ADVERBS OF TIME

Adverbs of time tell us when an action happened, but also for how long, and how often.

ADVERBS THAT TELL US WHEN

Adverbs that tell us when are usually placed at the end of the sentence.

EXAMPLES

Goldilocks went to the Bears' house yesterday.

I'm going to tidy my room tomorrow.

I saw Sally today.

I will call you later.

I have to leave now.

I saw that movie last year.

Putting an adverb that tells us when at the end of a sentence is a neutral position, but these adverbs can be put in other positions to
give a different emphasis. All adverbs that tell us when can be placed at the beginning of the sentence to emphasize the time
element. Some can also be put before the main verb in formal writing, while others cannot occupy that position.

EXAMPLES

Later Goldilocks ate some porridge. (the time is important)

Goldilocks later ate some porridge. (this is more formal, like a policeman's report)

Goldilocks ate some porridge later. (this is neutral, no particular emphasis)

ADVERBS THAT TELL US FOR HOW LONG

Adverbs that tell us for how long are also usually placed at the end of the sentence.

EXAMPLES

She stayed in the Bears' house all day.

My mother lived in France for a year.

I have been going to this school since 1996.

In these adverbial phrases that tell us for how long, for is always followed by an expression of duration, while since is always followed
by an expression of a point in time.

EXAMPLES

I stayed in Switzerland for three days.

I am going on vacation for a week.

I have been riding horses for several years.

The French monarchy lasted for several centuries.

I have not seen you since Monday.

Jim has been working here since 1997.

There has not been a more exciting discovery since last century.

ADVERBS THAT TELL US HOW OFTEN

Adverbs that tell us how often express the frequency of an action. They are usually placed before the main verb but after auxiliary
verbs (such as be, have, may, & must). The only exception is when the main verb is "to be", in which case the adverb goes after the
main verb.

EXAMPLES

I often eat vegetarian food.

He never drinks milk.

You must always fasten your seat belt.

I am seldom late.

He rarely lies.

Many adverbs that express frequency can also be placed at either the beginning or the end of the sentence, although some cannot
be. When they are placed in these alternate positions, the meaning of the adverb is much stronger.

Adverb that can be used in two positions

Stronger position

Weaker position

frequently

I visit France frequently.

I frequently visit France.

generally

Generally, I don't like spicy foods.

I generally don't like spicy foods.

normally

I listen to classical music normally.

I normally listen to classical music.

occasionally

I go to the opera occasionally.

I occasionally go to the opera.

often

Often, I jog in the morning.

I often jog in the morning.

regularly

I come to this museum regularly.

I regularly come to this museum.

sometimes

I get up very early sometimes.

I sometimes get up very early.

Adverb that can be used in two positions

Stronger position

Weaker position

usually

I enjoy being with children usually.

I usually enjoy being with children.

Some other adverbs that tell us how often express the exact number of times an action happens or happened. These adverbs are
usually placed at the end of the sentence.

EXAMPLES

This magazine is published monthly.

He visits his mother once a week.

I work five days a week.

I saw the movie seven times.

USING YET
Yet is used in questions and in negative sentences to indicate that something that has not happened or may not have happened but
is expected to happen. It is placed at the end of the sentence or after not.

EXAMPLES

Have you finished your work yet? (= simple request for information)

No, not yet. (= simple negative answer)

They haven't met him yet. (= simple negative statement)

Haven't you finished yet? (= expressing surprise)

USING STILL
Still expresses continuity. In positive sentences it is placed before the main verb and after auxiliary verbs such as be, have, might,
will. If the main verb is to be, then place still after it rather than before. In questions, still goes before the main verb.

EXAMPLES

She is still waiting for you.

Jim might still want some.

Do you still work for the BBC?

Are you still here?

I am still hungry.

ORDER OF ADVERBS OF TIME

If you need to use more than one adverb of time in a sentence, use them in this order:
1: how long 2: how often 3: when

EXAMPLES

1 + 2 : I work (1) for five hours (2) every day

2 + 3 : The magazine was published (2) weekly (3) last year.

1 + 3 : I was abroad (1) for two months (3) last year.

1 + 2 + 3 : She worked in a hospital (1) for two days (2) every week (3) last year.

Adverbs of Attitude

Attitude adverbs usually refer to the whole clause or sentence rather than just to a particular word or phrase. The list of
possible attitude adverbs includes: frankly, clearly, obviously, naturally, fortunately, hopefully, really, surprisingly,
astonishingly and apparently. Their position is quite flexible since they can occur at the beginning and the end of a clause
as well as immediately before the verb and before a complement:

Frankly , I dont think well win.

I dont think well win, frankly.

He obviously doesnt want to come.

Shes clearly the best person for the job.

You should note that most adverbs of attitude can also function as adverbs of manner; it depends on how the adverb is
used in a sentence and how it is spoken. The examples should help.

Clearly, its a question of choice. (attitude its obvious that)

I can see him quite clearly (manner there is no obstruction)

There are some native speakers who still object to the use of hopefully as an adverb of attitude and suggest it should only
be used as an adverb of manner as in its better to travel hopefully but quite why this one word is singled in this way is
not clear since, as we noted above, many of these attitude adverbs can be adverbs of manner too, for example:

Frankly my dear, I dont give a damn. (attitude)

I would like to speak to you frankly. (manner)

But these examples dont seem to upset some people to the same extent as hopefully.