2002 - TCVN 7161 - 2002 - He Thong Chua Chay Bang Khi - Tinh Chat Vat Ly Va Thiet Ke He Thong - Part 1

TIU CHUN VIT NAM
TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000
H thng cha chy bng kh - Tnh cht vt l v thit k h thng

Phn 1: Yu cu chung
Gaseous fire-extinguishing systems Physical properties and system design
Part 1: General requirements
LI NI U
TCVN 7161-1:2002 hon ton tng ng vi ISO 14520-1:2000
TCVN 7161-1:2002 do Ban K thut Tiu chun TCVN/TC21 thit b phng chy cha chy
bin son, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng cht lng ngh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh ban hnh.
HNG DN
H thng cha chy theo tiu chun ny c thit k nhm to ra mi trng cha chy th
kh dp tt m chy. Mt s phng php cung cp cht cha chy khc nhau v phun cht cha
chy vo im yu cu dp tt m chy c trin khai trong nhng nm gn y, nn cn phi
ph bin thng tin v cc h thng v phng php cha chy ny. Tiu chun ny c son tho
nhm p ng yu cu trn.
c bit, tiu chun cn quy nh cc yu cu mi v phng trnh thi ra cc cht cha chy
trong quy trnh th v phng php thc hin. Cc yu cu ny bao gm trong th nghim tnh
nguyn vn. Cc yu cu ca tiu chun c bin son trn c s cc d liu k thut tt nht m
nhm cng tc c ti thi im son tho, nhng v phm vi tiu chun qu rng nn khng th xem
xt ht c cc yu t hoc trng hp c th nh hng ti vic thc hin cc yu cu trn.
Trong qu trnh son tho tiu chun ny, vic xy dng cc iu khon ca tiu chun c
giao cho nhng ngi trnh v kinh nghim v c tnh k thut, thit k, lp t, th nghim
ph duyt, kim tra, vn hnh v bo dng cc h thng cha chy bng kh v cc thit b, v h c
th thc hin c cc nhim v l trnh phi phun cht cha chy mt cch khng cn thit.
Cn ch n Ngh nh th Montreal v cc cht lm suy gim tng zn.
iu quan trng l ivc phng chy cho mt ta nh hoc nh my, xng my cn c xem
nh mt cng vic tng th. H thng cha chy bng kh ch l mt b phn, mc d l mt b phn
quan trng ca cc phng tin hin c, nhng cng khng nn loi b cc bin php khc nh trang
b cc thit b cha chy xch tay hoc cc thit b cha chy di ng khc s dng cho s tr gip
ban u hoc s dng trong trng hp khn cp hoc gii quyt s c c bit.
T nhiu nm nay, cc cht cha chy th kh c cng nhn l mt loi cht cha chy
dp tt c hiu qu i vi cc m chy cht lng d chy v cc m chy do in v cc s c chy
thng thng thuc m chy loi A, nhng cng khng nn qun rng, khi vch ra phng n phng
chy ton din c th c cc m chy khng thch hp vi loi cht cha chy bng kh hoc trong
mt s trng hp hoc tnh hung c th c nguy him khi s dng loi cht cha chy ny v cn
c s phng c bit.
Nh sn xut cht cha chy hoc h thng cha chy c th a ra li khuyn v cc vn
trn. Cng c th nhn c thng tin t c quan phng chy, cha chy, c quan an ton v bo v
sc khe v cc cng ty bo him. Ngoi ra, khi cn thit c th tm ti liu tham kho trong cc tiu
chun Nh nc v cc quy nh php lut khc.
Thit b cha chy cn c bo tr cn thn m bo sn sng mi lc khi cn. S bo
dng hng ngy ca ch nhn h thng cha chy bng kh l xem xt hoc chm sc cc thit b.
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TIU CHUN VIT NAM
TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000
Tuy nhin, khng cn thit phi nhn mnh qu mc tm quan trng ca vic bo dng h thng
cha chy bng kh.
1. PHM VI P DNG
Tiu chun ny quy nh cc yu cu v a ra cc kin ngh v thit k, lp t, th nghim, bo
dng v an ton ca cc h thng cha chy bng kh trong cc ta nh, nh my hoc cc cng
trnh kin trc khc v cc c tnh ca cc cht cha chy v cc loi m chy khc nhau, thch
hp vi cc cht cha chy ny.
Tiu chun ny p dng cho cc h thng cha chy theo th tch ng dng cho cc ta nh, nh
my v cc ng dng c bit khc, cht kh cha chy khng dn in, khng li cn sau khi
phun v c s liu thng dng c th nh gi c c tnh k thut ca n do mt c
quan c lp thch hp tin hnh. Tiu chun ny khng p dng cho h thng phng n.
Tiu chun ny khng a ra cng nhn hoc ph duyt cc cht cha chy c lit k bi
c quan c thm quyn, bi v cn c cc cht cha chy khc cng c th c ph duyt. Tiu
chun ny khng quy nh cho CO2 v c cp trong cc tiu chun khc.
Tiu chun ny p dng cho cc cha chy c lit k trong Bng 1. Tiu chun c s dng
cng vi cc phn ca TCVN 7161:2002 (ISO 14520) cho cc cht cha chy ring nh lit k
trong Bng 1.
Bng 1: Cc cht cha chy
Tn thng
S hiu tiu chun
Cht cha chy
Tn ha hc
Cng thc
mi
ISO 14520-2
Triodit
Trifloiodua metan
CF3I
CF3I
FC-2-1-8
Peflopropan
CF3CF2CF3
CEA 308
ISO 14520-3
FC-3-1-10
Peflobutan
C4H10
CEA 410
ISO 14520-4
NAFS-III
ISO 14520-6
HCFC Blend A
HCFC 123
Diclotriflometan
CHC12CF3
HCFC 22
Clodiflometan
CHClF2
HCFC 124
CHClFCF3
C10H16
HCFC 124
Clotetrafloetan
Isopropenyl 1
metylxyclo hexen
Clotetrafloetan
CHClFCF3
FE 241
ISO 14520-7
HCFC 125
Pentafloetan
CHF2CF3
FE 25
ISO 14520-8
HFC 227 ea
Heptaflo propan
CF3CHFCF3
FM 200
TCVN 7161-9:2002
(ISO 14520-9)
HFC 23
Triflometan
CHF3
FE 13
ISO 14520-10
HFC 236fa
Hexaflopropan
CF3CH2CF3
FE 36
ISO 14520-11
IG 01
Argon
Ar
Acgotec
ISO 14520-12
IG 100
Nito
N2
Nito (50%)
Argon (50%)
Nito (52%)
Argon (40%)
Cacbon dioxit (8%)
N2
Ar
N2
Ar
CO2
IG 55
IG 541
TCVN 7161-13:2002
(ISO 14520-13)
Acgonit
ISO 14520-14
Inergen
ISO 14520-15
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TIU CHUN VIT NAM
TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000
2. TIU CHUN TRCH DN

TCVN 4878:89 (ISO 3941) Phn loi chy
ISO 14520-2 Gaseous fire-extinguishing systems Physical properties and system design
Part 2: CF3I extinguishant. (ISO 14520-2: H thng cha chy bng kh tnh cht vt l v thit
k h thng Phn 2: Cht cha chy CF3I)
Part 3: FC-2-1-8 extinguishant. (ISO 14520-3: H thng cha chy bng kh tnh cht vt l v
thit k h thng Phn 2: Cht cha chy FC-2-1-8)
Part 4: FC-3-1-10 extinguishant. (ISO 14520-4: H thng cha chy bng kh tnh cht vt l v
thit k h thng Phn 4: Cht cha chy FC-3-1-10)
Part 6: HFC Blend A extinguishant. (ISO 14520-6: H thng cha chy bng kh tnh cht vt
l v thit k h thng Phn 6: Cht cha chy HFC Blend A)
Part 7: HFC 124 extinguishant. (ISO 14520-7: H thng cha chy bng kh tnh cht vt l v
thit k h thng Phn 7: Cht cha chy HFC 124)
TCVN 7161-9:2002 (ISO 14520-9) H thng cha chy bng kh Tnh cht vt l v thit k h
thng Phn 9: Cht cha chy HFC 227ea.
Part 11: HFC 125 extinguishant. (ISO 14520-11: H thng cha chy bng kh tnh cht vt l
v thit k h thng Phn 11: Cht cha chy HFC 236fa)
Part 12: IG 01 extinguishant. (ISO 14520-12: H thng cha chy bng kh tnh cht vt l v
thit k h thng Phn 12: Cht cha chy IG 01)
TCVN 7161-13:2002 (ISO 14520-13) H thng cha chy bng kh Tnh cht vt l v thit k
h thng Phn 13: Cht cha chy IG 100.
Part 14: IG 55 extinguishant. (ISO 14520-14: H thng cha chy bng kh tnh cht vt l v
thit k h thng Phn 14: Cht cha chy IG 55)
Part 15: IG 541 extinguishant. (ISO 14520-15: H thng cha chy bng kh tnh cht vt l
v thit k h thng Phn 15: Cht cha chy IG 541)
IEC 60364-7 Electrical installation of buildings Part 7: Requirements for special installations or
locations. (IEC-60364-7: Lp t in cc ta nh Phn 7: Yu cu i vi vic lp t hoc
b tr c bit)
3. THUT NG V NH NGHA
Tiu chun ny s dng cc thut ng v nh ngha sau:
3.1. c ph duyt (Approved): c c quan c thm quyn chp nhn (xem 3.2).
Ch thch: Khi xc nh kh nng chp nhn s lp t hoc phng php, thit b hoc vt
liu, c quan c thm quyn c th da vo s chp nhn ph hp vi cc tiu chun thch
hp.
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TIU CHUN VIT NAM
TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000
3.2. C quan c thm quyn (Authority): T chc, c quan hoc c nhn chu trch nhim ph
duyt thit b, s lp t hoc phng php.
3.3. Cng tc t ng/bng tay (Automatic/Manual Switch): Phng tin chuyn i h thng t
khi ng t ng sang khi ng bng tay.
Ch thch: Cng tc ny c th c mt cng tc iu khin bng tay trn bng iu khin
hoc cc thit b khc hoc l kha lin ng ca ra vo ca c nhn. Trong mt s trng
hp, c cu ny lm thay i cch khi ng ca h thng t khi ng t ng v bng tay
sang ch khi ng bng tay hoc ngc li.
3.4. Cht cha chy (Extinghuishant): Cht kh cha chy khng dn in, khng li cn khi
bay hi (xem Bng 1).
3.5. Khong h (Clearance): Khong khng kh gia thit b, bao gm c ng ng v cc vi
phun, v cc b phn c dng in chy qua khng c bc cch in hoc che kn v trsi
khng trn mt t.
3.6. Nng (Concentration)
3.6.1. Nng thit k (Design Concentration): Nng ca cht cha chy, bao gm c h
s an ton dng thit k h thng.
3.6.2. Nng ln nht (Maximum Concentration): Nng t c t lng cht cha
chy cn dp tt m chy do nhin liu ring trong iu kin thc nghim xc nh,
bao gm c h s an ton no .
3.7. H thng thit k (Engineered System): H thng trong ngun cung cp cht cha chy
c bo qun tp trung c phun qua mt h thng ng ng v vi phun m kch thc
ca mi on ng v l vi phun c tnh ton ph hp vi cc phn tng ng ca
TCVN 7161:2002 (ISO 14520).
Ch thch: Lu lng thit k ca cc vi phun c th thay i theo cc yu cu thit k
c tnh n s c.
3.8. T trng np (Fill Density): Khi lng ca cht cha chy trn mt n v th tch bnh
cha.
3.9. Lng cht cha chy (Flooding Quantity): Khi lng th tch cht cha chy cn thit
t c nng thit k trong khi tch c bo v vi thi gian phun quy nh.
3.10. Th tch cha chy (Gross Volume): Th tch c bao bc bi cc cu kin ca cng trnh
xung quanh khu vc c bo v tr i th tch ca cc cu kin khng thm thu ca cng
trnh bn trong khu vc ny.
3.11. Thi gian duy tr (Hold Time): Khong thi gian trong nng ca cht cha chy c
duy tr ln hn nng dp tt m chy bao quanh vng nguy him.
3.12. Kim tra (Inspection): Kim tra bng mt thng m bo chc chn h thng cha chy
c np y v hot ng c.
Ch thch: Vic kim tra c thc hin bng cch nhn thy h thng v tr sn sng
lm vic, h thng cha a vo hot ng hoc cha b lm xo trn, khng c h hng r
rt v vt l v tnh trng ngn cn hot ng ca h thng.
3.13. Kh ha lng (Liquefied Gas): Kh hoc hn hp kh (thng l halocacbon) th lng di
p sut ca bnh cha v nhit phng (20C).
3.14. C cu kha (Lock-off Device): Van kha iu khin bng tay c lp trn ng ng dn
ca bnh cha cht cha chy; hoc mt loi c cu khc thc hin vic kha bng c kh
phng hot ng ca bnh cha cht cha chy.
Ch thch:
1. Trng thi ca c cu phi c hin th d nhn bit;
2. Tc dng ngn nga s phun cht cha chy vo khu vc nguy him c thc hin khi
c cu hot ng.
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TIU CHUN VIT NAM
TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000
3.15. Mc tc ng c hi thp nht quan trc c (Lowest Observered Adverse Effect Level
LOAEL): Nng thp nht ti quan trc c tc ng c hi ti sinh l hoc tc ng
c hi.
3.16. Bo dng (Maintanance): Kim tra xem xt cn thn bo m ti mc ti a s hot
ng nh d nh ca h thng cha chy.
Ch thch: Bo dng bao gm s xem xt cn thn, ton din v sa cha hoc thay th cc
chi tit ca h thng.
3.17. p sut lm vic ln nht (Maximum Working Pressure): p sut cn bng trong bnh cha
nhit lm vic ln nht.
Ch thch:
1. i vi cc kh ha lng, p sut ny c xc nh ng vi t l np ln nht v c th
bao gm c s nn tng p cao.
2. p sut cn bng i vi bnh cha vn chuyn dc ng c th khc p sut cn bng
ca bnh cha c bo qun trong cng trnh.
3.18. H thng m un (Modular System): H thng bao gm cc bnh cha c phn phi
bo qun, thng l loi h thng thit k s b, trong mi n v c thit k bo v
ring mt th tch cho trong gii hn cho php ca th tch ny l tng cc th tch s bao
trm ton b vng c nguy c b chy.
3.19. Mc tc hi khng quan trc c (No Observered Adverse Effect Level NOAEL): Nng
cao nht ti khng quan trc c nh hng ca cht c hi hoc nh hng c hi
ti sinh l.
3.20. Kh khng ha lng (Non-liquefied Gas): Kh hoc hn hp kh (thng l kh tr) m p
sut lm vic v trong iu kin nhit cho php lun lun tn ti trng thi kh.
3.21. Vng thng khng c ngi (Normally Unoccupied Area): Vng thng khng c ngi
nhng thnh thong c ngi i vo trong thi gian ngn.
3.22. H thng thit k s b (Pre-engineered Systems): H thng gm c mt ngun cung cp
cht cha chy c dung lng quy nh ghp ni vi ng ng thit b vi phun cn bng
t ti mc thit k ln nht cho php.
Ch thch: Khng cho php c sai lch ca cc gii hn do nh sn xut hoc c quan c
thm quyn quy nh.
3.23. Van chn (Selector Valve): Van c lp sau ng phun ca bnh cht cha chy hng
cht cha chy ti th tch vng nguy him chy.
Ch thch: Van chn c dng sau khi b tr mt hoc nhiu bnh cha cht cha chy
phun c chn lc cht cha chy ti mt th tch no trong mt s th tch ring bit vng
nguy him chy.
3.24. S nn to p (Superpressurization): S tng thp kh cho bnh cha cht cha chy, khi cn
thit t c p sut quy nh cho hot ng ca h thng.
3.25. H thng phun cht cha chy tng (Total Flooding System): H thng c lp phun
cht cha chy vo mt khng gian xung quanh c bt kn t c nng thit k
thch hp.
3.26. Vng khng c ngi (Unoccupied Area): Vng khng c do hn ch v kch thc
hoc cc hn ch khc i vi c th con ngi.
V d: Cc phng qu nh hp, khong trng qu nh hp.
4. CCH S DNG V CC GII HN
4.1. Quy nh chung
Thit k, lp t, s dng v bo dng cc h thng cha chy bng kh phi do nhng
ngi nng lc v chuyn mn i vi h thng cha chy thc hin.
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TIU CHUN VIT NAM
TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000
Cc nguy c (s c) v chy c bo v bng cc h thng cha chy ny v cc hn ch

trong s dng h thng phi c gii thiu trong hot ng ca nh cung cp h thng cha
chy.
Cc h thng cha chy theo kiu th tch ch yu c dng bo v chng cc nguy c
v chy trong cc vng c bao bc kn hoc thit b c bao bc kn c th cha c
cht cha chy. Sau y l cc nguy c v chy in hnh, nhng bn lit k ny cha y
:
a. in v in t;
b. Phng tin lin lc vin thng;
c. Cc cht lng v cht kh khc;
d. Cc ti sn c gi tr cao khc;
4.2. Cht cha chy
Cc cht cha chy c quy nh trong tiu chun ny l cc cht khng dn in.
Cc cht cha chy v cc thng s ca h thng chuyn dng c quy nh trong cc phn
ca TCVN 7161:2002 (ISO 14520) cho cc cht cha chy ring. Cc phn ca TCVN
7161:2002 (ISO 14520) phi c dng kt hp vi tiu chun ny.
Cc cht cha chy c cp trong TCVN 7161:2002 (ISO 14520) khng c php s
dng cho cc m chy sinh ra cc cht sau, tr khi c th nghim thch hp tha mn
cc yu cu ca c quan c thm quyn.
a. Cc ha cht t cha ngun cung cp oxy, nh xenlulo nitrat;
b. Cc hn hp c cha cc cht oxy ha, nh natri clorat hoc natri nitrat;
c. Cc ha cht c kh nng t phn hy nhit, nh mt s perxit hu c;
d. Cc kim loi hot ng (nh natri, kali, magie, titan v ziriconi), cc hydrua hot ng
khc, amit kim loi, mt s kim loi trong cc kim loi ny c th phn ng rt mnh vi
mt s cht cha chy th kh.
e. Mi trng xung quanh m cc b mt ng k ca n c nhit ln hn nhit ph
hy ca cht cha chy, v c t nng bng phng tin khc vi m chy.
4.3. S phng tnh in
Phi ch khi phun cht cha chy vo mi trng c kh nng gy n. C th xy ra s np
tnh in ca cc vt dn in cha c ni t trong qu trnh phun cht cha chy. Cc
vt dn in ny c th phng ti cc vt khc mt nng lng ln gy ra v n. Khi
h thng c dng vi ng ng dn kh tr th phi ni t y .
4.4. Tnh tng thch vi cc cht cha chy khc
Ch c php trn ln cc cht cha chy trong cng mt bnh cha khi h thng c cng
nhn s dng c vi hn hp ny. Khng c php cho cc h thng cha chy phun
ng thi cc cht cha chy khc nhau bo v cng mt khng gian c bao kn.
4.5. Gii hn nhit
Tt c cc thit b phi c thit k cho s dng, chng phi sn sng hot ng hoc hot
ng bt c lc no. Cc thit b thng c thit k hot ng tt trong khong nhit
t -20C n +50C, hoc c ghi nhn ch cc gii hn nhit hoc phi c ghi
nhn ph hp vi cc c tnh k thut ca nh sn xut trn nhn, hoc (khi khng c bin
nhn) phi theo hng dn trong ti liu hng dn ca nh sn xut.
5. YU CU V AN TON
5.1. Nguy him cho con ngi
Mi nguy him cho con ngi do s phun cc cht cha chy th kh to ra phi c xem
xt trong thit k h thng cha chy, c bit l cc mi nguy him i vi cc cht cha
chy c bit trong cc phn b sung ca TCVN 7161:2002 (ISO 14520). Khi khng cn
thit trnh tip xc vi tt c cc cht kh cha chy.
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TIU CHUN VIT NAM
TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000
Vic p dng TCVN 7161:2002 (ISO 14520) khng loi b trch nhim v php l ca
ngi s dng l tun th cc quy tc an ton thch hp.
Cc sn phm phn hy c to ra bi s ph hy cht cha chy sch khi c mt ca nhit
lng rt ln c th l nguy him. Tt c cc cht halo cacbon hin nay u cha flo. Vi s
c mt ca hydro (t hi nc hoc bn thn qu trnh chy) sn phm phn hy chnh l
hydro florua (HF).
Cc sn phm phn hy ny c mi rt hc, cay mc d nng khng ng k, ch l mt
vi phn triu. c tnh ny l du hiu cnh bo i vi cht cha chy, nhng cng l mi
trng c hi cho ngi phi i vo vng nguy him sau khi cha chy.
Lng cht cha chy sch b phn hy trong khi dp tt m chy ph thuc vo s m
rng kch thc m chy, cht cha chy sch c bit, nng ca cht cha chy v
khong thi gian m cht cha chy tip xc vi ngn la hoc b mt c nung nng. Nu
nng tng rt nhanh ti gi tr ti hn th m chy s c dp tt nhanh v s phn hy
s c hn ch mc nh nht c th i vi cht cha chy ny. Nu thnh phn ca cht
cha chy c th to ra s lng ln cc sn phm phn hy v thi gian t ti gi tr ti
hn di th s lng cc sn phm phn hy s rt ln. Nng thc t ca cc sn phm
phn hy lc ny ph thuc vo th tch ca cn phng trong c m chy ang chy,
mc ha trn v s thng gi.
S tip xc ca cht cha chy trong thi gian di vi nhit cao c th to ra cc nng
ln hn ca cc kh ny. Nn chn kiu v nhy ca dng c pht hin kt hp vi tc
x sao cho c th gim ti mc nh nht thi gian tip xc ca cht cha chy sch vi nhit
cao nu nng ca cc sn phm b ph hy l nh nht.
Cc cht cha chy khng kha lng khng phn hy mt cch ng k trong dp tt mt
m chy. Nh vy, khng tm thy cc sn phm phn hy c hi hoc n mn. Tuy nhin,
cc sn phm b ph hy ca bn thn m chy c th ln v c th lm khu vc m chy
khng bo v c nhng ngi c mt.
5.2. Cc phng nga v an ton
5.2.1. i vi cc vng c ngi
Cc phng nga ti thiu v mt an ton ph hp vi Bng 2.
Bng 2: Cc phng nga ti thiu v an ton
C cu lm tr
Cng tc
C cu kha
Nng ln nht
thi gian
t ng /tay
Khng yu cu
x
Khng yu cu
Ti v bao gm NOAEL
Khng yu cu
x
x
Trn NOAEL v ti LOAEL
x
x
x
LOAEL v ln hn
Ch thch: Mc ch ca bng ny l trnh s tip xc khng cn thit ca con ngi
vi cht cha chy c phun ra. Cc yu t nh thi gian tip xc v ri ro cho ngi
bi m chy nn c xem xt khi xc nh s tr thi gian phun ca h thng. Theo
yu cu ca cc tiu chun nh nc, c th c cc phng nga khc.
5.2.2. i vi vng thng v khng c ngi
Nng ln nht khng c vt qu LOAEL i vi cht cha chy c s dng
tr khi c lp t mt van kha.
Cc h thng trong mc tc hi khng quan st c NOAEL b vt qu nn c
t ch khng t ng, trong khi cn phng c ngi.
Cnh bo: Bt k s thay i no v th tch khu vc c bo v, hoc s b sung thm
hoc loi b cc thnh phn khng c trong thit k ban u s nh hng ti nng
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TIU CHUN VIT NAM
TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000
ca cht cha chy. Trong nhng trng hp ny, h thng phi c tnh ton li
bo m t c nng thit k yu cu v nng ln nht ph hp vi Bng 2.
5.2.3. i vi vng khng c ngi
Nng ln nht c th vt qu LOAEL i vi cht cha chy c dng m khng
cn phi lp mt van kha.
5.3. Vng c ngi
Trong cc vng c bo v bng cc h thng phun cht cha chy ton b v c th c
ngi phi c trang b nh sau:
a. C cu lm tr thi gian
1) i vi cc ng dng trong s lm tr i vi qu trnh phun khng lm tng ln
ng k mi him ha chy cho ngi hoc ti sn th cc h thng cha chy phi
c trang b tn hiu bo ng trc khi x vi tr thi gian cho php s tn
ngi;
2) C cu lm tr thi gian ch c s dng s tn ngi hoc chun b to vng
nguy him chy cho vic phun;
b. Cng tc t ng / tay v c cu kha nu cn theo 5.2;
Ch thch: Cc c cu kha thng khng c nhu cu, chng c s dng ch yu
trong mt s trng hp, c bit l cho mt s chc nng bo dng ring.
c. ng thot him, phi c gi sch s trong mi lc, n chiu sng khn cp v ch
dn thot nn cn y gim ti mc nh nht qung ng phi i;
d. Ca ra vo t ng ng m ra pha ngoi, c th m c t bn trong ngay c khi
c kha t bn ngoi;
e. Cc tn hiu bo ng lin tc bng nh sng v m thanh ti cc ca vo v ra c ch
nh bn trong vng c bo v v cc tn hiu bo ng lin tc bng nh sng bn
ngoi vng bo v, phi hot ng cho ti khi vng bo v an ton.
f. Cc tn hiu cnh bo v hng dn thch hp;
g. Khi c yu cu, cc tn hiu bo ng trc khi phun c c im ring so vi tt c cc
tn hiu bo ng khc s hot ng tc thi t lc bt u ca s tr thi gian pht
hin m chy;
h. Cc phng tin thng gi t nhin hoc cng bc cc vng ny sau khi phun cht
cha chy. S thng gi cng bc thng rt cn thit. Phi ch lm khuch tn hon
ton cc kh nguy him v khng chng ly lan sang cc v tr khc v phn ln cc
cht cha chy u nng hn khng kh;
i. Cc hng dn v cc bi tp luyn cho tt c nhng ngi trong hoc ln cn cc
vng c bo v, bao gm c vic duy tr hoc t chc nhn lc a vo vng bo
v m bo nhng ngi ny hnh ng ng khi h thng cha chy hot ng.
Ngoi cc yu cu trn cn p ng cc vn sau:
- Nn cung cp thit b h hp v cc nhn vin c o to v s dng thit b ny.
- Cc nhn vin khng i vo trong khu vc c bo v cho ti khi c kim tra
l h c iu kin m bo an ton lm nhim v.
5.4. Cc nguy him v in
Khi c mt cc vt dn in, cc khong h gia cc vt dn in v tt c cc chi tit ca h
thng c tip xc trong qu trnh bo dng, khng c nh hn cc gi tr c cho trong
Bng 3. Khi khng t c cc khong h ny phi c li cnh bo v h thng m bo an
ton cho cng vic bo dng.
H thng phi c b tr sao cho c th thc hin c tt c cc hot ng bnh thng vi
vic m bo an ton cho ngi vn hnh.
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5.5. Ni t
Cc h thng bn trong trm in hoc bung iu khin phi c u ni c hiu qu v
c ni t phng kim loi b r in.
5.6. S phng tnh in
H thng phi c u ni thch hp v c ni t gim ti mc nh nht s c phng
tnh in.
6. THIT K H THNG
6.1. Quy nh chung
iu ny a ra cc yu cu i vi thit k h thng cha chy.
Tt c cc h thng v chi tit ph tr phi tun theo cc tiu chun Vit Nam tng ng.
6.2. Cung cp cht cha chy
6.2.1. S lng
6.2.1.1.
Lng cht cha chy ti thiu trong h thng phi dp tt mt m
chy ln nht ring bit hoc mt nhm m chy c bo v ng thi.
Bng 3: Khong cch an ton c th thc hin vic vn hnh, kim tra, lm v
sinh, sa cha, sn v cc cng vic bo dng thng thng.
Khong h nh nht t bt k im no trn hoc
xung quanh thit b m mt ngi c th ng c(a)
Ti phn gn nht khng
in p danh nh Ti vt c dng in chy
ni t ca mt b phn
ln nht (kV)
qua gn nht khng b che cch in(b) vt c dng
khut trong khng kh in chy qua
(khong cch b phn), m
(khong cch ti t), m
2,6
15
2,75
33
2,90
44
3,10
66
3,20
88
2,5
3,35
110
3,50
132
3,80
165
4,30
220
4,60
275
(a)
c o t v tr ca cc bn chn;
(b)
Thut ng b phn cch in bao gm tt c cc dng ca cc gi cch in nh
b, chn, tr cch in, vt cch in treo, ng cch in, cc u bt cp cch in
v cc gi cch in ca mt s loi cu dao in.
Phi c gi thch hp cho cc vi phun v cc phn lc ca chng sao cho
khng c trng hp no m khong cch t gi cui cng ln hn cc gi tr
sau:
a. i vi ng c ng knh 25mm; 100mm
b. i vi ng c ng knh >25mm; 250mm
S dch chuyn ca ng ng do cc dao ng nhit mi trng tng ln hoc
khi phun cht cha chy c th l ng k, c bit l trn cc chiu di ln v nn
c xem xt treong cc phng php kp c nh gi .
typed by thangnc
TIU CHUN VIT NAM
TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000
Bng 4: Nhp ln nht ca ng ng

ng knh danh ngha
Nhp ln nht ca
ca ng (DN), mm
ng ng, m
0,5
6
1,0
10
1,5
15
1,8
20
2,1
25
2,4
32
2,7
40
3,4
50
3,5
65
3,7
80
4,3
100
4,8
125
5,2
150
5,8
200
6.3.
???
6.3.1.
6.3.2.
6.3.3.
6.3.4.
???
???
???
???
6.3.5. Van
6.3.5.1.
Tt c van, m kn, vng m ch O, vt liu bt kn v cc chi tit khc ca
van phi c thit k bng vt liu thch hp vi cht cha chy v phi thch
hp vi cc p sut v nhit khi lm vic.
6.3.5.2.
Cc van phi c bo v chng h hng c hc, ha hc hoc cc h hng
khc.
6.3.5.3.
Phi s dng cc vt liu chu n mn hoc cc lp ph trong mi trng c
s n mn khc lit.
6.3.6. u phun
6.3.6.1.
La chn v b tr u phun
Cc u phun, bao gm c cc u phun c gn trc tip vo cc bnh cha phi
c ph duyt v phi c nh v ph hp vi kch thc hnh hc ca khu vc
c bo v xem xt.
S loi (kiu) v s b tr cc u phun phi sao cho:
a) t c nng thit k trong tt c cc phn ca khu vc c bo v;
b) Khi phun khng c phun qu mc cc cht lng chy c hoc to ra cc
m my bi c th m rng m chy, to ra ting n hoc cc nh hng c
hi khc i vi nhng ngi ang c mt;
c) Tc phun khng c nh hng c hi n khu vc c bo v hoc cc
vt dng cha bn trong.
Khi c th b tc bi cc vt liu l, cc u vi phun phi c trang b cc a
hoc cc np n. Cc b phn ny phi c mt khe h cho hot ng ca h thng
v phi c thit k v b tr khng gy thng tch cho ngi. Cc u phun
phi thch hp cho s dng v phi c ph duyt v c tnh phun, bao gm cc
gii hn ca din tch bao ph v chiu cao.
Cc u phun phi c bn thch hp cho s dng vi p sut lm vic quy nh,
chng phi c kh nng chu c s tc ng qu mc v c hc v phi c
thit k chu c nhit quy nh m khng bin dng.
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TIU CHUN VIT NAM
TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000
Cc ng lt l phun ca u phun phi c lm bng vt liu chu n mn.

6.3.6.2.
u phun cho lp mi trn nh
gim ti mc ti thiu kh nng lm nng ln hoc dch chuyn cc mi trn
nh c khi lng nh, phi ch m bo gi cht mi trn nh cch mi u
phun mt khong nh nht l 1,5m.
Ch thch: Cc tc phun c to ra bi kt cu ca cc u phun c th l
mt yu t lm dch chuyn cc mi trn nh.
6.3.6.3.
Ghi nhn
Cc u phun phi c ghi nhn bn vng nhn din nh sn xut v kch
thc ca l phun.
6.3.6.4.
B lc
u vo ca bt k cm u phun hoc cm gim p no c l phun vi din tch
nh hn 7mm2 phi c lp mt b lc bn trong c kh nng ngn nga lm tc
l phun.
6.4. Cc h thng pht hin, vn hnh v iu khin
6.4.1. Quy nh chung
Cc h thng pht hin, vn hnh v iu khin c th l h thng t ng hoc bng
tay. Cc h thng t ng cng phi c kh nng vn hnh bng tay.
Cc h thng pht hin, vn hnh, bo ng v iu khin phi c lp t, th nghim
v bo tr ph hp vi cc tiu chun Vit Nam thch hp.
Nu trong tiu chun Vit Nam khng c quy nh no khc, phi s dng cc ngun
nng lng ti thiu l trong 24h cung cp cho cc yu cu hot ng v pht hin,
tn hiu, iu khin v vn hnh ca h thng.
6.4.2. Pht hin t ng
S pht hin t ng phi c thc hin bng mt phng php hoc thit b no
do c quan c thm quyn chp nhn v phi c kh nng pht hin sm v ch bo mc
tng nhit, ngn la, khi, cc hi chy hoc trng thi khng bnh thng trong s
c to ra m chy.
Ch thch: Cc u bo pht hin, nu lp khong cch ln nht cho php bo
ng m chy, c th gy ra s chm tr qu mc trong vic phun cht cha chy, c
bit l khi cn nhiu hn mt thit b pht hin bo ng cc kt qu trc khi vn
hnh t ng.
6.4.3. Cc thit b vn hnh
6.4.3.1.
Vn hnh t ng
Cc h thng t ng phi c iu khin bng u bnh cha t ng v vn
hnh t ng thch hp cho h thng cha chy, s c chy v cng phi c
trang b phng tin cho vn hnh bng tay.
Cc h thng bnh cha hot ng bng in phi tun theo tiu chun Vit Nam
thch hp. Ngun cung cp in phi c lp i vi ngun in cho vng c s
c chy v phi c mt ngun cung cp in ph khn cp vi b i ni mch
in t ng trong trng hp ngun cung cp in chnh b hng.
Khi s dng hai hoc nhiu b u bo nh cc u bo khi hoc u bo la,
ch nn cho h thng hot ng sau khi nhn c cc tn hiu t hai u bo.
6.4.3.2.
Vn hnh bng tay
Phi chun b y cho vn hnh bng tay h thng cha chy bng mt b iu
khin t bn ngoi khng gian c bo v hoc lin k vi li ra chnh t
khng gian ny.
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TIU CHUN VIT NAM
TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000
Ngoi phng tin vn hnh t ng, h thng cha chy phi c cung cp cc
trang b sau:
a) Mt hoc nhiu phng tin vn hnh bng tay t cch xa cc bnh cha;
b) Mt c cu iu khin bng tay iu khin trc tip bng c kh i vi h
thng; hoc:
c) Mt h thng ngt in bng tay, trong thit b kim sot gim st tnh
trng khng bnh thng trong ngun cung cp in v cung cp tn hiu khi
ngun in khng .
S vn hnh bng tay phi to ra hot ng ng thi ca cc van t ng thch
hp ngt v phn phi cht cha chy.
Ch thch 1: Cc tiu chun Vit Nam c th khng yu cu s ngt bng tay hoc
c th yu cu ngt vn hnh thng qua cc tn hiu bo phun s b v s tr
thi gian.
C cu vn hnh bng tay phi c mt tc ng kp hoc b phn an ton khc
hn ch s vn hnh bt ng. C cu phi c trang b phng tin ngn nga
s vn hnh trong qu trnh bo dng h thng cha chy.
Ch thch 2: Vic la chn phng tin vn hnh s ph thuc vo bn cht ca
mi nguy him chy c bo v. Thit b t ng pht hin m chy v bo
ng thng c trang b cho mt h thng cha chy bng tay ch bo s
xut hin ca m chy.
6.4.4. Thit b iu khin
6.4.4.1.
Thit b iu khin bng in
Phi s dng thit b iu khin bng in gim st mch pht hin, mch ngt
bng tay v t ng, mch tn hiu, c cu khi ng in v ng dy dn v
khi c yu cu, khi ng vn hnh cc b phn trn. Thit b iu khin phi
c kh nng hot ng cng vi s lng v kiu c cu khi ng c dng.
6.4.4.2.
Thit b iu khin bng kh nn
Khi s dng thit b iu khin bng kh nn, ng ng phi c bo v chng
b un, gp v h hng c kh. Khi cc thit b lp t c th b phi ra trong iu
kin dn n tn tht hoc khng m bo tnh ton vn ca ng ng kh nn,
phi c bit ch m bo khng xy ra s tn tht hoc mt i tnh ton vn
ca ng ng.
6.4.5. Cc b phn bo ng v ch bo vn hnh
6.4.5.1.
Cc b phn bo ng v ch bo, hoc c hai phi c s dng ch bo
s hot ng ca h thng cha chy, mi nguy him i vi con ngi hoc s
h hng ca c cu gim st. Kiu (nghe, nhn hoc ngi mi), s lng, v tr ca
cc b phn pho m bo sao cho cng hon thnh c nhim v ca mnh.
Mc bo ng hoc ch bo v kiu b phn bo ng hoc ch bo hoc c hai
phi c ph duyt.
6.4.5.2.
Cc b phn bo ng bng m thanh v nh sng trc khi phun phi c
lp t trong khu vc bo v cnh bo mt cch chc chn cho vic sp phun;
s hot ng ca b phn cnh bo phi lin tc t khi phun cht cha chy ti
khi vic bo ng c xc nhn v bt u mt hot ng thch hp.
6.4.5.3.
Cc b phn bo ng ch bo h hng ca cc c cu gim st hoc thit b
phi cung cp nhanh v chnh xc cc ch bo v h hng v phi khc vi tn hiu
cc b phn bo ng ch bo tnh trng hot ng hoc nguy him.
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TIU CHUN VIT NAM
TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000
6.4.6. Cng tc dng

Cc cng tc dng, khi c lp t, phi c b tr trong khu vc c bo v v gn
ng ra. Cng tc dng phi l loi c lc tay khng i dng hot ng ca h
thng cha chy. Hot ng ca chc nng dng phi dn n c hai hnh thc ch bo
bng m thanh v nh sng phn bit v s h hng ca h thng. Cng tc dng hot
ng khi h thng trng thi tnh phi chuyn thnh tn hiu ch bo li thit b iu
khin. Mc ch s dng ca cng tc dng phi c nhn ra mt cch r rng.
7. CHT CHA CHY
7.1. Quy nh chung
iu ny quy nh cc yu cu v c tnh k thut, tnh ton lu lng ca h thng cha
chy v nng ca cht cha chy. Ni dung ca iu ny c lin quan n phn thch hp
ca TCVN 7161:2002 (ISO 14520) cho cc cht cha chy ring.
7.2. c tnh k thut, k hoch v ph duyt
7.2.1. c tnh k thut
c tnh k thut ca cc h thng cha chy bng kh phi c son tho di s
gim st ca ngi c y kinh nghim trong vic thit k h thng cha chy bng
kh v khi thch hp c s c vn ca c quan c thm quyn. c tnh k thut phi
bao gm cc iu khon thch ng cn thit thit cho vic thit k chnh xc h thng
nh t k hiu ca c quan c thm quyn; cc thay i so vi tiu chun c php
ca c quan c thm quyn, cc tiu chun thit k, trnh t hot ng ca h thng,
kiu v quy m th chp nhn (nghim thu) c thc hin sau khi lp t h thng v
cc yu cu v o to ngi s dng. c tnh k thut ca cht cha chy c bao
gm trong cc phn khc nhau ca TCVN 7161:2002 (ISO 14520) cho cc cht cha
chy ring.
7.2.2. Ti liu lm vic
Cc ti liu b tr v ngh ph duyt h thng phi c trnh cho c quan c thm
quyn trc khi lp t hoc bt u ci tin. Loi ti liu yu cu c quy nh trong
Ph lc A.
7.3. Tnh ton lu lng ca h thng
7.3.1. Quy nh chung
Tnh ton lu lng ca h thng p dng iu khin nhit bo qun cht cha
chy danh ngha 20C, phi c c quan c thm quyn ph duyt bng cc th
nghim thch hp nh quy nh trong tiu chun ny v phi c nhn din mt
cch chnh xc. Vic thit k h thng phi trong cc gii hn quy nh ca nh sn
xut.
Ch thch:
1. Cc bin i so vi nhit bo qun danh ngha 20C s nh hng ti cc iu
kin, lu lng dng trong tnh ton.
2. Cc h thng c thit k s b khng yu cu tnh ton lu lng khi c s
dng trong cc gii hn ph duyt.
7.3.2. H thng cn bng v khng cn bng
7.3.2.1.
H thng cn bng phi l h thng trong :
a. Mi chiu di ng thc t hoc tng ng tnh t bnh cha ti mi u
phun chnh lch nhau khng qu 10%.
b. Lu lng phun ca mi u phun u bng nhau (xem Hinh 1)
7.3.2.2.
Cc h thng khng p ng c cc yu cu ny phi c xem l cc h
thng khng cn bng (xem Hnh 2)
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typed by thangnc
TIU CHUN VIT NAM
TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000
7.3.3. Tn tht do ma st
Cho php c tn tht do ma st trong cc ng, van, bnh cha, cc ng nghing, cc u
ni do, un c, van chn, c cu lm tr thi gian v cc thit b khc (v d: c cu
gim p) trong dng chy.
Ch thch: Dng kh ha lng c chng minh l mt hin tng hai pha, pha lng
gm mt hn hp ca cht lng v hi, t l ca chng ph thuc vo p sut v nhit
. S st p khng theo quy lut tuyn tnh, s tng tn tht p sut l v p sut trong
ng ng gim i do ma st.
7.3.4. S st p
S st p phi c tnh ton khi s dng cc phng trnh dng hai pha i vi cc kh
ha lng v cc phng trnh dng mt pha i vi cc kh khng ha lng.
Ch thch: Cc phng trnh ny s dng cc h s ma st v cc hng s ph thuc o
p sut v mt t theo kinh nghim. V cc phng trnh khng th gii c mt
cch trc tip nn thng dng mt chng trnh my tnh tr gip vi s lng ln
cc tnh ton lp li; trong , cc kch thc ca ng v u phun v nu thch hp,
kch thc ca cc c cu gim p sut c chn trong phm vi cc tn tht p sut
quy nh.
Kch thc tnh bng milimt (mm)
Ch thch: - Cc ch s nt m trong nt ngoc n biu th

cc im nt thit k cho tnh ton.
Hnh 1: H thng cn bng in hnh
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TIU CHUN VIT NAM
TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000
Ch thch: - Cc ch s nt m trong nt ngoc n biu th

cc im nt thit k cho tnh ton.
Hnh 2: H thng khng cn bng in hnh

7.3.5. Van v ph tng ng ng
Cc van v ph tng ng ng phi c nh gi v h s cn hoc chiu di tng
ng bng ng hoc cc kch thc ng c s dng vi van v ph tng ng ng.
Chiu di tng ng ca cc van, bnh cha phi c quy nh v phi bao gm ng
xi phng (nu c lp t), van, u x v u ni mm (un c).
7.3.6. Chiu di ng ng
Chiu di ng ng, u phun v hng lp t phi theo ti liu hng dn ca nh
sn xut c ph duyt m bo tnh nng lm vic ng n ca h thng cha
chy.
7.3.7. Bn v thit k
Nu vic lp t ln cui c s thay i so vi bn v tnh ton c son tho th
phi lp bn v lp t mi v cc tnh ton mi.
7.3.8. Cc kh ha lng: yu cu k thut ring
7.3.8.1.
Cho php c cc thay i nng ln nh quy nh trong phn tng ng ca
TCVN 7161:2002 (ISO 14520) c lin quan n cht cha chy ring.
7.3.8.2.
Tc phun nh nht i vi cc cht cha chy ha lng phi duy tr
tc yu cu cho dng chy ri phng trnh s chia tch.
Ch thch: Nu khng duy tr c dng chy s xy ra s chia tch gia cc pha
lng v khi c th dn n cc c tnh khng th on trc c ca dng chy.
7.4. Cu kin bao che
7.4.1. Cu kin bao che bo v phi c bn v tm lin chn li dng phun cht cha
chy. Phi c l thng ngn nga s tng hoc gim p qu mc trong cu kin bao
che.
7.4.2. trnh s tn hao cht cha chy qua cc khong h khu vc lin k vi vng nguy
him chy hoc khu vc lm vic, cc l m phi c bt kn c nh hoc c lp
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TIU CHUN VIT NAM
TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000
t cc cu kin bao che ng m t ng. Khi khng thc hin c vic hn ch cht
cha chy, vng bo v phi c m rng bao gm c vng ln cn ni vi vng c
nguy him chy hoc vng lm vic.
7.4.3. Cc h thng thng gi cng bc phi dng li hoc t ng ngt khi s hot ng tip
tc ca chng nh hng c hi n tnh nng lm vic ca h thng cha chy hoc
lm cho m chy lan rng. Cc h thng thng gi cn thit m bo an ton cho
php khng cn phi dng li khi h thng cha chy hot ng. Phi tnh thm lng
cht cha chy duy tr nng thit k trong thi gian bo v quy nh. Cc th tch ca
ng ng dn khng kh thng gi v ng ng h thng gi phi c xem l mt
phn ca th tch tng vng nguy him chy khi xc nh s lng cht cha chy.
Tt c cc hot ng trong khu vc bo v (v d: s cung cp nhin liu, nng lng,
cc thit b un nng, s phun sn) c th lm suy gim tnh nng lm vic ca h thng
cha chy nn dng li trc khi hoc cng mt lc vi vic phun cht cha chy.
7.5. Yu cu v nng cht cha chy
7.5.1. Dp tt ngn la
7.5.1.1.
i vi vic phn loi m chy, xem TCVN 4878-89 (ISO 3941).
7.5.1.2.
Nng thit k nh nht cho m chy loi B i vi mi cht cha chy
phi l nng dp tt cho mi nhin liu thuc m chy loi B nhn vi h s
an ton 1,3. Nng dp tt c dng phi l nng c xc nh bng cch
t cht kh th nghim theo phng php c yu cu trong Ph lc B. Phng
php ny c kim tra vi heptan khi dng quy trnh th m chy bng cch
dp tt la/ph khu vc chy c chi tit ha trong Ph lc C. i vi cc s c
chy do nhin liu c nhiu thnh phn, phi dng nng thit k ln nht.
7.5.1.3.
Nng dp tt i vi cc m chy b mt loi A phi c xc nh bng
th nghim khi s dng quy trnh th m chy c m t trong Ph lc C. Nng
thit k nh nht i vi m chy loi A phi l nng dp tt nhn vi h
s an ton 1,3. i vi nhin liu m chy loi A khng c thnh phn xenlulo
c th cn n nng thit k cao hn.
Lu : Cn thy rng m chy ci g c th khng cho bit nng dp tt thch
hp cho vic cha chy nhin liu cht do (v d cc phng my tnh v phng
trung tm). Cc th nghim thch hp ang c trin khai v a vo sot xt
sp ti ca ISO 14520. Cho ti khi cc th nghim ny c hon thnh, nn s
dng nng khng nh hn 90% nng c xc nh t th nghim m
chy heptan.
H s an ton 1,3 c lin quan ti vic tng 30% t nng dp tt ti nng
thit k, dn ti vic b sung thm lng cht cha chy. Trong trng hp h s
an ton ny khng th c th cho php b sung thm cht cha chy (ngha l
ln hn 30%) nhng khng b bn ch bi cc vn sau:
a) Khi xy ra r r t mt cu kin bao che khng kn. Vn ny c bao hm
trong tiu chun ny bi yu cu i vi th nghim trong phng v s ton
vn v kn ca cu kin bao che t c thi gian duy tr nh.
b) Khi xy ra s r r do cc ca c m trong qu trnh phun hoc ngay sau
khi phun. Vn ny c ghi trong cc bin bn vn hnh cho cc s c
ring.
c) Khi s gim thiu lng cht c hi hoc cc sn phm n mn ca qu trnh
chy ca m chy l quan trng.
d) Khi s gim thiu cht c hi hoc sn phm n mn do bn thn cht cha
chy phn hy ra l quan trng.
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e) Khi xy ra s r r qusa mc t mt cu kin bao che do s gin n ca cht

cha chy.
f) Khi b mt c t nng bi ngn la c th hot ng nh mt ngun sinh
nhit nu khng c lm mt y trong qu trnh phun cht cha chy v
trong thi gian duy tr.
Trong thc t, vic p dng tiu chun ny dn n cc h s an ton cao hn, v
d ngi ta thch dng cc th tch th hn l cc th tch tinh v thit k cc h
thng cha chy vi nhot ng nh trc nh nht hn l nhit p dng trong
cc iu kin thc t.
Cnh bo: Trong mt s iu kin c th, c th xy ra nguy him khi dp tt ngn
la gas ang chy. Bin php trc tin l phi ct ngun cung cp gas.
7.5.2. Lm tr
Phi s dng nng lm tr trong cc tnh trng c th xy ra s bng chy li hoc
n tip sau khi m chy c dp tt. Cc tnh trng ny xy ra khi c hai iu kin
sau:
a. Lng nhin liu c php trong cu kin bao che to thnh mt nng
bng hoc ln hn mt na gii hn nng chy di trong ton b cu kin bao
che.
b. S bay hi ca nhin liu trc khi chy t ti gii hn ca s chy trong
khng kh (nhit ln nht ca mi trng xung quanh hoc nhit ca nhin
liu vt qu nhit bng chy c xc nh bng chn kn) hoc nhy ca h
thng khng nhy pht hin v dp tt la trc khi s bay hi ca nhin liu
tng ln ti mc nguy him nh l kt qu ca m chy.
Nng thit k nh nht c dng lm tr kh quyn cc cht lng v cht kh
chy phi c xc nh bng th nghim c quy nh trong Ph lc D, cng vi
10%.
7.6. Lng cht cha chy tng
7.6.1. Quy nh chung
Lng cht cha chy yu cu t c nng thit k phi c tnh ton rong
cc phng trnh trong 7.6.2 hoc 7.6.3 hoc t cc d liu trong Bng 3. Lng cht
cha chy tng trong cc phn ca tiu chun ny p dng cho cc cht cha chy ring.
Ngoi cc yu cu v nng tnh ton ny, cc tiu chun Vit Nam c th yu cu
lng cht cha chy b sung b tr cho cc iu khin c bit no c th nh
hng c hi n hiu qu dp tt m chy (xem 7.5.1), hoc cc c tnh vt l ca
cht cha chy cng c yu cu b sung lng cht cha chy (xem 7.9.1.2).
7.6.2. Cc kh ha lng
C V
M =
100 C S
Trong :
M l lng cht cha chy tng, tnh bng kilogam (kg);
C l nng thit k, % th tch;
V l th tch tinh ca vng nguy him chy, tnh bng mt khi (ngha l th tch c
chn bi cu kin bao che tr i cc cu trc c nh khng thm thu cht cha chy);
3
S l th tch ring, m kg : S = k 1 + k2T ;
k1; k2 l cc hng s c trng cho cht cha chy c s dng do nh sn xut cht
cha chy cung cp;
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T l nhit nh nht c nh trc ca mi trng xung quanh ca th tch c

bo v, C.
7.6.3. Kh khng ha lng
Q =V
S R 100
In
S 100 C
Trong :
Q l lng cht cha chy tng, m3, p sut v nng chun lc np y;
C l nng thit k, % th tch;
V l th tch ca vng nguy him chy (ngha l th tch c chn bi cu kin bao che
tr i cc cu trc c nh khng thm cht cha chy);
3
SR l th tch ring, nhit T v p sut tuyt i 1,013bar; m kg
3
S l th tch ring, m kg : S = k 1 + k2T
k1; k2 l cc hng s c trng cho cht cha chy c s dng do nh sn xut cht
cha chy cung cp;
T l nhit nh nht c nh trc ca mi trng xung quanh ca th tch c
bo v, C.
7.6.4.
8.
7.7.
??
8.1.
8.2.
??
??
8.2.1.
8.2.2.
8.2.3.
8.2.4.
8.2.5.
8.2.6.
??
??
??
??
??
??
8.2.6.1.
8.2.6.2.
8.2.6.3.
8.2.6.4.
??
??
??
??
8.2.6.5.
Kim tra m bo rng tt c cc thit b cui tuyn c lp t.
8.2.6.6.
Kim tra tt c cc mch gim st v nhy i vi li sai st.
8.2.7. Th chc nng hot ng ca h thng
8.2.7.1.
Vn hnh cc mch pht hin ban u. Tt c cc chc nng bo ng phi
din ra theo ng cc c tnh k thut thit k.
8.2.7.2.
Vn hnh kim tra mch thit yu kd mt mch bo ng th hai, nu c.
Kim tra bo m rng tt c cc chc nng bo ng th hai din ra theo ng
cc c tnh k thut thit k.
8.2.7.3.
Vn hnh thit b ngt iu khin bng tay. Kim tra bo m rng tt c
cc chc nng ngt bng tay din ra theo ng cc c tnh k thut thit k.
8.2.7.4.
Khi thch hp, vn hnh cng tc duy tr. Kim tra bo m rng tt c cc
chc nng din ra theo ng cc c tnh k thut thit k, xc nhn vic thc hin
cc tn hiu gim st bng nh sng v m thanh bng iu khin.
8.2.7.5.
Kim tra chc nng ca tt c cc van c th chnh t li v cc b kch
thch tr khi vic th nghim van s lm ngt cht cha chy. Khng nn th cc
van bi, nh cc van c gn vo cc a n.
8.2.7.6.
Kim tra thit b kh nn, nu c lp, v tnh ton vn bo m s hot
ng ng.
8.2.8. Cc hot ng gim st t xa (nu c)
8.2.8.1.
Tho ngun cung cp nng lng chnh, sau vn hnh mi loi thit b
a vo bng nng lng d phng. Kim tra m bo rng thu c tn hiu
bo ng bng iu khin t xa sau khi thit b c vn hnh. Ni li ngun
cung cp nng lng chnh.
8.2.8.2.
Vn hnh mi loi tnh trng bo ng v kim tra s thu nhn tnh trng sai
st trm iu khin t xa.
8.2.9. Ngun nng lng chnh bng iu khin
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8.2.9.1.
Kim tra bo m rng bng iu khin c ni vi mt mch khng c
cng tc v c ghi nhn chnh xc. Bng iu khin ny phi tip cn c d
dng nhng s tip cn ch c hn ch cho ngi c thm quyn.
8.2.9.2.
Th nghim s h hng ngun nng lng chnh ph hp vi c tnh k
thut ca nh sn xut vi h thng cha chy c hot ng y bng ngun
nng lng d tr.
8.2.10. Hon thnh cc th nghim v chc nng
Khi tt c cc th nghim v chc nng c hon thnh (8.2.6 n 8.2.9), ni li mi
bnh cha bo qun cht cha chy sao cho mch ngt hot ng s ngt cht cha
chy. a h thng cha chy tr v iu kin hot ng y theo thit k. Bo cho
trm bo ng trung tm v tt c nhng ngi c lin quan ti vic s dng thit b
rng th nghim h thng cha chy c hon thnh v h thng c a tr v
iu kin sn sng hot ng theo quy trnh c quy nh trong cc c tnh k thut
ca nh sn xut.
8.3. Giy chng nhn hon thnh lp t v ti liu
Ngi lp t phi cung cp cho ngi s dng giy chng nhn hon thnh lp t v mt
b ti liu hng dn, tnh ton v cc bn v v h thng c lp t, s tun th ton
b h thng vi cc yu cu thch hp ca tiu chun ny v ni dung chi tit ca cc kin
ngh thch hp. Giy chng nhn phi cho cc nng thit k v nu c thc hin, cc
bo co v th nghim b sung bao gm th nghim qut ca ra vo.
9. KIM TRA, BO DNG, TH NGHIM V O TO
9.1. Quy nh chung
iu ny quy nh cc yu cu v kim tra, bo dng v th nghim h thng cha chy
bng kh v cc yu cu v o to cc nhn vin kim tra v bo dng.
9.2. Kim tra
9.2.1. Quy nh chung
9.2.1.1.
Ti thiu mi nm mt ln hoc nhiu hn theo yu cu ca c quan c thm
quyn, tt c cc h thng cha chy phi c kim tra v th nghim ton b v
s hot ng ng, chnh xc bi ngi c nng lc, trnh .
9.2.1.2.
Bo co kim tra cng vi cc kin ngh phi c gi cho ngi ch s
dng h thng cha chy.
9.2.1.3.
Ti thiu l 6 thng mt ln, cc cht trong bnh cha phi c kim tra nh
sau:
a) Cc kh ha lng: i vi cc cht cha chy halocacbon, nu mt bnh cha
c lng tn tht cha chy ln hn 5% hoc tn tht p sut (c iu
chnh i vi nhit ) ln hn 10% th phi c np li hoc thay th.
b) Cc kh khng ha lng: i vi cc cht cha chy dng kh tr khng ha
lng, p sut l s ch th lng cht cha chy. Tr khi c quy nh khc ca
c quan c thm quyn, nu mt bnh cha cht cha chy dng kh tr c tn
tht p sut (c iu chnh i vi nhit ) ln hn 5% th phi c np
li hoc thay th. Khi s dng p k hoc dng c gim st khi lng bnh
cha cho mc ch ny th ti thiu mi nm mt ln chng phi c so snh
vi mt dng c c hiu chnh ring r.
9.2.1.4.
Ton b cht cha chy tho ra t cc bnh cha trong cc quy trnh bo
dng hoc bo tr phi c gom li hoc quay vng li hoc c b tr hp l
v mt mi trng v ph hp vi lut php v quy nh hin hnh.
9.2.1.5.
S liu kim tra v tn ngi kim tra phi c ghi trn th gn vi bnh
cha.
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9.2.2. Bnh cha

Cc bnh cha phi c kim tra nh k theo yu cu ca tiu chun Vit Nam c lin
quan.
9.2.3. ng mm
Tt c cc ng mm ca h thng cha chy phi c kim tra hng nm v s h
hng. Nu kim tra bng mt cho thy c khuyt tt no th ng mm phi c thay
th.
9.2.4. Cu kin bao che
9.2.4.1.
Ti thiu l 12 thng mt ln phi xc nh xem s thm nhp qua ng
bin gii hoc thay i cu kin bao che bo v c nh hng ti s r r v tnh
nng ca cht cha chy hay khng. Nu yu cu ny khng th xc nh c
bng mt th phi lp li php th v tnh ton vn ca cu kin bao che theo Ph
lc E.
9.2.4.2.
Khi php th ton vn pht hin c s r r tng ln dn n khng c kh
nng gi c cht cha chy trong khong thi gian yu cu, cn phi tin hnh
vic sa cha.
9.2.4.3.
Khi c s thay i v th tch ca cu kin bao che hoc loi nguy him chy
bn trong cu kin bao che hoc xy ra c hai, th h thng cha chy phi c
thit k li cung cp c mc bo v ban u.
Loi nguy him chy bn trong cu kin bao che v th tch ca cu kin bao che
nn c kim tra thng xuyn bo m nng yu cu ca cht cha chy
c th t c v duy tr.
9.3. Bo dng
9.3.1. Quy nh chung
Ngi s dng phi thc hin mt chng trnh xem xt, sp xp mt lch trnh bo
dng v lu gi cc bin bn xem xt v bo dng.
Ch thch: Kh nng lm vic tip tc c hiu qu ca mt h thng cha chy ph
thuc vo cc quy trnh bo dng y vi vic kim tra th nghim nh k, khi c
th.
Ngi lp t nn cung cp cho ngi s dng mt bin bn trong ghi cc ni dung
chi tit v kim tra v bo dng.
9.3.2. Chng trnh kim tra ca ngi s dng
Ngi lp t phi cung cp cho ngi s dng chng trnh kim tra h thng cha
chy v cc phn cu thnh ca h thng. Chng trnh phi bao gm cc hng dn v
cc hnh ng cn c thc hin c lin quan n sai st, h hng.
Chng trnh kim tra ca ngi s dng c dng pht hin sm cc sai st cho
php sa cha trc khi h thng cha chy c vn hnh. Sau l mt chng trnh
thch hp:
a. Hng tun: Kim tra bng mt s c v tnh ton vn ca cu kin bao che i vi
cc thay i c th lm git st hiu qu lm vic ca h thng cha chy. Thc
hin kim tra bng mt m bo rng khng c h hng r rt ca ng ng v
tt c cc b phn v chi tit iu khin, vn hnh c chnh t ng v khng b
h hng. Phi kim tra cc p k v dng c cn, nu c lp, v s ch th chnh
xc v thc hin cc hnh ng thch hp c quy nh trong sch hot ng ca
ngi s dng.
b. Hng thng: Kim tra m bo rng tt c mi ngi phi vn hnh thit b hoc
h thng cha chy c o to thch hp v c php thc hin cng vic ny,
c bit l, cc nhn vin mi phi c hng dn s dng h thng cha chy.
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9.3.3. Lch trnh bo dng

Lch trnh bo dng phi bao gm cc yu cu v kim tra v th nghim nh k i
vi ton b h thng cha chy lp t, bao gm cc bnh cha c p lc nh quy
nh trong cc tiu chun Vit Nam thch hp.
Lch trnh phi thc hin bi ngi c nng lc, ngi lm lch trnh phi cung cp
cho cc ngi s dng bo co v ni dung v ngy xem xt, bo cho bit v cc sa
cha no c thc hin hoc cn thit.
Trong qu trnh bo dng phi ch phng trnh lm thot ra cht cha chy.
Ph lc F gii thiu mt lch trnh bo dng thch hp.
9.4. o to
Tt c nhng ngi c th thc hin nhim v kim tra, th nghim, bo tr hoc vn hnh
cc h thng cha chy phi c o to v c o to y v chc nng nhim v m
h phi hon thnh.
Tt c nhng ngi lm vic bn trong khu vc kn c bo v bng cht cha chy th kh
phi c hun luyn v cch vn hnh v s dng h thng cha chy, c bit l i vi
cc vn an ton.
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Ph lc A (quy nh)
CC TI LIU LM VIC
A.1. Quy nh chung

Cc ti liu ny phi do nhng ngi c y kinh nghim trong thit k cc h thng cha
chy son tho. S sai khc so vi cc ti liu ny phi c c quan c thm quyn cho php.
A.2. Cc ti liu lm vic
Cc ti liu bao gm cc khon sau:
a. Cc bn v theo t l cho ca h thng phn phi cht cha chy bao gm cc bnh
cha, v tr ca cc bnh cha, ng ng v cc vi phun, cc van v c cu gim p sut
v khong cch gia cc gi treo ng ng;
b. Tn ngi ch v ngi thu h thng cha chy;
c. V tr ca ta nh trong c mi nguy him chy c xc nh;
d. S b tr v cu trc ca cc thnh v vch ngn ca cu kin bao che bo v;
e. Mt ct ngang ca cu kin bao che, chiu cao ton b hoc s lp, bao gm sn tip cn
i ln v tng treo;
f. Loi cht cha chy c dng;
g. Nng dp tt hoc nng tr, nng thit k v nng ln nht;
h. M t cc vng c nguy c chy lan do chy v cc nguy him chy c bo v;
i. c tnh k thut ca bnh cha chy c s dng, bao gm dung tch, p sut bo qun
v khi lng k c cht cha chy;
j. M t v cc vi phun c s dng, bao gm kch thc ca vo, hnh dng ming l
phun, kch c/m l phun, v kch c ca c cu gim p sut nu c;
k. M t ng ng, cc van ph tng ng ng c s dng, bao gm cc c tnh k
thut ca vt liu, cp v tr s p sut;
l. Danh mc thit b hoc ha n cc vt liu i vi mi thnh phn ca thit b hoc c
cu biu th tn c cu, thit b, nh sn xut, mu (model) hoc s liu chi tit, s lng v
s m t;
m. Hnh v cng kch thc ca h thng phn phi cht cha chy biu th chiu di v
ng knh ca mi on ng, cc s chun c lin quan ti cc tnh ton lu lng;
n. S nn tng p sut ca cu kin bao che v cc tnh ton v thng gi;
o. M t v s pht hin m chy, cc h thng vn hnh v iu chnh.
A.3. Cc chi tit ring
A.3.1. H thng thit k s b
i vi cc h thng thit k s b, ngi s dng phi c cung cp thng tin v thit k h
thng ca nh sn xut.
A.3.2 H thng thit k
Cc chi tit v h thng phi bao gm nhng thng tin sau:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Thng tin v cc tnh ton v lng cht cha chy;

p sut ca bnh cha bo qun;
Dung tch ca bnh cha;
V tr, kiu loi v lu lng ca mi u phun, bao gm din tch tng ng ca l
phun v cc c cu gim p sut, nu c;
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e. V tr, kch c v cc chiu di tng ng hoc cc h s cn ca ph tng ng ng v

cc ng mm; s thu nh kch thc ng v s nh hng ca cc ng ni T phi c ch
ra r rng;
f. V tr v kch thc ca cc thit b bo qun.
Thng tin phi gn lin vi v tr v chc nng ca cc thit b pht hin, cc thit b vn hnh,
thit b ph v phi c nhn thy. Bt k cc c im cng phi c gii thch y . Bn
chng trnh tnh ton lu lng phi c nhn bit trn trang in (print out) tnh ton ca my
tnh.
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Ph lc B (quy nh)
XC NH NNG DP TT NGN LA CA CC CHT KH

CHT CHA CHY BNG PHNG PHP CHN NUNG
B.1. Phm vi p dng
Ph lc ny quy nh cc yu cu ti thiu cho vic xc nh nng dp tt ngn la ca mt
cht kh cha chy trong khng kh i vi cc cht lng v kh chy c dng thit b kiu
chn nung.
B.2. Nguyn l
Cc ngn la khuch tn ca vic t chy nhin liu trong mt chn trn, b tr tm ca mt
dng khng kh chy ng trc (vi trc ca bnh), c dp tt bng cch b sung mt cht
cha chy th kh cho khng kh.
B.3. Cc yu cu i vi thit b
B.3.1. Yu cu chung
Thit b kiu chn nung dng cho cc phng php o ny phi c b tr v c kt cu nh
trong Hnh B.1 vi cc kch thc cho; dung sai ca tt c cc kch thc phi l 5% tr
khi c quy nh khc.
B.3.2. Chn nung
Chn nung l hnh tr trn v lm bng thy tinh, thch anh hoc thp. ng knh ngoi ca
chn phi trong phm vi t 28mm n 32mm, vi chiu dy thnh chn t 1mm n 2mm.
Chn c mt vt 45 mt nh ca bnh. Phi c dng c o nhit ca nhin liu t v tr
v cch nh bnh t 2mm n 5mm v b phn dt chn nhin liu nh ch ra trn Hnh B.1.
Chn nung phi c hnh dng gn ging nh hnh dng c gii thiu trong v d trn Hnh
B.1. Chn c dng vi cc nhin liu th kh phi c phng tin lm ng u dng kh
nh chn (v d, chn c th c bc bng cc vt liu chu la)
B.3.3. Bung t
Bung t phi c kt cu hnh tr trn bng thy tinh hoc thch anh. Bung t phi c
ng knh trong 852mm v chiu dy thnh t 2mm n 5mm, chiu cao 5355mm.
B.3.4. B khuch tn
B khuch tn phi c kt cu lp t vi bung t v thu nhn dng trn s b ca khng kh
v cht cha chy v phi c phng tin phn phi u dng khng kh/cht cha chy i
qua mt ct ngang ca bung t. Nhit hn hp khng kh/cht cha chy bn trong b
khuch tn phi l 2510C, c o bng mt cm bin nhit c hiu chun.
B.3.5. Ngun cung cp nhin liu
Ngun cung cp nhin liu phi c kh nng cung cp nhin liu lng cho chn nung trong khi
vn duy tr c mt mc cht lng c nh nhng iu chnh c bn trong chn.
Ngun cung cp nguyn liu kh phi c kh nng cung cp nhin liu kh cho chn nung
mc c nh v iu chnh c.
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B.3.6. ng ng phn phi

ng ng phn phi phi tip nhn khng kh v cht cha chy v cung cp dng hn hp
khng kh cht cha chy cho b khuch tn.
B.3.7. Ngun cung cp khng kh
Phng tin cung cp khng kh cho ng ng phn phi phi cho php iu chnh lu lng
khng kh. Phi c kh c o lu lng khng kh c hiu chun.
B.3.8. Ngun cung cp cht cha chy
Phng tin cung cp cht cha chy cho ng ng phn phi phi cho php iu chnh lu
lng cht cha chy. Nu dng phng php o B.7.2 xc nh nng cht cha chy th
phi c kh c o lu lng cht cha chy c hiu chun.
B.3.9. H thng ly mu
H thng ly mu phi cung cp mt mu th th kh i din v c th o c cho chn nung.
B.4. Yu cu v vt liu
B.4.1. Khng kh
Khng kh phi sch, kh v khng cha du nhn. Nng oxy theo th tch phi l
(20,95)%. Phi ghi li ngun v hm lng oxy ca khng kh c s dng.
Ch thch: Khng kh c cung cp trong cc bnh cao p c thng phm c th c hm
lng oxy khc vi gi tr 20,9% mt cch ng k.
B.4.2. Nhin liu
Nhin liu phi l loi c cht lng c chng nhn.
B.4.3. Cht cha chy
Cht cha chy phi l loi c chng nhn v p ng cc c tnh k thut ca nh cung
cp. Cc cht cha chy c nhiu thnh phn phi c cung cp dng c trn s b.
Cc cht cha chy c ha lng phi c cung cp dng tinh khit, ngha l khng b nn
bng nit.
B.5. Quy trnh i vi cc cht lng khng chy c
B.5.1. cht lng chy c trong bnh cha cung cp nhin liu.
B.5.2. a nhin liu vo chn nung, iu chnh mc cht lng trong khong t 5mm n
10mm so vi nh ca chn nung.
B.5.3. Vn hnh b phn nung nng chn a nhit nhin liu ti 253C hoc cao hn
nhit bc chy trong chn h 53C, chn nhit no cao hn. Trong thi gian ny, mc
cht lng trong chn nung phi c iu chnh sao cho mc nhin liu bn trn kh c o
nhit nhin liu.
Ch thch: Nhit nhin liu c cho trong B.5.3 l nhit lc bt u th nghim.
B.5.4. iu chnh dng khng kh t c lu lng 10l/pht.
B.5.5. t chy nhin liu
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B.5.6. Cho php nhin liu chy trong khong thi gian t 60 giy n 120 giy trc khi bt
u dng cht cha chy. Trong thi gian ny, mc cht lng trong chn nung c iu chnh
sao cho mc nhin liu cch nh chn nung trong khong 1mm.
B.5.7. Bt u cho dng cht cha chy hot ng. Tng lu lng cht cha chy ti khi dp
tt c ngn la v ghi li lu lng cht cha chy v lu lng khng kh lc dp tt c
ngn la. S tng lu lng cht cha chy s dn n vic tng nng cht cha chy khng
ln hn 2% so vi gi tr trc . Cc iu chnh v lu lng cht cha chy cn c khong
thi gian ch i ngn (10 giy) cho php cc t l mi ca cht cha chy v khng kh
trong ng ng phn phi ti c v tr ca chn nung. Trong thi gian ny, mc cht lng
phi c duy tr cch nh chn nung khong 1mm.
Ch thch: Lc bt u vn hnh, nn tng lu lng cht cha chy mc tng i ln
xc nh lu lng xp x vi yu cu dp tt ngn la v sau dng lu lng gn vi
lu lng ti hn v tng dn lu lng vi lng tng nh cho ti khi t c s dp tt
ngn la.
B.5.8. Xc nh nng dp tt ca cht cha chy ph hp vi B.7.
B.5.9. Trc khi tin hnh cc th nghim tip theo, tho nhin liu ra khi chn nung, tho ht
cn hoc lm sch mui than c trong chn nung.
B.5.10. Lp li cc trnh t t B.5.1 n B.5.9 khi s dng lu lng khng kh 20l/pht;
30l/pht; 40l/pht v 50l/pht.
B.5.11. Xc nh min gi tr cao trong biu nng dp tt/lu lng khng kh (ngha l
phm vi ca lu lng khng kh m vt qu phm vi ny nng dp tt l cc i v khng
ph thuc vo lu lng khng kh) bng cch v biu nng cht dp tt, nh xc nh
trong B.5.8 i vi lu lng khng kh.
Nu khng tm c min gi tr cao trong biu ny, phi thc hin thm cc php o theo
B.5.10 khi dng cc lu lng khng kh cao hn 50l/pht.
B.5.12. cht lng chy trong bnh cung cp nhin liu.
B.5.13. a nhin liu vo chn nung, iu chnh ti mc cht lng trong khong t 5mm n
10mm so vi nh chn nung.
B.5.14. Vn hnh b phn nung nng chn nung a nhit nhin liu ti 253C hoc
nhit cao hn im bc chy trong chn h 53C, chn nhit no cao hn. Trong thi
gian ny, mc cht lng trong chn nung phi c iu chnh sao cho mc nhin liu bn
trn kh c o nhit nhin liu.
Ch thch: Nhit nhin liu c cho trong B.5.14 l nhit lc bt u th nghim.
B.5.15. iu chnh dng khng kh t c lu lng trn min gi tr cao c xc nh
theo B.5.11.
B.5.16. t chy nhin liu.
B.5.17. Cho php nhin liu chy trong khong thi gian t 60 giy n 120 giy, trc khi bt
u phun cht cha chy. Trong thi gian ny, mc cht lng trong chn nung phi c iu
chnh sao cho mc nhin liu cch nh chn nung trong khong 1mm.
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tt c ngn la v ghi li lu lng cht cha chy v lu lng khng kh lc dp tt c
ngn la.
S tng lu lng cht cha chy s dn n vic tng nng cht cha chy khng ln hn
2% so vi gi tr trc . Cc iu chnh v lu lng cht cha chy cn c khong thi gian
ch i ngn (10 giy) cho php cc t l mi ca cht cha chy v khng kh trong ng
ng phn phi ti c v tr ca chn nung. Trong thi gian ny, mc cht lng phi c duy
tr cch nh chn nung khong 1mm.
ngn la.
B.5.19. Trc khi tin hnh cc th nghim tip theo, tho nhin liu ra khi chn nung, tho
ht cn hoc lm sch mui than c trong chn nung.
B.5.20. Lp li cc trnh t t B.5.1 n B.5.9 cho 4 ln th tip theo.
B.5.21. Xc nh nng dp tt ca cht cha chy cho trng hp nhin liu c nung
nng theo ng B7 bng cch ly trung bnh ca 5 ln th.
B.5.22. Lp li cc bc t B.5.12 n B.5.20 vi nhit nhin liu thp hn im si ca
nhin liu l 5C hoc vi nhit 200C, chn nhit thp hn. Nhit nhin liu phi
c gi nhit quy nh ny trong sut qu trnh th.
nng theo ng B.7 bng cch ly trung bnh ca 5 ln th.
B.6. Quy trnh i vi cc kh chy c
B.6.1. Chn nung c dng vi cc nhin liu kh phi c phng tin t c dng kh
ng u nh chn. V d, chn nung dng cho nhin liu lng c th c bao bc bi vt
liu chu la.
B.6.2. Nhin liu kh phi t mt ngun cung cp c p sut iu chnh c, c phng tin
iu chnh v o lu lng kh c hiu chun.
B.6.3. iu chnh lu lng khng kh vi 10l/pht.
B.6.4. Bt u cho dng nhin liu vo chn nung v iu chnh lu lng t c tc
dng kh thng l bng tc dng kh i qua chn. Nhit nhin liu phi l 2510C.
Ch thch: Tc khng kh i qua chn t c th c tnh ton t lu lng khng kh v
hiu gia mt ct ngang ca ng khi v mt ct ngang ca chn nung.
B.6.5. t chy nhin liu.
B.6.6. Cho php nhin liu chy trong khong thi gian 60 giy trc khi bt u dng cht
cha chy.
tt c ngn la v ghi li lu lng khng kh, cht cha chy v lu lng nhin liu lc
dp tt c ngn la. S tng lu lng cht cha chy s dn n vic tng nng cht
cha chy khng ln hn 3% so vi gi tr trc . Cc iu chnh v lu lng cht cha
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chy cn c khong thi gian ch i ngn (10 giy) cho php cc t l mi ca cht cha
chy v khng kh trong ng ng phn phi ti c v tr ca chn nung.
ngn la.
B.6.8. Vo lc dp tt ngn la, ngt dng kh chy c.
B.6.9. Trc khi tin hnh cc th nghim tip theo, tho ht cn hoc mui than, nu c, ra
khi chn nung.
B.6.11. Lp li cc bc t B.6.4 n B.6.9 cc lu lng khng kh 20l/pht; 30l/pht;
40l/pht v 50l/pht.
B.6.12. Xc nh min gi tr cao trong biu nng t dp tt/lu lng khng kh (ngha l
phm vi ca lu lng khng kh m vt qu phm vi ny, nng dp tt l cc i khng
ph thuc vo lu lng khng kh) bng cch v biu nng dp tt. nh xc nh
trong B.6.10 i vi lu lng khng kh.
Nu khng tm c min gi tr cao trong biu ny, phi thc hin thm cc php o theo
B.5.11 khi dng cc lu lng khng kh cao hn 50l/pht.
B.6.13. iu chnh lu lng khng kh ti mt gi tr min gi tr cao trong biu nng
dp tt/lu lng khng kh.
B.6.14. Bt u a nhin liu vo chn nung v iu chnh lu lng t ti tc ca kh
bng tc ca khng kh i qua chn nung. Nhit nhin liu phi l 2510C.
B.6.15. t chy nhin liu
B.6.16. Cho php nhin liu chy trong khong thi gian 60 giy trc khi bt u dng cht c
dng chy cht cha chy.
tt c ngn la v ghi li lu lng khng kh, cht cha chy v lu lng nhin liu lc
dp tt c ngn la. S tng lu lng cht cha chy s dn n vic tng nng cht
cha chy khng ln hn 3% so vi gi tr trc . Cc iu chnh v lu lng cht cha
chy cn c khong thi gian ch i ngn (10 giy) cho php cc t l mi ca cht cha
chy v khng kh trong ng ng phn phi ti c v tr ca chn nung.
ngn la.
B.6.18. Vo lc dp tt ngn la, ngt dng kh chy c.
B.6.19. Trc khi tin hnh cc th nghim tip theo, tho ht cn hoc mui than, nu c, ra
khi chn nung.
B.6.21. Lp li cc bc t B.6.13 n B.6.20 cho 4 ln th tip theo.
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nng theo ng B.7 bng cch ly trung bnh ca 5 ln th.
B.7. Nng trung bnh ca cht cha chy
B.7.1. Phng php thng dng
Phng php thng dng xc nh nng cht cha chy trong hn hp cht cha chy
cng vi khng kh dp tt ngn la l s dng mt thit b phn tch kh c hiu chun
i vi phm vi nng ca hn hp cht cha chy khng kh c o. Thit b c kh
nng ly mu lin tc (v d my phn tch khi lp ngay trn ng ng phn phi) hoc c th
l loi phn tch cc mu th ring bit (v d sc k kh). K thut o lin tc c a chung
hn.
Cch khc, nng cn li ca oxy trong hn hp khng kh/cht cha chy trong ng khi
pha bn di chn nung c th c o bng mt my phn tch oxy lin tc. Gi tr nng
oxy chu nh hng ca nng cht cha chy. Nng cht cha chy lc ny c tnh
ton nh sau:
O
C = 100 1 2
O2( cc )
Trong :
C l nng cht cha chy, % th tch;
O2 l nng oxy ca hn hp khng kh/cht cha chy trong ng khi, % th tch;
O2(cc) l nng oxy trong khng kh c cung cp, % th tch.
B.7.2. Phng php ty chn
Nng cht cha chy trong hn hp cht cha chy cng vi khng kh c th c tnh
ton t cc lu lng o c ca cht cha chy v khng kh. Khi dng kh c o lu lng
theo khi lng, lu lng cn c chuyn i thnh lu lng th tch nh sau:
m
Vi = i
pi
Trong
Vi l lu lng th tch ca kh i, l/pht;
mi l lu lng khi lng ca kh i, g/pht;
pi l t trng ca kh i; g/l.
Nn ch s dng t trng hi thc t. T trng hi ca nhiu cht hydro cacbon halogen ha
nhit v p sut mi trng xung quanh c th sai khc vi phn trm so vi t trng c
tnh ton theo nh lut l tng.
V d: T trng ca hi HFC 227 ea p sut 101,3kPa v nhit 295K cao hn t trng
c tnh ton i vi kh l tng xp x 2,4%. p sut 6,7kPa (6,6%), tuy nhin, s khc
nhau gia t trng hi thc t v t trng hi c tnh ton cho kh l tng nh hn 0,2%.
Nn s dng cc d liu c cng b khi c th. C th s dng cc k thut nh gi khi
thiu cc d liu c cng b. Ngun cc gi tr v tnh cht vt l s dng nn c
ghi vo bo co th nghim.
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Nng cht cha chy theo phn trm th tch c tnh nh sau:
C=
Vcc
100
Vkk + Vcc
Trong :
C l nng cht cha chy, % th tch;
Vkk l lu lng th tch ca khng kh, l/pht;
Vcc l lu lng th tch ca cht cha chy, l/pht.
B.8. Bo co kt qu
Ti thiu nn a cc thng tin sau vo bo co kt qu:
a. S mch ca thit b, bao gm c kch thc v m t cc vt liu s dng;
b. Ngun v s phn tch ca cht cha chy, nhin liu v khng kh;
c. i vi mi th nghim, nhit nhin liu lc bt u th, nhit nhin liu lc dp tt
la v nhit ca hn hp khng kh/cht cha chy lc dp tt la;
d. Lu lng cht cha chy, nhin liu kh v khng kh; nu s dng phng php B.7.1 th
nng cht cha chy hoc nng oxy s thay cho lu lng cht cha chy;
e. Phng php c s dng xc nh nng dp tt;
f. Nng cht cha chy lc dp tt la i vi mi th nghim;
g. Nng dp tt i vi nhin liu khng c nung nng v i vi nhin liu c nung
nng vi nhit thp hn nhit im si 5C hoc 200C, chn nhit thp hn;
h. Phn tch sai s o;
i. Biu nng dp tt/lu lng khng kh v nng cht cha chy lc dp tt la i
vi cc th nghim theo B.5.9 n B.5.11 v B.6.10 n B.6.12.
a) Chn nung v bnh cha nhin liu th

1. Kch nng chnh mc
2. Lu lng k kiu phao
3. Khng kh
4. Cht cha chy
b) Cc chi tit ca chn nung

5. Dy nung nng gia thnh trong v ngoi
6. ng nhit ngu
7. u ni ca b nung
Hnh B.1: Thit b chn nung

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Ph lc C (Quy nh)
QUY TRNH TH DP TT M CHY/PH DIN TCH M CHY

CHO CC THIT B CHA CHY C THIT K V THIT K S B
C.1. Yu cu
C.1.1. H thng cha chy c thit k hoc thit k s b phi ha trn v phn phi cht
cha chy v phi lm trn ngp ton b mt khu vc c bo v kn khi c th theo
phng php th ny trong cc gii hn thit k ti a v cc hot ng lp t cht ch nht
(xem C.1.2).
C.1.2. Khi c th theo quy nh trong C.5, C.6.2 v C.6.3, mt h thng thit b cha chy
phi dp c tt c cc ngn la nhn thy c trong 30 giy sau khi kt thc vic phun cht
cha chy. Khi c th theo quy nh trong C.6.1, mt h thng thit b cha chy phi ngn
nga c s chy li ca ci g sau khong thi gian ph cht cha chy 10 pht.
C.2. Kiu th
Cc th nghim c m t di y quan tm n vic s dng v cc gii hn ca h thng
thit b cha chy v cc yu cu sau:
a. S ph din tch m chy i vi mi kiu u phun;
b. Phm vi nhit lm vic ca h thng;
c. V tr ca cc u phun trong khu vc c bo v, u phun c dng trong cc th
nghim ny khng c phun cht cha chy trc tip vo m chy th;
d. Chiu di ln nht v c kch thc ng ng, v s lng cc ph tng ng ng cho
mi u phun, hoc p sut nh nht ca u phun;
e. Thi gian phun ln nht;
f. T trng np ln nht; v:
g. Nng dp tt i vi cc nhin liu c bit.
Cc th nghim c tin hnh cho trong Bng C.1.
Bng C.1. Cc th nghim c tin hnh
i tng th
Kch thc cu kin bao che
cao nh nht ca Thch hp vi u phun

u phun/din tch
ln nht
Chiu cao ln nht 100m3
ca u phun/nng Khng c cnh no nh hn 4m.
dp tt
Chiu cao thch hp vi u
phun (khng nh hn 3.5m)
m chy th
Cc can cha heptan th
iu
C.5
a. Ci g
b. Khay cha heptan
c. Can cha heptan th
Ch thich: Tt c cc th nghim nn c tin hnh vi cng mt kiu v loi u phun.

C.3. H thng cha chy
C.3.1. H thng cha chy phi c lp t nh sau:
a. H thng thit b cha chy phi c thit k s b s dng cc gii hn ln nht ca
ng ng v s lng cc ph tng ng ng v chiu di ng ng ti cc u phun
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v hnh dng ca u phun nh quy nh trong thit k v hot ng lp t ca nh sn

xut.
b. H thng thit b cha chy c thit k, s dng mt thit b ng ng dn p sut thit
k nh nht ca u phun 202C.
C.3.2. Tr cc th nghim dp tt i vi cc khay cha heptan v ci g, cc bnh cha cht
cha chy phi c iu ha ti nhit lm vic nh nht c quy nh trong hng dn
lp t ca nh sn xut.
C.3.3. i vi cc th nghim dp tt khay cha heptan v ci g, cc bnh cha cht cha
chy c n nhit 202C trong thi gian ti thiu l 16h trc khi tin hnh th nghim.
Trong cc th nghim ny, nng lng phun t cc vi phun khng c thc y s pht trin
ca m chy.
C.3.4. H thng cha chy phi c b tr v xc nh kch thc c lin quan n cc yu cu
sau:
a. i vi cc cht cha chy ha lng, thi gian phun ca pha kh trc lng cng vi dng
hai pha phi t 8 n 10 giy.
b. i vi cc cht cha chy khng ha lng, thi gian phun phi t 50 n 60 giy.
C.4. Nng dp tt
C.4.1. Nng dp tt cho mi th nghim phi l 76,92% (ngha l 100 chia cho h s an
ton, y h s an ton l 1,3) ca nng thit k cho s dng c quy nh trong thit k
v hng dn lp t ca nh sn xut nhit mi trng xp x 20C bn trong cu kin
bao che. Nng bn trong cu kin bao che i vi tt c cc cht cha chy phi c tnh
ton khi s dng phng trnh (1) v (2) trong 7.6. Nu c s r r ng k ca cu kin bao
che th th cng thc dng xc nh nng cht cha chy ca cu kin bao che th c th
c sa i do lng r r o c.
C.4.2. Th phun ngui khu dng cng mt lng cht cha chy phi c tin hnh kim
tra nng thc ca cht cha chy.
C.5. Th cao nh nht ca u phun/din tch ph ln nht
C.5.1. Thit b th
C.5.1.1. Cu trc
Thit b th phi p ng cc yu cu sau:
a. Din tch (ab) v cao (H) ca cu kin bao che (xem Hnh C.1) phi ph hp vi s
ph (qut) din tch ln nht ca u phun v cao nh nht ca u phun do nh sn
xut quy nh;
b. Phi c lm bng vt liu thch hp, nu l g dn th phi c chiu dy ti thiu l
9,5mm;
c. Phi c trang b phng tin gim p sut;
d. Phi c cc l c th ng kn c ngay trn cc can th cho php thng gi trc khi
cho h thng hot ng.
e. Phi lp t vch ngn gia sn (a, b) v trn. trung im ca khong cch gia v tr u
phun v cc vch ca cu kin bao che. Vch ngn phi vung gc vi hng phun ca cc
u phun v phi bng 20% chiu di hoc chiu rng ca cu kin bao che, chn kch
thc no thch hp vi v tr u phun.
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1. Hp th
3. Vch ngn
2. Vi phun
4. L c th ng kn
H l cao nh nht ca u phun do nh sn xut quy nh cho u phun
a b l din tch (qut) ln nht ca u phun i vi mt u phun n
Hnh C.1: V d v s b tr th nghim cao nh nht

ca u phun/din tch ln nht
C.5.1.2. S trang b dng c o kim
C.5.1.2.1. Nng oxy
Mc oxy phi c o bng my phn tch oxy hiu chun c kh nng o oxy theo phn
trm ti thiu l 0,1%. Dng c cm bin phi c kh nng gim st lin tc v ghi li nng
oxy bn trong cu kin bao che trong sut qu trnh th. Ti thiu phi b tr ba cm bin bn
trong cu kin bao che (xem Hnh C.2 v C.3).
Ba cm bin phi c b tr cch tm ca phng th t 850mm n 1250mm theo phng
nm ngang v cc cao so vi mt sn nh sau: 0,1H; 0,5H v 0,9H (H l chiu cao ca
tng bao).
C.5.1.2.2. Nng cacbon dioxit v kh cha chy
Ngoi nng oxy, cng nn gim st nng CO2 v nng kh cha chy (dp tt).
chnh xc ca cc dng c o khng c b nh hng bi cc sn phm m chy.
C.5.1.2.3. p sut ca u phun
p sut ca u phun trong qu trnh phun ca h thng cha chy phi c ghi li.
C.5.1.2.4. Nhit bn trong cu kin bao che
Ti thiu phi ghi li nhit v tr cch tm phng th t 850mm n 1250mm theo phng
nm ngang v cc cao so vi mt sn nh sau: 0,1H; 0,5H v 0,9H (H l chiu cao ca
tng bao). Nn s dng nhit ngu kiu K (Ni CrNi) c ng kn 1mm.
Nn quan st qu trnh dp tt m chy bng my quay camera hng ngoi.
C.5.1.2.5. Nhit gn u phun
i vi cc cht cha chy ha lng, nhit pha trc cch u phun t 10mm n 30mm
bn trong u phun phi c ghi thm vo.
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Kch thc tnh bng milimt
Hnh C.2: Hnh chiu trn mt bng v b tr dng c o

cho th nghim cao nh nht ca u phun/din tch ph nh nht
Cc im o
M1 ghi nng oxy
M2 ghi nng oxy v nhit
M3 ghi nng oxy
Hnh C.3: Hnh chiu cnh v b tr dng c o

cho th nghim cao nh nht ca u phun/din tch ph nh nht
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C.5.2. c tnh k thut ca nhin liu

C.5.2.1. Can th
Cc can th phi l hnh tr trn c ng knh t 766,2mm n 88,9mm v chiu cao ti thiu
l 100mm.
C.5.2.2. Heptan
Heptan phi l loi thng phm, c cc c tnh sau:
a. Chng ct
1) im bt u si
90C;
2) 50%
93C;
3) im kh
96,5C;
b. Trng lng ring (15,6C/15,6C)
0,719
c. p sut hi Reid
2,0psi
d. Ch s octan nghin cu
60
e. Ch s octan mt
50
C.5.2.3. Hnh dng v b tr m chy
C.5.2.3.1. Cc can th c th cha heptan hoc heptan v nc. Nu cc can th cha heptan v
nc, heptan phi c chiu su ti thiu l 50mm. Mc heptan trong cc can th ti thiu phi
cch np can 50mm.
C.5.2.3.2. Cc can th phi c lp t trong phm vi 50mm cc gc ca cu kin bao che
th, ngay pha sau vch ngn (xem C.5.1.1) v c b tr theo phng thng ng cch nh
hoc y cu kin bao che khong 300mm nu cu kin bao che cho php nh vy.
C.5.3. Quy trnh th
C.5.3.1. Trc khi bt u th nghim, phi phn tch thnh phn ca kh cha chy.
C.5.3.2. Cc can th cha y heptan phi c t chy v cho php chy trong 30 giy vi
cc l thng hi c th ng kn c pha trn nh can th v tr t m.
C.5.3.3. Sau 30 giy, tt c cc l thng hi phi c ng kn v h thng cha chy phi
c vn hnh bng tay. Ti lc vn hnh h thng, lng oxy bn trong cu kin bao che
khng c ln hn nng bnh thng ca oxy trong kh quyn tr i 0,5%. Trong qu trnh
th, nng oxy khng c thay i ln hn 1,5% do cc sn phm ca m chy. S thay
i ny phi c xc nh bng cch so snh nng oxy tnh ton t nng cht cha chy
vi nng oxy o c.
C.6. Th nghim ph cao ln nht ca u phun
C.6.1. Th ci g
C.6.1.1. Thit b th
C.6.1.1.1. Cu trc
Cu kin bao che phi p ng yu cu sau:
a. Cu kin bao che th phi c th tch nh nht l 100m3. Chiu cao ti thiu phi l 3,5m.
Cc kch thc ca sn ti thiu l: chiu rng 4m, chiu di 4m.
b. Cu kin bao che th phi c chiu cao trn ln nht nh quy nh trong hng dn lp t
ca nh sn xut.
c. Phi c kt cu g dn bn trong hoc bn ngoi, chiu dy nh nht 9,5mm, hoc vt
liu tng ng.
d. Phi c trang b phng tin gim p sut.
C.6.1.1.2. Trang b dng c o kim
C.6.1.1.2.1. Nng oxy
Nng oxy phi c o bng my phn tch oxy hiu chun c kh nng o oxy theo
phn trm ti mc ti thiu l 0,1%. Dng c cm bin phi c kh nng gim st lin tc v
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ghi li nng oxy bn trong cu kin bao che trong sut qu trnh th. Ti thiu phi b tr ba
cm bin bn trong cu kin bao che (xem cc hnh C.4 v C.5).
Mt cm bin phi c b tr chiu cao tng ng vi nh ca vt th tnh t sn v cch
vt th th 0,6 n 1m. Hai cm bin kia phi c b tr cao 0,1H v 0,9H (H l chiu
cao ca cu kin bao che) (xem cc hnh C.4 v C.5).
C.6.1.1.2.2. Cc nng cacbon dioxit v kh cha chy
Ngoi cc nng oxy, cng nn gim st nng CO2 v nng kh cha chy. chnh
xc ca cc dng c o khng c b nh hng bi cc sn phm chy.
C.6.1.1.2.3. p sut ca u phun
p sut ca u phun trong qu trnh phun ca h thng cha chy phi c ghi li.
C.6.1.1.2.4. Nhit bn trong cu kin bao che
Hai cm bin nhit phi c b tr theo chiu cao phng th, mt cch nh ca vt th
100m, mt cch sn 0,9H (H l chiu cao phng th) v cm bin th bai c b tr chiu
cao tng ng vi nh ca vt th; theo chiu nm ngang, cc cm bin nhit phi c
b tr cch vt th t 0,6 n 1m (xem cc hnh C.4 v C.5).
Nu s dng nhit ngu kiu K (Ni CrNi) c ng knh 1mm, nn quan st qu trnh dp tt
m chy bng my quay camera hng ngoi.
C.6.1.1.2.5. Nhit gn u phun
i vi cc cht cha chy ha lng, nng bn trong u phun v pha trc, cch u
phun t 10mm n 30mm phi c ghi thm vo.
Hnh C.4: Hnh chiu trn mt bng v b tr dng c o cho th nghim

nng dp tt cao ln nht ca u phun
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Ch dn
1- Vt th
Cc im o
M1 ghi nng oxy
M2 ghi nng oxy v nhit
M3 ghi nng oxy
M4 ghi nhit
M5 ghi nhit
Hnh C.5: Hnh chiu cnh v b tr dng c o cho th nghim

nng dp tt cao ln nht ca u phun
C.6.1.2. c tnh k thut ca nhin liu
C.6.1.2.1. Nhin liu t chy ci
t chy ci bng cch t chy heptan loi thng phm (c quy nh trong C.5.2.2) trn
mt lp nc 12,5l trong mt khay vung bng thp din tch 0,25m2, chiu cao khng nh hn
100mm v chiu dy thnh 6mm (c quy nh trong C.6.2.2.2).
C.6.1.2.2. Hnh dng v s b tr m chy
C.6.1.2.2.1. Ci g phi bao gm 4 lp, mi lp c su thanh g vn sam c kch thc
40mm450mm, m t 9% n 13%. Cc thanh g gia hai lp lin tip c xp t to
thnh vi nhau cc gc vung. Cc thanh g trong mi lp c t cch u nhau v cc thanh
ngoi cng to thnh hnh vung c cnh l chiu di ca thanh g. ng inh hoc inh kp
cc thanh g vi nhau to thnh cc mt ngoi ca ci.
C.6.1.2.2.2. Ci c t chy trc bn ngoi cu kin bao che trn mt gi ci pha trn
cch khay cha nhin liu t chy 300mm. Sau thi gian t chy trc, ci phi c di
chuyn vo bn trong cu kin bao che v c b tr trn gi ci, cch sn 600mm v
trung tm pha bn trong cu kin bao che.
C.6.1.3. Quy trnh th
C.6.1.3.1. Vn hnh
C.6.1.3.1.1. Trc khi bt u cc th nghim, phi phn tch thnh phn ca kh cha chy.
C.6.1.3.1.2. t ci vi y ci gia, pha trn v cch nh khay t khong 300mm trn
mt gi th c kt cu sao cho y ci c phi ra mi trng khng kh. Vic t chy trc
phi c thc hin bn ngoi cu kin bao che, nu c th, trong mt phng rng (ti
thiu phi bng 5 ln th tch ca cu kin bao che th). Trong bt k trng hp no, vic t
chy trc cng khng c b nh hng ca iu kin thi tit nh ma, gi, nng v.v... Tc
gi ln nht vng gn m chy phi l 3m/s. Nu cn c th s dng phng tin thch
hp chn gi. Ghi li cc iu kin v thi tit bao gm v tr t chy trc, nhit khng
kh, m v tc gi.
C.6.1.3.1.3. t chy heptan v cho php ci chy t do. 1,5l heptan s cho thi gian chy xp
x 3 pht. Sau khi heptan chy ht, ci phi c php chy t do trong thi gian b sung thm
3 pht v tng thi gian t chy trc bn ngoi cu kin bao che l 6 pht (10 giy).
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C.6.1.3.1.4. Ngay trc khi kt thc giai on t chy trc, di chuyn ci vo bn trong cu
kin bao che th v t ci trn mt gi sao cho y ci bn trn v cch sn 600mm. Bt
kn cu kin bao che v vn hnh h thng cha chy. Thi gian cn cho nh v ci ang chy
bn trong cu kin bao che v vn hnh phun h thng cha chy khng c vt qu 15 giy.
C.6.1.3.1.5. Lc vn hnh h thng cha chy, lng oxy bn trong cu kin bao che cao
ca ci khng c ln hn nng bnh thng ca oxy trong kh quyn tr i 0,5%. Trong
qu trnh th, nng oxy khng c thay i ln hn 1,5% do nh hng ca cc sn phm
m chy. S thay i ny phi c xc nh bng cch so snh nng oxy tnh ton t nng
cht cha chy vi nng oxy o c.
C.6.1.3.1.6. Sau khi kt thc vic phun ca h thng cha chy, cu kin bao che phi c gi
trn thi bt kn trong sut thi gian 10 pht. Sau thi gian 10 pht tr cht cha chy, di
chuyn ci ra khi cu kin bao che v quan st xc nh du hiu ca s chy li v xc
nh rng nhin liu duy tr s t chy. Phi ghi li cc yu cu sau:
a. S hin din v v tr ca than hng;
b. Than hng hoc ci c chy li hay khng; v:
c. Khi lng ca ci sau khi th.
C.6.1.3.1.7. Nu cn thit, b sung thm nng cht cha chy v lp li chng trnh th
nghim ti khi t c ba ln lin tip dp tt m chy thnh cng.
C.6.1.3.2. Ghi cc kt qu
Sau giai on t chy trc theo yu cu, ghi li cc d liu sau cho mi th nghim:
a. Thi gian phun ca cht cha chy c tnh ton, ngha l thi gian cn thit t ti
95% nng cht cha chy trong phng th nghim, tnh bng giy;
b. Thi gian x c hiu qu, ngha l, i vi cc cht cha chy ha lng l thi gian ca pha
kh trc lng cng vi thi gian ca dng hai pha; i vi cc cht cha chy khng ha
lng l thi gian t lc m van bnh cha ti khi ngng phun;
c. Thi gian yu cu kim sot m chy hoc t c s dp tt, tnh bng giy.
d. Tng khi lng cht cha chy c phun vo bn trong cu kin bao che th;
e. Thi gian ngm cht cha chy (thi gian t lc kt thc vic phun ca h thng cha chy
ti khi m cu kin bao che th);
f. Profin nhit ca ci g khi u tin s dng my quay camera hng ngoi.
C.6.1.3.3. Xc nh nng thit k ca cht cha chy
Nng cht cha chy th nghim l nng t c khi dp tt hon ton m chy vi ba
ln th lin tip. Nng thit k l nng th nghim nhn vi mt h s an ton thch hp.
C.6.2. Khay cha heptan th
C.6.2.1. Thit b th
C.6.2.1.1. Cu trc
Cu trc ca cu kin bao che phi theo quy nh trong C.6.1.1.1.
C.6.2.1.2. S trang b dng c o kim
S trang b dng c o kim cho cu kin bao che phi theo quy nh trong C.6.1.1.2.
C.6.2.2.1. Heptan
Heptan phi l loi heptan thng phm nh quy nh trong C.5.2.2.
C.6.2.2.2. Hnh dng v b ch m chy
m chy phi trong mt khay thp vung c din tch y 0,25m2, chiu cao 200mm v
chiu dy thnh 6mm. Khay th phi cha c mc heptan cao 50mm v mc heptan
cch (np) khay 50mm, ngha l phi cha c 12,5l heptan. Khay thp phi c b tr
trung tm ca cu kin bao che th vi y khay pha trn v cch sn cu kin bao che th
600mm.
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C.6.2.3.1. Vn hnh
Trc khi bt u cc th nghim phi phn tch thnh phn ca kh cha chy.
t chy heptan v cho php heptan chy trong 30 giy. Sau 30 giy, tt c cc l thng hi
phi c ng kn v h thng cha chy phi c vn hnh bng tay. Ti lc vn hnh h
thng, lng oxy bn trong cu kin bao che khng c ln hn nng bnh thng ca oxy
trong kh quyn tr i 0,5%. Trong qu trnh th, nng oxy khng c thay i ln hn
1,5% do cc sn phm ca m chy. S thay i ny phi c xc nh bng cch so snh
nng oxy tnh ton t nng cht cha chy vi nng oxy o c.
C.6.2.3.2. Ghi li cc kt qu
Cc kt qu phi c ghi li theo quy nh trong C.6.1.3.2, tr cc iu e v f.
C.6.2.3. Xc nh nng thit k ca cht cha chy
Xc nh nng thit k ca cht cha chy phi theo quy nh trong C.6.1.3.3.
C.6.3. Can cha heptan th
C.6.3.1. Thit b th
C.6.3.1.1. Cu trc
Cu trc ca cu kin bao cheo phi theo quy nh trong C.6.1.1.1.
C.6.3.1.2. S trang b dng c o kim
S trang b dng c o kim ca cu kin bao che phi theo quy nh trong C.6.1.1.2.
C.6.3.2.1. Heptan
Heptan phi l loi heptan thng phm nh quy nh trong C.5.2.2.
C.6.3.2.2. Cu trc v s b tr m chy
c tnh k thut ca cc bnh th c quy nh trong C.5.2.1. Cc yu cu v y bnh th
v b tr bnh th bn trong cu kin bao che c quy nh trong C.5.2.3.
C.6.3.3.1. Vn hnh
Trc khi bt u cc th nghim phi phn tch thnh phn ca kh cha chy.
t chy heptan v cho php heptan chy trong 30 giy. Sau 30 giy, tt c cc l thng hi
phi c ng kn v h thng cha chy phi c vn hnh bng tay. Ti lc vn hnh h
thng, lng oxy bn trong cu kin bao che khng c ln hn nng bnh thng ca oxy
trong kh quyn tr i 0,5%. Trong qu trnh th, nng oxy khng c thay i ln hn
1,5% do cc sn phm ca m chy. S thay i ny phi c xc nh bng cch so snh
nng oxy tnh ton t nng cht cha chy vi nng oxy o c.
C.6.3.3.2. Ghi li cc kt qu
Cc kt qu phi c ghi li theo quy nh trong C.6.1.3.2, tr cc iu e v f.
C.6.3.4. Yu cu ca th nghim
Nng cht cha chy th nghim l nng t c khi dp tt hon ton m chy (tt c
cc can th c dp tt trong 30 giy sau khi kt thc phun cht cha chy) vi ba ln th lin
tip. Nng thit k l nng th nghim nhn vi mt h s an ton thch hp.
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TIU CHUN VIT NAM
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Ph lc D (Quy nh)
PHNG PHP NH GI NNG TR
CA HI DP TT M CHY
D.1. Phm vi p dng
Ph lc ny quy nh phng php xc nh nng tr hoc nng c ch ca cht cha
chy da trn cc s liu ca biu kh nng chy ca h thng ba yu t (nhin liu, cht
cha chy, khng kh).
D.2. Nguyn l
Hn hp nhin liu/cht cha chy/khng kh p sut 1at (1bar hoc 14,7psi) c t chy
bng tia la h quang v o s tng ln ca p sut.
D.3. Thit b
D.3.1. Bnh th hnh cu c dung tch 7,90,25l, vi ng dn kh vo l thng hi, nhit
ngu v b chuyn i p sut theo quy nh trn Hnh D.1.
D.3.2. B nh la c in tr thng thng l 1, bao gm 4 thanh graphit (ch ca bt ch H)
c gi vi nhau bng hai dy buc dn in mt u mt, khe h gia hai dy buc xp x
3mm.
D.3.3. Cc t in gm 2 chic 525mF, 450V c mc ni tip vi b nh la.
D.3.4. Qut ha trn trong thch hp chu c nhit v s qu p ca mt v n.
D.4. Quy trnh
D.4.1. Bnh hnh cu v cc b phn nn nhit bnh thng trong phng (223C). Ghi
li bt k s thay i nhit no ngoi phm vi ny.
D.4.2. Ni b chuyn i p sut vi mt kh c ghi o tng p sut trong bnh th ti gi
tr xp x 70Pa.
D.4.3. To chn khng cho bnh th
D.4.4. Tip nhn cht cha chy n nng quy nh bng phng php p sut ring v nu
l cht lng, cho php c thi gian bay hi.
D.4.5. Tip nhn hi nhin liu v khng kh ( m tng i 505%) ti nng yu cu
bng phng php p sut ring phn ti khi p sut trong bnh l 1at (1bar hoc 14,7psi).
D.4.6. Bt qut v cho php ha trn trong 1 pht. Tt qut v i 1 pht hn hp t ti
iu kin yn tnh.
D.4.7. Np cc t in c in th t 720V n 740V (mt chiu) v to ra nng lng d
tr t 68J n 70J.
D.4.8. ng cng tc v phng in cc t in
Ch thch: T in phng dng in dn n s ion ha b mt thanh graphit to ra tia la
phng qua khe h phng in.
D.4.9. o v ghi li tng p, nu c.
D.4.10. Lm sch bn trong bnh th bng nc ct v khn lau vi trnh ti thnh cn.
D.4.11. Gi li t l nhin liu/khng kh v lp li th nghim khi dng cc lng cht cha
chy khc nhau ti khi t c iu kin tng p sut bng 0,07 ln p sut ban u.
Ch thch: nh ngha v ranh gii d chy c hiu l s hp thnh to ra tng p sut
0,07 ln p sut ban u hoc 1psi khi p sut ban u l 1at (1bar hoc 14,7psi).
D.4.12. Lp li th nghim khi lm thay i t l nhin liu/khng kh v nng cht cha
chy to ra nng hi cht cha chy cao nht cn thit lm tr hn hp.
D.5. Nng tr
Nng tr l nng c to ra trong cc bc D.4.12.
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1- L c vch ngn
2- L dn kh vo
3- Bnh th, 7,9l
4- B nh la
5- L thng hi
6- Chn khng
7- p k
8- Khoang th
Hnh D.1: Thit b lm tr
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Ph lc E (Quy nh)
TH QUT CA XC NH THI GIAN
DUY TR NH NHT
E.1. Phm vi p dng
Ph lc ny bao hm cc thng tin xc minh s nguyn vn ca cc phng v cu kin bao
che duy tr nng cht cha chy trong khong thi gian thch hp. Ph lc bao gm cc
ni dung chi tit ca cc phng php th.
E.2. Th xc nh thi gian duy tr nh nht d on trc
E.2.1. Th nguyn l
B tr tm thi mt qut ti ca vo tng gim p sut ca khu vc bo v. Thc hin mt
lot cc php o p sut v lu lng khng kh v t xc lp cc c tnh r r ca cu kin
bao che.
Thi gian duy tr d on trc c tnh ton khi s dng cc c tnh r r ny da trn cc
gi thit sau:
a. S r r xy ra trong cc iu kin xu nht, ngha l khi mt na din tch r r thc l
chiu cao ln nht ca cu kin bao che biu th s r r bn trong ca khng kh, v na
kia (din tch r r di thp) ca tng din tch r r bn ngoi ca cht cha chy/khng
kh.
b. Tt c dng r r l theo 1 chiu, ngha l b qua cc phng trnh dng chy.
c. Dng chy i qua mt din tch ring no l i vo hoc i ra khi cu kin bao che v
i vo hoc i ra t mt khng gian rng v hn.
d. H thng th chiu cao ca mc nc bin, nhit 20C v p sut kh quyn
1013bar tuyt i.
E.2.2. Thit b
E.2.2.1. Thit b qut bao gm mt khung s c lp vo trong cu kin bao che v bt kn ca
vo cu kin bao che, mt hoc nhiu qut c tc thy i c, vi cc qut c lu lng
thp phi c kh nng to ra chnh p khng nh hn 25Pa i qua ranh gii ca cu kin bao
che.
E.2.2.2. Hai dng c o p sut, mt o chnh p ca cu kin bao che v mt o p sut
ca dng kh qut.
E.2.2.3. ng ng mm, ni cc dng c o p sut.
E.2.2.4. Thit b pht khi than ch v/hoc khi bng phng php ha hc.
E.2.2.5. Hai nhit k o nhit mi trng.
E.2.2.6. Cc tn hiu KHNG C M - ANG TH P SUT v KHNG C
NG KN ANG TH P SUT.
Ch thch: C th cn n cc trang b b sung nh thc dy, m hn, thang, dng c tho
sn v ngi trn, my tnh hoc cc thit b tnh ton khc.
E.2.3. Hiu chun thit b
E.2.3.1. Thit b qut
Hiu chun thit b qut cc khong thi gian v theo phng php do nh sn xut ngh.
Lu gi cc ghi chp v khi thch thch hp, cn lu tr cc giy chng nhn hiu chun. S
dng lu lng k c chnh xc ti 5% v dng c o p sut c chnh xc ti 1Pa.
E.2.3.2. Dng c o p sut
Cc dng c o p sut phi c hiu chun khng vt qu 12 thng trc khi th. Lu gi
cc ghi chp v khi thch thch hp, cn lu tr cc giy chng nhn hiu chun.
Nu s dng p k nghin, phi thay cht lng khng qu 3 thng trc khi th. iu chnh cho
ngang bng v iu chnh im khng c cc p k nghing trc mi th nghim.
E.2.4. Chun b ban u
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E.2.4.1. Nhn bn m t thit b x l khng kh v cc h thng tch chit cht cha chy
trong cc cu kin bao che t ngi s dng.
E.2.4.2. Kim tra cc yu cu sau:
a. Cc sn nng v khong khng gian ca trn gi;
b. Cc r r nhn thy r trong cu kin bao che;
c. Cc ng quay ra bn ngoi cu kin bao che gia tt c cc ch r r v thit b qut.
d. Cc hot ng tri ngc li trong v xung quanh cu kin bao che.
E.2.4.3. Cung cp cc thng tin sau cho ngi s dng
a. Bn m t th nghim;
b. Thi gian hon thnh th nghim;
c. Cn c s tr gip g t i ng cn b k thut v cng nhn ca ngi s dng;
d. Thng tin v vic lm no ng hoc xo trn cho cc ta nh hoc cc cng vic phc v
ta nh trong qu trnh th nghim (v d: tho sn nh hoc ngi trn, ngt (tt) cc h
thng x l khng kh, gi cho cc ca m v/hoc ng).
E.2.5. nh gi cu kin bao che
Nhn hoc chun b bn thit k phc tho ch r cc thnh vch cu kin bao che, v tr ca ca
ra vo v cc ca khc lu thng khng kh trong qu trnh th, v tr ca cc ng dn thm
nhp vo cu kin bao che v cc van trong ng ng dn. Ch ra tnh trng (ngha l c m
hoc ng khi h thng cha chy c phun) ca mi ca ra vo, ca sp v van v ca vo
no c s dng cho thit b qut.
Ch ra v tr ca sn v rnh thi nc.
E.2.6. o cu kin bao che
o th tch cu kin bao che bo v khi cn v ghi li cc s liu sau:
a. Chiu cao ton b cu kin bao che bo v, H0;
b. Chiu cao cao nht ca s c chy trong cu kin bao che, H;
c. Th tch th ca cu kin bao che bo v, Vg;
E.2.7. Quy trnh th
E.2.7.1. Chun b cho th
E.2.7.1.1. Thng bo cho cc gim st vin trong khu vc th.
E.2.7.1.2. Tho b cc loi giy hoc cc vt tng t b xo ln do dng xoy pht ra t qut.
E.2.7.1.3. Chn cc ca ra vo cho c ch h bn ngoi v bao cu kin bao che cung cp
ng quay v cho khng kh gia cc thit b qut v cc ch r r ca cu kin bao che,
trong khi hiu chnh cc yu cu ca thit b, bao gm c cc yu cu v an ton, phng chy v
cc ranh gii v mi trng.
E.2.7.1.4. S dng bn thit k phc tho (xem E.2.5), chnh t tt c cc thit b x l khng
kh v cc h thng tch chit cht cha chy t ti trng thi nh khi phun h thng cha
chy, tr cc trng hp sau:
a. Thit b x l khng kh tun hon khng c s b p khng kh sch, khng lm thay i
p sut qua ranh gii ca cu kin bao che hoc khng ngn cn th nghim t c
chnh xc yu cu v c ngt (tt) vo lc phun cht cha chy, c th vn hot ng
trong qu trnh th nu yu cu ny l cn thit trnh tng nhit trong thit b nh cc
my tnh v
b. Thit b x l khng kh tun hon tip tc hot ng lc phun cht cha chy nn c
ngng li nu n lm cho p sut tng ln qu mc.
E.2.7.1.5. Ghi cc tn hiu thch hp trn cc ca ra vo (xem E.2.2.6).
E.2.7.1.6. M cc ca ra vo v tho sn hoc cc mi trn nh trong cc phn v cu kin bao
che c bo v bng cht cha chy sao cho th tch c bo v bng cht cha chy c
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x l nh l mt khng gian khng tho cc ngi trn gi nu th tch pha trn trn gi khng
c bo v bng cht cha chy.
E.2.7.1.7. ng kn tt c cc ca ra vo v ca s trong v cu kin bao che.
E.2.7.1.8. Kim tra m bo rng cc b phn gom cht lng trong sn v cc vnh thi c
lm kn bng cht lng.
E.2.7.2. t thit b qut
E.2.7.2.1. t thit b qut mt ca vo dn t cu kin bo v vo trong th tch ln nht ca
khng gian ta nh, ni s c b sung dng khng kh t qut i qua cu kin bao che, cc
ch r r v khng gian ta nh ri tr v qut.
E.2.7.2.2. Thi nh hoc ht t ng ng mm sao cho cc s ch th ca dng c o p sut i
ngang qua ton thang o. Gi s ch th ln nht trong thi gian khng nh hn 10 giy.
Ct gim p sut v a dng c v s 0 (zero).
E.2.7.2.3. Ni dng c o chnh lch p sut ca cu kin bao che. Bo m rng cc u
mt h ca ng mm gn thit b qut nn xa dng khng kh ca thit b qut v cc dng
khng kh khc c th nh hng ti cc s ch th (c) ca dng c o.
E.2.7.2.4. S dng qut tng hoc gim p sut ca cu kin bao che xp x 15Pa. Kim tra
tt c cc van bng khi v m bo rng chng c ng kn hon ton. Kim tra cc ca ra
vo v cc ca sp v m bo rng cc ca ny c ng kn. Kim tra cc ch r r xung
quanh cc thnh vch (pha trn v pha di sn gi) v tm sn, ghi li kch thc v v tr
ca nhng ch r r ny.
E.2.7.3. chnh p sut
E.2.7.3.1. Bt kn ng vo hoc ng ra ca thit b qut v khng cho qut hot ng, quan
st dng c o chnh p sut trong thi gian ti thiu l 30 giy.
E.2.7.3.2. Nu chnh lch p sut c ch th, s dng khi pht hin dng khng kh
sinh ra v hng ca dng khng kh ny. Nu khn g nh c c chnh p sut th ghi li
s ch th chnh p sut (Pa) ca dng c o.
E.2.7.3.3. Nu cu kin bao che c kch thc ln hoc chnh p sut ln gy ra bi gi
hoc nh hng ca vt cn cht ng cn lp li php o mt hoc nhiu ca vo khc nhau.
Ghi li tt c cc gi tr o c v s dng gi tr dng ln nht (hoc nu ch ghi c cc
gi tr m s dng gi tr gn vi s 0 nht) l chnh lch p sut.
chnh p sut thp bng 0,5Pa c th nh hng ti chnh xc ca kt qu th. Nu
chnh p sut c gi tr bng s ln hn 25% p sut cha chy/ct khng kh th thi gian duy
tr thp v cu kin bao che khng th gi c nng quy nh ca cht cha chy. Nn
nhn bit ngun gc ca chnh p sut qu ln v nu c th, nn thng xuyn gim
chnh p ny.
Trong trng hp c s dao ng ca cc gi tr chnh p (do nh hng ca gi) th khng
th t c chnh xc tng quan cn thit trong cc kt qu th qut. Cc p sut dao
ng ny cn c loi tr trc khi thc hin php th qut chnh xc.
E.2.7.4. o mc r r
E.2.7.4.1. o nhit khng kh bn trong cu kin bao che Te v o nhit khng kh bn
ngoi cu kin bao che T0 vi thi im. Nu khng bit v tr ca cc ch r r th s dng
gi tr trung bnh; mt khc, s dng gi tr trung bnh c x l theo v tr bit ca cc ch
r r.
E.2.7.4.2. Khng bt kn ng vo hoc ra ca qut v ni dng c o p sut ca qut.
E.2.7.4.3. S dng thit b qut gim p sut cu kin bao che ti mc ln nht, nhng
khng ln hn 60Pa. Cho php s ch th o chnh p sut ca cu kin bao che n nh
(chim khong thi gian 30 giy) v ghi gi tr ( P1 + Pb ) , gi tr ny s m. Lp li khng t hn
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4 gi tr lu lng ca thit b qut c c 5 s ch th cch u nhau mt khong ln hn

hoc nh hn 10Pa.
E.2.7.4.4. S dng thit b qut tng p bn trong cu kin bao che v lp li quy trnh.
E.2.7.4.5. Ghi li gi tr ( P1 + Pb ) , gi tr ny l dng.
E.2.8. Tnh ton
E.2.8.1. Cc k hiu
Ae
Din tch r r c hiu qu
Din tch r r thc di thp bn di chiu cao H
Af
Tng din tch r r thc
At
Nng thit k ca cht cha chy trong khng kh i vi cu
C
kin bao che
Nng nh nht ca cht cha chy trong khng kh i vi
Cmin cu kin bao che
Phn r r di thp din tch thc ca cc ch r r di thp
F
chia cho din tch thc ca tt c cc ch r r
(m2)
(m2)
(m2)
(%)
(%)
(khng th nguyn)
(m s )
gn
Gia tc trng trng (=9,81)
H
H0
K0
Chiu cao s c chy cao nht

Chiu cao ca ton b cu kin bao che
H s x ca din tch r r thc (=0,61 n 1,0)
k1
c tnh r r (xem phng trnh E.8)
k2
Hng s tng quan (xem phng trnh E.9)
k3
Hng s n gin ha (xem phng trnh E.10)
k4
Hng s n gin ha (xem phng trnh E.11)
n
t
c tnh r r (xem phng trnh E.7)

chnh p sut c to bi qut
(Pa)
p sut cha chy/ct khng kh
(Pa)
chnh p
(Pa)
Lu lng khng kh
Qt
Lu lng khng kh o c qua qut
Ql
Lu lng khng kh, nhit c hiu chnh
Qlm
Gi tr trung bnh ca Q1 Pf = Pm
Qlm/2
Gi tr trung bnh ca Ql Pf = 1 2 Pm
T0
t
Vg
(m)
(m)
(khng th nguyn)
3
m
n
( sPa )
kg n .m3(1 n )
n
( sPa )
(m s )
2
( Pa.m kg )
3
(khng th nguyn)
(m s )
(m s )
(m s )
(m s )
(m s )
3
Nhit khng kh bn ngoi cu kin bao che

Thi gian duy tr nh nht d on
Th tch th ca cu kin bao che
45
(C)
(s)
(m3)
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a
TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000
Khi lng ring ca khng kh (1,205 20C v 1,013bar)
mi
Mt hn hp cht cha chy/khng kh ti 80% nng thit

k nh nht 20C v p sut kh quyn 1,013bar
Mt hn hp cht cha chy/khng kh ti nng thit k
nh nht 20C v p sut kh quyn 1,013bar
Mt ca hn hp cht cha chy/khng kh
Mt hn hp cha chy qu nhit
mf
( kg m )
( kg m )
( kg m )
( kg m )
( kg m )
3
E.2.8.2. Lu lng khng kh
T cc gi tr o c ca ( Pf + P b ) , tnh ton cc gi tr ca Pf v tnh ton cc lu lng

khng tng ng Q f i qua qut, khi s dng cc s liu hiu chun ca qut (xem E.2.2.1).
Tnh ton cc lu lng khng kh hiu chnh (E.1) v (E.2) khi thch hp.
i vi trng hp gim p:
T + 273
Ql = Q f 0
(E.1)
Te + 273
i vi trng hp tng p:
T + 273
Ql = Q f e
(E.2)
T0 + 273
i vi mi b cc kt qu (tng p sut v gim p sut), biu th cc kt qu th qut di

dng:
Ql = k1 Pf
(E.3)
v kim tra m bo rng cc h s tng quan ca mi b cc kt qu khng nh hn 0,99

khi dng phng php bnh phng cc tiu. Hai b cc kt qu s hu nh c cc gi tr k1 v
n khc nhau.
E.2.8.3. Mt ca hn hp cht cha chy/khng kh
Tnh ton mt ca hn hp cht cha chy/khng kh 20C v nng thit k khi s
dng phng trnh:
C (100 C )
(E.4)
mi = e + a
100
100
i vi cc cu kin bao che c s ha trn, tnh ton mt ca hn hp cht cha

chy/khng kh 20C v 80% nng thit k nh nht khi s dng phng trnh
( 0,8Cmin ) a (100 0,8Cmin )
(E.5)
mf = e
+
100
100
Tnh ton p sut ca ct khng kh cht cha chy tng ng y cu kin bao che khi s
dng phng trnh sau:
Pm = g n H 0 ( mi a ) (E.6)
E.2.8.4. c tnh r r
Xc nh cc gi tr trung bnh ca cc c tnh r r k1 v n nh sau:
Tnh ton cc gi tr trung bnh (ngha l cc s liu tng p v gim p) ca Qlm v Qlm / 2
n=
ln Qlm ln Qlm / 2
(E.7)
ln 2
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k1 = exp
( ln Qlm )( ln lm ) ( ln Qlm / 2 )( ln m ln 2 )
ln 2
(E.8)
E.2.8.5. Hng s tng quan

Tnh ton hng s tng quan k2 bng phng trnh:
n

k2 = k1 a (E.9)
2
Tnh ton hng s n gin ha k3 bng phng trnh

k3 =
2 g n ( mi a )
1/ n
F
mi + a
1 F
(E.10)
Tnh ton hng s n gin ha k4 bng phng trnh

k4 =
Pb
1/ n
F
mi + a
1 F
(E.11)
E.2.8.6. Thi gian duy tr d on: cu kin bao che khng c s ha trn:
i vi cc cu kin bao che khng c s ha trn, gi s F=0,5 v tnh ton thi gian duy tr
nh nht d on t i vi mt phn cch cht cha chy/khng kh ri ti cao h, khi
dng phng trnh:
( k 3 H 0 + k4 )( ) ( k3 H + k4 )(
t=
.
H0
(1 n ) k2 k3 F
Vg
1 n
1 n )
(E.12)
E.2.8.7. Thi gian duy tr d on: cu kin bao che c s ha trn

i vi cc cu kin bao che c s ha trn, gi s F=0,5 v tnh ton thi gian duy tr nh
nht d on t i vi nng dp tt trong cu kin bao che st gim nng thit k ti
80% nng thit k nh nht (xem 1.2) khi dng phng trnh:
n
t=
Vg
Fk2
mi
mf
2 g H ( n +1) / n + 2 P 1/ n
(
)
(
)
a
b
m
n 0 m
d (E.13)
m
1/ n
m + a
1 F
Gii phng trnh bng phng php gn ng, v d: bng s dng quy tc Simson vi mt s
chn cc khong (khng t hn 20).
E.2.9. Bo co th
Son tho bo co th bao gm cc thng tin sau:
a. Cc c tnh dng r r ca cu kin bao che (ngha l cc gi tr trung bnh ca k1 v n);
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Nng thit k ca cht cha chy;

S lng cc cht cha chy c cung cp;
S lng cc cht cha chy c cung cp;
Chiu cao cu kin bao che;
Chiu cao ca s c chy cao nht;
Thi gian duy tr nh nht d on v trong bt k trng hp no gi tr ny phi theo
(7.8.2.c), ngha l nh hn 10 pht hoc cao hn khi thch hp;
h. Bn thit k phi tho c dng nh gi cu kin bao che nh quy nh trong 7.4;
i. Cc s liu hiu chun thng dng cho thit b qut v cc dng c o p sut, v cc giy
chng nhn tng ng nu c;
j. Cc kt qu th, bao gm bn ghi chp cc s o khi th v cc bn in trn my tnh.
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E.3. X l cc cu kin bao che c thi gian duy tr nh nht d bo nh hn gi tr

cho
E.3.1. Quy nh chung
Nu thi gian duy tr nh nht d on, c tnh ton theo E.2.8.6 hoc E.2.8.7 nh hn gi tr
c gii thiu trong 7.8.2 th E.3.2 v E.3.3 c thc hin theo trnh t.
E.3.2. nh gi din tch r r
minh ha phm vi ca vn , tnh ton din tch r r c hiu qu Ae t phng trnh
n
Ae =
Ql a

= k1 a (E.14)
n
f 2
2
Thng khng th o c Ae hoc k0 (n trong khong t 0,61 n 1,0 ty thuc vo dng

hnh hc ca cc ng r r).
E.3.3. Lm kn c ci thin i vi cu kin bao che
Nn quan tm ti vic ci thin s lm kn i vi cu kin bao che. Nu vic lm kn c ci
thin v thi gian duy tr nh nht d on mi khng nh hn gi tr nh nht cho th
khng cn thit phi lm g thm i vi cu kin bao che.
E.3.4. Xc nh s lng v v tr ca cc ch r r
E.3.4.1. Quy nh chung
Cc ch r r di thp l cc ch r r m hn hp cht cha chy/khng kh s i qua thot
ra khi cu kin bao che; ngc li, cc ch r r trn cao l cc ch r r m qua khng kh
s i vo trong cu kin bao che. i vi mc ch ca vic nh gi ny, cc ch r r di
thp c gi thit l cc ch r r bn di cao ca s c chy cao nht H, cn cc ch r
r trn cao l cc ch r r pha trn cao H.
Php th qut khng ch ra v tr ca cc ch r r hoc gi tr ca phn r r di thp F. Trong
E.2.8.6 v E.2.8.7 gi s rng cc gi tr ca F l 0,5, vi tt c cc ch r r di thp nm
y cu kin bao che v tt c cc ch r r trn cao nm nh cu kin bao che. y l trng
hp xu nht v cho gi tr nh nht ca thi gian duy tr.
Nu mt vi ch r r di thp pha trn y ca cu kin bao che hoc nu mt s ch r r
trn cao pha di nh cu kin bao che th thi gian duy tr cng c nh gi thp nhng
trong trng hp ny khng th dng c phng php ton hc x l.
Thi gian duy tr cng s c nh gi thp nu F khng phi l 0,5 v c th tnh ton c
hiu qu ca vic nh gi ny.
E.3.4.2. S tnh ton th hai v thi gian duy tr
Thc hin s tnh ton th hai v thi gian duy tr khi dng cc phng trnh (E.10), (E.11) v
(E.12) hoc phng trnh (E.13) khi thch hp vi gi thit rng F=0,15. Nu gi tr ny ln
hn gi tr nh nht quy nh (xem 7.8.2.c), thc hin vic nh gi gi tr thc ca F khi dng
mt hoc c hai phng php ca E.3.4.3.
E.3.4.3. Cc phng php nh gi F
E.3.4.3.1. Phng php th nht
Tm thi bt kn cc ch r r bit hoc cn nghi ng nh cc van ln, cc trn treo hoc cc
sn nng bng cch s dng tm cht do v bng dnh, v tin hnh cc th nghim b sung
i vi qut. Tnh ton din tch r r c hiu qu t phng trnh (E.14), so snh vi gi tr ban
u (xem E.3.2) v nh gi F cho iu kin ban u.
E.3.4.3.2. Phng php th hai
Kim tra cu kin bao che mt cch chi tit bng cch dng khi ha hc xc minh rng
khng c cc ch r r ng k di thp v cc ch r r quan trng trn cao, v nh gi F.
E.3.5. Tnh ton ln cui thi gian duy tr
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Vi vic s dng gi tr F c nh gi trong E.3.4.3, gi tr ny khng nn ln hn 0,5 hoc

nh hn 0,15, tnh ton li thi gian duy tr theo cc phng trnh (E.10), (E.11) v (E.12) hoc
phng trnh (E.13) khi thch hp.
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Ph lc F (Tham kho)
KIM TRA TNH NNG CA H THNG CHA CHY
Quy trnh thch hp cho kim tra h thng nh sau:
a. Ba thng mt ln: Th v bo dng cc h thng pht hin v bo dng cc h thng
pht hin v bo ng dng in theo quy nh trong cc tiu chun Vit Nam thch hp.
b. Su thng mt ln: Thc hin cc kim tra v xem xt sau:
1. Xem xt bn ngoi ng ng xc nh tnh trng ca ng ng. Thay th hoc th
p sut v sa cha khi cn thit, ng ng c h hng c kh hoc b n mn;
2. Kim tra chc nng vn hnh bng tay ca tt c cc van iu khin v chc nng vn
hnh t ng ca cc van t ng;
3. Xem xt bn ngoi cc bnh cha pht hin cc du hiu h hng, hoc ci tin
khng c php v h hng cc ng mm ca h thng;
4. Kim tra cc p k ca bao che cht cha chy ca h thng kh ha lng nu c sai s
trong khong 10%, v kh khng ha lng c sai s trong khong 5% so vi p sut np
quy nh. Thay th hoc y thm vi cc bao che c tn tht ln hn quy nh trn.
5. i vi cc kh ha lng, kim tra bng cn hoc s dng dng c ch bo mc cht
lng xc minh dung lng ng ca cc bnh cha. Thay th hoc y thm vo
cc bnh cha c tn tht ln hn 5%.
c. Mi hai thng mt ln: Thc hin vic kim tra s ton vn ca cu kin bao che theo
phng php c cho trong ph lc E. Nu tng din tch r r o c tng ln so vi
gi tr o c trong qu trnh lp t h thng cha chy v nh hng c hi ti tnh nng
lm vic ca h thng th cn thc hin cng vic lm gim s r r.
d. Theo yu cu ca cc quy nh php lut v khi thun tin, cn tho cc bnh cha v kim
tra p sut khi cn thit.
50
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TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000

H thng cha chy bng kh - Tnh cht vt l v thit k h thng

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TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000

2. TIU CHUN TRCH DN

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TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000

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TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000

Cc nguy c (s c) v chy c bo v bng cc h thng cha chy ny v cc hn ch

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000

Bng 4: Nhp ln nht ca ng ng

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TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000

Cc ng lt l phun ca u phun phi c lm bng vt liu chu n mn.

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TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000

6.4.6. Cng tc dng

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Ch thch: - Cc ch s nt m trong nt ngoc n biu th

Hnh 1: H thng cn bng in hnh

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TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000

Ch thch: - Cc ch s nt m trong nt ngoc n biu th

Hnh 2: H thng khng cn bng in hnh

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TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000

e) Khi xy ra s r r qusa mc t mt cu kin bao che do s gin n ca cht

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TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000

T l nhit nh nht c nh trc ca mi trng xung quanh ca th tch c

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TIU CHUN VIT NAM

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9.2.2. Bnh cha

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TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000

9.3.3. Lch trnh bo dng

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A.1. Quy nh chung

Thng tin v cc tnh ton v lng cht cha chy;

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TCVN 7161-1:2002 ISO 14520-1:2000

e. V tr, kch c v cc chiu di tng ng hoc cc h s cn ca ph tng ng ng v

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