(Mechanical Vibrations)

Spring Term 2014

QUIZ I
April 16 2014 (Wednesday)
6:30 8:30 PM
RM. 91204
Note:
Problem 1: Close Book/Close Notes
Rest Problems (Problem 2 7) : Close Book but a A4 sheet of notes is permissible.
No computers or cell phones allowed!
Please work on problem 1 first. After returning your answer sheet of Problem 1,
you can work on rest problems with your note sheet.
. , Note Sheet, .
Total 122 Points

Problem 1: Basic Concepts (50 Pts) 10 problems, 5 pts/ech

a. Consider the Boeing 777-200 shown below. You are asked to model the wing vibration by a SDOF model
by using the wing tip deflection as the main displacement variable.
parameter by yourself.

However, you need to find the system

Please tell me your approach to establish the model (via experiments and/or

analytical mechanics).

b. In vibrational analysis of various aspects, we use three terms to characterize the damping behavior, i.e.,
damping ratio, loss factor, and quality factor.

Please make a brief explanation of each team and address

their relationship.

c. A typical portion of the power spectrum of a structural test is shown in below. Please estimate the damping
ratios associated with the two modes.

Note: this is a power spectrum plot, which means that the y-value is

proportional to the square of vibration amplitude.

0.016

Power Spectrum (displcement )

0.014
0.012
0.01
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
0
150

d.

200

250
Frequency (rad/s)

300

350

For a SDOF vibrating system with coulomb damping under sinusoidal excitation (force amplitude F0,
frequency ), its amplitude X is expressed as Eq.(3.93). I.e.,

Where N, , k are the normal force, friction coefficient, and spring constant, respectively. n is the system natural
frequency.

Obviously, at resonance, the displacement amplitude is unbounded.

Please use physics to explain it.

e. Consider a SDOF system subjected to a sinusoidal excitation and the response is shown below. Please
estimate the frequency of the exciting signal and the system natural frequency. ANS:

x + 2 x + 2000 x =
10sin(15t ) . Driving = 15 rad/s (2.39 Hz), Natural freq = 44.7 rad/s 7.12 Hz)

Displacement (mm)

50

-50

3
Time (s)

Displacement (mm)

50

-50

0.5

1
Time (s)

1.5

f. The following figure shows the response of an undamped SDOF system subject to a sinusoidal excitation.
Please find the natural frequency and the excitation frequency.

Notice that in this case you may not able to

identify which one is which.

Figure 5
2
1.5

vibration amplitude (m)

1
0.5
0
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-2

5
6
Time (sec)

10

g. Please try your best to explain the phasor representation of forced vibration shown below.
3

h. Consider a SDOF system subjected to a chirp signal excitation and its response is shown below. Please find
its natural frequency. ANS: (
x + 50 x + 1000 x =
f (t )
1

Response

0.5
0
-0.5
-1

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1
Time (s)

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3
Time (s)

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.2

4.4

4.6

4.8

5
Time (s)

5.2

5.4

5.6

5.8

Response

0.5
0
-0.5
-1

Response

0.5
0
-0.5
-1

i.

Please state the physical meaning of displacement transmissibility. If an optical table with mass of 200 Kg
and is designed to attenuate base vibration for signal over 2 Hz. Please determine the static deflection of the
optical table if one places 10Kg deadweight.

j.

In class, we have briefly mentioned some flow-induced vibration issues. Please state the galloping
phenomenon. In addition, please also tell us the main application of the Stockbridge damper shown below.

Problem 2:

Obtaining equation of motion (12 Pts) e.g., Rao 2.45

A vibrational system is shown below.

Please draw its free-body diagram and derive the equation of motion using

Newton s second law of motion.

Problem 3:

Rayleigh Method

(12 Pts) e.g., 2.96a

A cylinder of mass m and mass moment of inertia J is connected to a spring of stiffness k and rolls on a rough surface
as shown below. If the translational and angular displacements of the cylinder are x and from its equilibrium position,
please using ENERGY METHOD to determine the equation of motion of the system for small displacements
(a) in terms of x
(b) in term of

Problem 4:

Forced Vibration System (12 Pts) e.g., 3.20

In the cam-follower system shown in below, the rotation of the cam imparts a vertical motion to the follower. The
pushrod, which acts as a spring, has been compressed by an amount x0 before assembly.
Determine the following: (a) equation of motion of the follower, including the gravitational force; (b) force exerted on
the follower by the cam; and (c) conditions under which the follower loses contact with the cam.

Problem 5:

Force Vibration

(12 Pts) e.g., 3.44

The landing gear of an airplane can be idealized as the spring-mass-damper system shown below.
surface is described y (t ) = y0 cos t , if k=5106 N/m,

If the runway

determine the value of c that limit the amplitude of

vibration of the airplane (x) to 0.1 m. Assume m=2000 Kg, y0=0.2m, and =157.08 rad/s.

Problem 6:

Transmissibility

(12 Pts)

An accelerometer is a device for measuring the base vibration.

As schematically shown in the following figure, it is

basically a mass-spring-damper system mounted on a vibrated base.

displacement of the proof mass.

Here y is the base vibration and x the absolute

Define z as the relative displacement of the proof mass w.r.t. base.

Please derive the

equation of motion of the proof mass using z and sketch its frequency response function (i.e., the relative displacement
per unit base acceleration) and indicate the workable frequency range of this accelerometer.

Problem 7:

Coulomb Damping Issues (12 Pts)

As shown in the following figures, a spring-mass system moves back and forth on a horizontal friction surface.
Assume the spring constant is 1000 N/m and mass is 2 Kg. The response is also shown below.
forth with decayed amplitude and a final dead distance.

Please estimate the dynamic and static friction coefficients.

SOL: slope =
2 k N n / k =
0.279 k . Dead zone =sN/k = 0.0196s.
coef = 0.6.

It moves in back and

static coef = 0.8; dynamic

N = 19.6 N, m = 2 Kg, wn= 22.36 rad/s.

Slope = -0.1674 m/s

Dead zone = 15.7mm

10