Giaotrinh CNSH MT

CNG NGH SINH HC MI
TRNG
TS. L Phi Nga

TS. Jean-Paul Schwitzguebls
CNG NGH SINH HC MI TRNG
I TNG GING, MC TIU, YU CU

n
n
Bi ging c s dng cho gio vin ln lp

i tng l cc hc vin cao hc chuyn ngnh Cng
ngh mi trng, Vin Mi trng v Ti nguyn, HQG
Tp HCM
Mc tiu: Hc vin cn nm vng cc khi nim, nguyn
l ca cc cng ngh sinh hc c ng dng, cc
iu kin nh hng v yu t thnh cng
L mn hc t chn, yu cu hc vin c nhng kin
thc c bn v:
- Sinh vt hc
- Vi sinh vt mi trng
- Sinh thi mi trng
- Cng ngh mi trng
V TR CA CNSH-MT TRONG SINH THI

Mt tri
(Nang lng)
Thc vat
Khong Kh
O2, N2, CO2
H2O
CONG NGHE
SINH HOC MOI
TRNG
Cac loai vi sinh,

ong vat khong
xng song
(sinh vat phan huy)
ong vat an co
ong vat an tht
(sinh vat tieu thu)
at + Nc
(Dinh dng)
Tham gia bo v v ci to mi
trng, gi cn bng sinh thi
PHM VI NGHIN CU
Khng kh
Nc
VAI TR CA CNSH MT
Cht thi
asia.cnet.com/.../chil
dren_bronze2_sc.jpg
CNSH Mi trng tham gia vo cc qu trnh x l

nc cp, nc thi, bn thi, nc mt b nhim,
t nhim, kh nhim v cn c th dng nh
cng c iu tra nh gi nhim
KHI NIM
n
n
Cng ngh c th ng dng rng ri

Sinh hc: s dng c th sinh hc, mt
qu trnh sinh hc hay mt phn ng sinh
hc
Mi trng: gii quyt nhng vn ca
mi trng nh iu tra nhim, ci to
nhim, x l cht thi
CNG C SINH HC C S DNG

n
n
n
Vi sinh vt: trong nc, t

Thc vt: cn, bn ngp, ngp nc
ng vt khng xng sng trong
bn v t
Cao phn t sinh hc
-Nucleic acid (DNA, RNA)
- Protein / enzyme
- Lipids
- Polysaccharides
NH NGHA
Cng ngh sinh hc mi trng l s kt hp v mt nguyn
l ca nhiu ngnh khoa hc v k thut s dng nhng kh
nng sinh ha to ln ca cc vi sinh vt, thc vt hay mt phn
c th ca nhng sinh vt ny phc hi, bo v mi trng
v s dng bn vng ngun ti nguyn
EPFL/LEB (Lab for Environmental Biotechnology)
nhim khng kh
Cc cht nhim thng
gp
NOx, COx, SOx, C2F4
Hydrocarbons
Cht hu c d bay hi
(VOCs) BTEXs, axit
Kim loi nng (Pb..)
POPs (dioxins/furans, PCBs)
nhim t v nc
Cc cht nhim:
Hydrocarbons (BTEX, PAHs)
Hp cht c Clo (PCE, TCE,
PCBs)
Hp cht vng thm cha nit
(TNT)
Hp cht hu c(MTBE)
V c (NO3, NH4)
Kim loi nng (Cd, Cr, Pl, Zn,
Cu)
CHNG TRNH GING (30 TIT)
14 tit: X l nhim bng phng php vi sinh (Bioremediation)

v Khi nim v Nguyn l
v K thut x l nhim mi trng nc
v K thut x l nhim mi trng t
10 tit: X l nhim bng thc vt (Phytoremediation)
v t v nc nhim kim loi nng: nguyn l, k thut x l
v t v nc nhim cht hu c: nguyn l, k thut x l
6 tit: X l cht thi i km to sn phm (Bioconversion)
v Nguyn l x l hiu kh v k kh
v Cng ngh sinh metan t nc thi v cht thi rn Cng ngh
sinh hydro
v Cng ngh to etanol t cht thi cha carbonhydrat,
cenllulose
CHNG TRNH GING (30TIT)- (tip theo)
5 tit: X l cht thi i km to sn

phm (Bioconversion)
v Nguyn l x l hiu kh v k kh
v Cng ngh sinh metan t nc thi v
cht thi rn Cng ngh sinh hydro
v Cng ngh to etanol t cht thi
cha carbonhydrat, cenllulose
X l nhim bng
phng php vi sinh
(BIOREMEDIATION)
X L NHIM BNG PHNG PHP VI

SINH (BIOREMEDIATION)
Nguyn l

SINH: Sinh l ca vi khun
t bo vi khun
nng lng
echt cho
in t
(ngun nng
lng)
esinh tng hp
cht nhn
carbon
in t
N, P,
(oxy, nitrate,
S, Fe,
Vi lng sulfate, carbonic)
Sinh trng ca vi sinh vt yu cu dinh dng (C,N, P, S) vi lng v

h hp trong bao gm ngun cho v cht nhn in t

SINH: C ch ng ha cht nhim
t bo vi khun
nng lng
eCht nhim
l cht cho
in t
(ngun nng
lng)
e-
sinh tng hp
carbon
N, P,
S, Fe,
Vi lng
cht nhn in
t (oxy, nitrate,
sulfate,carbonic)
Cht nhim l cht cho in t

SINH: C ch ng ha cht nhim
t bo vi khun
nng lng
echt cho
e-
sinh tng hp
in t
Cht nhim
(ngun nng = ngun
lng)
carbon
cht nhn in
N, P, t (oxy, nitrate,
S, Fe, sulfate,carbonic)
Vi lng
Cht nhim l ngun carbon

SINH: Bin i cht nhim theo c ch sinh l
t bo vi khun
nng lng
echt cho
in t
(ngun nng
lng)
sinh tng hp
carbon
eCht nhim =
cht nhn in
N, P,
t (nitrate,
S, Fe,
Sulfate,carbonic)
Vi lng
Cht nhim l cht nhn in t

SINH: Bin i cht nhim theo c ch trc tip
Cht nhim
b bin i
Cht nhim
nng lng
e-
esinh tng hp
cht cho
electron
(ngun
nng
lng)
carbon
N, P,
S, Fe,
etc.
Cht nhim khng tham gia vo qu trnh

trao i cht nhng b bin i bn trong t
bo vi khun
cht nhn
electron
(kh oxygen,
nitrate,
sulfate,
kh carbonic)

SINH: Bin i cht nhim theo c ch gin tip
nng lng
e-
esinh tng hp
cht cho
electron
(ngun
nng
lng)
carbon
N, P,
S, Fe,
etc.
Cht nhim
S bin i cht nhim xy ra hon
ton bn ngoi t bo vi khun
cht nhn
electron
(kh oxygen,
nitrate,
sulfate,
kh carbonic)
Cht nhim
b bin i
CHT NHIM L NGUN CACBON
nhim
du
C ch ng ho
sch du
CHT NHIM L CHT NHN IN T

Qu trnh kh nitrt k kh:
NO3- + 2e- + 2H+
NO2- + H2O
N2
VD: Paracoccus species, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,

and Rhodobacter sphaeroides
Qu trnh kh sulphat k kh :
Acetat+ 3H+ SO42-
2H2O+ H2S + 2CO2
VD: Desulfovibrionaceae , Desulfobacteriaceae, Desulfobulbusaceae
C ch sinh l
CHT NHIM B BIN I TRC TIP

Mi trng
T bo vi sinh vt
CO
Cl
Cl
Cl
TCE
oxygenase
(toluene, phenol, methane,
ammonia, isoprene, propane)
Cl
Cl
Cl
TCE epoxide
Oxt carbon
HCOOH
Formic axt
Cl2HC-COOH
dichloroacetate
OHC-COOH
glyoxylate
XY HO KH L PHN NG C S
-0,5
0,5
(volts)
O2 H2O
Kh
CT CF
PCE TCE
DCB MCB
NO3 NO2
DCE VC
SO4 H2S
CO2 CH4
Ferredoxin ox
NADH NAD
-50
Oxi ho
+50
Nng lng gii phng (kJ/mol electron vn chuyn)
VAI TR CA XY V CHT THAY TH XY
Vai tr ca xy trong phn hy Hiu kh :

1. Cht nhn in t cui ca qu trnh h hp
2. oxy ha cht nhim trc tip
Vai tr ca cht thay th xy trong phn hy K kh :
1. Cht nhn in t cui ca qu trnh h hp l:
Ion/ hp cht (NO3, SO4, Fe(III), Mn(IV), CO2,
2. Tham gia bin dng cht nhim (kh)
XY HO TRC TIP CHT NHIM

OH
COOH
COOH
OH
benzene
O2
catechol
NH3
O2
NH2OH
O2
KH BIN I CHT NHIM TRONG

IU KIN K KH
CH3
COOH
COOH
COOH
H2O +
4e-
NH4+ + NO2-
H2O +
4e-
ANAMMOX
N2 + 2H2O
KH HALOGEN DO VI SINH VTK KH

tetrachloroethene
(PCE)
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Desulfitobacterium strain PCE1
2[H]
HCl
trichloroethene
(TCE)
Cl
Cl
Cl
H
2[H]
HCl
cis-1,2-dichloroethene
(cis-1,2-DCE)
Cl
Cl
Dehalospirillum multivorans
Dehalobacter restrictus
Desulfitobacterium strain PCE-S
Desulfitobacterium strain TCE1
Desulfitobacterium strain Y51
Desulforomonas chloroethenica
2[H]
HCl
vinyl chloride
(VC)
Cl
H
2[H]
HCl
ethene
Dehalococoides ethenogenes

GHI NH
Xc nh cht nhim
nh gi kh nng b phn hy bng vi sinh vt
iu kin ha-l-sinh ni nhim?
p dng nguyn l : cht cho v nhn in t
S dng qu trnh hiu kh? k kh? Hoc c 2 qu trnh?
iu kin cn thit cho vi sinh vt pht trin?
Chn k thut c s dng
Xc nh iu kin nh hng
Phng php theo di, nh gi hiu qu x l ?

Cng ngh
BIOREMEDIATION:
CC DNG CNG NGH X L
Kch hot (Biostimualation)- thm cht dinh dng

v oxy
Tng cng (Bioaugmentation)-Thm vi sinh vt
Theo di qu trnh lm sch t nhin (Bioattenuation)

X L T NHIM
X L NHIM T : CC K THUT
NG DNG
X l bn ngoi
v tr nhim
(ex- situ)
X l ti
v tr nhim
(in- situ)
Bn nho
(Bio-slurry)
Cung cp khng
kh
(Bioventing)
Tri trn t
(Land treatment)
nh ng
(Biopiles)
Mi k thut c s dng
cng ngh: Biostimualation,
Bioaugmentation)
X L NHIM T : K thut Bn nho

Sng t
ht th
B trn bn/ ra t
B- 1
Trn
B-2
B-3
Sng ht mn To bn
Thm:
-Nc
-Dinh dng
-cht to bt,
Cht n nh
B
phn
ng
B
tch
nc
Cung
cp kh
cng ngh: Biostimualation, Bioaugmentation
t,
bn
x
l
X L NHIM T : K thut tri t

H thng ti
Lp t nhim
Lp ct
ng thot nc
Lp vt liu , si hoc xy xi mng
X L NHIM T : K thut tri t
X L NHIM T :
K thut tri t c che mi
Mi che chng ma
Lp t nhim
cha dinh dng,
vi sinh
Lp chng
thm di
y
ng thot
nc, dch x
l
Vt liu rn tng thong kh
X L NHIM T :
K thut tri t c che mi+ h thng x l kh
Mi che chng thot kh
H thng x
l kh (cht
nhim bay hi)
H thng ti
t
nhim
ng thot
nc
X L NHIM T : K thut ng
Bao ph bng
lp nha PE
monitoring
t
nhim
Ly mu
point
sample
Bao
ph bng
line
lp nha PE
knockout
tank
valve
HD PE clean soil
lp
base
liner
nha
ng cp
PE
kh
liquid pump
storage tank
stack
activated
blower
charcoal drums
brass or PVC valve
(to header)
smooth PVC
lp
nha
PE
NOT TO SCALE
FRONT VIEW
Nhn
mt trc
ng nha, c l
cp kh
pea gravel
mound
t
nhim
ng nha,
cp kh
SIDE VIEW
Nhn mt sau
X L NHIM T : K thut ng
X L NHIM T :
K thut cp kh (Bioventing)
Ventilateur
Tch
kh
Ging m kh vo
Ging ht Puits
khdextraction
vo
Sparateur
deau
Tch
nc
Traitement
deskh
gaz
X l
Eautch
Nc
t khng
nhim
t nhim

X L NC NHIM
X L NHIM NC: CC K THUT

NG DNG
X l bn ngoi
v tr nhim
(ex- situ)
X l ti
v tr nhim
(in- situ)
Bm ht v x l
(Pum and treat)
Theo di lm
sch t nhin
(Bio-attenuation)
Mi k thut c s dng
mt trong 3 cng ngh:
Biostimualation, Bioaugmentation)
hoc Bio-attenuation
Thi kh
(Biosparging)
Be b nhn dng
(Biobarriers)
Nc ngm: nhim dng LNAPL (Light nonaqueous phase liquid)
LNAPL
Cht nhim dng LNAPL (Light non-aqueous

phase liquid)
Nc ngm: nhim dng DNAPL

(Dense non-aqueous phase liquid)
Cht nhim
Lng cn
DNAPL
Ha tan trong
nc
Hng chy ca
nc ngm
Lp
Bay hi
Lp st
Cht nhim dng DNAPL (Dense non-aqueous

phase liquid)
X L NHIM NC NGM: K thut theo

di qu trnh t lm sch (Natural attenuation)
Ging
Vng
quan
nhim nng
trc
nht
nhim
bt u
(gc)
Ging quan trc di ng

theo vng bin lan ta
Hng vng nhim lan truyn

ng bin vng nhim
Ging quan trc
im ly mu t
Ging quan
trc di ng
theo trc gia
vng lan ta
Nng gim
dn ca cht
nhim ha
tan
X L NHIM NC NGM: K thut theo

di qu trnh t lm sch (Natural attenuation)
Phn hy sinh hc
Hp th/ hp ph
Natural
Attenuation
Bay hi
Phn tn, ha tan

Phn hy ha hc
Tm hiu cc qu trnh xy ra trc khi quyt nh k thut

s dng tip theo
X L NHIM NC NGM: K thut

theo bm ln ri x l (Pump-treat)
Hi thot
Kim tra
cht lng
kh
ng dn nc
sch quay vng
Ngun thi
Ging
cp li
Hng nc
chy
Ging
bm ln
Mc nc ngm
B
x l
X L NHIM NC NGM:
K thut bm ln ri x l (Pump-treat)
X L NHIM NC NGM:
K thut thi kh (Biosparging)
Ging bm p
Ging bm ht
Vng nc cha bo
ha cht nhim
Vi sinh vt
Vng nhim
Vng nc bo ha
cht nhim
X L NHIM NC NGM:
K thut bm dinh dng (Bioenhancement)
Ging
bm ht
B trn
dinh dng
Bm y
Mc nc
a thm
dinh dng
Gii hn vng x l
Ging bm p
X L NHIM NC NGM:
K thut be b (Biobarrier)
Cht
nhim lan
to
Tao b chn cht

nhim- cho
ho cht, cht
dinh dng hay
vi sinh
o ho su
Nc cha
X L NHIM NC NGM:
K thut be b (Biobarrier)
X L NHIM NC NGM:
Dng cht nh oxy, hydro
ORC =Cht nh xy
MgO2 + H2O O2 + Mg(OH)2
HRC =Cht nh hydro

Polylactate + H2O lactate H2 + acetate
Oxi ha:
BTEX
alcohols
ketones
MTBE
vinyl chloride
Kh:
PCE, TCE,
nitrate
chromium
Perchlorate
Thuc n
X L NHIM NC NGM:
Dng cht nh oxy, hydro
Trn
Bt
Dng nho
X L NHIM NC NGM:
Bm p cht nh xy
X L NHIM NC NGM:
Bm p cht nh hydro
X L NHIM NC NGM:
phi hp cc k thut
Bm ORC
Vng x l
Ex-situ
Bm dinh dng
Vng nhim
cn x l
In-situ
X l Natural
annuation
Bm HRC
Vi sinh vt pha
trn lp nc
Vng chn lan ta
X l nhim bng phng php vi

sinh (BIOREMEDIATION)
Nhng yu t nh hng
NHNG YU T NH HNG
1.
2.
3.
Kh nng bin i cht nhim ca vi sinh vt: chng

loi, s lng, hot tnh...
Bioavailability : cht nhim dng c kh nng
c vi sinh vt tip nhn v bin i
Yu t ha l mi trng nh hng n kh nng
bin i cht nhim bng vi sinh vt
pH
Nhit
m
mui
Cht nhn in t
Dinh dng
xy
c tnh
4.
K thut x l s c ng dng
PHN NHM VI SINH VT THEO pH THCH

NGHI
pH
Extreme
alkalophiles
14 Alkaliphiles a pH 9 12, thng dng :

-Lm sch fim X-quang
-cng nghip thc phm, dc
-X l ncthi
-X l nhim du..
alkalophiles
Neutrophiles
Acidophiles
Extreme
acidophiles
Neu trophiles a pH 5.58,

nhm chim a s trong sinh thi
Acidophiles a pH 1 5 c, thng c dng :

-Thu hi kim loi nng t nc thi hm m
- Gim lu hynh (S) trong than .
-Mt vi loi c th c th s dng axt hu c, dung
mi
Tc sinh trng
NHIT & SINH TRNG CA VI SINH VT
tc ti u
tc tng tuyn
tnh
Chu ng ti a
T bo ng c, phn
ng sinh ha din ra cc
k chm, VSV khng sinh
trng
Nhit
Protein b bin tnh, t bo b

ph hy, thy phn t bo
cht
PHN NHM VI SINH VT THEO NHIT

THCH NGHI
Thermophiles
Hyper
thermophiles
Extreme
thermophiles
Mesophiles
60O
39O
Psyrophiles
4O
88O
106O
PHN NHM VI SINH VT THEO MUI

(NaCL) THCH NGHI
a mui
Hon ton
khng a
mui
Chu mui
a nng
mui cao
KH NNG CHU HN CA VI SINH VT
aw: l hot tnh nc ca ca mi trng

p sut hi ca dung dch/t
Aw =
p sut hi ca nc tinh khit
Vi sinh vt
Pseudomonas fluorescens
Salmonella newport
Staphylococcus aureus
Aspergillus amstelodami
aw
0.96
0.95
0.86
0.70
Xerophile l nhngx vi sinh vt c kh nng chu hn rt cao
BIOAVAILABILITY CA CHT NHIM
Vi sinh
b c
nh
Cht
nhim b
hp ph
Cht nhim tip
cn vi sinh vt nh
th no?
Bioavailability : dng tn ti ca cht nhim

vi sinh vt c th tip cn, tip nhn v bin i
BIOAVAILABILITY PH THUC TNH K

NC CA CC DNG VT CHT T
Cht hu c (OM)
Vi sinh vt
ORGANIC
MATTER
BACTERIA
t st
OM
PORE
WATER
QUARTZ
Concentration
K nc
High
cao
CLAY
CELL WALL
Low
Cht nhim d
dng lin kt vi cc
dng cht cht hu
c
BIOAVAILABILITY PH THUC KH
of nonpolar
chemicals
NNGAbsorption
B HP PH
CA CHT
NHIM
to organic matter trong bn v t
PAHs
log Kom
5
4
3
ll llll l lll llll

l l l
l llll l ll l l
l
l lllll l ll
2
1
various
Nhiu
loisoils
mu bn
orvsediments
tested
t
Diclorophenyl
BIOAVAILABILITY PH THUC TUI

CA CHT NHIM NGOI MI TRNG
Cht nhim
Ht t
nhim va
xy ra
nhim
sau mt
thi gian
Tng cng Bioavailabilility bng cht

hot ng b mt sinh hc (biosurfactant)
Biosurfactants
Attachment
to substrate
Cht nhim b
nh ha
Cht nhim b
bao cht trong t
Spec. activity
Specific affinity
concentration
Gim i lc vi t
Tng tc vi sinh vt & b mt ht t

Bacteria-surface interactions
Vi sinh bi
Transport
ti
Vi Initial
sinh
adhesion
tip
xc
Tng
hp
Polymer
cht
keo
synthesis
To mng
Biofilm
formation
vi sinh
B mt ht t
Kh nng chuyn ng ca vi sinh vt trong

kheBacterial
rng
behavior in porous media
T bo phn
Cell division
chia
Lin
kt
Clogging
Ri
ra
Release
T botip xc vi
Adhesion
Desorption
b mt
Chuyn ng ca vi sinh vt trong mi trng

Chuyn ng nhanh
Chuyn ng chm
Vi khun a nc
C b mt mang in tch
ln
Kch thc t bo nh
t ln nhiu ct
t c pH kim
Mi trng c nng ion
thp
m cao, bo ha nc
Vi khun k nc
C b mt mang in tch
nh
Kch thc t bo ln
t ln nhiu st
t c pH axit
Mi trng c nng ion
cao
m thp
X l nhim t bng
thc vt
(PHYTOREMEDIATION)
X L NHIM BNG THC VT

NI DUNG
n nhim t- ri ro sinh thi
n nhim kim loi nng: nguyn l,
c ch
n Cht nhim hu c: nguyn l,
c ch
n K thut trng cy:ng dng, u nhc im, iu kin thnh cng
nhim t: ri ro sinh thi
Khng kh
T
nhim
Ri ro!!!
Thc vt
Thc vt
Nc ngm
ng vt
CON
NGI
X L NHIM BNG THC VT
nhim Kim loi nng
Cc dng kim loi trong t
Trong dch t
Hp ph yu trong t
Tng
Hp cht vi carbont
Hp cht vi oxt Fe, oxt Mn
Hp cht vi cht hu c
Hp cht vi sulpht
Trong cu trc khong vt
Dng ion
t do
Dng
phc vi
ion v c
Dng
phc
/chalat
vi hp
cht c
C ch Kim loi nng tch ly trong

trong t bo thc vt
Cc loi cht to
phc vi cht
nhim:
nGSH: glutathione
nMT: metallothioneins
nNA: nicotianamine
nOA: organic acids
nPC: phytochelatins
Thnh t bo
OA
NA
OA
Dch bo
OA
NA
Hp
th
GSH
GSH
GSH
Khng bo
X L NHIM BNG THC VT

Kim loi nng ch
chuyn t dng
ny sang dng
khc
Vn chuyn
ln trn
R hp
thu
Thu hoch
Gii hp t
t
Tch t trong r
C nh tr li
trong t
Cc loi thc vt siu hp thu kim loi

mg/g trng lng kh
Tn/ha/nm
X L NHIM BNG THC VT
nhim cht hu c
Dng ca cht nhim hu c trong t

Dng ht
Dng mng bao
Dng hp ph
Dng hp thu
Dng ht lng gia ht t
Dng ht lin kt vi cht rn khc
Hp cht hu c c kh nng x l
bng thc vt
Log Kow
C ch
<1.0
C kh nng hp th v chuyn dng
1.0 -3.5
C kh nng hp th, chuyn dng, bay hi
> 3.5
Ch c kh nng lu trong t
Log Kow: thc o k nc ca cht hu c (t s gia hm

lng phn b cht hu c trong pha octanol i vi pha nc
Kh nng di ng ca cht hu c trong

thc vt
Di ng ti u
trong mch libe
Di ng trong
mch g v
mch libe
Ch di ng
trong mch g
Khng di ng
Cc qu trnh chnh xy ra vi cht

nhim hu c trong t
Cc qu trnh vn chuyn
(khng bin i)
Cc qu trnh bin i
1. Bay hi
1. Phn hu bi vi khun
2. Ngm xung t
2. Chuyn ho trong thc vt
3. Hp thu/gii hp
3. Thu phn ho hc
4. Hp thu bi thc vt
4. Quang phn hu
C ch cht hu c bin i trong

trong t bo thc vt
Cc loi cht to
phc vi cht
nhim:
nGSH: Glutathione
nGlu:Glucose
Khng bo
Hp
th
Glu
Dch bo
GSH
Enzim
phn hy
Glu
Glu
GSH
GSH
Thnh t bo
Glu
Cu trc tng t gia: cht bi tit t r, cht

tng tc gia cy v loi sinh vt khc
(allelochemicals) v cht nhim
Cht bi tit t r
Cht nhim
allelochemicals
CU TO L CY
L cy c cu to
cho quan tng hp,
trao i kh, gim mt
nc, vn chuyn nc
v cht ng
Lp cutin
Lp biu b trn
T bo tht l
B mch
Mch g
Mch libe
Lp biu b di
Kh khng
T bo km
T bo tht l
CU TO MCH G
CU TO R
X L NHIM BNG THC VT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
T khng kh vo l cy (dng kh
dng ht)
Bay hi t t v i vo l cy
Cc ht t dnh vo thn v l
cy (bn ln do nc ma)
Hp thu cn bng gia cc ht
t v dch t
Vn chuyn t t vo r cy
Vn chuyn trong h thng mch
Vn chuyn t chi sang qu
5
thng qua dch libe
2
6
3
VN CHUYN QUA L CY
Bm trn b mt
lp cutin
Ho tan cc cht
nhim dng kh
thng qua kh khng
Vn chuyn qua t
bo vo mch g
VN CHUYN QUA R VO MCH G

Con ng
bn ngoi t
bo
Con
ng
Khung caspary xuyn bo
Con ng
bn ngoi t
bo
Mch g
Con ng
xuyn bo
Lng
ht
Biu b
Biu b
trong
Li
Khung caspary
Biu b trong
X L NHIM BNG THC VT
Cng ngh x l
X L NHIM BNG THC VT:

Cng ngh x l
1. Chuyn dng (Phyto-transformation)

2. X l bng vng r (Rhizosphere Bioremediation)
3. C nh (Phyto-stabilization)
4. Chit (Phyto-extraction)
5. Lc bng r (Rhizo-filtration)
6. Bay hi (Phyto-volatilization)
CNG NGH CHUYN DNG CHT NHIM

(PHYTO-TRANSFORMATION)
Nc ngm
Nc thi
t nhim
Mi trng
Cht nhim
Thc vt
ng dng
Chlorinated aliphatics (TCE), MTBE

Cht thi giu amoni
(TNT, RDX, HMX, perchlorate)
Dinh dng (nitrat, ammoni, phosphate)
Thuc tr c
Thc vt nc ngm (cy thuc h liu, gm cy dng,
liu, dng chu M)
Cc loi c (la mch en, c ui tru, la min, cy thc)
Cy h u (c ba l, c linh lng, u a)
X lTCE, dinh dng trong nc ngm

Thc nghim trn cht thi giu amoni
CNG NGH X L BNG VNG R

(RHIZOSPHERE BIOREMEDIATION)
Mi trng
t
Bn lng
Cht nhim
Hp cht hu c c kh nng phn hu sinh hc

(BTEX, TPH, PAHs, PCBs, thuc bo v thc vt)
Thc vt
C c r si (la m, c ui tru, la mch en)

Cy sn xut cc hp cht phenol (du tm,
to, du cam vng)
Thc vt a nc ngm
ng dng
X l TPH, BTEX, PAH, PCP

ang dng nghin cu (PCBs, thuc bo v
thc vt)
CNG NGH C NH CHT NHIM

(PHYTO-STABILIZATION)
Mi trng
Cht nhim
Kim loi nng (Pb, Cd, Zn, As, Cu, Cr,

Se, U)
Hp cht hu c k nc, PCBs
Thc vt
Dng cc thc vt a nc ngm

kim sot ngun nc
Dng cc loi c c r si kim sot
xi mn
ng dng
X l gim c trong t
CNG NGH CHIT T(PHYTO-EXTRACTION)

Mi trng
t
t nhim cht thi cng nghip
Cht nhim
Thc vt
ng dng
Kim loi nng (Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, Cu)
Ci b xanh (Brassica juncea)

Hng dng (Helianthus spp.)
Thlaspi caerulescens
X l nhim mc nh (Pb, Cd, Zn Ni )
CNG NGH LC BNG R

(RHIZO-FILTRATION)
Mi trng
Cht nhim
Nc thi
Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, Cu

Cht phng x
Hp Cht hu c k nc
Cht n (RDX)
Thc vt
ng dng
Thu thc vt:

Thc vt ni
Thc vt ngp nc
ng dng trn m hnh bi ngp
CNG NGH BAY HI QUA L CY

(PHYTO-VOLATILIZATION)
Mi trng
Cht nhim
t
Bn lng
Se, As, Hg
Hp Cht hu c k nc bay hi
(VOCs)
Ci b xanh (Brassica juncea)

Cy ngp nc
Thc vt a nc ngm
Thc vt
ng dng
ang mc thc nghip pilot
CC PHNG PHP HU X L
K thut
Thun li
Kh khn
Composting
Gim th tch v hm Tn thi gian

lng nc
i hi thit b c bit
Sn phm cui vn l cht
c hi
ng rn
Gim th tch
Thu hi kim loi
i hi thit b c bit
Sn phm cui vn l cht
c hI
Nhit phn
Gim th tch mt
cch ng k
S dng sn phm
(kh nhit phn
Sn phm cui vn l cht

c hI
X L NHIM BNG THC VT
K thut trng cy
Bi lc ngp
nc
Lc nc
Cc k
thut x
l bng
trng
cy
x l nc
ngm
x l t
nhim
x l kh
X L NHIM
BNGfor
THC
VT:
Constructed
Wetland
Wastewater
K thut bi lc ngp nc
Treatment
Nutrients
Dinh
dng
Ncvo
Inffluent
Sada
Outlet
Equalization
basin
Nc thi
Industrial
cng
discharge
nghip
Inlet
Effluent sampling point
Ly mu phn tch
Pilot beds
10
9
8
7
6
5
Bed 4 Bi
Bed 3lc
Bed
2 Bed 1
1-4
4
3
2
1
Effluent
Nc
ra

K thut bi lc ngp nc

K thut bi lc ngp nc
10000
1000
ppm
NO3 in
NO3 out
100
CODin
CODout
10
1
ul
/J
13
l
Ju
3/
un
/J
23
un
/J
13
n
Ju
3/
ay
/M
24
Kt qu: loi 90% Nitrt v COD !

K thut bi lc ngp nc
Concentration (ppm)
1000
100
ANLin
MNBin
ANLef
10
MNBef
1
-O
17
ct
ay
ug
-A
28
l
Ju
9-
-M
20
ar
eb
-M
31
F
9-
Loi > 90% hp cht thm

K thut trng cy x l nc ngm
1999
Argonne East, USA
Cht nhim: KLN, cht
phng x, dung micha Clo
1996
Fort Worth, Texas USA
Cht nhim:TCE
su 6 - 10 feet

K thut trng cy x l nc ngm
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Trng cy x l
1987
1988
1990
1994
1996
Alachlor
Antrazin
Metachlor
a im: Oconee, Illinois, UAS

Cht nhim: Nitrat, Ammoni & TBVTV
su 6 - 10 feet
Metribuzin
nh gi

U IM
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
Dng nh sng mt tri

X l ti ch
c chp nhn rng ri
Chi ph thp: 10-20% so vi cc phng php
truyn thng
t cht thi th cp hn
Khng c mi hi thi
t sau x l c th tip tc s dng

NHC IM
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
Sinh khi gii hn

Ch gii hn cho tng t nng, nc chy v nc ngm
Tch lu nhiu cht nhim c hi s gy c cho cy
Kh nng hp th sinh hc v c tnh ca cc sn phm
phn hu cha c xc nh
Chm hn cc phng php truyn thng
Ch thch hp vi cc cht nhim a nc
Cht nhim c kh nng i vo chui thc phm thng
qua ng vt n cy c
Cc cht nhim c kh nng ngm su hn vo nc
ngm theo r su
So snh chi ph x l
kim loi nng nhim trong t
Trng cy (Phytoremediation)
25 - 100
Nung nng
40 - 600
Ra t
50 - 150
in phn
50 - 300
ng rn/ Lm n nh
75 - 205
Chit ra t ti ch
75 - 210
Chn lp
100 - 500
Ha tan/ chit bng axt
150 - 400
Nhit gii hp
150 - 500
Nhit x l
200 - 450
So snh chi ph x l
cht nhim hu c trong t
Trng cy
(Phytoremediation)
X l ti ch bng pp vi sinh
10 - 35
50 - 150
Trn khng kh
20 - 220
Ra t
80 - 200
Nung nhit trc tip
120 - 300
ng rn/ Lm n nh
240 - 340
Chit bng dung mi
360 - 440
200 - 1500
X L NHIM BNG THC VT
Yu t v iu kin thnh cng
CHUYN DNG
(PHYTO-TRANSFORMATION)
C s l
thuyt
Nhn t
quyt nh
iu kin
thnh cng
D liu cn
thit
Cc hp cht hu c c hp thu v
bin i
Hp thu bi thc vt, chuyn ha, bay
hi
Log Kow = 1-3.5
Khng gy c cho thc vt
c tnh
Con ng chuyn ha
X L BNG VNG R
(RHIZOSPHERE BIOREMEDIATION)
C s l
thuyt
Nhn t
quyt nh
iu kin
thnh cng
D liu cn
thit
H r dy hp thu ha cht v kch thch

vi khun pht trin
Vi sinh phn hy, cn h r dy
Cc hp cht c kh nng b phn hu
bi vi sinh hiu kh
c tnh
Con ng chuyn ha
C NH
(PHYTO-STABILIZATION)
C s l
thuyt
Nhn t
quyt nh
iu kin
thnh cng
D liu cn
thit
R gi t v nc, c nh kim loi

Kim sot ngun nc, n nh v c
nh t
H r pht trin mnh
Dng cho cc cht c th b c nh
Kh nng lm gim ngm v xi mn t
CHIT T(PHYTO-EXTRACTION)
C s l
thuyt
Nhn t
quyt nh
iu kin
thnh cng
D liu cn
thit
Cy sinh trng khe, hp thu v tch ly

cc cht nhim hm lng kh cao
Kh nng sn xut sinh khi v tch ly
cht nhim trong cc b phn c th thu
hoch
> 3 tn sinh khi kh/ha.nm
> 1000 mg/kg kim loi
X l t nhim nh cho t tiu chun
Kh nng thu hi kim loi hoc thi b an
ton
LC BNG R (RHIZO-FILTRATION)
C s l
thuyt
Nhn t
quyt nh
iu kin
thnh cng
D liu cn
thit
R cy hp thu v c nh cc cht
nhim
Hp thu/lc qua r, cy c kh nng chu
ngp nc
Mt cy 200-1000 g/m2
Thi gian chu ngp nc l vi ngy
Tc x l nhim
nh hng ca EDTA n hiu qu loi KLN

(th nghim trong nh knh vi cy bp, Zea mays)
Hm lng KLN trong t / l (mg/kg trng lng kh)

X l
Pb
Zn
Cd
Cu
Khng x l
2.8 / 34.4
3.3 / 293
1.2 / 42.3
0.3 /
13.1
0.5 mg
EDTA kg-
104 / 198
23.8 / 296
13.2 /
58.7
5.3 /
20.1
1 t
X l cht thi i
km to sn phm
(BIOTREATMENT- BIOCONVERSION)
V SAO CN DNG DNG NNG LNG SN XUT

BNG CON NG SINH HC (BIO-FUELS)?
n
n
n
n
Gii php thay th nhin liu ha thch ang dn cn kit

Gim pht thi CO2.
Gim nhim mi trng do cc phng tin giao thng
t c hn cc dng nng lng ha thch nh xng du hay
diesel
Ngun cung cp nng lng di do, gi thnh kim sot
c.
M ra mt ngnh cng nghip mi to thm cng n vic lm
cho ngi lao ng.
BIO-FUELS & CC DNG NNG LNG KHC
SINH KHI SN XUT BIO-FUELS:

Ng cc, la
go, tinh bt,
ng
Vt liu cha
cellulose : c,
,cy, ph phm
nng nghip, g
tha, cht thi
rn
Cht thi hu
c: ch bin c,
m ng vt
cy ly du: ci
du, u nnh,
hng dng
Ln men
(d dng)
Etanol
Ln men
(phc tp)
Etanol
Biogas
Ln men
Methylester
diesel
diesel
Biogas
SINH KHI CHO SN XUT BIO-FUELS:

Loi
Th d
Cy trng chuyn
canh
Rng ngn ngy (bch n, dng)

Cy di ngy (c miscanthus)
Cy v ma (ci du, ma, c ci ng)
Ph phm
G tha trong ngnh mc

G tha khi n cy
Rm r sau khi thu hoch ng cc
Cc loi ph phm khc t ngnh cng nghip ch
bin nng sn (ma, tr, c ph, cao su, du c v
du da)
Ph phm v cht
thi
Cht thi ca cc nh my ca
Phn bn
Bn cng
Thnh phn hu c trong rc thi th
Du thc vt v cht bo qua s dng
X L SINH KHI TO NNG LNG SINH HC

X l
nhit
X l
X l c
sinh hc
hc
Nhit phn
Th trng
Bio-oil
Ho cht
Kh ho
Fuel-gas
Nhit
Sn phm ca thc
vt sau
Phytoremediation
Sn
phm
Nhit
in
Ln men
Etanol
Phn hu
Bio-gas
X l
c hc
Du p
Nhin
liu
X L SINH KHI - TO SN PHM
X L
SINH
HC
Phng
php
Sn phm
s cp
Sn phm
th cp
Thu phn
ng
Thc n
ng vt
Ln men
Dung mi
hu c,
acid, ru
in
Phn hu
k kh
Phn hu
hiu kh
Gas MHV
Ho cht
hu c
Sn phm
phn hu
Metan
Phn trn
Cht n
nh t
X L CHT THI-TO SN PHM
Nguyn l
nng lng, sinh khi
NNG LNG CHUYN HA

TRONG QU TRNH SINH TRNG CA VI SINH VT
Hiu kh (cn Oxy)

Nhit
(40%)
DGKj
(100%)
Sinh khi (C,H,O,N,S)

(60%)
NNG LNG CHUYN HA

K kh (khng cn/cn rt tOxy)

To CH4
(95%)
DGKj
(100%)
To Sinh khi
To Nhit
(3-5%)
C CHT CHUYN HA
Hiu kh (cn Oxy)

6CO2+ 6H2O(50%)
Glucose
C6H12O6 +6O2
(100%)
Sinh khi ln
(C,H,O,N,S)
(50%)
C CHT CHUYN HA

3CH4+ 3 CO2
(90-95%)
Glucose
(100%)
Sinh khi rt nh
(5-10%)
C CHT CHUYN HA HIU KH

TRONG QU TRNH X L NC THI, CHT THI
Hiu kh (cn Oxy)

CO2 (50%)
Carbon
trong cht
thi (100%)
BN
(50%)
C CHT CHUYN HA K KH
TRONG QU TRNH X L NC THI, CHT THI
Kh sinh hc
(CH4, H2S, CO2, NH3)
(90-95%)
Carbon
trong cht
thi (100%)
Sinh khi rt nh
(5-10%)
Cng ngh x l nc thi

sinh metan (CH4)
SINH KH METAN (CH4)

n
C ch phn ng k kh:
n
Vi khun sinh metan t acetic axt

(Acetoclastic methanogens)
CO2 + 4H2 CH4 + 2H2O

n
Vi khun sinh metan t hydro (H2-utilizing

methanogens)
CH3COOH CH4 + CO 2
X L CHT THI SINH METAN:

Ngun nc thi, cht thi rn
n
Ch bin ph mai v b sa
Ch bin tri cy v rau qu
Ch bin ng
Ch bin ng cc v la m
Sn xut nc ung
Nh my bia
Chng ct ru
Ch bin c v thu hi sn
L m v ng gi tht
Nc r rc
Giy v bt giy
Dc
Sn xut ho cht
CNG NGH SINH KH METAN (CH4)

Cc phng php x l k kh
Trng thi l lng
B phn hu
khuy trn
hon ton
Lai hp
C s dng gi th
Gi th c
nh
Tip xc k
kh
UASB/
lp c nh
UASB
H k kh
Gi th bn tri
ni/trng n
SINH KH METAN (CH4): hiu sut gim COD

Loi b
Tc x l
(kg COD m-3 day-1)
Khuy trn hon ton

(CSTR)
1-2
Contact
2-5
UASB
2 - 30
Gi th c nh
10 - 30
Gi th tri ni
40 - 80
SINH KH METAN (CH4): X l theo m

Cp kh
gas tr li
Nc sau
x l
Bn hot tnh ly i
15%
SINH KH METAN (CH4): H thng CSTR

Khuy c hc
Trn bng biogas

hon lu
SINH KH METAN (CH4):
B phn hu khuy trn hon ton
B phn hu khuy trn hon ton
SINH KH METAN (CH4): B tip xc k kh
Loi kh
Nc u vo
Nc u ra
Bn
hot
tnh
Cht rn hon lu
SINH KH METAN (CH4): Bn c nh
Nc ra
Nc ra
Nc vo
Nc hon lu
SINH KH METAN (CH4): Lc k kh (AF)
Lp bn tri ni
Nc vo
Nc ra
SINH KH METAN (CH4):
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB)
Nc ra
Nc vo
u im
n
K thut n gin, ng tin cy
n
Tiu th t nng lng
n
Hiu xut x l cao trong thi
gian ngn
Nhc im
n
Qu trnh to bn ht tn thi
gian v kh kim sot
n
Kh x l khi hm lng cht rn
cao
Cng ngh x cht thi rn

sinh metan (CH4)
X L CHT THI RN SINH METAN:

X l m lin tc
S
c s
Np CTR
Kt thc
Phn ng - to kh metan
M - 1
M - 2
M - 3
Qu trnh thu kh
lin tc
X L CHT THI RN SINH METAN:

X l y ng (Pluglow) lin tc
Gas
CTR vo
CTR sau
x l
X L CHT THI-TO KH METAN
Yu t nh hng
CNG NGH X L CHT THI SINH

METAN: Yu t nh hng
n
Ngun gc v tnh cht ca nc thi
Hm lng cht nhim hu c
Nhit nc thi
Hm lng cht rn l lng
S hin din ca cc cht c
Ti lng d kin
c ch do biogas v bn lng to
thnh
Tc to sinh khi t cht hu c
CNG NGH X L CHT THI SINH METAN:

Nhu cu mt s vi lng kim loi cho Vi khun k kh

Vi khun k kh c ch bi Kim loi
Kim loi
c ch trung bnh
c ch mnh
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
Na
3500-5500
8000
2500-4500
12000
Ca
2500-4500
8000
Mg
1000-1500
3000
NH4
1000-3000
3000
S2-
200
200
Cu
0.5 (ha tan

50-70 (tng)
Cr(6)
3.0 (ha tan)

200-600 (tng)
Cr(3)
180-420 (tng)
Ni
2.0 (ha tan)

30 (tng)
1.0 (ha tan)
Zn

Cht hu c c ch Vi khun sinh metan
X L CHT THI-TO KH METAN
nh gi

So snh vi cng ngh x l hiu kh
n
n
Th tch x l hiu kh ln gp 5-10 ln

Lng sinh khi bn ch chim 5-20 % sinh khi
thu c ca x l hiu kh
Dinh dng cung cp ch chim 5-20 % dinh
dng cho x l hiu kh
Sinh khi bn c th gi hot tnh ti 1 nm
Khng cn nng lng cp kh
Hiu sut sinh mtan c th ln n 12 triu

BTU/1tn COD phn hu
CNG NGH X L CHT THI

SINH METAN: u im
n
Chu ti lng ln
Qu trnh n nh
Gim chi ph
Gim din tch thit k
Gim lng dinh dng N,P,K cung cp
Tit kim nng lng vn hnh
Gim thiu nhn cng vn hnh
Gim kh thi u ra
Chng hin tng tro bt ca nc thi
Phn hy c cc cht hu c m khng th

phn hu hiu kh
Gim c ca cc hp cht c Clo
Tin lng trc c qu trnh x l
CNG NGH X L CHT THI

SINH METAN: Nhc im
n
n
n
n
Giai on thch nghi kh lu

Khng hiu qu vi nc thi long c kim cao
hc cha nhiu ng
Hiu qu khng thi trong mt s trng hp
i vi ncthi long kh khn nng nhit ln
35 oC (ti u)
Trong kh metan c cha H2S v mi hi khc
Khng thc hin c qu trnh nitrogen ho
n
n
Mt s hp cht c Clo (alipatic) d gy c cho Vi

khun sinh metan
nhit thp tc phn ng rt chm
Nng NH4 cao (40-70 mg/l) i hi hot tnh ti
a
V d: X L BN SINH METAN Netherland
V d: X L NC THI SINH METAN N
V d: NH GI HIU QU CC CNG NGH SINH

METAN vi nc thi ct ru ti n )
To metan t Nc thi v bn thi

cng nghip mia ng
Nc thi
Bn nn
CNG NGH
SINH KH HYDRO(H2)
CNG NGH SINH KH H2:

C ch quang tng hp
H+
H+
e-
Ferredoxin
Hydrogenase
+ ATP +
e-
H2
Ferredoxin
Nitrogenase
H2
CNG NGH SINH KH H2: C ch ln men
H+ + e-
NADH
Ferredoxin
Hydrogenase
Ferredoxin
H2
NAD+ +H2
Cc phng php sn xut H2 sinh hc

Qu trnh
Phn ng
Vi sinh vt
CNG NGH SINH KH H2: ln men
Sn xut H2, CH4, acetate t cht thi cha Lactose bng

nui cy hn hp Clostridium + Methanothermobacter
H2
Sn phm
Metan
V d: Sn xut H2, CH4, acetate t cht thi

rn sinh hot
A.
B.
Cc qu trnh qua 2 giai on.

Giai on 1: vi khun Thermotoga elfii phn hy cht thi to H2 v axit
axetic
Giai on 2: ln men axit axetic to ra kh metan
CNG NGH SINH ETANOL
CNG NGH SINH ETANOL
CNG NGH SINH ETANOL
n
n
BIO-ETANOL
Hydrate ha Ethylene (C2H4)

Ln men ng Glucose (C6H12O6)
Ln men CTR sinh hot
Hng Ford tp trung ch to xe s dng etanol. Chu u t

mc tiu thay th 5.75 % lng xng du hin ti bng nng
lng sinh hc vo nm 2010.
CNG NGH SINH ETANOL: ngun sinh khi
Ph phm nng nghip
CTR sinh hot
G cy ngn ngy
Cy cha nhiu ng
CNG NGH SINH ETANOL: phn ng ln men
CNG NGH SINH ETANOL: Hiu qu chuyn ha
CHUYN HA
THP NHT
CAO NHT
TRUNG BNH
CNG NGH SINH ETANOL T G

G:
Cellulose
Hemocellulose
Cc polysaccharides
Thy phn
Glucose
(ng 6 C)
Xylose
(ng 5 C)
Nm men
Vi khun
Etanol
V d: Etanol t cht thi cng nghip

ma ng Hawaii
Sn phm ph
ETANOL+
CNG NGH SINH ETANOL:

cc dng cng ngh
1.
Ln men ng c sn
2.
Thy phn bng axt c - trung ha-ln men
3.
Phn hy HC c Nit - Thy phn-ln men
4.
Phn hy bng hi - thy phn-ln men
5.
Phn hy bng axt - ln men bng vi sinh vt chuyn

gen (MGO)
3. Thy phn bng axt c - trung ha-ln men
2. Phn hy HC c Nit-Thy phn-ln men

n
5. Phn hy bng axt-ln men bng vi sinh vt

chuyn gen (GMO)

Giaotrinh CNSH MT

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Giaotrinh CNSH MT

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CNG NGH SINH HC MI

TS. L Phi Nga

CNG NGH SINH HC MI TRNG

I TNG GING, MC TIU, YU CU

Bi ging c s dng cho gio vin ln lp

CNG NGH SINH HC MI TRNG

V TR CA CNSH-MT TRONG SINH THI

Cac loai vi sinh,

CNG NGH SINH HC MI TRNG

CNG NGH SINH HC MI TRNG

CNSH Mi trng tham gia vo cc qu trnh x l

CNG NGH SINH HC MI TRNG

Cng ngh c th ng dng rng ri

CNG NGH SINH HC MI TRNG

CNG C SINH HC C S DNG

Vi sinh vt: trong nc, t

CNG NGH SINH HC MI TRNG

CNG NGH SINH HC MI TRNG

CNG NGH SINH HC MI TRNG

CNG NGH SINH HC MI TRNG

CHNG TRNH GING (30 TIT)

14 tit: X l nhim bng phng php vi sinh (Bioremediation)

CNG NGH SINH HC MI TRNG

CHNG TRNH GING (30TIT)- (tip theo)

5 tit: X l cht thi i km to sn

CNG NGH SINH HC MI TRNG

CNG NGH SINH HC MI TRNG

X L NHIM BNG PHNG PHP VI

CNG NGH SINH HC MI TRNG

X L NHIM BNG PHNG PHP VI

Sinh trng ca vi sinh vt yu cu dinh dng (C,N, P, S) vi lng v

CNG NGH SINH HC MI TRNG

X L NHIM BNG PHNG PHP VI

Cht nhim l cht cho in t

CNG NGH SINH HC MI TRNG

X L NHIM BNG PHNG PHP VI

Cht nhim l ngun carbon

CNG NGH SINH HC MI TRNG

X L NHIM BNG PHNG PHP VI

Cht nhim l cht nhn in t

CNG NGH SINH HC MI TRNG

X L NHIM BNG PHNG PHP VI

Cht nhim khng tham gia vo qu trnh

CNG NGH SINH HC MI TRNG

X L NHIM BNG PHNG PHP VI

CNG NGH SINH HC MI TRNG

CHT NHIM L NGUN CACBON

CNG NGH SINH HC MI TRNG

CHT NHIM L CHT NHN IN T

NO3- + 2e- + 2H+

VD: Paracoccus species, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,

Acetat+ 3H+ SO42-

2H2O+ H2S + 2CO2

VD: Desulfovibrionaceae , Desulfobacteriaceae, Desulfobulbusaceae

CNG NGH SINH HC MI TRNG

CHT NHIM B BIN I TRC TIP

CNG NGH SINH HC MI TRNG

Nng lng gii phng (kJ/mol electron vn chuyn)

CNG NGH SINH HC MI TRNG

VAI TR CA XY V CHT THAY TH XY

Vai tr ca xy trong phn hy Hiu kh :

CNG NGH SINH HC MI TRNG

XY HO TRC TIP CHT NHIM