2014 2 ()

y
yx

yz

Chapter.3 Axially Loaded Bars

zy

E-mail: modish33@naver.com
HP: 010-9249-5551

zx

xz

xy

1. :

1. :
y, z

ydA
A

zdA

z
0

0,

y, z

ydA ydA 0
zdA zdA 0
A
A

P A , y z 0

1. :

P
A

2. Example 3-1
A 2in , B 4in . (a) A , (b) B
.

Solve)

P 4kip

P 4000

1273psi
A (1) 2

P 12 4 0, P 8kip

P 8000

637psi
A (2) 2

3. Example 3-2
A=400mm2 . m=3400kg.
?

Solve
B ( )

tan 4 / 8

arctan(4 / 8) 26.6

F
F

PBC PBD cos 0

PBD sin mg 0

mg
mg

2.24mg
sin
sin 26.6
PBC 2mg
PBD

3. Example 3-2
,

BC

BD

CD

CE

DE

2mg

-2.24mg

-1.33mg

2.40mg

-2mg

m=3400kg, g=9.81m/s2 A=400X10-6m2 ,

BC

BD

CD

CE

DE

(MPa)

167

-186

-111

200

-167

4. :

P . P .

4. :
.

->

A (A cos ) cos 0
cos 2

->

A (A cos ) sin 0
sin cos

4. :

=0~180

.
,

45
.
Prove)

sin cos

/ 2
d
(sin 2 cos 2 )
d

0 ,

45 / 2
135 / 2

5. Example 3-3
. 200N .
? ( ?)

Solve)

P
200

400,000Pa
A (0.01)(0.05)

: 40

cos 2 (4000,000) cos 2 40 235,000Pa

sin cos (400,000) sin 40 cos 40 197,000Pa

6. :
L' L L
L
( )

E
E

: (modulus of elasticity) (Youngs modulus)

- (/)
-

PL

EA

(GPa)

Al

70

Cast iron

80~170

Concrete ()

18~30

Mg

40

Rubber

0.0001~0.004

Steel

190~220

6. :
.

( , )

Ex.)

D' (1 lat ) D
(Poissons ratio)

lat

dL'dL

dL

L' (1 lat ) L

lat L' L lat L

lat

7. Example 3-4
L=200mm, D=10mm P=16dmf .
, L=200.60mm, D=9.99mm. ?

Solve)
:

16000
P

203.7MPa
A (0.005) 2

L' L 200.60 200

0.003
L
200

lat

D' D 9.99 10

0.001
D
10

203.7 106
E
67.9GPa

0.003

lat
0.001

0.333
0.003

8. Example 3-5
A=0.4in2., E=12X106psi . 10kip B B
?
Psi: pound per square in.

Solve)

arctan(16 / 12) 53.1

10 P sin 0

P 12.5kip

( )

PL (12,500)(20)

0.0521in.
EA (12 106 )(0.4)

8. Example 3-5
:

(20 )in.

B ,
,

(12) 2 (16 ) 2 (20 ) 2

32 2 40 2

32 40
(40 / 32)(0.0521) 0.0651in.

sin

sin 16 / 20 32 / 40
32 40
(40 / 32)(0.0521) 0.0651in.

9.
:
: statically indeterminate
, , ( )

:
Ex.) A B . .

F - PA + PB = 0
A =

PA LA
EAA

B =

A + B = 0
PA LA PB LB
+
=0
EAA
EAB

PB LB
EAB

: 0
(: compatibility condition)

PA =

F
-F
, PB =
1 + LA AB / LB AA
1 + LB AA / LA AB

9.
, .
, .
1)

A =

PA LA
EAA

B =

2)

A + B = 0

3)

F - PA + PB = 0

PB LB
EAB

: /

9.
(or )

(or )

1) - .

A =

LA
P = f A PA
EAA A

B =

1) - .

LB
P = f B PB
EAB B

f A = LA / EAA , f B = LB / EAB

(flexibilities)

2) .

PA

EAA
= k A A
LA A

PB =

k A = EAA / LA , k B = EAB / LB

EAB
= k B B
LB B
(stiffness)

2) .

f A PA + f B PB = 0
3)

PA =

F - k A A + k B B = 0

PB

3)

. -

- .

10. Example 3-6

E=12X106psi . A L A=10in. , 2in.. B
LB=8in., 4in.. A , B
0.02in. . 160kip A B , A B
?

Solve)
1)

2) A

PA 160,000 0

PA 160,000lb

PA LA
(160,000)(10)

0.0424in.
EAA (12 106 )( 12 )

A b , , .

10. Example 3-6

B

3)

4) -
5)

PA PB 160,000 0

PA LA
PL
, B B B
EAA
EAB

A B b

PA 89,500lb, PB 70,500lb

6)

PA LA PB LB

b
EAA
EAB

PA 89,500

28,490psi
AA (12 )

PA (10)
PB (8)

0.02
(12 106 )( 12 ) (12 106 )( 2 2 )

PB 70,500
5,610psi

AB (2 2 )

11. Example 3-7

(EAl=10.0X106psi) , . (EFe=28.5X106psi)
, b=0.02in. .
A=0.5in2., L=10in.. ,
?

Solve) .
.
. b .

11. Example 3-7

1)

2) -

2 PAl PFe 0

Al

P ( L b)
PAl L
, Fe Fe
EAl A
EFe A

Fe Al b

3)

4) - ,

PFe ( L b) PAl L

b
EFe A
EAl A
5) ,

PAl 5,880lb, PFe 11,760lb

6) ,

PAl 5880
11,760psi

0.5
A
P
11,760
Fe
23,520psi
0.5
A

Al
Fe

12.

A(x)

dA( x) / dx ),

A(x)

dx'dx

Pdx
EA( x)

L' L

Pdx
EA( x)

12.

x
q0 dx 0
L

q0
x3
P L 2
3
L
(dx) :
q : /

qdx

(dx)

element

q0
x3
Pdx
L 2 dx

L
EA 3EA

q0 L3
q0
x3
L 2 dx
3EA
L
4 EA

13. Example 3-8

E=120GPa . A(x)=0.03+0.008x2m2
. P=200MN , (a) x=1m (b) .

Solve)
x=1m :

P
20 106

526MN
A(1)
0.038

x=1m :

A(1) 0.03 0.008(1) 2 0.038m 2

2
Pdx
(20 106 )dx

8.62mm
EA( x) 0 (120 109 )(0.03 0.008 x 2 )

14. Example 3-9

1ft E=2X106psi. F=480kip
.
. . (a)
, (b) .

1ft 12in.

14. Example 3-9

Solve)

120

qdx F 0

F 120q
q F / 120 4,000lb/in.
x

qdx P 0

P qx 4,000 xlb
:

P 480,000lb

P 480,000

4,240psi
A
(6) 2

x=0 x=120in.
X=120in. x=192in.

P 4,000 xlb ,

P 480,000lb .

14. Example 3-9

above

PL (480,000)(72)

0.153in.
EA (2 106 )( 6 2 )

(dx)

element

Pdx 4,000 xdx

EA
EA

4,000 x
4000 1 2
dx
x
below
0
EA
EA 2 0
4000
1
2

(
120
)

0.127in.
(2 106 )( 6 2 ) 2

120

120

14. Example 3-10

. L, A,

E, ?

Solve )

(dx) :

element

P Adx 0
0

P Ax

EA

L L

WL
2 EA

0,

AL W

Ax dx

Pdx Ax dx

EA
EA

AL2
2 EA

WL
2 EA