4
straight line is called
linear model DED 0122: CURRICULUM &
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Selection of Aims

Selection of Content &

Learning Experiences

Organization of
content & Learning
Experiences
Evaluation of Learning
outcomes

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Curriculum Development
Other scholars argue that

curriculum decision
making is not a simple
linear process that
necessarily starts with
aims.
One of them is Wheeler
(1978) who believes that
curriculum decision
making can start from any
point and can come back
to any of the points e.g.
like a cycle
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Aims, Goals
& Objectives

Evaluation

Organisation &
Integration of
Learning
Experiences &
Content

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Selection of
Learning
Experiences

Selection of
Content

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Curriculum Development
Kerr (1968) also

believes that
curriculum process is a
very complex set of
activities and decisions
and they interact a lot.
Changes made in
content may
necessitate changes in
experiences, which
may again bring about
changes in evaluation
etc.
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Objective

Evaluation

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Content

Learning
Experience

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Evaluation
What was useful?
What was not so useful?
What needs to be Changed?

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THANK YOU FOR LISTENING

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