Electricity

Group 6
Major : Architecture

Created by
Odelia Marta Friska

140406001
Sarika Nuraini
140406003
Brama Putra Brahmana
140406005
Ulfa Auliyah
140406007
Marina Dwi Avisha
140406009
Febrina

What is
electricity?

Electricity is a natural phenomenon that occurs

throughout nature and takes many different
forms.
Electricity is the set of physical phenomena
associated with the presence and flow of electric
charge. Electricity gives a wide variety of wellknown effects, such as lightning, static
electricity, electromagnetic induction and
electrical current.
We use electricity to watch t.v., listen to the
radio, have hot water, use a microwave to heat
our food and many of the other things we do
every day.

An energy crisis is any great bottleneck (or price rise) in the supply of
Energy Crisis
energy resources to an economy.
Causes of the Energy Crisis
1. Overconsumption:The energy crisis is a result of many different
strains on our natural resources, not just one. There is a strain on
fossil fuels such asoil,gasand coal due to overconsumption which
then in turn can put a strain on our water and oxygen resources by
causingpollution.
2. Overpopulation:Another cause of the crisis has been the steady
increase in the worlds populationand its demands for fuel and
products. No matter what type of food or products you choose to
use.
3. Poor Infrastructure:Aging infrastructure of power generating
equipment is yet another reason for energy shortage. Most of the
energy producing firms keep on using outdated equipment that
restricts the production of energy. It is the responsibility of utilities to
keep on upgrading the infrastructure and set a high standard of
performance.
4. Unexplored Renewable Energy Options:Renewable energy still
remains unused is most of the countries. Most of the energy comes
from non-renewable sources like coal. It still remains the top choice

5. Wastage of Energy:In most parts of the world, people do not realize the
importance of conserving energy. It is only limited to books, internet,
newspaper ads, lip service and seminars. Unless we give it a serious thought,
things are not going to change anytime sooner. Simple things like switching
off fans and lights when not in use, using maximum daylight, walking instead
of driving for short distances, using CFL instead of traditional bulbs, proper
insulation for leakage of energy can go a long way in saving energy.
6. Poor Distribution System:Frequent tripping and breakdown are result of
a poor distribution system.
7. Major Accidents and Natural Calamities:Major accidents like pipeline
burst and natural calamities like eruption of volcanoes, floods, earthquakes
can also cause interruptions to energy supplies
8. Wars and Attacks:Wars between countries can also hamper supply of
energy specially if it happens in Middle East countries like Saudi Arabia, Iraq,
Iran, Kuwait, UAE or Qatar. Thats what happened during 1990 Gulf war when
price of oil reached its peak causing global shortages and created major
problem for energy consumers.
9. Miscellaneous Factors:Tax hikes, strikes, military coup, political events,
severe hot summers or cold winters can cause sudden increase in demand of
energy and can choke supply. A strike by unions in an oil producing firm can
definitely cause an energy crisis

Possible Solutions of the Energy Crisis

Many of the possible solutions are already in place
today, but they have not been widely adopted.
1. Move Towards Renewable Resources
2. Buy Energy Efficient products
3. Lighting Controls
4. Easier Grid Access
5. Energy Simulation
6. Perform Energy Audit
7. Common Stand on Climate Change

High Cost
You have access to all your bills, all your appliances,
and your electric meter. . Don't look at the cost,
because the cost could have gone up for other reasons,
such as an increase in the price of electricity itself. If
your kWh usage is similar but the cost is now higher,
then the answer as to why is on your bill.
Make sure :
The bill you received is accurate.
Verify that your meter isn't running gratuitously
The meter doesn't run when everything is turned off
Measure how much electricity your stuff uses

Make sure :
The bill you received is accurate.
Verify that your meter isn't running

gratuitously
The meter doesn't run when everything is
turned off
Measure how much electricity your stuff uses

Electric Power Resources

Energy resources can be divided into two

categories: nonrenewable and renewable.
Nonrenewable Resources
A nonrenewable resource is a resource that can be
used up. Fossil fuels, which include coal, oil, and
natural gas, are nonrenewable because it took
millions of years for them to form. Once we use up
our fossil fuels, they will be gone for good.
Many power plants use fossil fuels. The fossil fuel is
burned to produce heat, which is used to make
steam. The steam is then used to turn the blades
of a turbine.
Some power plants run on nuclear power, which is
another nonrenewable resource.

Renewable Resources
A renewable resource is fairly easy to replace. Renewable energy
resources include wood, wind, sunshine, geothermal energy,
biomass, and water stored behind dams in lakes and reservoirs.
Electricity can be produced using several kinds of renewable
resources.
Wind energy can produce electricity in regions where steady winds
blow. Giant wind turbines capture the winds energy and use it to
power generators.
Biomass is material that is formed from living organisms, such as
wood or agricultural wastes. Biomass can be burned to produce
electricity, or be converted to a gas and used for fuel.
Geothermal energy uses hot water or steam from deep beneath the
earths surface to produce electricity.
Hydroelectric power plants use the energy of falling water to spin
generator turbines.
Solar energy can also be used to produce electricity. Solar cells
change the radiant energy of the sun into electrical energy. Some
calculators and portable radios are powered by solar cells. Solar
panels, or modules, placed on a rooftop can supply electricity to
the building below.

Blackout
Blackout is a period of darkness caused by a
failure of the electricity supply(power cut)
There are many causes of power failures in an
electricity network. Examples of these causes
include faults atpower stations, damage
toelectric transmission lines,substations or
other parts of thedistributionsystem, ashort
circuit, or the overloading of electricity mains.

Burning
Why in cases of fire, electrical always blamed as the main cause of the
fire. so, what is needed now is an understanding of electricity and is
certainly coexist peacefully with electricity.Fires can occur if there are
three elements of flammable materials, oxygen and sparks.

Human Errors.The fire could be caused by human error factor. This is

due to ignorance of the public to electricity so often reckless or
careless in the use of electricity or failure to follow the procedures and
methods of use of electricity is correct according to the rules of PLN

Short circuit.Short circuit is due to the positive wire ties and negative
wires are electrified. This is due to faulty wiring insulation caused
animal bites, old, ugly cable quality and too small cable cross-section
that is not in accordance with the electrical load flowing.

Cable .Using a cable that does not meet the standards usually only
invites greater fire risk. Use the appropriate cable type and size
designation and current-carrying capacity.

Illegal Instalation

Its often an invisible crime. Someone illegally hooks

into a power supply, hooks up a line that has been
disconnected, or tampers with a meter to avoid
recording electricity usage. Legitimate electricity
consumers do not engage in these behaviors, so the
impact of electricity theft including the danger is often
unrecognized.
Power theft carries deadly risks. Many thieves pay for the
power they steal with their lives. Electricity theft is not
just dangerous for those who steal. If you are on the
same power line as someone who steals electricity,
you could pay the cost for their theft too. The power
line could become overloaded with electric energy,
which could harm your electronics and appliances that
are designed to receive a certain, steady amount of
electricity. Electricity theft makes power service less
reliable and lower quality for paying customers.

Safe Electricity reminds that

everyone can help prevent
and reduce power theft:
Notify your electric utility immediately if you

know of an illegally connected consumer.

Do not cut the seal on your meter base or
tamper with your own meter for any reason.
Remain aware of your surroundings and
report any suspicious activities to your electric
utility.

CONCLUSION

Here's a real simple steps outlined in our daily lives to save energy.
Using energy saving lamps e.g. fluorescent lamps
In the daytime can optimally use natural illumination.
Shape the behavior and habits of self to use electricity when

needed, by turns, and not excessive

Using a household appliance or office that is energy efficient and
environmentally friendly, such as air conditioners and refrigerators
with environmentally friendly Freon
Efficient use of energy in public places, such as in shopping
centers, offices, terminals, highways, airports, stations and so on.
Designing an energy efficient home or building, for example, good
lighting with ample ventilation, thus reducing the use of lights
during the day, use the roof of the building materials that can cool
the temperature in the room such as a roof made from ground or
ceramic, put plants in the house to cool the air in the room and so
on.
Government providing mass public transportation facilities
effectively and efficiently.
Government policies and provide rewards or positive appreciation
for all the effort or energy saving innovations.

THANK YOU