Course and Section 16"'-:.

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N arne s T (.:) ~.I\

Date "Lef\ () (:) ~ "L. S

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ARCHIMEDES' PRINCIPLE EXPERIMENT

Short Description:

Archimedes' principle states that an object submerged in a fluid is buoyed by a force that is equal to the _ weight of the displaced fluid. In this lab, you are to do two experiments involving ArchimedeS'!,incIPle -.... involving 1) a metal block submerged in water and 2) a helium-filled balloon.

PART 1, Density of Aluminum (or copperl Ifl

Preliminary questions

1. A beaker partly filled with water sits on a balance. Now a piece of aluminum is lowered i· 0 the water and held by a string so that it does not touch the bottom of the eaker, No water overflows. Do tll weight registered by the scale go up, go down, or stay th arne?

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2. If the metal in question I is suspended by a string from a spring scale or force sensor as in figure (b), its apparent weight Wnpl' = T2 will be (W-FB), where W is the true weight of the metal, and Fa is the buoyant force acting on it when it is completely submerged. From Archimedes' Principle, show that the rati 0 of the metal's dens! ty to that of water is gi Yen by

e; W

- -

Show your proof in the space below:

. If:z- lP v-'l =to IP~{;:; =p-P=--G-'7.-91 \.p()

(a)

(G:ftV1y11 (f-e._ iWYlI{..V;,'{r ) .~- ...

Procedure I: Test your prediction (questioa above). Suspend a piece of aluminum from a string into a beaker of water sitting on a balance. Does the weight of the beaker change when the metal is submerged?

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,'":":::._ ..... _-==---=--. -

(h)

F IS

I;V '7_ l\ cl j-,

Y Beaker ) . -r :)

(with the metal inside)

By how much? Express the difference in newtons.

W - WOPI': + 1 S. 'S-l-\ )

Question: Would your result be different if you lowered a piece of copper, of the same volume, instead of aluminum into the water? Explain.

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Procedure Il..Tare the force sensor by pressing the 'tare' button on the side of it. Set up DataStudio with the force sensor and display the graph/orce vs. time. I-Iit "Start" and check that value of the force is zero, if not try again to push the tare button. Next, hang the metal (either aluminum or copper) from the force sensor and record the weight of the metal for a few seconds. Then place the metal into the cup of water until it's submerged (leave the cup on the table, not on the scale, and adjust the height of the force sensor). Stop the measurement, and find the average reading in air and in the water:

Weight Air O. '":r .~ [\1 Weight Water 6. 46 t\I

What is the physical meaning of the difference of these two readings?

Numerical value of the difference: 0,71- l\l

How does this number compare to the results from Procedure I?

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Now find the density of the metal from knowledge of its weight and of the buoyant force, using the

equatio::.l) in preliminary q~stion 2. ~ ~ I'V--S. -: 1-(7:- 0.--1 3.. rJ ~ G. Q

j) I Yw -:= !="k3 -::- Q,'/ :... /0 (~f _) j),,~ ~ I ~ .lo S/[VV'

How does your measured density compare with the accepted value (look on your book)?

Vt-~ tt;r:Lf

PART II: Lifting capacity of a'helium-filled balloon

The lifting capacity of a helium-filled balloon is given by the difference of the buoyant force it receives from air and its weight. When the balloon is floating in the air, at almost constant height from the ground, the lifting capacity is then:

fiLl

JJJ ::::.. WH,_,,= e», + gm·s + s», F 1 J - L-)

, r"L.-,.-..'fr b .

1= r.] h.:J. -

Where Pn = PAir Vb g ; W H,,= PHYbg and nu, = balloon mass; Ins = string mass; m., = hanging

objects mass. Set up your balloon such that the equation above is satisfied, i.e. add an amount of mass Ina to the rope from the balloon such that it floats in the air. For 1110 you can use paperclips or whatever objects you prefer. After equilibrium is reached, measure 111u with the scale (you can remove it from the balloon). Record 111b as well.

(2)

Estimate the volume of the balloon using a ruler and assuming the balloon is a sphere.

D.::::: 1010•

m; l. ~~ ; nu, 3 u... (ask your T A for it); 111 s = ignore it, too small.

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Calculate the net weight in newtons, the RHS of equation (2): G. I G I 0 Lj:> N C e'f= h"t' 5 ~)

The density of helium is 0.179 kg/nr' and the density of air is 1.29 kg/nr'. Now calculate the

lifting capacity (in newtons), the LHS of equation (2): 0, (1 Q'1fJ N (J, I D 't,) <6 - O. 0 I ~O Gb

VVj(e -:::: VI"./f"" -s, .p If t . 3 :::: 0,0 1-;' IV -::;> r-:;g, - I ffc ;:; {j,09 '3 b I\f

How the calculated lifting capacity does compares with t1 . net weight of load?

Ok.

Questions: How many helium filled balloons like ' e one you used in this lab would be required

to lift you into the air?

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Course and Section (0 s, - z.

Names --rOM E3 [ F~. T A LA 1\\ \\/IA F< V IN COA TS

Date L G I U () ~ L S

ARCHIMEDES' PRINCIPLE EXPERIMENT

Short Description:

Archimedes' principle states that an object submerged in a fluid is buoyed by a force that is equal to the weight of the displaced fluid. In this lab, you are to do two experiments involving Archimedes' principle involving I) a metal block submerged in water and 2) a helium-filled balloon.

PART 1: Densitv of Aluminum (or copper)

Preliminary questions

I. A beaker partly filled with water sits on a scale. Now a piece of aluminum is lowered into the water and held by a string so that it does not touch the bottom of the beaker. No water overflows. Does the weight registered by the scale go up, go down, or stay the same?

\.N ~, CJVd. \.., ('y0~es::.

2. I f the metal in question I is suspended by a string from a spring scale or force sensor as in figure (b), its apparent weight WapI' = T2 will be (W-FI1), where W is the true weight of the metal, and Fa is the buoyant force B acting on it when it is completely submerged. From Archimedes' Principle, show that the ratio of the metal's density to that of water is given by

Pili W

-=-

w·- 'W1!j (I)

1 (_ l f

L ~ v- -t st ~V\ -l- P =- CO'VL S1· ...

t; z, ~ \.J"t, -1 JJ C ~ .6 k -\- (I) :::. 0

Procedure I: Test your prediction (question I above). Suspend a piece of aluminum from a string into a beaker of water sitting on a balance. Does the apparent weight of the beaker change when the metal

is submerged? n ) '( =i S q

~ LtG!. +,s -:;:::::: ..) '7 .._)

By how much? Express the difference in newtons.

-= 0<. O'l-S:3

,Ilg

.6

O. Lli S

~I

"1 r

;\If;

. , I

_.-- .--_. ----"- ..• _-

---~--~_.-' .

[=-]J /

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Question: Would your result be different if you lowered a piece of copper, of the same volume, instead

of aluminum into the water? Explain. V.

)Ct,vt"e.. tkt'9 IS r- ~ =- Ye 3 SVIta V\o, •

it (lPo~;)

Procedure II: Tare the force sensor by pressing the 'tare' button on the side of it. Set up DataStudio with the force sensor and display the graphforce vs. time. Hit "Start" and check that value ofthejarce is zero, if not try again to push the tare button. Next, hang the metal (either aluminum or copper) from the force sensor and record the weight of the metal for a few seconds. Then place the metal into the cup of water

-

p~

j

until it's submerged (leave the cup on the table and adjust the height of the force sensor). Stop the measurement, and find the average reading in air and in the water:

Weight Air 0.1 ~ N Weight Wilier O. '--I b \\)

What is the physical meaning of the difference of these two readings?

Numerical value of the difference: O. L 1- [\/ :::::::.. F,{3

How does this number compare to the results from Procedure I?

Now find the density of the metal from knowledge of its weight and of the buoyant force, using the

equation (I) in preliminary question 2. - ~_,j:."" -= 0 I i 3 ,\1

f'1N' uJ ' W - 7..J (7

fLC> t: -1b =- D. ~3 /0 ? ':1-. -~ Y'YVl -= 0.'13 LO,5 z: do +0 '0Ic~3

How does your measured density compare with the accepted value? 1- -~-=;-

. CM13.

V~'1'~

PART II: Lifting capacity of a helium-filled balloon

The lifting capacity ofa helium-filled balloon is given by the differe ce of the buoyant force it : receives from air and its weight. When the balloon is floating in t1fu air, at almost constant height

from the ground, the lifting capacity is then: yV) b = :) c\ VV1 -:::: 0 Y\'L.. 7

~~ .0 v 0 0

FI] - WHe = gmb + _gt; + s», 'r: _ kJ _ Wb -z: Wa (2)

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1-.C:·6 ~'. '"

Where F/= PAirVbg; WHr = PH.Vbg and ms = balloon mass; m, = string mass; lJ10= hanging

objects mass. Set up your balloon such that the equation above is satisfied, i.e. add an amount of mass m; to the rope from the balloon such that it floats in the air. For 1Il0 you can use paperclips or whatever objects you prefer. After equilibrium is reached, measure ms with the scale (you can remove it from the balloon). Record ms as well.

1110 1.~ 6.. mb S C\ (ask your TA for it); m 5 = ignore it, too small, ~. E.. 0.0"6 1"\

._) _.)

Calculate the net weight in newtons, the RHS of equation (2):1:>. f 0 I OU 3, N

Estimate the volume of the balloon using a ruler and assuming the balloon is a sphere.

Vb~ 'IS/,O(,-:- 1././-" rrr . (/o;~ Jli~ I ?,Sq'-I ? ) :5 'C .r;,.~., c-~

~ I ~I (L \

The density of helium is 0.179 kg/nr' and the density of air is 1.29 kg/rrr'. Now lculate the

lifting capacity (in newtons), the LHS of equation (2): _gO:::.- ~:::::t:::-::::--e-c7rtif-lJ~:f-=' =--=1~S'16 . O.Ii-C\j

. AI -- (-, :b

. \/\ ~Ir :: \)ht.IiG"", . J'r!(' . 3 -=:. G - G I.S r-.l -=..') f=rb- ~~'Pt ::: N I (J1rOj' 'j ~

How the calcul~ted lifting capacity does compares with the net werg7ht of oad? G. 0 CI 3:;- I\!

61(

D ;::::; \ 0 !\II.

Questions: How many helium filled balloons like the one you used in this lab would be required to lift you into the air?

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