Bropies CHEMISTRY WORKSHEET. ‘e pied BIOMOLECULES: 1) Glucose or sucrose are soluble in water but cyclohexane or benzene are insoluble in waten Explain. 2} What products are expected when lactose is hydrolysed? 3) How do you explain the absence of aldehyde group in pentacetate of glucose? 4)_ The melting points and solubility in water of of amino acids are higher than those of the corresponding halo acids. Explain 5) Where does the water prevent in the egg after boiling the egg? 6) Explain why vitamin C cannot be stored in the body? 7) What are monnasachrides? 8) What are reducing sugars? 9). Write two main functions of carbohydrates in plants? 10) Classify the following into monosacchrides and polysaccharides: ribose, 2deoxyribose, maltose galctose, fructose and latose. 1) What do you understand by glycosdic linkage? 12) Whats glycogen?How ist different from starch? 13) What are the hydrotysis products of a)suerase b) lactose 114) What happens wiven D-glucose are treated with the following agents i]CH,COOH Il) HCN HNO, IV)HNOS V)HI-VI)Bromine 15) What are essential and nonessential amino acids?Give example. 16) What are enzymes? 117) How do you explain the amphoteric nature of amino acids? 418) What are the common types of secondary structures of proteins? 19) Define the following 1) petide bong ijprimary structure i}denaturation 20) How are vitamins classified?Name the vitamin responsible for coagulation of blood, 21) What isthe difference between nucleoside and nucleotide? 22) What are the different types of RNA found In the cell? 23) Whiat are nuecilic acids?Also mention its function? 24) What are the important structural and functional differences between ONA and RNA 25) Name the polysaccharide found in the liver of animals. 26) Write the constiuents of maltose 27) What is the difference between amylose and amylopectin? 28) Why is cellulase not digested in human body? 29) How do you explain the presence of all six carbon atoms in glucose in a straight line? 30) What is mean by inversion of sugar? 31) What is mutarotation? 32) What are zwitter ions? 33) What is isoelectric point 34) How do you explain the presence of five~OH groups in a glucose molecule? 35) Why are carbohydrates generally optically active? 36) Name the molecule which provides for energy for all the activities in our cell? 37) What are anomers? 38) What are the ultimate products of digestion of proteins?39) Define native state with refrence to protein? 40) What is the function of fibrinogen In the blood? 41) Neme the enzyme that brakes large proteins into small peptides? 42) Write the biologicat importance of nueclic acid 43) Give 2 examples of water soluble vitamins 44) Name the vitamin responsible for poor coagulation of blood, 45) Give example of denatured protein. 46) Name the chemical name of vitamin By 47) Amino acids behave lke salts rather than. simple amines or carboxylic acids. Explain. 148) Name four bases present in DNA.Which one of these is not present in RNA? 49) Draw alpha and beta glucose. 50) Name 2 fat soluble vitamins , their resources and disease caused deficiency 51) What are the following substances: a)invert sugar b)polypeptides '52) Explain what is meant by alpeptide linkage b)pyranose structure of glucose 53) Write the reactions and facts about glucose which cannot be explained by open chain structure, '54) The fischer projection of D-glucose 1s cHo | | ow HO: 4 oH on cH,OH a)Give fischer projection for L-Glucose B)What happens when L-Glucose is treated with tollens reagent? 55)An optically active compound having same molecular formule CHO if found in two isomeric Forms Rand B inrnatrure. When Aand Bere dissolve in water they show the following equilibrium oS equilibrium mixture — are 52.2” ‘a}What are such isomers called? B)Can they be called enantiomers ?Iustify ‘C)Draw the cyclic structure of APOLYMERS: 1) What are polymers? 2) Differentiate between buta:S and buta-N 3) Arrange the following polymers in increasing order oftheir intermolecular forces i)Nvion 6 , 6 Buna-, Polythene liJNeoprene ,nylon, polyvinyl chloride 4) Differentiate between polymer and monomer 5) Define polymerisation 6) Differentiate between homopolymer and co polymer 7). Explain the term copolymerisation by giving two examples 8) IS-{NH-CHR-CO}-, ahomopolymer ora copolymer? 9) Define and differentiate between thermosetting and thermoplastics polymers. 10) Discuss the main purpose of vulcanization of rubber. 12) What are the monomeric repeating units Nylon-6 , Nylon-6,6? 12) What is biodegradable polymer?Give an example of a biodegradable aliphatic polyester 13) Give an example of elastomer 14) Name a synthetic polymer which isan ester 15) Identify the polymer A-8-B-A-A-A-B-A 16) What is the main constituent of bubble gum? 17) What do you understand by addition polymers? 18) Why isa Bakelite a thermosetting polymer? 19) Name e thermosetting polymer which is an amide 20) Which type of biomolecules have some structural similarity with synthetic polyamides?What is this similarity? 21) Write the names of monomers of te following polymers and classify them into addition and condensation polymer a)Teflon b)polymer 22} A)What is the role of benzoy! peroxide in polymerisation of ethane '8)What are LDPE ancl HOPE? How are they prepared? 23) Write the structures of monomers of the following polymers: 24) Give one example for each ofthe following: althermoplastic b)natural polymer cjcondensation d)chain growth polymer 25) Write the names and structures of the monomers of the following polymers: a)polystyrene b)Dacron c)Tefion 26) Write the commercial name of PMMA?What is its use? 27) Explain the following process witha suitable example In each case: alchain growth polymerisation b)step growth polymerisation 28) Low density polymer and high density polyethene both are polymers of ethane but there is a high difference in their properties. Way? 29) Explain why free radical polymerisation of styrene gives a product in which phenyl groups i ‘are on alternate carbon atoms rather than on adjacent carbon atoms. | 30) Name a polymer used for non stick kitchenwares | )PVC b}Polypropene 31) Why are crosstinks required in number to have practical applications? 32) What Is the repeating unit in the condenasation polymer obtained by combining HO,CCH.CH,CO3H (succinic acid) and H;NCH;CH,NH,(ethyl diamine)33) How are polymers classified into different catogories based on their intermolecular forces?Give one example of a polymer of each of these catogeries. CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE 1). Sleeping pills are recommended by doctors for those suffering from sleeplessness, but itis not advisable to take its doses without the consultation of a doctor. Why? 2), With reference to which classification has the statement, “rantidine isan antacid” been given? 3} Why do we need to classify drugs in different ways? 4) Name the macromolecules which are choosen as drug targets. '5) Why should we not take medicines without consulting doctors? 6) Define chemotherapy 7) Which forces are involved in holding the drugs to the active site of enzymes? 8) What is meantby the term’ broad spectrum antibiotics"? 9) How do to antiseptics differ fom antibiotics? 10) Low level of noradrenaline is cause of depression. what type of drugs are neaded to cure this problem? Name any two drugs 11) What is tincture of iodine?Whatisit used for? 12) What are food preservatives? 13) What are artifical sweetening agents?Give any two examples 114) Name the sweetening agent used in the preparation of sweet for a diabetic patient. 415) How are synthetic detergents better than soaps? 116) What are the main constituents of Dettol? 17) Name a substance which is used as an disinfectant as well as antiseptic 18) Whay are cemitide and rantidine better antacids than sodium bi carbonate or ‘magnesium or aluminium hydroxide? 19) Explain the following terms by giving an example: a)Cationic detergents b)Anions detergents c)non tonic detergents 20) Why do soaps do not work n hard water? 21) What is the importance of the choice of the molecular target for a drug? 22) Mention a few drugs 23) What are receptors? 24) What are agonists and antagonists? 25) What are competitive inhibitors? 26) Give the structure of an alkyibenzenesulphonate detergent 27) Name 2 narcotics which are used as analgesics 28) Name a few artificial sweeteners 29) What are pathogens? 30) Give the name for one broad spectrum antibiotic 31) A lipid splitting enzyme-lysosome is present in tears.What function does it perform? 32) Which type of drug is phenacetin? 33) What type of drugs come under antimicrobial drugs? 34) Which site of enzyme ‘is called as allosteric site?35) Hair shampoos belong to which class of synthetic detergents? 36) What isthe commanility between antibiotic arsphenamine and azodye? 37) Aspitin isa pain relieving antipyretic drug but can be used to prevent heat attack.Expiain 38) Dishwashing soaps are synthet}c detergents. What is their chemical nature? 39) Which catogery of synthetic detefgerits are used in toothpaste? 40) How do antidepressant drugs counteract feeling of depression? 41) Account for the following: a)aspirin drugs help in the prevention of heart attack b)Diabetic patients are advised to take artificial sweeteners instead of natural sweeteners c)Detergents are nonbiodegradable while soaps are biodegradable 42) Between sodium hydrogen carbonate and magnesium hydroxide which is a better antacid and why? 43) What are the functions performed by histamine in the body? 44) Explain the following type of substances with an example a)cationic detergents b)food prservatives c) analagesics 45) Describe the following by giving one example for each Aldetergents bifood preservatives clantacids dldisinfectants dlenzymes 46) If soap ha san alkali content t irritates the skin How can the amount of excess alkali be determined ?What are the sources of excess alkali? 47) What are antioxidants? 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