I

HANG&-IN-A-HURRY

HANG&-IN-A-HURRY CHART I

Vowels

Consonants

Basic Consanants

Stressed Consonants
(two basic consonants
written together)

As~iratedConsonants
(sgort line added to
basic consonants)

Basic Vowels

01

1.

"I" Diphthongs
(vowel #6 added
to basic vowels)

la.

(father)

0]

2.

3.

2a.

(plume)
0

3a.

6. 01

ae i b .

01

ya

St\

wa

. (water)
e

2b.

yi(

oe 3b.

ui

wae

(w_et)

yo

(w_et)

~6
(w_on)

4b.-$

YU

(E)

6 5a. 5
1

(so_o~)
*

;ng (final;
no sound
as initial)

O))

4a.

4. l-

(short line added (combinationsof

to basic vowels ) various vowels)

(se_t)

(heme)

5.

01

"Y" Diphthongs Other Diphthongs

(hat)

(hut)

8.

CHART 11

iii

(we)*

(kt)

lo.

'Pronounce without pursing the lips.

'Slightly different than basic consonant number six.

Basic consonants k, t, p, and ch are ~ronouncedas g, d, b,

and j, respectively, when occurring as medials. Stressed consonaots are pronounced with more stress by far than their
unvoiced English counterparts, g, d, b, s, and j. Aspirated
consonants are said with an unabashed explosion of air. Initial
"r" is pronounced akin to its Spanish counterpart.

The "0" written with each vowel is an unvoiced consonant

which functions to indicate where an initial consonant maybe
affixed to the vowel when writing a syllable. See the inside
back cover for information on forming syllables.

A Guide to

KOREAN
CHARACTERS
Reading and Writing
Hangiil and Hanja
SECOND REVISED EDITION

by

BRUCE K. GRANT

HOLLYM

For Audrey
Michele
Denise
Mirae
Bruce
Maynard
Monique
and Taylor

Copyright @ 1982, 1979

by Bruce K . Grant
All rights reserved
First published in 1979
Reprinted in 1989
by Hollyrn International Corp.
18 Donald Place
Elizabeth, New Jersey 07208 U.S.A.
Published simultaneously in Korea
by Hollym Corporation; Publishers
14-5 Kwanchol-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
Phone: (02)735-7554 Fax: (02)730-5149
ISBN: 0-930878-13-2
Printed in Korea

PREFACE
This book was designed as a guide for those who wish to
learn written Korean. It presents for the first time in English
the information necessary to read and write hangiil, the
Korean alphabet, and the 1,800 Chinese characters taught
in Korean schools. A Guide to Korean Characters contains
simplified charts explaining hang5l and models showing
exactly how to write each of the 1,800 Basic Characters. Sample vocabulary words, selected on the basis of frequency of
use, are included for each character. This handbook also
functions as a character dictionary since its entries are arranged in stroke-count order and it contains both a radical
and a phonetic index.
I am very grateful to those who have helped in the preparation of A Guide to Korean Characters. Mr. Cho PyTing-ha
was indefatiguable, and the writing models in the text are
examples of his graceful calligraphy. Dr. Ch6n Y6ng-ch'd
and Mr. Yi Pang-h5n kindly read the entire manuscript and
made many useful suggestions. I am indebted to Mr. Chu
Shin-wgn, Chief Editor at Hollyrn Corporation: Publishers, for
his patient guidance. I alone, of course, am responsible for
errors.
Seoul. Korea

Bruce K. Grant
July 1979

CONTENTS

PREFACE

INTRODUCTION
The Korean Writing System
Hints on Learning Hangu'l
History of Chinese Characters
The Six Categories of Chinese Characters
Hints on Learning Hanja
Explanation of a Sample Character Entry
Writing Characters
Glossary
THE 1,800 BASIC CHARACTERS

25

APPENDICES
Korean Surnames
Easily Confused Characters
Commonly Abbreviated Characters
Characters with Multiple Readings
The 900 Middle School Characters in Textbook Order

33 3
335
336
337
338
339

INDEX
How to Use a Character Dictionary
Radical Index
Phonetic Index
SELECTED BIBLlOGRAPHY
ENDPAPER CHARTS
~an~ill-in-a-hurry
Charts
Hangill Writing Models
syllable Writing Models

insidejront cover
inside back cover

INTRODUCTION
THE KOREAN WRITING SYSTEM
Korean is a member of the Altaic family of languages and
is very similar to Japanese. It has been spoken on the Korean
peninsula for more than 2,000 years but has enjoyed an indigenous writing system since only the fifteenth century.
Chinese exerted an early influence on Korean, and loan words
from the Chinese now comprise about sixty percent of the
Korean vocabulary.
Chinese is essentially uninflected, while Korean is polysynthetic. So different, in fact, are the two languages that
Chinese and English have more in common than do Chinese
and Korean. Ancient Koreans found Chinese ideographs
unsuited to phonetically represent their richly inflected language, so they adopted written Chinese itself. Literate
Koreans wrote one language, classical Chinese, and spoke
another, Korean, until the dawn of the twentieth century, a
period in excess of 1,500 years.
In 1440, King Sejong of the Yi Dynasty set a group of
scholars to the task of inventing a means of writing the Korean language. The resulting phonetic alphabet was promulgated in 1446 but did not enjoy widespread use. Hangiil, as
it is now called, is perhaps the most scientific alphabet in
general use in the world.
In 1972, the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea
directed that 1,800 Sino-Korean characters, hanja, be taught
in all middle and high schools in the nation. These are commonly called the Basic Characters, and each is treated in this
book. Modern Korean is written in a mixed script in which
hanja is used for Chinese loan words and hangiil for purely
Korean items.

The Korean alphabet is so simple that its sixteen totally

11

INTRODUCTION

distinct letters can be learned in minutes with the aid of the

hangiil-in-a-hurry charts at the inside front cover of this book.
Use these charts to decode hangal appearing in the book
and elsewhere until it becomes entirely familiar to you. The
charts at the inside back cover illustrate how to write each
hangGI letter and how to combine the letters into syllables.
Korean consonants are pronounced much as they are in
English, though they annoyingly assume different shades of
sound when they appear as initials, medials, or finals. The five
stressed consonants are pronounced with greatest possible
stress but with no expulsion of air. For example, "tt" ( r-c ) is
pronounced akin to the d of don't inUDon't do that!'' The
aspirated consonants are pronounced with a heavy expulsion
of air. The "k' "( 3 ) is similar, for example, to the k of kill
in ill that rattlesnake!" Vowels are pronounced essentially
as noted on the inside front cover. Access to a native speaker
is recommended for refined pronunciation.

HISTORY OF CHINESE CHARACI'ERS

1n.ancientChina, pieces of bone and shell were incised with
characters and then heated. The resulting cracks among the
characters were used by oracles to foretell the future. Thousands of such "oracle bones" have been unearthed. The characters on them, the oldest extant, date from about 1,400 B.C.
Virtually all principles for the formation of ideographs are
evident on the oracle bones, suggesting a long period of development prior to 1,400 B.C. After that time, characters
underwent a continuing evolution of form that ended about
2,000 years ago with the development of the "square characters" still used today. The following chart traces four characters through this evolution and illustrates character styles
which a modern reader is likely to encounter. Dates are very
approximate.

lNTRODUcrION

Forms of Chinese Characters

INTRODUCIlON

THE SIX CATEGORIES OF CHINESE CHARACTERS

Characters traditionally have been classified into Six Categories according to how they were originally fabricated or how
they later accrued meaning. An understanding of these categories can bring a sense of order to the beginning reader who
is likely to be bewildered by a forest of seemingly unrelated
graphs. Moreover, the characteristics of the different types of
hanja suggest varying learning strategies for their mastery.
The Sung Dynasty scholar, Ch6ng Ch'iao, apportioned 24,235
characters to the Six Categories, and his results provide an
indication of the relative size of each category.(Kwtin, page
2. See Bibliography.)
Category One: Simple Pictographs
Simple Pictographs were the first type of character
fabricated by the ancient Chinese. They picture objects, such
as tree,*. The trunk, branches and roots of a tree can be seen
even in this modern form of the character. Another Simple
Pictograph is
(sun). This stylized character was originally
round, and the line in its center represented rays of sunshine.
Only 608 of the characters classified by Cheng Ch'iao are
Simple Pictographs, but they are important because many of
them are the building blocks from which other hanja are made.
A Simple Pictograph is easily learned by associating its
shape and meaning.
Category Two: Simple Diagrams
Simple Diagrams were among the earliest characters made
and depict relationships for which no picture can readily be
drawn. Two common examples are I: (up) and
(down). The
diagrammatic nature of this pair is readily apparent. Simple
Diagrams are best learned by associating shape and meaning.
Ch$ng Ch'iao allotted 107 of his characters to this category.
Category Three: Simple Compounds

A subsequent development in the history of characters, Simple Compounds are truly ideographic. They were made from

two or more existing characters whose combined meanings

provide a clue to the denotation of the compound. The Simple
Compound resulting from the union of R (sun) and
(tree)
is R . The new character is pronounced 3-(tong), and signifies
''east," taking its meaning from the "sun" rising from behind
a "tree" in the "east." A Simple compound is best learned
by relating its meaning to that of its constituent elements. Of
the graphs classified by Ch2ng Ch'iao, 740 were Simple
Compounds.

Category Four: Phonetic Compounds

About ninety percent of the characters of Ch2ng Ch'iao,
21,811 hanja, are Phonetic Compounds. These graphs can
be characterized as semi-ideographic and semi-phonetic since
each is composed of a semantic element which furnishes a hint
to the general meaning of the compound and a phonetic
element which provides a direct clue to its pronunciation.
The phonetic clue in the vast majority of Sino-Korean characters is a significant potential mnemonic aid but is widely
regarded as of limited value. Chinese lexicography obscures
the phonetic relationships among characters, and some
Phonetic Compounds which share an identical phonetic element have differing readings either because they were not
originally homophonous or because their pronunciations
diverged during centuries of phonetic and dialectic
evolution. Nevertheless, it is likely that the phonetic
clue is underexploited rather than overexploited by students
of hanja .
Category Five: Derived Meanings
Derived Meanings originally belonged to one of the first
four categories of characters. The evolution of Chinese generated a need to assign abstract meanings to characters with
concrete denotations. Graphs of this type took on abstract
meanings but maintained their original denotation as well. An
example is 9,
originally a Simple Pictograph of a man sitting
with crossed legs. Its derived meanings are "exchange, com-

INTRODUrnON
municate, intercourse, mix, join." This leap in meaning is
comprehensible to anyone who has watched old Korean
gentlemen sit cross legged by the hour and "communicate"
with cronies. Chtng Ch'iao assigned 372 of his characters to
this category. Its characters are best learned by relating their
original and derived meanings.
Category Six: Arbitrary Meanings
Characters of this type also belonged to one of the first four
categories and took on additional denotations, but they surrendered their original meanings altogether. An example
is jff , a Simple Pictograph of a growing stalk of grain. Other
characters possessed the same meaning, but there was no
character for "to come," which was pronounced the same as
% . As a homophone, % was pressed into service to denote
"to come" and has maintained only that meaning for millenia.
Graphs of this category account for 598 of the characters of
ChSng Ch'iao. They are best learned arbitrarily.

HINTS ON LEARNING IiANJA

There is no royal road to learning characters, but the task
is not as difficult as it may appear, either. The sheer number
of hanja is daunting; large character dictionaries may run to
50,000 entries. But no one need learn anything like this ridiculous number, and fewer than 300 discrete graphs compose all
others. A study in Taiwan showed that the most common 400
characters in use there comprised fully seventy-three percent
of all written material. (DeFrancis, page xix.)
The learning of Chinese characters will unavoidably entail
some memorization. Homemade flash cards and repeated
writing of characters can be valuable memorization aids. Anything, including hanja , is easier to learn when approached as
part of a meaningful context. Those already participating in
a Korean language program can easily meld specific information about the 1,800 Basic Characters into their language
materials. Those undertaking independent study can meld
16

INTRODUCTlON

characters into available selections of written Korean . The

vocabulary words accompanying each character in this book
can also supply a measure of meaningful context. The 900
middle school characters in the appendix can be useful
because the most common and frequently used characters
appear in this list in the order they are first learned by Korean
pupils.
Early attention to radicals, the 214 characters under which
all others are listed in hanja dictionaries, is recommended for
all. Familiarity with the radicals is requisite to the full use
of a dictionary, and many radicals are numbered among the
discrete graphs which comprise all others. The radicals can
be found in the radical index of this handbook.
A student of hacia will find it valuable to develop the habit
of estimating to which of the Six Categories a target character
belongs since this will enable him to choose an appropriate
learning strategy for it. Consult the preceding section of the
Introduction for suggestions on learning strategies for each of
the Six Categories of Chinese characters.
The vast majority of characters, perhaps ninety percent of
all hanja, belong to the Phonetic Compound category. Each
graph of this type mntains an internal clue to its own pronunciation. One beginning student schooled himself to look
for this internal phonetic clue, and, on a quiz, successfully
matched readings to eleven of thirteen Phonetic Compounds
he had not previously encountered. The student will be well
advised to make it a practice to estimate the reading of a target
character, whether newly-encountered or unrecalled, by
assigning to it the pronunciation of its major component
elements.
A forthcoming handbook by the present editor will contain
some 2,000 characters arranged in sets. Each graph in a set
contains the same phonetic element and shares an identical
or similar reading as well. The mnemonic value of a set of
characters which both look and sound alike can be appreciated
by perusing the following chart.

lNTRODUCTJON

Phonetic Compound Set

EXPLANATION OF A SAMPLE CHARACI'ER ENTRY

The character entry below is typical of the 1,800 in A Guide
to Korean Characters.

Sample Entry
'

P=-

,'

17
'f- 3
,

113 9 x 1 character, letter

*?

@7
?$8,

character, letter, writing

Sino-Koreancharacters,
Chinese characters
character dictionary

4
Ez\
9x1

4 zd

238

The main character of the sample entry, 2 , is one of the

Basic Hania taught in a11 Korean secondary schools. It appears
first in a large-type, slightly-abbreviated form common in
published material. In the box beneath the main character is
listed the radical under which it can be found in a character
dictionary. This radical is given in its unabbreviated form,
while it may appear in the main character in its common,
abbreviated form. (A chart of abbreviated radicals appears
on page 348.) The number to the right of the radical indicates
the number of strokes in the non-radical portion of the main
character, datum that is vital when using a hanja dictionary.

INTRODUrnON
The 1,800 main entries are numbered consecutively. For 7 ,
this number is 238. These character numbers are used in cross
references and indices.
To the right of the main character are nine squares in which
its proper stroke order is progressively illustrated. The complete pen-written form of the main character occurs as the
final entry in these squares. It is important to compare and
contrast the written and printed forms of the main character
since both will be encountered in reading materials.
The formal definition, or h u n , of the main character occurs
in the upper left corner of the area following the writing
models. The hun for the sample character is 2 x 1 . This is
followed to the right by English definitions of the main character and by its reading, or u'm, in boldface hangiil. In the
sample entry, this iim is xi. The hun and iim are ordinarily
said together as a verbal means of identifying a character.
Sample voc3bulary words comprise the remainder of the
entry:These were selected on the basis of frequency of use in
the language. Usually, three such words are included in an
entry. The hanja typeface used for sample words is the
stylized variation increasingly common in published material.
Compare and contrast these with the main character typeface
in an entry.
A Guide to Korean Characters is designed to aid in learning hangiil and hania . As a mini-dictionary, its English definitions are not exhaustive. For the convenience of the reader
and to exploit limited space, many English definitions appear
in verbal, adjectival or adverbial form even though Korean
referents may occur only as nouns.
English definitions were purposely inserted between hanja
entries and their hangiil readings in order to cause the eye of
the reader to encounter first hanja and then its English meaning before coming to pronunciation. This arrangement may
facilitate the learning process by obliging the reader to relate
form and meaning for milliseconds before dealing with pronunciation.

INTRODUCTION

INTROWCTION

The Rules of Stroke Order

Two basic rules govern stroke order.

WRITING CHARACI'ERS
A general rule of writing is to make the graphs of uniform
size no matter how simple or complex they may be. Hanja are
listed in character dictionaries in ways inextricably related to
stroke count. (See How to Use a Character Dictionary, p.347.)
A character must be written, therefore, with strokes of constant shape set down in unvarying order. Details regarding
stroke type and stroke order are provided below, but the
reader will doubtless find the writing models accompanying
each character in the text to be a more practical calligraphic
guide.
Types of Strokes
The following chart illustrates eighteen types of strokes
used in writing characters. The samples are done in brush
style, but the principles also apply to pen calligraphy. Generally, perpendicular strokes are made from top to bottom,
while horizontal strokes are made from left to right. Even
when it includes an angle, a stroke is written without lifting
pen from paper.

1. Top to bottom.

2. Left to right.

Types of Strokes
I

Seven auxiliary rules also control the order of strokes.

3. ~orizontalstrokes usually are written first when they
cross perpendicular ones.

m
j
4. Sometimes the reverse is true.

lNTR0WCnON

9. A piercing horizontal stroke is written last.

5. A center stroke is written first, then the left and finally the right.

6. An enclosure precedes its contents.

7. Diagonals running to the left precede diagonals flowing to the right.

8. A piercing perpendicular-strokeis written last.

GLOSSARY
Basic Characters. Basic Characters are the 1,800 hanja
taught by order of the Ministry of Education since 1972 in all
Korean middle and high schools. Their formal name is "Basic
Characters for Use in Classical Korean Instruction" (hanmun
kyoylakyong kich'o hanja).
Basic Hanja . See Basic Characters.
Chinese Characters. See Six Categories of Chinese Characters.
Classical Korean. Classical Korean (hanmun) is classical
Chinese used by Koreans as their written language for more
than 1,500 years.
Hangiil. Hangu'l is the modern name for the Korean
alphabet promulgated in 1446 but not widely used until the
present century.
Hanja . See Sino-Korean Characters.
Ideograph. An ideograph is a symbol representing an
object or an idea but not the sound associated with that object
or idea in spoken language.
Polysynthetic . Polysynthesism is the grammatical practice
in Korean of combining word elements into a single word that
can be the equivalent of phrases or even a sentence in English.
Phonetic Compound. One of the Six Categories of Chinese
characters, Phonetic Compounds comprise some ninety
percent of all characters. They are semi-ideographic and semiphonetic.
Reading. - The iim, or pronunciation, of a character is its
reading.
Semantic Element. A semantic element is that part of a
Phonetic Compound, usually one-half the total character,
which provides a hint to the general meaning of the compound.

INTRODV(;TION

Simple Compounds. One of the Six Categories of Chinese

characters, Simple Compounds were formed from two elements whose combined meanings provide a clue to the denotation of the compound. They are ideographic.
Simple Diagrams. One of the Six Categories of Chinese
characters, Simple Diagrams depict relationships for which
a picture cannot readily be drawn.
Simple Pictographs. One of the Six Categories of Chinese
characters, Simple Pictographs are drawings of objects. They
were the first characters fabricated by the ancient Chinese.
Sino-Korean Characters. Chinese characters as they are
used in the Korean language.
Six Categories of Chinese Characters. A traditional
classification of Chinese characters into six types accordmg
to how they were originally fabricated or later accrued meaning. The Six Categories are Simple Pictographs, Simple Diagrams, Simple Compounds; Phonetic Compounds, Derived
Meanings and Arbitrary Meanings.

THE

BASIC CHARACTERS

1and 2 strokes

seventy years

2 strokes

2 strokes

3 strokes

3 strokes

74 till now, up to the present

His Royal Majesty

P5

kfi$f@ high society

kg

senior official

3 die, perish; be lost; absent

#it flee, run away, escape

n&

@ -t- be destroyed, collapse, fall

12
& defect, seek foreign refuge

man, gentleman;

A,
2
21

a rooming house

20

" 2 apil1;abullet

h%
h @1
$$h

pill, pellet
pill, pellet
bullet; projectile; shell

rb-

9 o,F

99

T A common, ordinary
A R in general, as a rule
A '8 mediocre; common, ordinary % .'k

26

4.

a ",t
@41
!&a

a
n
27

7 n fl

knife blade, knife edge

& A bladed weapons;

$ XJ

bayonets; weapons
kill oneself with a dagger

?!

$!q
xioJ

3 strokes

T #9i a thousand years

f- lf. a thousand characters

3,e,
a

kti4

f
f

population; inhabitants

0
J

land, real estate

nature of the soil
civil engineering

fB

+gill

officer; soldier

it$

one's own child;

degree of kinship
short dramatical
performance; skit

novel, story; fiction

/J\g retail selling

gentleman, man of honor

~ I J \ large and small; size,

p TI] evening edition

4

32

A,
A
33

$-,

morning and evening;

breakfast and dinner

big. great

A@

very, very much, greatly

major portion, large part
college, university

hg fields and mountains

+&
E"?

4
4@
d+g
GI*

1
3

stream bank, riverside

CLl)ll mountains and rivers

4 strokes

3 strokes

Branches; snake

Ze

42d of the 60 binary terms

of the sexagenary cycle
literati purge of 1545

zek#d

?%
T

intervene, meddle in
reclaim land by drainage

9x1
+A~A)#

34

+4

44

49
9

a bow

9%
3%

archery,bowmanship
archer, bowman

%$

3S-f

Re

#+

17
-

3
45

3
50

red, cinnabar; pill

autumnal tints,
red and yellow
A.$? colors; red and green
--!+fl#L\ fidelity; a sincere heart

g
cJ%

94
?J%Q>J

4 strokes

4 strokes

12

mercy; beneficence

et cetera; thus and thus,

woman

I4 @
I4 a<

2
n

impartial, fair; public

2~ 39%royal
princess
employee
public opinion; fair
criticism

61
1

I\
n
62

2/ \

3
37
o T

af$$Rcivil servant, government %y%

-12

I
,

A 9 now, the present time

the substance, details;

contents
the interior, the inner

A
1

4 R,!
f;;
f;

six
June
sixty
.
the Six Categories of
Chinese Characters

%%
3 (i+)

+P
4
i

Q
84
4

4 strokes

4 strokes

I48 a year of famine

f

wicked, bad
a poor crop

04 %
JE@

#$E

@
ftI be immediate, real

&l6ga forget-me-not flower

,

"
1k :,
9

surprise, surprisingly
enough

ZW
TnJZ

ad

difficulty, distressed
misfortune, bad luck
unexpected misfortune
calamity, disaster

mention, say
propagate, disseminate
the state examination

67

g i k *deteriorate,aggravate,

iLb
i k

4.

transform, change
worsen
chemistry
inspire, influence

%L%)

gj opposition, resistance;

";F
7J3)

68

39

4 strokes

Korea in 1592
19th of the 60 binary terms
of the sexagenary cycle

more, moreover

Rg

extreme, severe

ER

a very short distance

od

ZRBT a mere child

droop; demand, ask

farmer, peasant

3 I ,#

transfer of duties

.
nd, affections;
ention; core; center

4 strokes

4 strokes

pg

-ft@

direction; square; region;

plan; recipe; just now
governmental vi

fi

method, way, means

7)s

speak; say, it is said

6 argue pro and con

$13
8 Confucius said

pay, disburse

8 p+

i k culture ;civilization

f( E1Jj

2 (:h

91

444
92

3
@

civilization; culture
a literatus, a man of letters

33\

39

9 *J

a dry measure (18 liters,

3.97 gallons)

.4-

an authority, a luminary,
a star
measuring by pecks
( ~ 1 )

E)J f

7%b

a@
a YJ
Fj

*g-

a female ruffian; a rowdy

%q

monthly salary
a monthly magazine,
a monthly publication
the end of the month, end

32

the planet Jupiter

4 strokes

4 strokes

.Ic !3

father and mother,

sliced boiled meat

$ ratio, percentage

%@% woolen fabrics, woolen

9 39

+f L
a clan, a family
surname and personal
name, one's full name

cow, ox
cow's milk
"Readclassics into a
COW'S
ear", cast pearls

54

5 strokes

5 strokes

T be firm, decisive, resolute

others, et cetera

E$ the world, the earth

j&L the world; society;
+&R

#$IT office boy; errand girl;

a generation

J+

SS

120
/

fi,fi
-

115

1%

r3

I;f 4

3d of the 10 Heavenly
Stems ; the third

3% 3dofofthe
thesexagenary
60 binary terms
cycle
third class, third grade

'+I

9 6J
9%

121

'
;,f'

transfer, hand over;

commit to; pay
f
ask, solicit, request; charge +EL
with, entrust with
+j- remit, forward, send
transfer, hand over,
3l+
pass along

*+

''

AJ

(dl&
@ (&

(h),

Taoist immortal, fairy,

genie
fairy, nymph
Taoist immortal; hermit,
ascetic; a spirit
hermit, ascetic; a spirit;
Taoist immortal

44
AJAJ

"J

5 strokes

5 strokes

good; tenn of respect

publish; engrave, cut

command, order

process, work;
manufacture; treat

5 %

a%

brothers, sisters, brethren

husband of a girl's elder

Iffff
books, publications
ffff

~ a m ~ h l ebooklet
t,

+$E the winter solstice

41

+-

rfig

ak

a7_%

meritorious service,
meritorious deeds
merit and virtue;

be included, contained,
embraced, covered
wrap, pack up

5 strokes

5 strokes

jff

occupy; seize, take,capture

occupy, possess (territory)
possess, occupy (property)

;do qj

come and go; lending and

borrowing; transactions

44

A 9 now, the present

{

merely, only; but,

however, provided that,
on condition that

$4

%W exclaim, cry out

p4~& a cry, shout, shriek
~ 4 % impeach, censure,
denounce, arraign

5 strokes

5 strokes
-T

criminal case

qg

flattery, honeyed words

~4

ER
EE

huge, colossal
an enormous object; a
prominent person
a great man; a huge star

*%
E

propagate, proselyte
proclaim, declare,

5 strokes

5 strokes

fJ @
!

fJ

hit, strike; a blow

destroy, break down
calculate, reckon

Z!i!

New Year's Day

fJ h$

k
b
s
@%

2 @J

kindergarten
an infant, a baby
the young and the old

o\*

not,no;un-,in-,non-;

theU.S.dollar

certain victory

5 strokes

5 strokes

3
3

ak

mother and daughter

homeland, mother

JJL+

'

7 j (
*

1
174

2
175

71

ilc ,$!&

the freezing point

*$ij

a glacier; an icebound river

perpetual, eternal, long

&

perpetual, eternal
permanence; perpetuity,
eternity
final farewell, part forever

&%

entrance hall
unpolished rice
a kind of harp

transgress, violate;
offend; invade
%%$ an offender, a criminal,
a convict
%f i commit a crime
&
break the law, violate
the law

final year of term of

service; a girl 15 or 16

X#$

disintegrate, fall to pieces;

break up, collapse
i Z W a tile-roofed house

MJ

54

-f--

H*r

9%
9=p
94

*
0
180

d
% 4 x\

3 *A'
%$

0
181

-tf

I
.)+

)-

sweet; pleasant,
voluntary

IfI $ licorice
be willing
root
to suffer,
#'%
)
j

&
%

qq

submit willingly
sweetness, a sweet taste

&a
4-f;Id- nl

be born; produce; life;

student; raw, fresh;
arbitrary, forced

living, existence
life
survival, survive

%
4'

+d

5 strokes

5 strokes

Ffia
use, employ
forms; stationery

skin, the skin

Emm superficial, shallow

&% a conveyor belt

purpose, object, goal

EEI k

cultivated land, fields

means; source; permit

2~

contradiction
contradictory terms

3% $%

p+$ A\

marshal; display, set forth

t;

the sexagenary cycle

% ti arrows and stones

4 "4

(in ancient warfare)

$$ % a poisoned arrow
E; 9 bow and arrow

+
4
34

6,a
kerosene
6
stone implement

0A

Caucasian, white man

6 strokes

6 strokes

growing grain,
growing rice

%&% edible grains, cereals

9-35

194

'

>

Tpd cave, hole

RE
RR
E

a)

dwell in a cave
depth of a grave
a grave

%I

37.1
53 "d

-zt%

195

# incident, affair, matter

1% {+ condition, stipulation
(+ @

2&
2&

exchange, interchange
negotiate, bargain

& gu plans; make a plan

&
intend; contemplate;
undertake

4
203

4
198

7 5

Watch of the Boar, the period 4 A )

between9 and 11 P.M.
% '?. Year of the Boar
dd
4 "2
Day of the Boar

&@
'

12th of the 12 Earth's

Branches; boar, pig

iR
A

204

number of cases,
number of incidents

4-- a 3
:K 4K- {A{A
5

;f

7 )E

prostrate; yield; humble;

q
hide, lie in ambush;
suppress; secret
surrender, capitulate
32 +
three "dog dayswof summer
hide, conceal oneself;
"d-+
dormant, latent

6 strokes

6 strokes

+@

eg,

'
n

213

thewhole,all
pan-national, nation-wide,
the whole country
completely, entirely

communism
combined, joint
3o- 5 5
o.
#EZ% communism
t."JTq
&@
be common, be common to + g

rliB@

214
O?

9
, ,$

JL 4

a trillion; omen, sign

indication, sign; omen
sign, indication, omen
a hundred million and a
trillion ;myriads

reconstruction

1-

I+

4
. fk*

IL 4
210

first, front, foremost

a teacher; gentleman;
Mister (honorific)
f k a senior, an elder
fk,@& a forerunner;
the vanguard

49

~2 Zi?

a4
04

n2154

209

ifj Bj- efiqyear before last

"J "8

.';!~ f

47.1

34 4.
3?rl 334?-d

punishment

f l ]f a criminal case; detective,

3 A\

police investigator
fl]& criminal law
fl]g place of execution

7jd %I-

)tF 9 arrange in order; enumerate,

classify;each one;
file, rank; series

a train

n2 1 64

again, repeated

@ A a second time, twice

jIj

JJ%

?IJ@ the Great Powers

811 archipelago

%g

34

03 >\

93
95

6 strokes

ft & crisis, emergency,

critical situation

@&
@ $g

an impression
a seal impression

& & each, every; all;

a lucky dream,dream

6 strokes

6 strokes
so\&

return; Mohammedan;
time, occasion

4
asibefore, as ever
BR %

EZE the present, now;at present; gxq

this world; present tense
exist, be extant
%@ site, position, location;
whereabouts
&E&

Bll..

many and few; some;

quantity, amount
good fortune, good luck
kindness, humaneness

S4

&31

4-k
L+88

4x2

senility, dotage

*F

+PI-

9%

character, letter, writing

Sino-Korean characters,
Chinese characters
character dictionary

life and death; existence

5 ~2

t@5j?.

232
/

---7

2971 barbarians; eastern

g g $ &ss

01

barbarians; squat

3 # strange
the eastern
custom
barbarians

01 q

8 0 1

3
233

ZL
k

%L

"1

*hi?,

queen; royal concubine;

wife; lady *

queen dowager
342 queen consort
42% queen and royal concubine

4
4 "1
%L "1
dl M I

spouse; wife of

6 strokes

6 strokes

& $$?jplace of a ceremony

f$$& a ceremony, a rite

arrange
safety, security
,'.

243

--

3 '
%

-+E amonastery,
a Buddhist temple
Buddhist temple
k%famous
l
Buddhist temple
in KyZingju dating
from 691 A.D.

7f ~
,

.I-

3
244

1-J
,I.

'

)I

*I

Buddhist temple; hall

1.

.Jx

*?+pointed,

.k

sharp

fine point, pointed tip;

vanguard
'I;-%! be sharp, acute; be radical
'I;- & military spearhead
.LOA

A\

A\

3
44-

.]

-).

.I-I j-1- j-1-1

3

Watch of the Dog,

between 7 and 9 P.M.

entrust; request

fi)-E depend on, rely on

qe
E?- "2

3
251

246

-J

%,dl
34 %!

245

k%@

3%

region, state, province

provinces and counties

?%
the nine provinces of Silla
j'- 7
91.19$ state governor
f zlA\

J+lf$S

h ,,.I,

4%

harvest; collect; receive what

is due, gather together;
bind; bring to an end
income, earnings

2
252

4frB to house, accommodate

4
harvest, gather in

+
$- "d
f- -$

f4

6 strokes

6 strokes

@
El

early marriage

253

El

period of ten days;

one-third of a month
f;$ the final ten days of
a month
$ the middle ten days of
a month
$#Ifirst and tenth of a month

254

,,
El

1%

$&

A
i
r

Sl-5

%*

36

9
P

""

crooked, bent, false.

wrong; tune
a curvedline, curves

3 a tune, a melody

@~

meandering ; circumstances

9%

exist, be; have, possess

?3 % be famous, well-known
4% 2 be influential;
convincing; powerful

?34 full of promise. hopeful

tkf&

hereafter, in the future

a14

rivers and mountains,

*4
*E

+3
%

-8-g
%'rl
-8-nk

$1
4 rivers and lakes,
scenary, retreat

6 strokes

6 strokes

1.
4; %

nl*

brown rice,
unpolished rice
rice/grain dealer

8J

~1

D \ ~ A J

271

@&

-1

-2

F E wool

I4

0,t

40,t

goat; antelope
milk

"& -E-

lotus pond; pond

gray; ash color,

well-cooked; experienced

0
274

z@ old woman

the old and the young

k&

9 3 +z% examine, consider

3-4

S$ $ examination, test
3 18 deliberate, consider
S$g examine, inquire into

the common people

i'Zg&department store
fl one - hundred days

45

ifii

3 4

3 22

275

72

"2

sheep, goat

0 ,

7-

9 6 1 3 and; but; like; nevertheless

%Zt;;iTii~-+ however, be that as it may

01

361

9 61 ~ k q

276

73

6 strokes

6 strokes

fif. $

boating; a boat ride

skiff, small boat
$3 @j pontoon bridge

E $3

IhJg the body, the flesh

% color, hue; coloring

f5S

color blindness

a%?

blood vessel

6@

behavior, conduct;
action, movement
conduct, actions;
a function, an event
whereabouts

self, oneself; himself,

65

63

3 0
281

=is? k %1

??

282

74

L - 4 - 4
. &$B

a!#

tongue
unfortunate slip of the
tongue
argument, battle of tongues

4
JJS\

3 xd

7 strokes

7 strokes

)%{kgassistant, helper, aide

EE

residents, inhabitants

fE'% residence, home, house

I 4

fZ
A
293

df

42

4;

aa

rank; esteemed; seat;

position

place, location;
position; situation
a"a (2 dignity; nobility
SB gentlemen

lidOUBs'l in any event, anyway

$1 21
9 91
211 $1

slightest, any, little

-7 strokes

'

'4%

7 strokes

J+y Buddha; France

-7
,

a&

@@

Buddhism
statue of the ~ u d d h a
Buddhist scriptures

%-

+gz
z AL0

-%4

13

strive, endeavor

7 strokes

7 strokes

i%Jk absorb, assimilate, suck in

% I absorb, suck up

#@ smoke tobacco

g ;-h

I, me; we, us; mankind

rn 9

be difficult; troublesome
awkward situation,

E
l & balance, equilibrium
3 equal, uniform, even

Fm

average; on the average

43

7 strokes

7 strokes

chess situation

bureau director

tail; follow; end

follow; surveil

jg@
Idj

obstruct, hamper,prevent

d&

tI\

make one's rounds;

inspection tour

hope for; Greece

gE

compromise,
come to terms with
g E reasonable, appropriate
#i&
compromise

E\

fiR

hospital bed
a wooden bed

7 strokes

7 strokes
/

j-

$
@ ff

$ &z
gg

the court, the government

the court, the government

court of law, tribunal
the Royal Court

3
7
6

44

3Jd

,em

shun, avoid

,e@evade, shun, shirk; take

,G !.# patience; perseverance

Jiff

ingredient, component,
succeed, achieve

91

71

7 strokes

7 strokes

4 41

warn, caution; precepts

transgress, violate
Buddhist law

support, maintain

4 %kqoppose, resist
fiii)E

resist; rebel against

p craftsmanship,
j

j g ~ m g mutual
t~
assistance,

fit in; submit; go toward

E% cast a ballot, vote

@

invest, put up money

E$J anonymous note;

contribute to write for

mechanical skill

& B#
& Ph

attack, assault; verbally

attack, denounce
offensive and defensive

7 strokes

$w

j~f i

''

362

xq

J+

wH

4
4 s-

material, stuff
materials

49

H $ lumber, timber

3%

% S T $ 3
364

I#I
'

every day, each day

each year, yearly

R
R&

resolve; resolution
decide, resolve

inspect; sight-see

$$
A

@ El

4 71

resources, material
363

sentry, guard
walk, go afoot

1'

I-/

-&A-

I.1

bind; control, restrain,

keep in order

-I

+*

KJ3R
%#

bind,
promise,
put give
under
one's
the yoke,
word
q+
shackle
g+f fj? helpless, one's hands f ++*j
are tied
~ rural
~ ~ ~community
~ i l , a g e ,

*$% village, hamlet

#$'% village house, cou.try

house

- .

gloomy, melancholy

t k ~go to the bottom, sink

bathe, wash oneself

7 strokes

7 strokes

$L

private establishment

$L & private ownership

$L +q self-interest, private gain

A\

Z]

8% study, research

%@. lineage; source, origin;

disaster victims

g3

a man, a male

& man and woman,

&

male and female

one's own children;
brother and sister

All is lost!

E l
@

f@

W
/I;

af

a portrait, likeness
resemblance
be unworthy of one's
father, be unlike one's

liver and gall; one's

innermost heart

gracefuI; handsome
a prodigy, a genius
superior; predominant

91

7 strokes

&
, fk

117:
ffj

a right angle
an angle; view, standpoint

communize, sovietize

+E
a look from a running

-.

'

+-

9%

**

=+z
urt

fi

386

As
/

53: 0
388

kg

F:

-3

T'

17 17

gJ

1\

valley, ravine

L4 6 mountain valley

dark valley, deep valley

gorge, canyon, ravine

beans;peas
soy beans
bean curd
green peas

90-1
9%
9 *J

satisfied, contented

j#j@

=
1

"J+

++
TI+

47
74-

++

shells; treasure

I! %Q shellfish
F! Ihi shellware, shell goods
W % a shell

4 5~1%
51q~

0 @$@ bicycle
$@
vehicles
A ijj& automobile, car, truck

4-734

*F ?+
4-54

394

9
,
" 0
389

izL

F- s'
6. 6

'

@ 0
38,

7.

words, speech; talk,

speak, express; mean
language. speech
allude to, mention
words and deeds,
speech and action

'

bitter, acrid; distressing,

toilsome, grievous

PX

suffer bitter experiences

% be sharp, biting, pungent

% spicy hot taste

4
AJx

"Jg
du1

8 strokes

7 strokes

guard against, ward off

@?

&3

ER

?l]%
@ #Si'$

%3

BB

$3

include, contain;
embraces; covers
imply, suggest

$La

a wet nurse

$1

the female breast

affair,matter;undertaking,
business; serve

BR

fact, reality; actua1ity;truth

circumstances, the situation,
state of things
incident, affair, case

dkql

confederation
ally, friendly state

moment, instant
hell, an inferno
vicinity, neighborhood;

E%

defense (as in "defense

Branches; cock, rooster

Watch of the Cock,
the period between
5 a n d 7 P.M.
Year of the Rooster
DayoftheRooster

1 7
406

g&

$I%

A\

*)a

47d
At

d_

8 strokes

8 strokes

flJ$7

concrete example
common practice,
custom; customary

the fixed official pric

use, employ, apply

rJ

5771

rabbit

rabbit droppings
utch, rabbit box
rabbit skin

&

4.

L
E
S
+_A\

LE31

JL 6
417

oto]

i
'

47
JL 6
418

L7

9b

a
/J\

son, child
child, children
orphan
infant; young child

O\

.)a
z o t

8 strokes

8 strokes

chit, bank note

law; documents; control;

mortgage

B%

certificate, bond,

34

work laboriously;

4@

craven
lowly, obscure, humble

%$$ dictionary, lexicon

&E

a classic, the classics,

old books
$tC@BtJ typical, model

arrive at, reach

$1)
$1)

arrive at a destination
everywhere, everyplace
arrival, advent; visitation

laws; regulate, govern;

determine, decide,
fix; prepare

%I]

restrict, limit
establish, enact, institute
$ j J j ~regulation dress, uniform

41

.l)
51

3)ZJ

8 strokes

8 strokes

34

overwhelm, overrun

@a

WE

call to; act in concert

H%

stubborn; persistent

examine, investigate

EF
i J firm, solid, strong

5 1%

take over, assume

8 strokes

'+J

night, nighttime;the dark

&Be']

nighttime, night
night guard
night duty, night shift work

bs

&a

8 strokes

0)

0k 4
0k 8

44 3
s

&

3I

7)

$
'

01 2 strange, rare, wonderful

curious, extraordinary

P$$ strange.
odd; exquisite,
wonderful
3% a strange story

71
71
7) 3
71

of one's sister

service, serve
serve in government,
hold official office

concubine, mistress

father's sister

&a paternal aunt

mother-in-law and

"4

8 strokes

8 strokes

entrust, commission

7@ the universe, the cosmos

q&&fi

8 @J

space travel

regular, scheduled,

friendless, lonesome,

EB dwell at, live in

E E dwell, reside, inhabit
l&sa living room

humiliation, disgrace

& bent, winding

E fJF surrender, yield

+f

8 strokes

8 strokes

k%
a young
i
(waxing) moon
@ 4 string music

~ 1 5 ;conquer, subjugate,
@&
@

conquer, subjugate
go on expedition

~2z ,

8 strokes

8 strokes

repeat from memory

someone, some person

8 strokes

8 strokes

disobey, rebel

#IF

applause, clapping
musical beat, time,

cultivation; exploit,

M@Jl bright, cheerful

!Yj $

g@

detain, keep in custody

;I;# not be hindered by;

plain, obvious
definite, clear

easy, simple
fortune telling, divination

%P$

ascend and descend;

ascension to heaven
be promoted

disregard obstacles

W&

8 strokes

@
@@

a
O5054

%
1

* 9::
3
11

-w?
n

J,

41

fJ

fi RJ

5.2 A4

IB
fl Al 8f
507

*'
508

- 7
$

4-

$3 $3.

dusk, twilight
faint, fall unconscious
lapse into a coma,
become comatose

a long time
past and present
last year; ancient times

friend, companion;
match, pair

friend, companion
m l faction, clique, coterie
mx+jE "confidence between
friends"

3 4
Aj 'd

clothes; swallow; dose of

medicine; serve, submit
overcome, conquer

aB@ obey; yield

161% public service

tlo
-br

3-9
+++-AJ

++
2
72
0a

97-

513

board, p l d

#?? a board, a plank

&+ woodblock-printedbook

$7 #?rEjJ&P'anmunj6m

Fl

S...z\
%&
4-3

41 71

a pillow

%*

a block; railroad crosstie

wooden pillow
pillow and bed;
sleeping place

*a
&t;b
514

+-+4
%J

2t

2J

8 strokes

8 strokes

Efiff branches and leaves;

poison; evil, hurtful

a poisonous snake

5
519

--jq

;v
%

. .

$Jll l

rivers; streams and

@$J

canal, waterway

;fiit4

oil, fat, grease; paint,

varnish

petroleum; kerosene
anoilfie,
crude oil, petroleum

4%
%

91%

? &E

:a :-> '
-&$k

42:

7)
%

'

:'

&

5
526

*J;\)

* A

)%

:A

4'

law, statute, rule; plan,

method; example;
doctrines of Buddha

E$

alaw; thelaw
court of law
a judge

cry, weep

a,

:B-am

be moved to tears
tearful remonstrance
implore, request with tears

4%
4%
i
!
!

Q
7FA
u tl

4-7,F
$id

8 strokes

8 strokes

94

&

5
529

530

IlhiE

situation, state of affairs

set type, compose type
publish, print, bring out

4%

>

2J$

mud, mire; plaster; paste

~1

rl

$1; @ get dead drunk

# + mud; clay, potter's clay

j ~ 6 gilt paint

'

%4
#

j$*

a>

*'

H
*

41 94 swim, dive

..

*$k

swim
the backstroke
swimming pool

j:

>

'

gg

flame; bright; brilliant;

inflammation, ... itis

9: 3:

531

'
\Ir

g&

$ $$

$I% intense summer heat

broiling weather;
a blazing sun
@$I intense heat

&x

1%
mjq

9%
532

pour water; concentrate

heed, pay attention,
be cautious of
order (as a suit of clothes),
commission
take notice, pay attention

01

0)s
61

-S

+
?GI

f2

?9
%I
-r003

~13
g
c
d;a'

4
8

fi

waves, rough sea

.@@

>+ ;z
-2-

printing block

undulation; fluctuation
ripples

-L

; ;

34

s\+

.,

3
a)E

~@Bwave-motion,

7 1
.

waves (on water)

dispute, wrangle
contest, competition
struggle; strife;
a campaign
compete,scramble,
struggle

3
% O$

$3

%-$

24

7x8

4 E&

?!

*?

34
5%

8 strokes

8 strokes

kd

e
'

&
)

539

*17

blind; deluded

El Fj blindly, recklessly

'

$-E
@

blind faith, blind belief

the blind and the dumb

4
u j +q
94
dot

e -a
c
,q

straight, direct; honest

5 fi

#
@
.
&$j

straight line
directly; personally
immediately prior, right
before

ill

44
4 xd

540

",F

know

9% knowledge, learning
9% sense, judgment;
perception

P7

B# intellect,mentality

$u

4
44
31 q
4 "2

sacrifice, offering; sacrifices

A\
to the dead: a year
sacrificial rite; ancestor
A] A\
worship service
sacrifice to one's ancestors %A\
Sjje memorial sacrifice held
ELL)
at a grave

A] A )

ejie
.

%%e

?-

, if.
rn
9y /z,3 a#
7'
543

'

UJ

'

- ,1

3
544

,*
'

I?

P2 company, society; earth god,

altar to the earth god
@'&
society, the public
451
pkH company use, business use A\$
public commercial
A\X
announcement;
advertisement
sky,air;empty;hollow;
zero

notebook
9 % vainly,
~ ) fruitlessly
3% vain dream, fantasy

3ill

~0L 0A L

n a

13 J$

0 1

54

&2--

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550

be persuaded of

+%

lie down, rest

. @% lie sick in bed

@@ liedownwithsickness
@& sleep and eat, live an
ideal life

9)

qk $
qk "4
9FA?

8 strokes

8 strokes

cottage, shed; lodge,

reside at; my younger
relative; put away; omit
&@ room for entertaining
male guests
$@&boarding house; dormitory
gg an official residence

ZJ

flowers; vice; assorted

E@

Silla ~011th
excelling in
beauty, bravery, and
military arts
flowerpoi
flower garden

EtE$1
Em

sprout, shoot, germ

@$$

ng

germinate, sprout
bud-grafting

4%
71f A)

44
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*%

o\
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9 strokes

8 strokes

,$? pavilion, summerhouse

+i# pavilion, summerhouse

Zd 7)

34

ue, green; young

EB

marquis, marquess
feudal lords

Ep7i toilet; restroom

convenient, handy, useful

4 S]

9 strokes

9 strokes

$--;e?

superior, eminent, heroic,

refined, handsome

@% be talented and refined

F A

TT

@;P eminent ability, talent

a great man, a hero

54
53

Sfi importune, press, urge

fig promote, expedite

31
Qs!

+
I
7

47

fia

urgent, imminent; acute

consequently, accordingly

RHIJ fundamental principle,

+%L

574

4'
A

'

+?+customs, practices; vulgar,

(9 * {%-#%

575

w1

XSi_eprotect, guard; guarantee

R%

#a
#rff

7
576

protect, safeguard
take custody. watchover
preserve, maintain

$3

E&

Es
577
3

belleve in, trust; confidence;

token; letter; news; envoy
trust, rely on; credit
belief, conviction
fidelity, truthfulness;
faithfulness

1-

cap, crown
ceremonies for coming of
age and marriage
IIj %?$$ ancient court costume;
attire of a bridegroom
"hat ceremony", coming
of age ceremony

a@

- FL 7z
7
578

$L

Y.5

94
Xg

4%

j?f 4%

common; worldly;
unrefined; lay (not clerical)
L k GL
proverb, saying
1 T1
the mundane world,
earthly existence
folk customs
uJl

z$$$

X bravery, courage
& brave man; warrior
& intrepid; valiant

+l

4.45
4 'd
AJ-21

4s
44

the South; southern

$j@ the south pole

&j k

south and north; south

Korea and north Korea

9 strokes

9 strokes

%$$L

rebel, revolt
revolt; plot treason

QA\+ adultery; rape

3ZgB implore, supplicate

23% grief, sorrow

intercourse
adultery; fornication

---

@,!%gEa lost messenger

)
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A&,)&

589

u
m
a

7
6

590

17

d x3

.Q

LZJ@
'Q

v" VU

esteemednephew
(honorific)
Hamkyiing province
things, goods; quality;
kind, class; conduct,
deportment

v '

-Q\

all, togther

GEi

$%%\A\

@*l

$L<

kind, variety, species

%%
quality
5'2
articles, commodities,goods 3%

,fi@

one's uncle and

9 strokes

9 strokes

screen against a draft

pictured screen

%a

,
fi

605

,A
'

,
)

*m.lEfi
Y

%X

1 'r zk+- Ern

7

Y$M.

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& ,&
45
OF%!
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607

%B
Efi

house; building, structure

outside, outdoors
Western-style house

7\+

1-

6
608

%
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an empire
imperial government,
rule by imperial
government
emperor
commander, leader
field marshal, fleet admiral
generdissimn,
commander-in-chief
command, control,
leadership

71 0

dark, g1oomy;arcane;
subtle; retired, lonely
@% spirit of the dead; ghost,
specter; supernatural
visitor
IYYM incarcerate, confine
@g brightness and darkness

@$&

L1

rule, law, limit, degree

calculate, estimate
system
frequency, number of
times; percent alcohol
in liquor
survey land

A1
41 4

4 %L

9
+ilf

~k+
%f
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+41
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HIE

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9 strokes

9 strokes

,&@

%%

murmur against

entertain, treat
expect, count on;
anticipate, hope for
stand by, await call

@z the rear, rear area

f%&
f

regret, be sorry for

military retreat; retreat

careless, negligent; remiss

pq

4 D,F

9 strokes

if%%
%@

Rj?j

--

+ 7

nominate; designate

33

reason. cause; die,

the former
native place, place of
origin
accident; reasons,
circumstances
the departed. the deceased

&

626

132

&
5

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maintain, support
sustain, maintain
possess, bear, carry

@ gk i&

~I.z&
A\X

02

9 strokes

9 strokes

be exhausted
#i*dead tree, withered tree
~% withered leaf

38

somebody, something,
so-and-so, such-and-such
a certain place, solneplace
a certain kind, some kind of

&a
&@

assess taxes; revise a budget A\J,,

in-laws relatives by

gB

soft, pliable, flexible

judo, jujitsu

X6

LLZ~

=%

9 strokes

9 strokes

aflj Asian continent

#& dispatch forces,

'&%:athe Naktong River

9 strokes

9 strokes
/

El.47

\/7

emperor

3%

G' @ 3%

emperor
imperial household

B
3J 41

9 strokes

9 strokes

Wfg

R@

study, research,inquire into

study and train, take training

47

++

ifif# pray, offer prayer

ifim

pray, supplicate

$Z,% commemorate

department; science

@@I$$ laborer, worker

gB

t4.S

traditional state

writer, author

fg$ envoy, messenger;

g\HtLpatience; perseverance

rush in, dash in

%%& Christianity
3

674

k,-- A T 4

.*'

\\\

.*xZ

9 4 Ad

9 strokes

9 strokes
\

+f-

BFj7j

stomach and intestines

@% stomach ulcer
E@ stomachache

*'

81

1
4k

\=7

A'

11

sprouts; growing corn

%$

sapling
plant a seedling;
a seedling
seedbed, seed-plot

s~

*L

m la
A'

#JIB a Chinese garment

44s indeed; if, only

ZjR

Zje

indigent; ignoble
ease temporarily

3%

5=

3.2
7
'F4
70k

688

T S % important, necessary; must;

8T

a little, a few, some

mg@kas clear as light

if, supposing, by chance

o&%t

summarize; demand; seek

for; make an agreement
I%
essential element; requisite Bt
%
demand; request; call for
AT
the main point, the general 3 4
idea; outline, summary

9 strokes

9 strokes

'rB% oppress, persecute

@aedit, retouch

%& write a book

state; a statement
terms; technical terms;

4%heavy; important; severe

lib restrict, limit

rn
i&@

mutual aid; go aid

go for assistance

FZkf

military, military affairs

V!$$?the army, military forces

)
,

soldier, military man

*A\

term, period
limit, qualify, restrict

@
@ iarea, square measure

ft4
%@

aspects, features; face,

countenance, honor
the surface, the face,
the outside; appearance

10 strokes

9 strokes

@i
food
&
and drink; food

prime minister, premier

+Ak

storehouse, warehouse

%g%l
hastily, in a rush

10 strokes

10 strokes

+@j
@@

faint; die; be stunned

demolish, tear down;

%&

table for two

i%%

freeze to death

GB overdraw

desolate; plaintive; sad;

10 strokes

10 strokes

$3
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~q f l l ]

71
728

WIB

7d.

hard, unyielding
firmness; fortitude;
strength of character
decisive; determined;
resolute
be upright, have integrity

7 0 71
~
~bq-

5% source, origin,
beginning; natural;
derivation; plateau,
high plain; high level
the origin
7 29

$'

wise, knowing

philosophy
philosophy of, philosophical
principles of
B6% philosopher

;If- $*- ;trii@

7xn

Ztf
BE9

$V
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f .k

77

$6

weep,
. cry, mourn for
~

@E lamentation

Mz

wail, weep aloud

wailing

lmember; associate

hR

,-"
7

733

4s
$3
ip

4f+

G'

J'$

p
5-

staff member, personnel

member of a medical staff
National Assemblyman

F@

single-stringed fiddle

%*

%I

9%
9
13
21*J

' 1

$
"

7 38

+L+&
Tang Dynasty, China,

%;

+I
Qt
Z+

Chinese

carrot
audaciously;
presumptuously
Chinese rice paper

4 5
+, *3
' At & 4k

i(

%LJI

jp

+-Z

%LS

4;

7 39

'

+ 4$q

girl, woman; wife

& 7 maiden, maidens

,
g

a mass of women, an
ar rn y of women

f7J

rejoice; amuse; pleasure

&4

%
%b3

9 3 ~ ~

amusement; entertainment
@$$& amusement room, arcade

10 strokes

10 strokes

develop; unfold

&g

$qg
$!?%

'

1%'

744
I

7
745

1-

fi fi

j5)

x.
1-,

U an island state,
hinder, prevent, obstruct
gain and loss, advantage
and disadvantage
murder, kill
house; family; specialist,
professional; class,
school

MJ-84
01

4
' I

7F4

family, household
~ J L .furniture

7F+

9%
BE
BIB

B$$

7F'F

750

appearance, manner; allow,

accommodate; endure;
forgive; contain;
admit; capacity; easy
forgive, pardon
-%A
capacity; volume; bulk
4-4
looks, features, appearance -f$X

3)

send

% gR

%% family; home

!$Bk

423 difference, discrepancy;

7F

-%

-% j ~ f i
,"!!
I
T

differentiate
confiscate. seize
teacher, instructor,
master; army division

4
1
3

difference, disparity

ZXI] discriminate,

@@

1
3

army division

d @ engineer, technician
9 Madame, Mrs. (honorific
form)

751

+I

2) %

3)"&

4
A\L&
71AF

A)X

10 strokes

10 strokes

z ) ~ ] a seat; throne; base,

stand; constellation

JL. 6
760

,G
761

%v -&u ky
IL I&
IU
;

2'

$ $

;^"

:z

&?& impertinent, impudent

Sfi willfulness,

16

4 4 4 fearful

2% ;2
1

EN

5% 5%

,G 6
762

intimidate, threaten,
blackmail
E g s henpecked husband

F P

+nqf ashamed; shame

8i.E shame, disgrace
- %Ti.

6
763

qL

xiad
SL

235

2
'
2

%47)
--- -

I&'

@Ti.
dh

self-indulgence

b'& fear, terror

5% 3%

poor; scanty, limited

t#x)q impudent, impertinent,

uppish; licentious;
dissipation

;.F?

q c2 ~ :

national disgrace,
national humiliation
dishonor, disgrace

31

1 1 4?4
f 21
1

10 strokes

10 strokes

,I

fist; clench, clasp

@ *pa h.eB

pistol

+i%J boxing, box

iron fist, strong fist

.,
3%

seize

prisoner ofwar

&% arrest, apprehend

Gtik
j fa arrest and tie up,

5% disrespectful,

3
?I*
?If
3%
P
P1
24135
3q

apprehend

irreverent, rude
771

;rv kF ?<

772

'I d

#@

seize, grasp
catch, capture; catch,
understand

2%

shake; move; flap

@% promote, encourage;

%% rapture, ecstasy;
religious exaltation
glee, delight

f
77 3

,I #I*

,J

;leg

repent, regret; reject

%!% regret, feel sorry for

&

repent
remorse

317ll
3
1

,
I
'E

'
8

4 3"

become aware of,

apprehend, awake

Btl

understand; perceive;
be ready to
regret, feel remorse

*%
769
i

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2&$+$

,3-

>C

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$1

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$A
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32
3
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775

++

-$-

a
4%

2J%
+AJ

belike, imitate;
efficacious; endeavor

22% efficacy; results, effect

fffi@ efficiency, efficient

774

7 68

iE
1L

4
qd

#GEi%
TE

be encouraged;
be aroused
oscillate, swing; vibrate
dull, stagnant, depressed

Y
ZZ;F

lose effect, be invalidated,

be nullified

&

zfi
3i-3

22%
E

oF~calculate,estimate,
consider; arrange;
materials, ingredients

~ f 3
materials

$+& the fee, the cost

s~

free of charge

4
22%

Yh

10 strokes

10 strokes

qa
.

@a

782

time; hour, o'clock; season

A)

@$

@ BsEj time; an hour

@a

@%I]

time, season, period

the hour and minute;
the exact time

783

$Af?+
ifia a

~ h i n e s juniper
e
tree;
pine nut

,$

$EF
@I]@

780

$77 $77
,
jfi

pine nuts, pine seeds

Chinese juniper tree

\fi

a,

%E?l

kernel; investigate

g&

tuberculosis; tubercle
atomic nucleus
kernel; core

@?&

tree trunk; stock

[ j

?-

&E
3+

shares, stocks
stockholder
stock certificate

+&

%&I plant trees

&$& patted plant

to plant; sow
cultivate, raise, grow

ii!
X F ~

iz ~3
iz Zd

1
7df4

%xtq

14
f
f"!
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+TI

JH
4 ~1
4 "4
+4-l

785

'4

9~1root, beginning, cause

@*

root. origin, source

&! @ origin, fountainhead,
source
@@ basis, foundation;
based on, founded on;
authority

u44
r
1 ull
1

chestnut tree;firm, durable;

full (as when ripe);
cold, chilly
chestnut tree
chestnut

41

&
.

786

%*

'

north wind of winter

monthly salary
the new moon

,-,,,,.:
7

'*
784

school; check, examine,

revise
the principal,
headmaster
@ @ school playground,
campus
revise

+&

?Hi

T816

$23-4'
787

&

t
3&
3%
t7-l
A1

cinnamon, cassia

BE
$$

@H

cinnamon bark
laurel tree; bay tree
cinnamon tree; cassia tree

731 $1
94
41

10 strokes

10 strokes

44

788

, $ $ $&

3 3
*

789

gs

jl:

rule; limit; frame; form;

ruled spaces; category
character, personality
grapple, fight
hand-to-hand
rules, norms. form

+%")peach; profligacy

aM

pink, rose (color of love);

love
walnut
peach blossom

&

draft, draw up

8LRjt #L

7$

4
4 f
@ ~ f @ die in the line of duty

44

(+I
E>4
3.5
53)

agriculture and

@%

mulberry leaves

fi
#j EEI

inlet; port, boat landing

riverside field

P7

10 strokes

10 strokes

@B

waft, float in the air;

involve, concern,implicate;

,eq

Alas! Alack!

?&@ romance, romantic

+$& special feature,

'

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,n.K
;6

;e

' --'

-2

--*
:3
J

+$@

./

9%
@A
@&
@@

soak, immerse; flood

penetrate, invade, raid
beflooded, inundated
baptismby immersion

*
%JOJ

24 L;
%Ja1

privilege, prerogative

10 strokes

10 strokes

animals; store up

SE livestock; livestock

$!%&unprofitable, useless

% 23 profitable, beneficial

2$

public good

@ ,% be attentive to;
@

bear in mind
study abroad

work without surcease

@
&@

fatigued, exhausted
be impoverished

infectious disease

10 strokes

10 strokes

I!Zl fatherland

nerves; energy; genius

progression, a series

3% class, grade, rank

B#& rank, grade; social class

31S

10 strokes

10 strokes

intimidating letter

N@
CUE

2 ~ \ %+0l

A&

*:

42- $$$*
princess (daughter of a

J / 3 4
4
840

/L?C /'\

41 g
d

841

"

%-f
$ 1 smell of milk

king and a royal

concubine)
father-in-law andson-in-law

J2

"

old gentleman, old man,

"sir"

aplow

%#f'FMland under cultivation

846

7'-

8 3x1

44-

34

b'? %*

pulse, pulsation
mountain range
blood vessel

E
847

5
1

01%

scenic view, landscape

BFfrQ
t
3fatal
- agree, concur

Z P iGk

91 S&

reach, extend to

( 9 strokes in original
form,
.)

31

84
21 '3 4
331

10 strokes

10 strokes

$$

fly, navigate the air

sail, navigate the sea
aircraft carrier

sort, manner, class;

all kinds, all sorts

EE

vast, boundless

#j$j look into, examine

m$

zB
g~

311% teaching, instruction;

orchid; iris

311s instruct; direct

tearoom, teahouse
tea and cakes, light
refreshment

.rL

2
1
+

L-4

,
r

vZ

&

zzB
&S

reporter, journalist;
stenographer
arecord, torecord
anarticle, an account

01-1
$dq

how, how can it possibly be

delighted; triumphant

&$i

w h.*9 9-

devastated, desolated
wilderness, wilds;

mfii& barren tract, wasteland

7\49record, a record, a mark;

+?J)

3
859

71

remember

.-

*?

d-'+
<
/
%I s-

victory song; song of

triumph; paean

714
71%
71

471

71
71 7\

10 strokes

10 strokes

*
1

-r

W&

contribute to; render

service to
rlce for government taxes
pay tribute (to a l q e r state)
.

*%

"5

property, wealth

Mi&

finance, fiscal matters

property goods
an estate, property,
possessions

4
44

EX
F!

860

offer as tribute

$1g

5 5

----

a 53 jq
11 fl 4

!kt%

33,

31

4 "i

0:4+rise; start

71

@R originate in, spring from

&El cause

k,

22

i&B

71 %!

escape, desert, decamp

71&

862

~ 1 7balcony; high

A%?!

Yul-gok in Kangniing

6
868

<&.
&

disgrace, defile; abuse

swear, curse
humiliation, shame
restore honor,
clear oneself of shame

s 4 &%oppose,

&

disobey;
contrary, refractory;
anticipate

L
/.\
@

'

869
--

4%+!
$4"2%

*&

3l-P

*d

gbn
Sg

follow, pursue; seekout;

look back on; press, dun
add to, supplement;
"moreover"
press hard, probe to the
heart of servilely obey, be a slave to

.c

5
97 )
f3

4%

@[3
87 1

Erik

%M

anger
j!$% rebels, traitors
j!$ 5 adverse situation

'4
"?d
'4 4
'44
I

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870

4%

5.31

E.7

ij)k
11 3

I;

escape, flee; evade

71

indict, bring charges

against

,e.'f~$.T@ukhiin,shrine of Yi

accompany, escort

nJ bewildered; fascinated;
deluded; lost
g~ superstition,
superstitious belief
&@ path of error; maze
ss bewildered, confused;
infatuated with
++A\

a]

.I d

~ 1 %

young man,young gentleman 9

%@P bridegroom
"J ?+
E@P%Way
ofthe Huarmng
llli
(young knights of Silla)
4 %'esteemed
(honorific)
son-in-law
x)q

10 strokes

10 strokes

4
Em

T~

within the building,

within the institution

match, mate, pair, fit;

find a match; worthy,
suitab1e;suffer punishment

ear, turn a deaf ear to

HfY
g$f

seamstress
an hour hand, short hand

@T fall; drop; descend

c&%J

11 strokes

11 strokes

- k-

vice, subsidiary; aid

ZU@$El vice-president
even if, granting that

?J$J@ animal, living creature

?J$J {F move members of the

B-

953 splendid, admirable

B41
888

great man; master

thinker
grand, wonderful, great
great power,
mighty force

4
6J
44
+I q

11 strokes

11 strokes

%
a song; singing
gpg sing in unison

%Pa

famous song;
celebrated singer

Wfi

execute,
hold political
carrypower
out

ft,*

concentrate the mind

grow, raise

@% enlighten, edify

g?j?

reveal, revelation

i%j%

commerce, business;
engage in business

&@

a foundation, a base

&& base, basis: foothold

11 strokes

11 strokes

lady-in-waiting,
female attendant

@ A lady, married woman

@k females. women.
secret-service agent

S
B
E
J

a speciality; a major;
a branch of learning
@
senior managing director
g , ~ devote
,
oneself to, put
heart and soul into

73y

11 strokes

11 strokes

an account book

@% tent; canopy; curtain

gR

solidarity;joint liability
be accompanied by,
take another with
R@IJwear a sword; have a
sword at one's side

Rm

94

@!&

score, earn points; the score

+$

11 strokes

11 strokes

relatives on one's
mother's side

&% feeling, emotion,

RB

situation, state of things

ZJ

41

E%

instruction, lessons

@% give and receive;

@@ appalling, gruesome

184

11 strokes

11 strokes

&% education, instruction

Rpoq

learn by inquiry; learn,

hear, get wind of

save, rescue, a1

#kg

take or receive what is

#ail
#kW

presume, conjecture
recommend, sponsor

&x

&%
:

rescue, save
aid, help, save

@4$$

slanted line

11 strokes

11 strokes

& of the same race, from

the same countr

paulownia tree
sultan's parasol
yirmiana platanifolia)

morning star

the theatrical world;

11 strokes

11 strokes

regular; a long thing

#%#stipulation, term

&#

machine, machinery

#
ambition, desire
W& lust, desire
#;ifZ

craving, want, desire

Eft1 confusion, chaos

-1

%@ shed tears, weep

&@

tears of gratitude,
tears of emotion

R TGT

7
0
n1S.

'1-

deep; profound, abstruse;

intimate; long; extreme

ggu serious, acute, grave

#
deep, profound
RVR breathe deeply, take

deep breaths
-/

!k'E

-- <
4

%Q

@a

a life, a lifetime; living

- @
BE
190

shallow; light
deep and/or shallow;
relative depth
shallow, superficial
shallow view, superficial
idea

4
44
~d

~d3%

8
4a

%"-F

44

11 strokes

11 strokes
-k

$&all

correct, revise

elegant, refined;mellifluous

B?R

quickly, in no time at all,

before one is aware

+g
k@

rate, ratio(as suffix)

@B

ratio, percentage
candid, frank

4 OF

B!&

reason, cause, grounds

11 strokes

11 strokes

@@$ glasses, spectacles

@
sense of discrimination,
an appreciative eye
ETiti before one's eyes

AS

J-

.I

Ik
@%

Hz

sentence; composition,

s D F 4~at last, finally

sa

vote, cast a ballot

count votes

%%
3

*3
P s
XJ

6
999

after all, in the final

analysis
the ultimate fundamental
(Buddhism); ultimately,
in the end

pL- 3\31
k
$

'

%%

1000

veneration ceremony
%* director of an ancestor
veneration ceremony
%ft funeral oration, funeral ode

& % move; remove; transfer

&%E emigrate; shift people

01

'

,001

'

X"

k*

X*

17

fly

'

kk

*i;

j
Ifi.

1002

*
A1 Z

*$

Yy

order, series, grade,

degree, ...th; a house;
an examination degree
B- first, number one;primary
$@Z%
third person,
disinterested party
8% fail an examination

~?1

3)

flute, whistle

&/$j

siren; steam whistle

a kind of clarinet
siren, horn; whistle

a
34
78

41

~1 9
4"pC4

4
71 E]

h x.1

54

a
9%

M .17%
17%

kk

kk

A).

A$

7ft%

agree with; tally;

a written charm
mark,sign.symM
Buddhist or Taoist
amulet on paper with
designs in red ink
correspond to, agree with

9
+%

w.1
QQ

11 strokes

11 strokes
be based on, rest on the

ff

in detail, minutely

@$ mouth and lips; lips

@ 3 a labial sound

six-stringed Korean harp

gs

4 I 04 3

practice, study; customs,

practices

@*
7 q @g

customs, practices
practice, drill
study9dril~

8%

7
gq
,008

fl

JJg

%@

4<g1 ~

j%R
@E

54
45
q+

boat, vessel, ship

ship's crew; crewman
ship's captain

11 strokes

11 strokes

$$A

enormous, immense

$$fextremely important

g!&

intimate, familiar

3rd

$9

;lo:

$C

i % il
'$4 A$

' (ii- j$z {fiT

1018

"

4
1019

17
4

1020

71

#&

device, artifice; trick;

mystery; art, method;
profession, occupation
artifice, stratagem
terms; specialized
terminology
magic, magical tricks

regulations; scale

#iZ

regulation, rule
scale, size; rule, pattern
standard, norm, criterion

r.

8$s

1 1 j %@
Rfl Jy $9)

sfi
g

end with a whimper

"long snake formation";
a long line, a queue

2)-

+I

V
2.1-

s&~\zJ

5 34
$4
+%I
3

34
fP

~3

&+%litigation; dispute;
demand justice

as

1Itlgate,
go to the law;

a+

file suit
sue, file suit
dispute

*A\

93

;
L g ~ .

call on, visit

33

greedy official, grasping

Qz]

11 strokes

1 I' strokes

-fa2penetrate; transparent;

-3a
BM

understand; thoroughly
see through; see, divine,
sense
penetrating, lucid, limpid;
thorough, thoroughgoing
transparent, diaphanous

?
+A)

7%
F9
- -

g2

j&B

go through;communicate;
intercourse; all, whole
comnunications; news
pass, carry, be approved
commerce, commercial
intercourse

%4
+i+
~ A J -

fast, quick
speed, velocity
speed, velocity, rate
a quick course; rapid
co~npletion

EB h seller, agent

expel; pursue; in order,

in succession, one by
one

SB

drive out, oust, evict

compete, vie, contend
expel, drive away, oust

heavy responsibility

01

connect, join

%#
keep
i contact with,

$1

cdq

keep in touch

EE join, link, connect

gs
+

;CE!
1038

A &
'

L.32 i
TJ
t
373

publish serially

build, make, create

@$j@ build, construct;
structure, framework
-9..
%& make, manufacture
- Bit: creative energy of the
universe, creation,
nature; the mysterious
21

34
321

35

3Ad
E*

11 strokes

11 strokes

at2
3$%

ag

postal service, mail

postage stamp
mail, post, send by mail

+-

$$is
contours of the human

1
7

''
1043

$'

97

field, wilderness; rustic,

savage; wild,
undomesticated

ambition; mad ambition

OkAJ

8%

baseball

0k'F

8% vegetables, greens

9% close, shut, obstruct

.
$)

7 Y '7

f '1 ?

jb

1L-

bring down the curtain,

bring to an end
close a meeting
lock out; close, shut

0)

0k4
4
41 9
41 4
41 4

@% sink in, fall in, collapse

@% pit, trap, pitfall
%@ plot to injure

11 strokes

12 strokes

&@

R%!i

deer horn, antlers

zenith, apex
peak, summit

approximate time

famine; scarcity, dearth

starvation, hunger
hunger and thirst,starvation

71

71

72

, @32
1060

* AS

'iff 4%

lo
1061

circumstantial evidence

2%

prepare; compIete;
perfection

+M

prepare
a note, remarks
(for reference)
furnishings, fixtures

#j*

4% 4% (4 MEI

MJ-5

HI

5 dl
dl 3

.dl %

12 strokes

cut up; divide

8 1
EUB

discount, price-reduction
allocate, apportion,

%#J

win, be victorious

,.,F

@a thelarynx
the throat

=F

q-7

9*

10729

U{Z u\$ v/E

,

~1

a
1073

29

lose by death; mourning

Sail

mourning attire
chief mourner
house
bereaved
in mourning,
family

Ak4A2-+

4 7F

12 strokes

12 strokes

@-

sole, unilateral

Bm

scope, extent
surround, encircle

@&)i

dike, bank, dam

a breakwater

Qa

@fi%
medium, agency, vehicle

arctic regions, frigid zone

96rZ
rS,

news report; report, inform

a report; submit a report
firm, hard, strong

p
E

1%

15%

firm, solid, strong

%j$ steady, sound, reliable
E@ firmly maintain;
adhere to, stick to

'jd

1079

~ f 2l 6

u).J

open space; place;

threshing floor

%@ place, setting; a scene

J#- %% place, spot; location, site

-Ja

3r5 j91/7 p

inside the hall, on the

premises

7)13

Q4

3-

3
83

8%
831

investigate; a fathom

3%

ordinary, commonplace,

8%

visit, pay a call

@&
@

respect, esteem
treat with respect
majesty, dignity

1078

;t

Q)]

;sr
3-4
x$&

"kq

@E

d "k

f $El

&B

in one big jump, sharply,

steeply; full width
full width of cloth;

4+

$ &

3
1.)q restore; return; reply;

fk

4k
1

7%

11

Ct~l

4'6

40 4~

sa

@R
@

repeat; make good

again, repeatedly
recover, get w e ; regain
be revived, restored
resurrect, return tolife;
revive

9%

comply with, follow;

in order

%E

rotate, revolve

E@Ra vicious circle

a cycle

1091

%,% doubtful, confused;

infatuated, captivated

graciousness

powerful, strong
emphasize, stress
a great power,

$&a

1090

>)+?-

12 strokes

12 strokes

,B,&

grace, favor; obligation,

moral indebtedness

SEi!

seize; grasp, hold

conductor, conductress
manage, take charge of

/+8

+s
+SJ
A

TC

9%
qsq

4%71

gg

+d

i&+

12 strokes

12 strokes

publish aboad; praise

exultant, triumphant

@g convert, change, exchange

$17

1
H

8
110s

1-1

2~
R

11 fl

daringly, boldly,

9p

5 71

wisdom, knowledge

e~

intelligence, intellect
wisdom. sagacity
wisdom and courage

'3

clear sky, fair weather

RX

cloudless sky, fair weather

clear or cloudy, relative
c~oucliness

@t

1109

4-

71

%V

El

0"

'8 d" W- "

4
31%
44

a
34
4@

business conditions;

% 52
already; duplicate;
add to, additional

abandon a child

&$$ forest, a wood

the universe, all creation,
everything in nature
&E solemn, awe-inspiring

E?!?latest, most recent; nearest 4 +

Ei% highest; best; most

+2

deceive, cheat

%% deceive, hoodwink

2?B

defraud, swindle

4+&3

12 strokes

12 strokes

%a

%&

$Ks

j
A

,:r

1314

fig conduct, behavior

)&m

ignore, disregard
radio, wireless
safely, without incident

artificial, man-made
stress, give prime

ex)

58

+I

981"4

+I t-lf

importance to

1130

1"

2" "et;

even; like, as

a reprieve; extension,

.@vlakeside, lakeshore

iT
-6-41

-6-4x
1 1 31

& 9
1126

-g

:d

-,f3JT ;q %%
.-q
jd
J

1127

-d

jumble, potpourri
asOu~bOwl

% 7~

41 01% measure; fathom; estimate

illla measure, calibrate, plumb

Qzd

jgl&

survey, measure;
estimate, guess
survey land

4%

11 32

'7 if
$4 r~
-

3
7
1
11 33

3'

3
9%

j"

=+
j$j@

jfi

j$j*,%

polish, cut (as gems)

polish; cultivate virtue,
improve one's mind
woodpecker

E?-D~
.,l-+-E

jjg.
3

7 J s X lute, guitar, harp

53%
gg
@

a type of harp
harpandlute
play the harp

1
P

1C
n i?.

@%

12 strokes

I 2 strokes
.'I

'

3)

$$

dl

%&

%%
1134

1135

S%*

"

3x1

4%
3g
4

.;,- lGis-

11 36

painful, sore
bitterly lament,
deeply regret
be most pleasant,
extremely delightful
feel keenly, realize acutely
rise; mount; advance
register, enroll
register (as a title)
mountain-climbing

J!J

BE
@fi
1 1 39

F!

picture
draw, mark
q
4-7 t
3% artist, painter
stroke count, number of
4
,
strokes in a Chinese
character
(Compare
, 4 1343 .)
negligent, careless; state to a k
superior; statement ;distant.
separate; sparse; distribute,
spread out; dredge
negligent, careless
kg
I&iLESij disperse; remove, evacuate 1 7 q
(Also written $$ .)

43

E l 7

turn (as in "my turn"),

duty, shift; change;
repeat
number assignedto an
area, address
anumber
habitually; all the time

p 49 $5

gii

become; put forth, send

forth, issue; arise,
develop; depart; manifest
develop; prosper
publish, circulate
discover; detect, spot.
chance upon

+re
%q
%7&

=,

x7

%%
-571
%$

9
"24
~3
"2 T!

@%

water receptacle for use

with an ink stone
a Chinese ink stone
the well of an ink stone

12 strokes

12 strokes

%@

indistinct, dim, faint

#i$i$
weak, thin

gb

tax affairs

gg

written examination
answers

1k.B

apply make-up
adorn, ornament

EB
childish-minded

'

writing brush; pen;pencil

$3

writer, author
tip of a writing brush;
the top name on a list
or roster
@% j ot down, take notes

krT

1150

k'

kbKh.

lsl

YC]

group; class; wait; " etc."

FJ-% equality; of the same

rank
$$% classify; divide equally,
share evenly
$$E difference in rank

ssz~
q. q-

3.i

3435&

3 71

1156

4. tq
&

7
I
:i

%%-ti=
e

&t~
&

1157

'

.4,

J5

7.1-2 govern, rule; unite; all;

.6% /.di; $? :/tFb@zt

C
'

&'

J@

clue, end of the thread;

start

unification
statistics, numerical data

-E

.:

%A1

administer, govern. rule

221

12 strokes

12 strokes

@@j
pass

away, die

+@j painted candles;

wedding ceremony

silk cord; spin silk

toy with, victimize, make

+*

empty sky, air

vanity, vainglory

@$&om

street lights

12 strokes

12 strokes

3%
Z$@.
Wylj

71

criticism, review and

comment on
appraise, rate, assess
reputation, repute

fill, fill in, fill a vacancy;

image, representation;

1174

2'
V

%
&+gaccuse; complain; tell,
v .
inform, state

$f pz
&:%

3%

sue, take legal proceedings

petition
file charges

&

&+
kid

I f

l~ g
"

1181

61=7
/\

w
g
1

8.

p.

*I-3 LL

store up; hoard

EB

store, stock
savemoney
store water; reservoir water

E%
Efi

/q-

4
4 -l;k
4%
~4-lf

12 strokes

12 strokes

01

4 S two (legal form)

twenty

61

a& twenty thousand

01 p&

valued, esteemed, honorable, 4

,your"; costly, high-class
precious, valuable
4%
aristocracy, nobility;
4%
your esteemed family
lineage (honorific)
noble and mean, high and low 4 8

buy, purchase; suborn

A&

4 "4
4L;

i?
h purchase, buy
W @ bribe, buy someone

~171

inclination to buy

4%
/

A%

BJ

lend; borrow

%e

debt and credit; let and hire

%.f;f

lend, loan

%%! loan, lend

5%

tl] Q

4 2k
44
4+

expenditure; expend;
waste; extensive

(fig consume; expend

6s

iy

exceed; excessive

?$% trade, barter

% trade, international
commerce
trade port
W 8 @I& trading company

8
?%'

yo?%&
?qdI

distance, range; gap,

12 strokes

12 strokes

1-1

3-

'
f

3-

5% metropolis; all; main

& capital city

ifi city; towns and cities
#L,L,i& heart of the city,
downtown area

fl 1

]I

E-$

E-4

03

open; explain; begin

rffr%

bring under cultivation;

develop, colonize,
pioneer
open a ineeting
start, inaugurate,begin

tx AJ d.1

_I

RJlE
mhfi
58

5 1%
I?

7%

3'

$ 9
2

7b7 *i
p
'
bk~ 5)L. (b

p;1

V'L

have spare time,

have leisure
be retired, sequestered
inactive; leisurely, quiet

5
P#$$$

stairs. steps; rank, grade

rank; class
stairs. steps; stage, p h r w
Ejj$j stairs; class; rank

717

f=%

is;t 7 )

male (of birds, etc.);

virile, strong; brave;
martial

*;FA:

magnificent, grand
4
1205

$1:

7t]4
*

eminent, surpassing;
prosperous; exalt

L,f$@

34

7t] A ]

5
T
0 A-1o

8 71
$5

A1

a\5
41 GJ

dl 5

qL7tk

m@
m&
mfi

!1

7t]

,ros,,erc,us, thriving
bulge, rise up
highly esteem,
deeplv respect

.
9
1201

71

&

majestic, magnificent
oratory; eloquence

-$

% "k
2-4
+%

13 strokes

12 strokes

accommodate to, adapt to

f+

I G ~ smoothly,
G ~ without friction 5~
l i ~ @ obey, comply with

17

,%
I
,...

F.
,

1214

throng, gather in swarms

#%

items, details, matters

an item; a heading
article, clause

gq

black letters; boldface;

in the black (not in
the red)
ablack.aNegro
blackboard

h
, ,,

,%&

84
qg
%3&

13 Strokes
2

black; evil

I&

431~ 1 %disorderly; reckless;

$1

rebellion, revolt
violent; reckless
wild dancing; run wild;
rampage

31+%

pressure. urge

{F

rebellion; confusion
MJ

q8
97
rn
4
3
4 2%1

$I;?hypnotism

4 4%
3
43

13 strokes

13 strokes

JJ3 transmit, hand down;

preach, propagate

fluence, authority

441

3 % debt, indebtedness,

!%pE sobbing, choking

{
{G
A

11
1221

/\

1222

2- =
-grieve, distress; injure,

(57

45 1ti

/$

wound, cut. bruise

be injured, be wounded
serious injury

A&

31

1227

'

71$

incline, lean; tip over,

collapse

"O

tendency; inclination

@j$J slope, slant

give ear to, pay attention

3
# Z&
;d "k

#8

-5!

garden, orchard; park

gardening; horticulture
9 41
public park, public gardens +Q!
@@@ botanical garden
+$

@@

fi@

qAk
5-9

XJ 1%

#fi (*fi

1
1 1"11"1

Ad-

wound

lo
1228

1 )vq5'

17 fl ]q %s
m%
]

1[0@

+!

round, circular; basic unit

of Korean money
satisfaction.contentrnent;
perfection; harmony
a circle, round shape
cylinder. cylindrical

%%
3%

13 strokes

13 strokes

qQ

PI

small, fine; microscopic;

subtle; lowly, humble

01

&

~1 s

~12

. I

lump, piece, clod

nugget; ingot of gold

a rock, stone
lump coal

d l 9
1236

'r

gd&

I$

ae
Bg

block; stopup, clog;

cork; stopper, plug
fortress, stronghold
block a harbor, blockade
indigent, poor
tree trunk; trunk of a body
managing staff,
executive management

#%

4'

34
3)$4
2$4

\
,L

( L

JL

lb

$n

fa
2J

,@

fi
,

lo
1234
2 34

fi

verandah, porch; corridor

servants' quarters, esp.
on both sides of an
entry gate; lines of
shops along a street
corridor, hallway
art gallery

9
1238

think; expect
imagine; suppose
impressions, feelings,
thoughts
recal1,remember

AJ
",FA&

",F

71

lc

I$)<I ~ KI+$.I
IL

J L

x\ol

concern, anxiety; melancholy;

grieving, sad; depressing,
gloomy
grief, sadness;melancholy f "d
,%5 melancholy air,
+All
worriediook
%% sorrow

6-1 3

surpass, excel, more;

heal

++

&&&& &- &.

1

.L. 9

L&%\

1239

Z{ %L

modest; investigate;
reasonable in price
!EL# inexpensive, cheap
%&i. sense of shame;
sense of honor

4g
%4

BE

9%

secretly observe, spy on

(L

74.
*J 9

4 pure, uncorrupted;

~8 .,'

1.11

4 dl Ad
44

.)

JU $ U E I
IL

7
s
-

administrative affairs;
administrator,
executive secretary

% f$

form,

dW $0 $EI
I

+a

(14 strokes in original

7J A;!

#g

compassion; love
8 k . b b e n e v o l e n c e ;mercy
charity, benevolence
%@ affection, kindness, love

!
,

f %

All (4)

1237
%71

&

2
g

IC,

1
c

a
,,

%
,

purpose, will; meaning;

idea
meaning, significance
opinion, view
intention; idea

4~1
51 8
511
-AF

13 strokes

13 strokes

'

1%
lo

1247

$g
jj?

I M lj 11'

lq

49

B%

j
& I gfh

shake, agitate, toss;

wave, sway; scull, row
shake, quake;be perturbed,
restless
cradle: birthdace
roll and
rock;
shake, quake

68

$8 %$
Jfi

loss; disadvantage,
drawback; injure,
destroy, spoil; injury,
disability, impairment
damage, loss
loss, suffer loss
sufferdamage, incurinjury

@%
.1.
01 3 lead; carry; take along

BR
g~

carry along, take along

act in harmony.
move in concert

&

--'i
I I-

*"2

++!-fF
4
.I1 %

13 strokes

13 strokes

%,# darkness, blackness

8fl

@/T; hint, suggestion;

fti;fgdarkroom; a dark room

@%

qg

time, time and tide

formal bow on
New Year's Day
age (honorific)

talks, conference

:@%
@@,

f&% occupation, job

3$$5 businessman
%@jbusiness operations,

business matters

funds, source of revenue;

economic resources
source, fountainhead
source, origin

4%

13 strokes

13 strokes

@j$z+

thermometer

EE sleep, slumber

1-

I=-B3

JG

13.

i%

13e

Ize

(1181-1237)
'@e jl;;,Eptjname
of Little South Gate

9
1269

1'

I \ >

/??% 21st king of Kory6

~se

9
1270

Ha

da d2

a
j 2 03

1'

> ' >

4
4%
%kq-T

in Seoul

13''

t]n
J\\\

bright, splendid

, I * \

1 3

reflect; look after;

a permit; according to,
referring to

,R%! illuminate, light up

3?j

k % 7 make inquiries about

,E@

to aim, to sight

ES
l
35

gm

stimulate, encourage

13 strokes

13 strokes

*J.(?

R&
@*

#H

stone tablet; gravestone

large stone tablet,
stone,monument
inscr~pt~on
on a stone
tablet; epigraph
tablet house, structure
protecting a stone tablet

"1
~1 "4
01

dl

7?-

#@
#

young, tender

i $ infantile, childish
i$""kindergarten

classic books; Buddhist

sutras; pass through;
manage

gg economy, economics
@!f expenses; expenditures
@$&

experience

31

R4
3

a
3 41
3 1'
3%

crowd; masses, the public

archipelago

$$

13 strokes

13
- - strokes
~~

q
1289

wirhprerentr,
F F 4 9% invite
invite with rewards;
engage someone
employ. invite with
3' Wii: engage.
due rewards
& -& -& %a wife's mother
4 4~ @* wife's father

% f 2 solemn; reverential;
respectful; majestic;
awesome

solemn, grave, serious

purge; liquidate
enforce, regulate

?I
LQ

"J 9
"J "J

$pJ

ten thousand

&-

if; unexpected

9 f

?#
% ad

3% author, writer
3
compose, write
1300

13 strokes

13 strokes

g%

the concerned,
the interested

topic of co~lversation,

-3;

< "

x\$iL2boast, brag; praise

'Q

72;K

,$jy

<&

-3,k

fj#.@

interpret, explicate

1311

trained, disciplined
trial, test, ordeal

35
2%.
X73

E.?
fl
- 'I$@
g- d- g q a@
m@

exaggerate, overstate
stretch the truth,
exaggerate
display; show off

thief; to plunder
thief, robber; theft
pirate
brigand, bandit

i
+

44
43

4-4

4
EA?
34 35

"J"4

1-i-

13 strokes

13 strokes

+ ~ tagriculture; farm; farmer

@R

KWi

reception, treatment;

B6

execute, perform

play, play at a game

road money, traveling

@ $$ route, course, line

%fa sightsee, tour

13 strokes

13 strokes

*r

1333

5
5

fi 5
1335

zero; fragments; fractional;

rainfall, dewfall

gs

IW
,

,@ %

SF
I?

I-+

/;+

I>%

/-

4 %L

941
94

T!

@B

+q

thunder

7271

4%
4%-

/:*

s H chime in with,
1

s&f

blindly echo another

rain and thunder,
a thunderstorm
the crack of thunder

praise,
hymn,commend;
ode

@@

hymn
eulogize, praise for
virtue

, ,

I:*

lightning; electricity
electricity
electric current
electric light

zfi

1334

JEp

47Y

E p

jqj

male and female;

fortune
%@Ipaltry, petty
zero; nothing; freezing
point

violate break

)>*I*

4; /dr

4
4%
'=i+

44
+?

471

#JB "native songs",

25 extant Korean folk
1336

$+7)
A
6 cq
1

14 strokes

14 strokes

drink liquor

&!% side dishes,

dishes served with rice

8% drum and flute

3
drummer

'ki'f@

an]@

@$$

portrait, likeness
bronzestatue

monk dance, a dance in

Buddhist attlre

mg

plan; seek to, strive for

chart, graph, diagram
a design, a sketch

unite, stand together

Ei&

burial ground, graveyard

3x1

14 strokes

14 strokes

an initial address: peaceful,

well, in good health
healthy and peaceful

hard; real, true, sincere

encourage, stimulate

%% plunder, loot, rob

ga

seize, capture

14 strokes

14 strokes

acts or scenes

attitude; mien, behavior

,f@Bsituation, state of affairs

#ftg

EYE
41

E{

%R

point out, indicate

condition, situation

k #iashamed, mortified

3FiJepleasant; joyful;
luxuriant, flourishing
balmy, sunny; contented

,IA ,l.P

4s

'

@@

1364

sorrowful, pitiful
tragedy, disaster
suffer defeat, be
miserably beaten
miserable, wretched,
piteous

%LA\

%I

$43 saddened, regretful;

7H

public-spirited;
noble-~ninded,generous

1365

1 '

&1E?e

deep emotion
E@$lament, regret
indignation, resentment

envision, visualize
7& 7tl

7tl

EL

$74

3ii&

14 strokes

14 strokes

with an ink stone

%
- %%

11
1376

.'& 4 4 . %
I
@&
--A:A :&
/;I4

/a]

-.*.-&

@ -- * -* -*
j

11

1377

,-

-*-

- e

--g- ,
ye

J"

lacquer
lacquerware
painter, Iacquerer
blackboard

eqi?-)
Han Dynasty of China

3
3 71

a+

3 s+

@% classical Chinese,
classical Korean

@% Chinesemedicine, herb

medicine
Chinerepoetry

3kq

@ *I

ambiguous, vague
vast, boundless

14 strokes

14 strokes

*I

seed, sow, plant; kind,

sort

die in prison

@f

kind, variety
a human race; the human
species
a seed; strain, breed

Q
%%

9%
34

9$3 declare, designate, call;

$$$aendeavor, render services

xJ

1392

director, superintendent;

FB

/fi

,,
1388

7s

green, blue; jade

@j&

sultan's parasol (firmiana

platanifolia)
a blue stream
the blue sea, azure ocean

$3

5& j&
\!

;i

the farthest limit. the

extremity, the extreme
correctly; neatly
F)-

4 9-3
q4
q-jH

calamity

$fig vicissitudes, fortune and

misfortune
calamity, disaster
source of evil, root of
misfortune

4)

@+

praise, speak highly of

title, name, designation
praise, compliment

2 . .;F
3. p

4%
%?

extreme, end; extremely;

beginning; upright,correct

A*

@1394

X$fi
f i
1389

, 4 , , @q
$17 $14 $&3.

a+

fi

$17

price; weigh, estimate;

suitable; raise

$? 3

- % 7%'

++%

s.

6j-g

k
A

)r)r

?c,h

Ik

%
@+

'7@a

4 4-

3%

1395

ee> 49

calculate, reckon; consider

as; plan, scheme
calculate, compute
48
calculate; calculation for
a14
services (as in a restaurant)
arithmetic

4-f

-7-7)-

rz

*B

tube, flute; govern

under the jurisdictionof,
under the control of
adrninister,manage,
supervise
superintend, manage

Zi

d%\
44
f i??

14 strokes

14 strokes

of trees in early
&a green
summer

information, experiences,
that seen and heard

a&
&-X;B

textiles ; fiber, strands

@,G

+
4 4 4: ' f$E
,
4 , ##
,
#
5%

8
1400

dl&
1%

3'

I\

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13

&,&

8
1401

$ r4
,$

1-5

4 s\
4449

I>>\V
9

9 7 , 3 important; urgent; prompt;

X,%

cotton. the cotton plant

cotton
cotton thread
detailed, minute;
meticulous, careful

rot, putrefication;
corruption (as political)
rust, corrode; erode
vexed, worried; take pains,
rack the brain

gE
@

tight, taught, strained

urgent, pressing; an
emergency
tension, tenseness
close (as a relationship);
strict, stringent

7J3

JJ
7J9
7J

$?f@

dance, dancing
dance, dancing

3%

+~d

14 strokes

14 strokes

&% clothes, clothing

$['j$ red-colored skirt

8%

steam; vapor

$gdP,a

stockpile, store up
save (money)

-+
B&\
3

1418

+-+*
'
V

24-

+3

71

% to record; annals, official

z@

"

2%.

2
1

and buckwheat flour

tangerine,~na~ldarin

2
1

v'

4
%,%

- Q ^ Q v
s
R

1419

++

$+ $*

recognize; acknowledge

33 B3

gazette
page of a magazine,
pages in a periodical
monthly magazine,
a monthly
diary, journal
entice, induce, mislead
temptation, allurement
induce, entice; allure,
seduce
abduct, kidnap

9x3

74
31

9 7~XI

94
-8+-%

+- OJ
+ti4

14 strokes

14 strokes

,
1426

@j

$1

3 ! -

%%
!
@

IL

@@

++

$357

3EZB
;
1427

'

form; face; manner,

appearance
features, looks; shape,
appearance
outward appearance;
exterior aspects
facial features, looks
visitor, guest
honored guest, important
visitor
guest. visitor
honored guest

E
3!-+

q3
%p

!
I
49

4 BJ
74

/ \

%?% recite from memory

&=& recitation
sonorous recitation

3%
j&-%

>a

1-

&

stroll, walk leisurely

far, distant, remote

send; chase away

dispatch, send

4
8

31

RIB detachment. contingent $4 4

1430

3@@

hero, gallant man,

extraordinary man
splendid, elegant
$- 10
1431

'A -5

IZ;

3 s .@ g#

far, distant, remote;

far-reaching; keep
away from

long distance. long range % 4 Z,

far-reaching
44
deep sea, ocean
% ",t

14 strokes

14 strokes

oxidize, oxygenate

shoot to death; execute

+A&

BE international,

2%

$&lb

bear in mind, inscribe on

@%

copper mine

i%%

unmarried young woman

boudoir; woman's living

pdE

international relationship
associate with

if-+
THJ-

k@$jj
chief executive,
president (of a nation)
9
territory (of a nation)
$RJ/k 3 receipt, voucher

14 strokes

15 strokes

overeat

MlhE touch-me-not, a balsam

phoenix (mythical bird)

ceremony; usage; rule

+RJS\

@$&ceremony, ritual, rite

Ef& courtesy, etiquette;

+J

@% thrift, frugality

$k?% resonant, resonates;

&I@

echo, chime in with

$98 $& an alarm clock

g.51 the nostrils

uniformly, equally;
wholly; all at one time

"
1" #$kg&
(3@- {+ &&j$s

F"
4-h

1454

diligence and frugality,

a hundred million
the teeming millions, the

q~+J^j

a very
masses,
rich the
man,
people
a
hundred-millionaire

q QJZJX]

15 strokes

15 strokes

spacious; generous;
'AX @.1+ broad.
magnanimous

1-

1-

*
!
1461
I--

"

13,+-

%A

'g2-P@
1.9,.*

33

%$lJ

+- 12
1462

s'
,,*

&
I
,

I(?-

41 3
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'I??

,%&

carbon paper; copying

12
1463

J<&'

I$

l
z

,-;J

!$fin

Wk
%E

magnanimous, broadminded
generously pardon.
show leniency

44

investigate, examine;
inquiry; judge

udge, screen
judge; referee
interrogate, question

"d 4
"2 s&
A" 5

trace, write, sketch;

dispel, drain

%a photograph

1+ manuscript. handwritten
work

,<q f&%portray, describe, depict

PR

increase, augment
enlarge, increase
increase production

&El

IE

level, story, layer;

degree; item, clause
stairs, steps
upper floors
all layers, all stories

ztr

walk, walk on; shoe;

actions; conduct

execute, put into practice

personal history,
curriculum vitae

5
&%

money; silk; gifts; wealth

BE

4%

AM
A)-!&

9x1
9

481
3+
i i

bb

01 88

01 4

1465

7 t;!

%g

grave, mound; heap up;

soil
grave, tomb

@& earth over a tomb

if@ old tomb, ancient mound

33
,$K

33

rh

12

1466

\$<
\

%iJk
1
7

$#

E%

paper money; a bank

note
coinage, coin
money, currency

4
~1341
3341

4341

15 strokes

15 strokes

I @ kind concern; help, aid

%@ grace of character,

announce, advertise,

the government, the

court (prior to 1910)
ancestral shrine of the
royal family of the

"-7"

7'' 7"

Qq

38'j

gin
%?A

1471

fl

9
T3
3
I

12
1472

$1

;C7\

J;!

$5IT-

35

IY\)

bullet; bounce, spring;

pluck a stringed
instrument
ammunition
bullet; shell; projectile
suppress, coerce

3
EJ

yb

3"2

~ % ~ t s h a d o image;
w;
reflection

%% influence, effect

9a2
3"2
%.9

f&&to photograph

ag

a vision; a phantom

1477

3-

1478

wisdom; cleverness; wit

@% wisdom, sagacity

XI 4
BE
I

%,@

3
,L 3 3
I-L' .
/&

acomet
wisdom

4
21 a1
al
44

15 strokes

15 strokes

$?@

g@

consider, mull over

concern, apprehension
think, consider

slg,

depressed, gloomy
anxiety; distress
anxiety, concern

,E,@

B@

compassion, mercy

as

royal refuge
sow, plant seeds

enemy; to oppose

&%

,I*" .li+

,I.* .I&
'1.& 1 lo
1 1
I['?

,L,

12

483

"@

detest, abhor
contemptible. despicable

;
'
i have compassion for,
pathetic, pitiful
piteous, touching

mathematics
fortune, luck

59
4-5

pity; sympathize
@$
@ $

%@

I*&,.&

'
1484

143 hate, detest

&&

enemy forces
enemy positions
enemy soldiers

7Fd
4d

15 strokes

15 strokes

@@

short time, short while,

k@ generally, in general
@@ outline, summary

#4&

shape, form; pattern,

@% dive; submerge
.@G. potential; latent
@

conceal oneself;
dormant, latent

county in South Chiilla

15 strokes

15 strokes

-.<

%
:

nq %%clean, pure

Mi%

:'%?

%B

&?EI

d
4%

purity; innocence
clean; a cleylup, a purge
pure, innocent

2
d

"J% the tide

4 "4

the tides, tide water

$24

f+

@,!SBiif
tidal current; current
,E,;isa drift of public opinion;

E+

trend of thinking

i-

04%

3'

ripe; cooked; prepared,

manufactured; experienced,

grain, cereals

%%J cereals, grains

& & granary; district rich

accustomed to; intimate

'l
1505

sk~
- %%
t

3
J \\\

B *

1 I"

$ $
-@L

243

earnestness
& %e enthusiasm,
enthusiasm. zeal
1

%, 1

$4.

$$

skillful, dexterous
consider, deliberate
proficient, skillful

~i
8 hot; heat; fever
%?!l
fervent, fiery

'7;1

$9%

??i
+i~

?3
3
"? %
O?~J

rice culture, farming rice

royal domain; capita1

area

g B s Ky6nggi Province

R f i riceplant fever

03"1

71

,
1

39

poor; exhausted

%E?2

study the laws of nature;

ponder
final, ultimate
poor,destitute

7d 71

%R.
3?;(;4

1507

1508
280

3 ZI
%?

;5"
4

1513

fl
10

E T

$1 An ~3

43s 43 BE
32

MJ

tray, plate, dish

lj)r
1514

Eh- k h

$7

$p

D\L]

$3r/n:
B$(J
&$I]

bamboo joint; section,

chapter, verse; token;
time, season; festival;
moderation, restraint
procedure
conserve, cut downon
moderation. restraint

32 31
~dot,

xi]

15 strokes

15 strokes
slow, tardy, leisurely,
easily, gradually;
delay; neglect; retard
mitigate, ease
slow and fast; tempo
dull, listless
-

.*

>..

dj? ..' ,,4%

4* 43"
,:-%
,t-G ,.:%
Q
. 4.31
j
l
*

4
1
%

,>'

4f' 4t -&g

polishe, refine
practice, drill

40
.*.

J,

$&&

transverse lines; woof of

a web; fringe, tassels
latitude
longitude and latitude;
warp and woof; details
a parallel of latitude

24%

weave; arrange; compile

edit; compile
organize, form
arrange music

$*g
$$$$

C
'

'Jll@ train, drill; practice

@@

"1 3 parallels of latitude;

1 \Ez

go out of business;
go on strike
%% dismiss, discharge, fire
@%$ conclude; close (as a
market, examination)
skin; flesh

affinity, connection; destiny;

+j
cause, reason; hem, border
Eli% affinity; origin; karma, fate J' 9
predestined tie;
g-2
relationship; marriage

93.
relationship, tie-in

4\'

$8
7
4.

1520

a$

,*-7

kb 46
\\'7

,4.4
. ?$.

+!

thread, line, wire,ribbon;

clue; fuse; length

.-*

%&

straight line
WJ
curved line
electric wire, telephone cord zJJJ

3.

@*

e -

1526

9%

lotus; waterlily

$&@

lotus root
l~t~sblossom
lotus pond

$$g%

stop, finish
3)

"d

~ \ 4
75~

3)

51+-

15 strokes

15 strokes

/2

j&

4t

collide, rush against;

insult; thoroughfare

'4 fF

E%

@g

collision; quarreling
incite, stir up
shock, trauma; strike
against

+?

who; anyone

8%

so and so, certain persons

$-9
who; what person;
+s}
a challenge (who is there?)

f-

2
5

a lesson; a section,
a department, an office

7
217

-3%' 3-E)

$.-

8%
8%

1530

9%

taxes, duties
subject, theme;aproblem,
a question
section chief
chat, converse

8
8

have an interview with

converse with, talk to
s+lJnegotiate, bargain

153.2
284

3%

harmonize; investigate

4
93

%+

"$@

propose marriage

EB

certificate of merit
enjoy, appreciate
award, prize

54
4

4
4 41
i+-*1]

dZk

9
4 kL
kL%i

kls&

Z
EX\
25 24
33)

FfAa

wise, sagacious
wise mother

15 strokes

15 strokes

$ ' ? $V

!%& treat with contempt

@A man of humble origins
3
shallow, superficial

pn

'5
1

buy and sell; deal, trade

.. sell at auction
gJ& shop, retail outlet

EX-

;d 4

44

8
1541

M \ % ~ nature,disposition;
substance, matter

W qq

ria
-

1542

ha
D]

question, interrogate
cqualitative
a hostage
pleasure, delight; taste;
bias, tendency; meaning,

"?.

-1

xl 0
z
Xz
I 2-1
-1

"J9
?I

&7

$54:

1544

\771(

.$\q

fly]<

gist, substance;
objective, purpose
a~qtaste,
interest
,l-0
stc

tread, walk

FB$:

survey, explore the

prospects
follow, follow in the steps of
marking time in place

$1

85%

vrk

,@$

s@ execute, put into practice

appear in succession
senior, one who preceded
another (as in university)
f&?& junior, one who followed
another (as in university)

04 ~ f l

+I 4

4Z&
54
"d-A\
3%
c.d-2

@@&m

trample; tramp

%g

'

&%

brilliance,splendor
resplendent, brilliant

43d

+!BY

W@$%

15 strokes

16 strokes

1
16 Strokes
scholar, Confucian scholar,
Confucianist; learned

AJ dl

f6 & Confucianism
f%iF@
Confucianism

R+

Confucian scholar;
student of Confucianism

-$

+a

+%L
%-

~43 sigh; titter

E 3 9 burp, belch
-

R~ vicinity, neighborhood
I%& adjacent, contiguous
QI% good neighbors,
friendly relationship

~vessel, dish; implement;

71

organ

& % tableware
& i@ culture, refinement
bring up, foster, train

:1

hair; the human head

f2%
f&g

haircut
hair
dishevelled hair

teeth; age; seniority

&

toothpaste
caries. tooth decay
tooth

%
01

"2

gC

4 "2

.... -

$ $'

FP

,==

I555

utensil. implement;
fixture
a large vesoel; a great talent
wall; cliff; partition

%ti8 wall closet, cupboard

Bd

@@.

mural, fresco
wall paper

.,I

wall, fence

"4 71
'F

71

4 71
4

q+?
44
44

-7-9-

-& 9 f 2&

21

2)
%3]

21

"t

- J

f~

wall, fence; barrier

4
7%
4

16 strokes

16 strokes

student, pupil
&#j learning, scholarship

3 I@
jt@

gg

guide, lead
precede, guide
instruction, direction

'&,g constitution;
constitutional law

gz@

recall, remember
reminisce, recollect

*\+

war, battle; tremble

BE
j*g

choose, select
select; selection of a

#%G

careful, cautious

EfT

operate, manage, handle

@% be in charge of

@R

security, collateral

@+3 take charge of

~4

16 strokes

16 strokes

fl&g morning star; a rarity

B&@ morning bells

the lunar calendar

luster, shine
a favor, benevolence

jL$j@

7k 13
1584

:gO
, :$y
'V

machine; airplane;
opportunity; secret
d

7k
,

13

1585

:\@

&#

:&
,A
-'I#

dense; deep; dark; thick,

strong

thick, dense
density; compactness
dense fog

BE

-.,s:,g &s

"I? "),? JK

radical
encourage, cheer on
severe, intense

3%
'

coarse fermented rice

wine, makkiilli

44
4 Ad
4
%+

%-z
%?

16 strokes

16 strokes

reserve fund,

q#$ combustible
load; carry

@ja

a cheap distilled liquor

be destroyed by fire

24% E

built-up ground,
an elevation

solo, recital

@R revival; resurgence

16 strokes

16 strokes

vegetables, greens

$i&
concealment
&

cover, covering

study diligently

'

lo
1601

"

w.

9
1602

military station,
military escort
'

@d

7
@5 8
3

'

317

3
'I

%E
@$Fjy

*&

Pfl %g

friend

%
kind,
!I@
helpful

<71

<+ 1
9 $3

parents

+l 4
81"k!

+?I-

%&

8&

$
5
7
4%
0,t

25
1608

Pf all, every

1603

a satellite
sanitation, hygiene
a guard; a janitor

0] tt] 01 parents; intimate, close;

related

* $y 3%Ri%!
2

~J-913
guard, protect;

archipelago
many countries.
various countries
all, all kinds

41

45
41?'331 "i

@ '$fl
'

1609

$$

$
$fl $8

qz], trust, rely on;

repudiate; shameless

$fl

$$

@(ii rely on. dependon;

entrust
H
trust, put faith in

,$fi %@L

hmdlum. rowdy

16 strokes

16 strokes

~2%

to record, a record

vindicate, exculpate

g@

election, elect
member of an athletic

"1 GJ- thin silk brocade

4 4

$85' 4'~
9

8
1621)

1614

?Hi!.
12

jj-

\+

.+

fl %

bequeath, handdown;
forget, neglect; loose
relics, remains
heredity; inheritance
posthumous writings,
work left by a dead
author

-fi

+i?%%44

brocades andembroidery;
rich scenary
$I$&silkbrocade clothing
$#@jIILIland of embroidered
rivers and mountains;
beautiful Korea

e 9
)+ ,b9d
j'h 3 6 $ 3 rugged, dangerous;
narrow pass
I
$1

li.f-

'

2
e

Sq
-1

3D 0

sf

%'

@,% rough, rugged; serious,

% 04

grave
slander, calumny
difficulty, danger

% %L

k?%
P&@

++

16 strokes
17 strokes

Fk%kdsilently, mutely; tacitly

%tE

tacitly approve; tolerate,

% E the dragon king (god of

-$-%

%'& dragon palace; palace of

+-T

%m

the royal countenance

17 Strokes
B%

repeated; incessant

remainder, balance,excess;
over, plus; the last
f&@ extra space, extra time,
extra capability
f&$i spare time, leisure
,
irrelevant thoughts,
wandering mind
LLL
e z

$2

1626

f3

hungry, starved

a,@hungry ghost. starving

1627

1%

4 -$4 7t
oil+

ol

OH

spirit; person of voracious

appetite
die of starvation

OtAt

hunger, starvation

71\

yq
TJ'

17 strokes

17 strokes

@ .3.P

f& f f

+@fiz

celebrate a rite;
carry out, observe
behavior, conduct
raise one's hand

legendary founder and

first king of Korea
era with years numbered
971
from the time Tangun
founded Korea in 2333 B.C.

humidity,dampness,

:fi

' '

humidity level

$4

overflow; excess
misuse, misappropriation
overflow, flooding;
presumption
overissue, excessive
distribution

~EE

14
1643

.'I$?

%@ defeat, smash
%@

repulse, repel
shoot down an aircraft

--#?

, 10,'\m

jE32

-4 4

4%

*/

-111
v

ip

wash

wash, launder
&jgB a laundry
laundry, clothes to be
washed

9%
"A

igL

k!t!!

q
41 "?41 Qc"4) 5%

17 strokes

17 strokes

@,e,rBybrief instant, in the

d\~x$+

straighten, bend straight,

rectify; raise the head;

@jf

remedy, set right

@$%fi
penitentiary

Zen, the way of Zen

candlestick, candle holder

engage in business,
operate a business

capture, seize

ii!

17 strokes

17 strokes
overall; summarize

%E
Rg

$$

;&g

RGS

flourish; prosper
prosper, thrive
multiply, increase

the left wing; left flank

the right wing; right flank

&@

804

O@i
#g

infirm, weak
peppermint, mint
meager salary, low wages

recommend a person
recommend, sponsor

song; slng; rumor

%?% league, federation

%$@[

$@!g
$@!%

allied, combined
connected with, related to

93J

intelligent, wise; have

a retentive memory
intelligence, perspicacity

67

vocal music
fame, renown
sound of gunfire

refuse, decline

q$

17 strokes

17 strokes

iJ(

f*

RR
l g

$
,

a?

I"'

5:

'1%

la? 7
'
,

1%'

+?
QO
L L

iT
o =

45q

though, although, however

!k,%
1680

hidden. mysterious, secret:

conceal; small; painful
dim, vague, faint
renounce the world.
retire from society
retire, withdraw from
active life

rare; fish; Korea

Korea, Land of Morning
Calm. name of the Yi
Dynasty
fresh fish
reshness

35~3

$
"JxJ

18 strokes

s
@$
fi14
1686

c'

;*/

&

&
5

$7

\\*4

18 strokes

' @a
2
TB

,&

&I

degree of nobility
prillce; duke
viscount
pcvr.igr. title and rank
of nobility

??*

4",F
+?I

f 2% stone used as a base of

&@

;
j
,
3%

inspect, examine

a pillnr

7%-

stone used a s a b a s e of
a pillar, foundation stone
6
cornerstone, foundation
stone
&@$foundation

2d
1
713

18 Strokes
@A

enlarge, expand

%E

expand, extend

@x expand, amplify

fE!
9

oJ4

provisions, grain. food.

rations

RI

provisions, foodsupplies
grains, cereals
military rations

$1

(7

simple, short, easy

convenient, easy
simplicity, simplify

@&

sB

9
,

&4
O& 7

$3

1690

,
return to one's country;

@f@revert to former condition

?I

..4 ,.'4 '

d?' ..- ..
&
..-

qq

3
&&

PP
@

weave
spin and weave
weaving
woven goods, textiles

4
"&"?

43
43

18 strokes

18 strokes

4 -$

'

1692

12

1693

q@

worker, factory worker

!@% job, occupation, place of
work

4$

3%

E i - '

2-

!@rstaff, personnel
@I

q+

office, post, position; govern,

manage, direct, oversee

7.- li '
Jk
?& qc-9i
13

old, ancient, not new

Rg
B&

friend, companion
old style, old methods
restore

ES

$&t

47

9% historical relics; place of

74

4-7

&@

store, storage
collect books, build

$.@&

4$B

historical interest
historic remains, ruins

fall low, sink in the world

transfer to another office

JJS+

43

medicine; physician

&
9 1 2
1696

9
d
V
9

9
9

%@ %%
2

+
1

++-2%

91
'
9
%'

& tooth decay, caries

*a

&
4

harmful insects; vermin;

blight
parasite, parasitic insect

521

careful, cautious;respectful

;%B sober; stern

p%@

respectful congratulations

x J b J 9 press down; guard; ward

off evil influences;
brigade; market town

4%
71

~3%
1702

;%@ prudence, discretion

G'-

-3

insects; bugs; vermin

pb
3

#B

J .
$&
x

suppress, repress, quell

quiet. allay. pacify
alleviate pain

~ 4 % lock, fetters, chains

2
-t xi

$~~

5%
-t~)
4?

lo
1703

4 $3 $&

close a country to
foreigners
Pf& a chain; a series;
connection
.machain
store

XJ4J

4 36
4.39
4%
94
944 3!

19 strokes

18 strokes

subject, theme, title

i%fj@ problem, question;

&

'
/$1

AS

1712

)N/
4%

@&
@@

sum, amount
par value, face value
total amount

#!#,a

jqt

j&

1. '

"d

xd 41 3 punishment, warning

jg-

~9

,L.~m

,G I5

clestrov, demolish

rb

discipline, reprimand
be in prison, serve time
discipline, punish

4 41
4
8 "?

IC

'

+++clasp to the bosom

+ inside one's heart; in

31
T

@@

.@B

one's pocket
doubt, be skeptical about
innermost thoughts

3
12

1713

. '@$@

artillery shell, explosive

shell
@H$ bombing attack, to bomb
@&@ explode

+$
%A
4 "1
A

19 strokes

veterinarian

&@

1719

JP

dramatical or musical
entertainment

<

1720

-& &

331

"$

medicine, drugs

#&

*$I5

harvest, reap

jii

medicine, drugs
pharmacy, drugstore
$$@$$ herbal remedies,
Chinese medicine

"4%
%t

M&

*Jq

19 strokes

'Lg riverside, river bank

EB glasses, spectacles

-li-

fE

11

4%

$[t

1731
1

,,, g
1732

dressing table

BXlj

part, separate; bid

..

4 -1Q trouble, difficulty

$j61
@% fault, weakness;

j$
*>

$63

difficult point
a
a c e ;ad
difficult to deal with,
sensitive

34

q
?+

@%
%%

*+

vaporizer,
atomizer
dense fog
d i ~ i p a t edisperse
.

20 Strokes

Q4

fog, mist, vapor

. *%%sprayer,

Q%

%?

71

%+

?4

:'

'5

Y"

2'

7' %

+g

encourage; exhort;
persuade

@g

counsel, advice
solicit. induce
encourage; promote

3
$3

??I+?

??Ix?!

1737
319

20 strokes

20 stroke

69
17
1738

$9

%
&igf

&d 01

17
1740

Y?

f '/ \
/u\

soil, earth, clod; place,

region; rich soil
soil

family register, census

$5
9%
O&

do@]21

be poles apart

17
1739

solemn, grave
majesty, stately
severe winter

x&zg extreme difference,

"d

stern, strict, majestic,

dignified; private;
severely, extremely

3~)1treasure; valuable,
precious

BF!
g.ti

a treasure
a national treasure
jewel, precious gem

3L
gt'fl

*JL
2L

hang, suspend

%g

offer a prize, offer a

reward
E!$% pending bill; outstanding
question
a prize, prize money

revive, resuscitate;
come back to life

,&\

JG 16
1741

sFg$

sj

3)s brazier, stove, fireplace

A,@ brazier
jiLB

a stove; a fireplace
vented cooking brazier

"

13
1748

16

1742

5% humbly give; present,

JA

$4'

&%

$gj$q 8%
5
-t

fd

&B

flq
$81

16
1743

320

g-2-

34.

@@ donate, contribute

?!kl

T7;

13

$&

ly

3%perceive; aware, conscious

@B protocol, note

71

offer

&& offering, contribution

%w% devotion, self-sacrifice

touch; stimulate; offend;

butt, gore
senseof touch
touch, feel, perceive
through the senses

,
$3

ready ; resolved; perceive;

understand
illusion, hallucination

547,~+

4
4-4
4q
%L 7,L

21 strokes

20 strokes

struggle, fight
a fighter, u champion
EJE>fighting spirit, militant

33

a translation

sg

glory, honor; fame;

dignity, prestige
honor; distinction

%%

++
@tip

Z0k

'

&m

%g
1755

release, unloose; explain;

Sakyamuni, the historic
Buddha
explicate, explain
release from confinement,
set free
annotate, comment on
"';c"ck
alarm bell; a warning
bell house; belfry
evening bells; vesper
bells
(Also written @ .)

4
4 'k

84

7 A$
%

4%

a
7L
0 1

D,F%
empty space, margin

21 strokes

21 strokes

smnslled; ragged

E%

mg

@E

occur in succession,
follow one after another
appear in succession

exhibition, showing
read, peruse
view. inspect

an iron or steel plate

around to look
@Buy

adviser, advise
client, customer

22 strokes

22 strokes

@4p
@
R

egg (of a chicken)

poultry farming
crowing of a rooster

a crane (bird)

341

authority, power

power, influence

$3

@
@

delight, gladness
cheer, shout of joy

ir~fluence,effect
entertain, treat to
%@ sounding board

g@.

24 strokes

23 strokes

a\+]

cliff, rock; grotto

@@

cave; grotto

@h

lover, sweetheart

24 Strokes
yell

'-

a& *&

+!

9'

$5

silkworms

s$f$silk thread

sf$encroach,
make inroads
into, eat into
sericulture

"d.
;(,LA\

+4

02%.

1793

329

26 strokes

25 strokes
scc, behold; aspect, view

11

@,&

idea, conception; sense

@i ptourism,
i n t of view
sightseeing

1799

26 Strokes

AE

hall, main room

3
44
3
J

3!%&

APPENDICES

KOREAN SURNAMES
The surnames are listed in order of frequency of usage. The chart
reads from left to right.

APPENDICES

EASILY CONFUSED CHARACTERS

M'F'ENDICES

COMMONLY ABBREVIATED CHARACTERS

APPENDICES

CHARACTERS WITH MULTIPLE READINGS

APPENDICES

THE 900 MIDDLE SCHOOL CHARACTERS

IN TEXTBOOK ORDER
The list reads down from the left.

APPENDICES

34 1

APPENDICES

APPENDICES

INDEX

INDEX

HOW TO USE A CHARACTER DICTIONARY

Access to the characters in a hanja dictionary is possible
through a phonetic index, a stroke-count index or a radical
index. Each of these is explained below. Beginning students
may find the use of a radical arrangement difficult until they
have mastered basic characters.
Phonetic Index. Characters are listed in this type of index
in hang51 alphabetical order. This order appears as the first
column of the Syllable Practice Chart at the inside back cover. A
phonetic index is simple to use but suffers from limited utility
because a character can be located only if its reading is already known.
Stroke-count Index. Characters are listed in this type of
index according to the number of separate strokes used to
write them. There is no need for such an index in this book
because the 1,800 Basic Hanja in the main section are already
arranged in stroke-count order. To find a character in a strokecount arrangement, simply count its strokes, turn to the section in which hanja of that stroke count are grouped and locate
the target graph. Characters are listed in radical order within
each section. It is not uncommon to miscount strokes, so if a
character is not in one stroke-count section, peruse the two
adjacent sections.
Radical Index. Character dictionaries are divided into 214
sections. Each section is headed by a radical, or "section
head," which appears as a common element in every character within its section. The order of the 214 radicals is firmly
fixed according to ascending stroke count.
To find a character in a radical arrangement, it is first
necessary to estimate which part of the target character serves
as its radical. Familiarity with the radicals will facilitate this
task, and it is generally the case that the left-hand or topmost
component of a character serves as its radical. After settling
on the radical, count its strokes and pick it out of the index
from among other radicals with the same stroke count. The
index will indicate the page of the dictionary proper where
347

RADICAL INDEX

INDEX

the desired radical section begins. Next, determine the stroke

count of the non-radiqal portion of the target graph. Characters are listed in each radical section according to the stroke
count of their non-radical portions, so it is a simple matter to
locate a target graph among characters within a section which
share a like stroke count.
Let's assume we want to find the character, g , in a dictionary. By inspection, we take a as the radical because it is the
left-hand element. We see that our radical is composed of four
strokes, so we locate it among other four-stroke radicals in the
index and turn from there to the page in the dictionary proper
where the
radical section begins. The non-radical portion
of W is 1 and also has four strokes. It is not difficult to locate
W among the characters listed in the El radical section which
have four strokes in their non-radical portions.

Commonly-A bbreviated Radicals

Abbreviated radicals appear below in stroke-count order.
The original form of a radical is listed to the right of each abbreviation and is followed by its stroke count (where different)
to facilitate use of the following radical index.

1 stroke

(1)

2 strokes

11

$(4)

q
?
3 ( 5 ) 6 strokes
15(5)

3 (4) 3
P ( r i g h t ) 8 ( 7 ) t;
P (left) @ (8)

3 strokes

lfllr (6)
4 strokes

(6) -&
2
j (8)
9 strokes
b* (6)

lL\

(({

2
%
~k

PI1

Jh!

J II

zx

J L (4)
~

a,.,

7 strokes

8 (6) 9

w (6)

R (6)
& (6)

*
-#c.

-PI-

F ( 4 ) "

k(7) B

5 strokes

I3

f2

RADICAL INDEX
Radicals are listed in this index only under their o r i g i d forms. Refer
to the chart on the preceding page to determine the original form of an
abbreviated radical.

RADICAL INDEX

RADICAL INIWX

RADICAL INDEX

RADICAL INDEX

RADICAL INl)tX

HAIR('AL I N D E X

vd ( 8 )
278

d
8

1013

1163

1 1164

546
843

8$

842

1009

88
W

1597
1693

%
23

282

&

1407

Pf

381

382

fi

283

BE

547

1012

1598

fi

684

849

1526

548

848

f%

549
682

@
.

383

284

&
%

&

$f
lf8

683

&

685

PI(*)

844

689

1010

686

1694

11405

?691
fi

@ 1291

ik

1167

1292

%!

1301

1294
1293

1 1525
1 1778

r.2
$

279
550

851
1015

#
/&

1663

8
@

280

El
846

F
&

281

1161

%
8

1150

@
%

1394

% 1162
g 1159 f i
&t 1157
$7

1395

'

1006

831

781

mi596

1154

% 1658
@ 1656
#? 1654
@, 1657
$6 1655

1690

1523

380

&

1691

676

f/f%

1746

1296

@
@%

@
@

674

$%

1527

835

#& 1519

1600

832

@ 1521

687

1001

270

1406

850

830

2fi

%
%
#&

1002

1014

837

#f
%?
@
$#
@

fi

j% 853

h$

1762

836

& (f)
&

838

387

1532

1603

388

1668

$ 1698

1667

859

%
%

1180

1721

1722

1752

1780

qf1786

1174

1794

856

&

1019

1020

389

1749

8
zd

1177

fi

695

1178

1175

kt
R

1030

3
%

1176

1179

1520

385
1305

&

1748

386

287

zt

694

556

$2

858

!3

1333

11047

%I441

1430

560

1045

%?

1612

876

!%

1202

$ 1795

.@

1320

1550

&
@

864

1614

5$1 1619

AL)

@I768

g1671

1189

867

a 0)

i&

1190

865

1543

866

1727

@,

1755

563

879

@ 1049

1196

1048

397

%1436
i
$&

1435

R
k?i

lo50

1039

81 1042

$#

1703

1204

1025

1191

$8

1620

1309

@ 1316

399

1440

1183

$%
@

1618

1308
1311

1184

1193

%
#8
%
%

1194

1181

%
%
%
%

1037

1545

1035
1038

400

1433

1422

1182

1544

1329

$$ 701

1418

Bll88

a1699

a1321

$$lo41

@I702

%I324

B I O ~ OB 1 7 2 8 e

&

855

1022

1607

%f 1538

1171

1021

1606

f
R

1307

1604

1310

1605

1306

1666

1541
1542

393

8
%

1431

696

698

.%

860

@ 1428

1028

401

1326

@
394

1537

1323

863

1549

@
%

1701

1613

Bi!

873

1615

875

874

1203

1674

1622
1621

El675

1207

1781

&

1205
1208

561

&
&

BfJ

1676
1731

BS

562

fi

567

1206

im

704

&

705

%
$@ 1678

1553

@
%

1787

E(e)

566

9 Strokes

1439

1616
1617

398

1623

1046

&

872

3
3

878#

1331

871

1732

564

1434

j&P 1672
557

1315

1769

&

1317

1004

1172

1027

H
f8

#f?

880

1201

1419

1005

1335

1533

1173

1552

857

1007

877

1023

3
&:
3

I%

1330

1170

703

558

1677

E @)

1334

% 1327
i$l
1328 8 Strokes
% 1325
& 1429 1$

869

311

%
%

403

1034

854

1156

396
862

@ (f)

1415

1003

f 1195

?$

$!

1051

1192

%
'%
%

1043

392

861

834

833

1437

697

1426

sf

1764

1608

1799

390

&

$% 702

396

&

1024

I
@

1724

1726

1729

1322

1033

1670

1609

1 1730
565

@ 1700

1767

1705

&li] 1200

1209

1725

1199

ff 1313

1611

1704

1551

fi

1036

#$

1673

1438

%
%

1540

1332

402

1610

R
R

1197

1198

395

1044

1754

868

1312

1427

699

$& 1032

700

1432

870

@1536*

P
1425

1319

%
%!

559

1546

1539

@,

fi

1318

%%

693

1031

1314

&

384

@ 1602

/g 1548

1800

W,

$f 1185

1522

f%

1547

1530

1518

#$
$@

1186

1517

7Strokes

R
%

692

iffi

1750

1753

1399

1187

1531

1397

288

&
#
%

1400

1723

1761

1594
1689

@
@

3 1751

1401

"

1026

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@

1601
1018

1535

1169

Wlji 1029

1697

$ 1420

1593

675

285

286

1669

1534

fi

i% 1168

1779

&

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! 1302

554

1398

1300

688

1417

1416

1696

553+

1423

1516

1017

fg 1793
$ 1798

3
ig

1529

1166

1719

1414

3
3

@j
1528

1297

1424

1595

1413

1421

1282

1165

1299

,%

1283

271

@
Ij&

1303
1304

##
@

1515

)(t

$
!

1514

1396

852

1295

1152

1016

847

555

If!

1720

1160

&
@
.

,$%
@

i@
1717
% 1744

1763

690

1151

1158

%
%

1664

&% 1747

845

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%

@
@

1153

1599

1695

552

1000

1411

1 1665

681,

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1408

g 1412
8 1410
6% 1409

~sl:

loll

1298

%
g

R
@

1052

llE1212

1210

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1443

a
%i

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1624
1707
1706
1734
1053

PH0NE'I"ICINDEX

HAI)I(:AL INDEX

1211

1554

1336

&

1626

&

1445

@
. 1442

1054

10 Strokes WI

11757

a!

,%

1774

1783

IB[

1796

1057

k6

881

1$ 884

$@I444

i(lp1790

@1446@

1735

@ 1627

@ 1770

$fj 1679

@ 1756 11 Strokes
$ 1736
$ 1772
4?
&!$
$ 1058
R 1791 &

1625
'@1708

,%

ggi I788

At

706

708

:
g

%6i
f!h

1338
1337

1733

1709

1789

a8

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1447

5 5

1682 f

15 Strokes

ff 1758

d$r 1556

13 Strokes 16 Strokes

da

;;;;I 1
R

1680

:
W

1628

1214

1629

339

1055

711

%.
%

1681

1059

14Strokes 17Strokes

Stroke/:

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1213

1450

@ 1710

HangGI alphabetical order:

PHONETIC INDEX

'-.

1.
E, X , c.
ii 2 , D .

'. ". 0(0\.01.P.4.".01).x ,

X s3,

PHONETIC INDEX

PHONETIC INDEX

[g1
%?
&
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8
8

&

1160

1737

$3

617

426

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835

770

(3)

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1685

140

1114

$1710
I+)

141

%
4%

1019

1088

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957

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322
1164

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&I259

1116

558
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203

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786

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93

@ 1220
31697

fi
fi

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56

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&I280
1133

560

1624

1780

1640

759

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1194

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[%]

1196

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717

929

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&

1316

868

1123

623

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&

1032

1140

[q]

31780
1590
518

733

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1593

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383

1195

727

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963

776

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658

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946

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1272

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1588

1565

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1138

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152

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1153

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1048

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127

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608

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423

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$6 974

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1579

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I

1761
673

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[d]

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222

60

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294

166

738

34

670

1401

832

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$ 560

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915

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1473

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302

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& I368
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232

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610

796

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122

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ft:

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1604

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420

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400

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843

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432

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1576

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@ 1037
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g l 313
81 1215
@ 1674
W[j 1763

1484

PIIONETIC INDEX

PHONETIC INDEX

PHONETIC INDEX

PHONETIC INDEX

(41

j@ 1644

?%

521

&
&

847
1556

7z2
1284

I91
3

654

763

&

1499

1281

493

1602

569
805

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344

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1582
1570

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226

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8

417

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327

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1157

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866

1583
251

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1782
408

1083

438

703

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555

1678

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1301

1023

863

@ 1495

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263

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1516

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1672

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986

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@

474

976

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@ 504
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1122

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1596

1211

1741

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355

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800

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431

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737

1470

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h 195

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908

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1788

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1093

176

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1765

604

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198

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705

1425

221

848

970

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$2

668 [ ( t ]

53

1789

618

1044

682
802

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476
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1621

404

237

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707

88
117

1566

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360

158

1330

1375

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227

556

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993

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1600

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674
650

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81

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552

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[I!

[P\]
104

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

i
I

Chang, Sam-sik, ed. Comprehensive Chinese-Korean Dictionary (tae han han sachh). Seoul: Sbngmun Company,
1965.
DeFrancis, John. Beginning Chinese Reader, Part I. New
Haven: Yale University Press, 1965.
High School Classical Korean Education Research Society, ed.
High School Classical Korean for Liberal Arts High Schools
(inmunkye kotiing hakkyo: kotting hanmun). Seoul: Kongsin Publishing Company, 1973.
K w h , Chung-ku. General Principles of Classical Korean
(hanmun taekang). Seoul: Inu Printing Company, 1971.
Martin, Samuel E., ed. New Korean-English Dictionary.
Seoul: Minjungseogwan, 1977.
Middle School Classical Korean Research Society, ed. Middle
School Classical Korean (chunghak hanmun). Seoul: Minjungseogwan, 1972.
Min, Chae-sik, ed. The New World Comprehensive KoreanEnglish Dictionary (nyu wiild hanyang taesachiin). Seoul:
The Si-sa-yong-o Publishers, 1979.
Ministry of Education, Republic of Korea. Middle School
Classical Korean, Volumes I, I1 and I11 (chunghak hanmun).
Seoul: National Textbook Company, 1979.
Ministry of Education, Republic of Korea. Study of Word
Frequency in the Korean Language (urimal malsu sayong'tii chatki chosa). Seoul: T'aesiing Printing Company, 1956.
Nam, Kwang-u. A Study of the Basic Characters for Educational Use Selected by the Ministry of Education (munkyopu siSnch6ng kyoyukyong kich'o hanja yiinku). Seoul:
Republic of Korea Textbook Company, 1972.
Song, Chong-man. A New Explication of Sino-Korean Characters (sinhae hanja) . Seoul:Namhyang Munhwa Company,
1970.
Yi, Ka-w6n. New Lectures on Classical Korean (hanrnun
sinkang). Seoul: Sinku Munhwa Company, 1973.

A
ARACTERS
:;3ReadihL;
and Writing
:Hangul and Hanja
.

" C ' .I'

\

'

HOLLYM

Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters

by Chang-ui Kim
This book contains various aids for students of written Korean,
particularly the Sino-Korean characters known as hancha or

English-Korean Practical Conversation Dictionary

Edited by Gene S. Rhie & B. J. Jones
This dictioqary is specially designed for an essential guidebook
of Korean conversation.

Standard English-Korean Dictionary for Foreigners

Edited by B.J. Jones
This new English-Korean dictionary, based on lexicographic
standards, is the only dictionary specially designed for for-

Standard Korean-English Dictionary for Foreigners

Edited by Gene S. Rhie
This dictionary, as a companion to the Standard Englkh-Korean
Dictionary .for Foreigners, was designed as a convenient reference tool for those who want to find necessary words easily and

Korean Phrase Book for Travelers

This phrase book of pocket size, as quick and easy reference,
will help you communicate in everyday Korean life. Useful notes
and interesting guiding tips help you cope with real life situations.

Easy Way to Korean Conversation

by Pong Kook Lee & Chi Sik Ryu
This book will help you to converse more easily and catch some
of the excitement of talking to Koreans.

Let's Talk in Korean

by Pong Kook Lee & Chi Sik Ryu

This is a pocket-book version of earlier work, Easy Way to
Korean Conversation, but amply revised and supplemented to
better meet the actual needs of talking to Koreans in various

Let's Learn Korean with cassette tape

This book does the best job of Romanization, and includes
interesting introductory and background material, an explanation of the Korean alphabet, and a wide selection of helpful

(continuedfrom frontpap)

1 Guide to
KOREAN CHARACTERS
--

by Bruce K. Grant

b m to Rtnd a Little Korean- Or a Lot!

FOR THE FIRST TIME IN ENGLISH, a
pactical handbook with ALL YOU NEED
TO KNOW TO READ AND WRITE the dynamic language of the 50,000,000 Korean
people.
~fyou have a passing interest in the unique
culture of the "New Miracle of Asia, " you can
now learn the world's most scientific alphabet,
hangid, in minutes-not hours!
If you choose to visit the entrancing world of
Chinese characters, hanja as they are called
in Korea, you can embark on a brief excursion
into the calligraphy of the ancients.
Or, you can plunge into the 1,800 Chinese
characters taught to Korean school children.
And do it for the first time in English!

"KOREAN CHARAmRS"
AS A MINI- DICTIONARY
The 1,800maincharacters arranged in strokecount order.
Phonetic index included.
Radical index included.

USEFUL APPENDICES
Korean Surnames.
Easily Confused Characters.
Commonly Abbreviated Characters.
Characters with Multiple Readings.
.The 900 Middle School Characters in Textbook Order.
How to Use a Character Dictionary.
Chart of Abbreviated Radicals.

SPECIAL FEATURES
OF "KOREAN CHARACTERS"

HANG^ (alphabet) FEATURES

A no-nonsense approach to hangtit that cuts
learning time from hours to minutes. Only
half a page of explanation.
Special "HangZil-in-a-hurry" charts exploit
the similarities between the 16 basic letters
and their derivatives.
Writing models inside the back cover show
exactly how to write each hangfil letter and
every type of syllable.

HANJA (characters) FEATURES

All 1,800 Chinese characters taught in Korean schools.
Thorough English definition for each character.
An illustrated history of Chinese characters.
Practical hints on learning characters.
Each character accompanied by vocabulary
words in which it appears as a constituent
character.
Each vocabulary word selected on the basis
of frequency of usage in the language.

The editor, Bruce K .

Grant, took a B.A. from

Seoul's Dankook University in Korean Language

and Literature and a
Master's degree from
U.S.C. in teaching Chinese characters. He has
resided in Korea for nearIp 15 years and presently
serves in Seoul as an official of the U.S. Government.

ISBN: 0-930878- 13-2