Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sebastien Gandon
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?3p3R?-3/ = 3
+ <&< ?;+6M = 1H5D?+61I-1n5&^+m5[;[/ = 3R?GTil3T-0/21~;,5]f,` = +*/V\A1Hc+65.kl\w:&;j3T-x/ = 31n5Mt;jS < F>3/V3s-Zk[S
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/ = 3 M6;&S < F>3/V3mFqks+65&+6Fnk[{L36:F4+65.^.il+R^3L#"`1HF>Fc21n?J-0/
- = ;.`/ = +*/X\jcI?;&S+#/V36M = 5&14M6+6F < ;&1H5T/;,cp1>3`\,/ = 3R?3
1I-#5[;:&1Hc0cV3R?365M638),3*/I`3t3m5/ = 38`b+tkDhi-J-J3mFHF:&3mcV1n53L- = 1I-G:&365&;./21H5.^ <= ?+T-J3L-1n5L85z365&;./21q5.^+65&:
/ = 3D`+RkW?3R^3:&3mcV1n53.- = 1X-D-36M6;&5&:&UZ;&?:&3R?bMR;&5&M63 < /-CAEi./ `
1HF>F-3TMt;,5[:,Fqk-0i <&< ;&?I/#/ = +// = 3o/I` ;
5&;./21H;&5j- = +Rp3/I`b;`1~:&3mFHk:&1>c2cZ3R?3m5L/M6;,5[M63 < /Iil+6FxS3L+R5&1H5&^-9f]/ = 3-+6S3DFH;&^j14M6+6F < ?;jM63t:Ti?3T-#` = 14M =
+R?3i-3t:)&kW?3R^3/V;a1H5MR?36+T-3/ = 3:&36:TilM*/V1qp3 < ;[`b3R? ;&c = 1I--Zkl-0/V36S+mF4FH;.`hiw--36F>F/V;FH;,^1HM6+6F4Fnk
?36FH+*/V3Til+95T/V1ncV1>Mt+*/Z1~;,5[+mFl5&;./V+g/21H;&58/V;;&?:.1H5&+R?ZkzF4+m5}^.il+R^l3.CmWY;jM*i-1H5}^;&5
hi--36F>F20-A/2?36+*/2S365T/;&cwr0< i{6{LFH3.-\A`1HF>FA/ = 1q?:,FHk+R?Z^.il3
/ = +*/x/ = 1I-8- = 14c>/GM6;&5j-0/V1y/Ii&/V3T-
/ = 3o-;[i?Mt3;&c+:&3L3 < /2?+R5j-c2;&?S+*/V1H;,51>5
/ = 3`b+RkFH;&^j1~M+m5[:F4+65.^.il+R^3+9?3#?36FH+*/V36:C
= +*/V\j1H5685 365&;./21H5.^& +65&:1H5b/ = 3v1H5L/2?;j:TilM/21H;,5 /V; / = 3
H6 H"I\+R?3#1H5M6;&S < F43*/V38-ZkS
);jFI-J#e#/
cZ1q?-2/#-1q^ = /V\/ = 1>-Til3[-2/21H;&5a-3T36SD-?+*/ = 3R?Mi?1~;[i-gCjZ5[:j363t:&\]/ = 3-2/V+*/Ii-G;,c"/ = 31H5M6;S < F43*/V3-ZkS
);F"10M6FH36+R?G365&;.i^ = 1n5
f+651n5Mt;jS < F>3/V33 < ?3.--1~;j51I-+-Zk&5T/V+tM*/Z1~M;.)9J36M*/V\w+bSz3R?3s-1H^5`1y/ = ;[i&/r+R5&k
Sz36+65&1H5&^D1n5D1/-3mFHcJC.E3L-1>:&3.-\,/ = 381I--2il38+6:&:.?3T--36:)&kDhi-J-36F>F1I-5&;.// = 1>-;&5&3.CL3#`+65L/-/V;D3 < FH+61n5
= ;.`/2;^&1qp,3i <= 1I-;jFH:/ = 36;&?Zk;,cs:&365&;./V+g/21H;&5&\/ = +*/1>-*f = ;[`/X;$p1H3*`` = +*/z`+L- < ?3*p1H;.i-Fnk
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-M = ;jFH+R?-+.-"Zi-0/G+65+65+mFqkL/V1>ML+6F"?3T-14:Til3.C| = 3o-2/V+65&:&+R?:1H5T/V39? < ?3*/V+/21H;&5 = ;jF~:j-#/ = +*/V\A1H5
s\":&3mc21H5j1/3
:&3T-MR?1 < /Z1~;,5-+R?3$ .~&&1H5[M6;jS < F43*/V3-ZkS
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);jFI-5[+mSz35&;./ = 1H5.^\/ = 3Rk:&;5[;T/)36FH;&5.^/V;a/ = 3-0i&)-0/V+95T/V1H+6F#ZFH;&^1HML+mFH
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5&;./FH+65.^.il+R^36UV:&3 < 365&:&365T/V\j/ = 3
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hi--3mF4F>14+65:j3L-MR?1 < /21H;&5-M6;[ilFH:),3p143R`3t:&\cI?;,S +$FH;&^1HM6+6F < ;j1H5L/;&cp143*`b\+T--36Mt;,5[:&UZ;,?:&3R?
M6;&5&M63 < /-CA`
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1I- +)1y/ < 3R?0pl39?-36\A).i&/G1H:&365L/Z1y/2k1X-v+-ZkSSz3*/2?1HM6+6F-1>^&5&\"+65[:a5&;T/ = 1H5}^3R,M63 < / = +R)1y/GMt;jS < 36FI-#iA-/V;
cV+tp,;[i?/ = 3;&5&3:.1q?36M*/V1H;,5 ?+*/ = 39?Y/ = +658/ = 3;T/ = 3R?gC
Zc"k[;[i?3t+6:D N cI?;&S?1q^ = /"/2;DFH36c>/V\]k[;.iD`1HFnF?3tM6;,^&5&14{L3
N r+T-+R5D1H5-2/V+R5&ML3
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k[;.i/2?0kz/V;M = +R?+6M*/V39?Z1q{}31H5 N
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c2;&?8hi--3mF4F4\
;&?:.1H5&+R?ZkDF4+65&^.il+R^3T-G+9?3
1n5;&?:&3R?r+T-/ = 3tks+R?3.C&36S <= +.-1H{L3v/ = +*/"/ = 3L-3v/I`b;M9;&?Z?3RFH+/V36:D:,1Hc2cZ39?365&ML3TM6;.iFH:)3^&?+T- < 3t:o/ = +65.-;,5&Fqk/V;o/ = 3zMmF~;]-3R5&3.--;jc/ = 3FH;&^j1HMt+mF < ?;jM63t:Ti?3bi-36:o);./ = )&kDhiw--36FIF
+R5[: W]?3R^l3.C
J = +tp,3a-+614:a/ = +/
1y/`b+T- 5&;./ 3R5&;.i^ = /X;-+*k/ = +*/hi--36FHF20-1H5M6;jS < F43*/V3a-Zk[Sb),;jFI-
`39?35&;./
F>1H5&^.il1I-0/V1HM.C& = ; < 3v/ = +*/A/ = 1X-^365&3R?+6FwM6F4+m1HS 1X--2/V+R?I/21n5}^o/X;)3
S;&?3 < FH+*i-1q)lF>3}C[b3T-JMR?1 < /V1H;&5-ZkS
);F0+R?35[;[/;,5&Fqk` = +*/G?3RS+61H5-` = 365`b3 = +Rp3D+65+6Fnk[{.3t:a;&?:.1H5&+9?kF>+65}^.i+R^3u FH1nl3/ = 3D:&3t+6:-Z1>5
-FH;.i^ = 36:;&c2cA)&kD+
-5&+93.C.Z5[M6;jS < F43*/V3b-Zk[S
);jFI- = +Rp3
+FH;&^j1HMt+mF]M6;,5L/V3R5T/w` = 14M = 1I-:&1>- < F4+tk,3L:b)&k/ = 3
M6;&5T/V3*}/Iil+RFx:&36c01H51y/V1H;j5Ce#/
/ = 3o-+6Sz3b/V1HSz36\":&36cZ1H5j1y/V3D:&3L-MR?1 < /V1H;&5-+R?35&;./-36Mt;,5[:&UZ;,?:&3*?M6;,5[M63 < /-v
/ = 3Rk+R?3#0iA-2/-Zk&S
),;jFI-CI/1>-/ = i-/ = 35[;[/21~;,5;,cF4+65&^.il+R^36\"+R5[:o/ = 3?36FH+*/V1H;&5o),3*/I`3t3m5-ZkS
);jFH1I-S
+R5[:F~;,^14M6\Y` = 14M = M6;,Sz3
/2;/ = 3c2;&?31H5rC| = 3S3L+R5&1H5&^;&cr),;[/ = FH;&^j1~M+65&:FH+65.^.i]+R^3zM = +65.^3T-\
+R5[: / = +*/JI-A` = kA/ = 1H5.
/ = +*/+R5; <&< ;-1y/21H;&5b),3*/I`b363658/ = 3Til3[-2/21H;&5;jcAF4+65.^.il+9^3+m5[:8/ = 3Til3T-2/Z1H;&5;jc
FH;&^j14MM6;[ilFH:),3+651>S < 36:&1>Sz365T/ /V;i5&:&3R?J-0/V+R5[:,1H5.^
C"Ei&/8` = +*/b1X-
/ = 3Sz36+65&1n5&^;,c-2ilM = +65
3*}/V3R5-1H;j5;&c/ = 3FH;&^j1HMt+mF:&;S+61n5
C 1.
}x* Z yIZgZ gyI
, d0 "qA 0VTZ jZ>J 0H Tgyn9&Ldxd [B[7eOB &B g* d0gemq0VWh
Z0 Yd Z4 gXHGy2ZZ Z _g g0y w000g0%.*I d&qF_ AA0d9qqI Y2 2w n ZAgjy
q Zg2yZ yJ.n2 0 0wJ m* 2 d gnd4X J09 0ZvmqZ4 LIyZwq4>
+Rk})l3
= +tp,3D;[pl39?36S <j= +L-1X-J3t:&\+*),;[pl3t\+/21H5.k:,1HcZc3R?3R5[M63o)3/I`36395W]?3R^3+m5[:hiw--36F>F"`1y/ = ;.i&/
= +Rp1H5&^),36365+R)F43/2;
?36M6;&^&5.1H{L3/ = 3 = i^3 < F4+*/2c2;,?S;&c/ = 361q?
- = +9?36:+T--0ilS < /21H;&5-C
Ei&/zFH3*/JI-/2?Zk&\ c2;,?+S;S365T/V\/2;c2;jFHFH;.` / = 3 < +/ = `b3 = +Rp,3-2/V+R?X/V3t:/2;/V+R3.C p3651Hchiw--36F4F
5&;.` = 3R?3-+Rk-#/ = +*/V\A1H5rs\Y/ = 3?36F4+*/21H;&5),3*/I`b363R5D/ = 3DM6;&S < F>3/V3mFHk+65[+mFHk-J36:F4+65.^.il+R^3D+65[:oi-0i]+TF
5&;./V+/21H;,5-)l3tM6;jS3T-G+FH;&^j14ML+6F";&5&36\r`b;.iFH:F>1H38/V;a- = ;.`/ = +*/"/ = 3
5&3` ?;jFH3+.--1H^5&36: .mn/2;
FH;&^j14M81I-x5&;./A` 1y/ = ;[i&/+R5.kz36c2cZ3LM*/-;&5
hi-J-36FHF20-"/ = ;.i^ = /JC.A` 1HF>F&/2?k /2; < ;&1H5T/;.i.// = +*/l/ = 1X-:&1Hc0cV3R?365M63
+6c0cV36M*/-w/ = 3`b+tk hi--J36FHF:&3t+mFI-A`b1y/ = / = 3 < i{6{LFH3.-C
361H5&;5.^1>+65Til3T-0/V1H;&5j$
- / = 3tk < il{6{LF43 = 1HS +[-S8ilM = +T-/ = 3Rk < i{6{LF43T
:
361H5&;j5}^C| = 3c2+6M*/
/ = +*// = 3
+ <&< FH1>Mt+*/Z1~;,5;,cxi-0il+6F
-36Sz+65T/V1HML+mFw?0ilF>3L-M6;&5T/2?+6:.1HM*/-GFI;&^&1HM6+6F"F4+R`-Sz36+65-\Ac2;&?r/ = 3 5.^F>1I- = - < 36+R3R?
= 1>SD-3mF4cxZ+65&:
/ = 365Dc2;,?"hi--J36FHFH\,/ = +/A/ = 3#`b;,?Z&1H5}^D;jc = 1I-F4+65.^.il+R^3 = +L-
5&;./A),36365zMT+ < /Ii?36:bu +R5&:
5&;./2\D+L-aW?3R^3)l36FH143tpl3t:&\/ = +*// = 1>-`;&?Z1n5}^ 1X-1nF4FI;&^&1HM6+6F2C| = 3 < i{6{LF43.-\D1H5
D\D+9?35&;T// = 3
-Zk&S < /V;&SD-;&c+b`b+R5L/G;,cr;,?:&39:? j/ = 3tk+9?3b/ = 3o-Zk&S < /V;&S-;jc/ = 3z:,1Hc2cZ14M*ilFy/Z143T-1n5^&?+.- < 1H5&^+R5;,?:&3R?
/ = +/1>-1H51y/-36F>cFH;&^1>Mt+mF4Fnk < 3R?c236M*/JC#Ei&// = 1>-1I-5;T// = 3;&5&F~k[\;&?3*p365[\ / = 3S;]-2/1HS < ;&?0/V+R5L/2\
:&1nc2cV3R?365&ML3.C = 1>F43aW?3R^3-2/V+g/V3L-/ = +*/b1y/D1>-5[;[/z3p365 < ;--1q)F43a/V;$c2;&?ZS8ilF>+/V3a/ = 3M6;&5&M63 < /VU = ;.?-3
< i{6{LFH31H5 = 1I-14:&36;,^&?+ <&= k[\hi--J36FHF- = ;.`- = ;.` +FH;,^1HM6+6FA/ = 36;,?ZkM6+653R < F>+61H5D < i{6{LF43.-C = +*/
:&;3T-xT-;jFqp1n5&^/ = 3 < i{t{TF43T- S3t+m5z1H5D
';jFqp1H5.^/ = 3 < i{t{TF43T-1I-5&;./2\jc2;&?hi-J-36F>F4\,/V; = +*p3#/ = 3LS
/2?+R5-FH+*/V36:1H5T/V;o-I/V+R5[:&+R?:
FH;&^j14M6+6F5&;./V+g/21~;,5lC = 365
k[;[isS+R38-2ilM = +/2?+R5j-F4+*/V1H;&5Z+65&:8W?3R^3v1I-"?1q^ = /
;&5/ = 1>- < ;&1H5T/2\k[;.iFH;-3-1H^ = /;&c` = +*/b1>- < i{t{TF41H5j^1H5/ = 3 < il{6{LF43T-CWY;,?
hi--3mF4FH\8-;F~p1H5&^/ = 3
< i{6{LFH3.-Sz36+65-?36M6;&^&5&1H{L1n5&^/ = 3-M6; < 3$/ = +*// = 31H5M6;jS < F43*/V3-ZkS
);F = +T-1H5/ = 3-365T/V395M63T)36FH;5.^1n5&^/V;D;.?:.1n5[+R?ZkF4+m5}^.il+R^3.C&0/x1I-/ = i-/ = 3
:&36F>1>Sz1y/V+*/V1H;&5D;&cA/ = 3 < F4+6ML3
;,cA/ = 3
5&3R^+*/V1H;&5&\1n5-14:&3
;&?#;.i./-V1H:&3/ = 3z:&36cZ1H5j1y/V3z:j3L-MR?1 < /21H;&50-8-JMt; < 36\Y` = 14M = -;jFqp,3T-#/ = 3 < i{L{TF43z-363Dj .+65&: P ZC| = ihi--3mF4F-2/V+R?0/-`
1/ = / = 3ap,3R?Zk-ZkS
);jF#/ = 3 5}^jFH1I- = - < 36+R39?iw-3T-I/ = 3:&36cZ1H5&1y/V3:&3L-JMR?1 < /Z1~;,5}/V;
?36Mt;[p,3R?\Y/ = ?;[i^ = 1y/V\Y/ = 3oFH;&^1HM6+6F
;&?:&3R?gC]hi--36FnF:&;3T-5&;./GFH3L+Rp3D;&?:.1H5&+R?ZkF4+m5}^.il+R^3/V;39Fn14S1H5+*/V3
/ = 3 < ?;[)F~3mSu +T-
W]?3R^3
:&;3T-C| = 1I- < ;j1H5T/- = ;.`-x/ = +*/;,?:.1n5[+R?ZkD5[;[/V+/21H;&5D1X-5[;[/V\c2;&?hi--3mFHF4\j/ = 3
-;.i?M63;&cY/ = 3 < i{t{TF43.C[v?:&1H5&+R?ZkzF4+65.^.il+R^l36\+T-"/ = 3b-MT; < 35&;T/V+/21H;,5z;&cY/ = 3rH6 H1n5[:,14M6+/V3T-\1>-1n5
;&?:&3*?r+T-1y/1X-
u 1y/M6+653R < ?3T--x/ = 3:&1X-2/Z1H5[M*/Z1~;,5)l3*/4`3t3R5 < ?1nSz+R?Zk+65&:-3tM6;,5[:&+R?Zk;M6M*i?Z?3R5M63T-G;jc
/ = 3:&3L-MR?1 < /V1H;&5C
Ei&/x1Hcx;,?:.1H5+R?ZksF>+65}^.il+R^3
1X-1H5s;,?:&39?\ = ;.` +R?3v`b3/X;3 < FH+61n5/ = 3
36Sz3R?Z^365[M63
;jcA/ = 3 < i{6{LFH3.-J8e
hi--3mF4F-+tkl-\1n5iA-2il+6FAM61q?M*iSD-2/V+m5[M63.-\j/ = 3
1H5T/V39? < ?3/2+*/21H;&5Dj .\j` = 3R?3v/ = 3
:&36c01H51y/V3
:&3T-JMR?1 < /V1H;&5 = +.+ < ?1HS+9?k;jM6Mi?Z?3R5[M636\j1I-"/ = 3#?1q^ = /;&5&3.CH ';\,1HcAk[;[i/V+R31H5T/V;z+6M6M6;.i5T/` = +*/1>-Aiw-0il+6F>FHk < ?3T-3m5L/"1H5
/ = 3Mt;,5L/V3*./w;&c/ = 3i&/I/V3R?+R5&M63;&c"/ = 3
1H5&^z;jcYW]?+R5M63814-
5&;T/),+mF4:.L\&k&;.i`1>FHFA-+Rk
/ = +*// = 1I-
-3m5L/V3R5M63
1I-5&;T/G/ = 3D5&3R^+*/V1H;&5;jc*/ = 3
1H5&^;c#W?+R5M631X-
),+6FI:.&CYEi&/V\1Hck[;[i/V+R31H5T/V;+6MtM6;[i5L/;,5&Fqk/ = 3
` ?1/>/V3R5c2;&?S ;cb/ = 3-J365T/V3R5[M63X` = +*/k[;.iMt+m5M6+6F>FH\
c2;jFHFH;.`1H5&^ 1/I/2^3R5-0/V361q5[\/ = 3-1H^5;,c/ = 3
-Zk&S
),;jFu / = 3 < +R?0/;,c/ = 3-ZkS
);jF < 3R?M63 < /V1~)F43)&k/ = 3D-365-3L-Z 8
.m~l #5*\ O C O
0\Ak&;.i`1HF4F)l3
< i{6{LFH36:C
| = 365/ = 3 < i{6{LF>3:&;3T-5&;./M9;,S3t\bc2;&?Dhi-J-36F>F~\bcI?J;&S ;&?:.1H5&+9?kF4+m5}^.il+R^31y/-J36FHcV\v).i&/cI?;&S +T5
3*,MT3L--1qpl3+*/4/V+6M = Sz365T/#/X;/ = 3 < 3R?M63 < /21q)F43 < +R?2/;&c+-Zk&S
);jFxu /V;/ = 3-1^j5;jc/ = 3-ZkSb),;jFICAWw;&?
hi--3mF4F4\l/ = 3
1>S < F414Mm1/M6;,5.p,365T/V1H;,5-` = 14M = ^;.pl3R?Z5/ = 3vi-3 ;jcx+-1H^j5D1H5;&?:&1n5[+R?ZkF4+m5}^.il+R^38)l36FH;,5&^
/2;/ = 1X-F>+65}^.il+R^53 D+65&:/ = 3.-3M6;&5.p365L/Z1H;&5j-+mFq`b+Rk-:&3*/V39?S1H53/ = 3-M6; < 3;c/ = 3:&3T-MR?1 < /Z1H;&5
-Zk&S
),;jF2C>8 D0/D14-o/ = 35&3R^F436M*/;&c/ = 3.-3M6;,5.pl365L/21H;,5-\;,cD/ = 3$-1H^5&1HcZ14MT+65L/i-39;&c/ = 3$-1^j5[\
+. 1y/I/2^395j-0/V361H5:
.m~l #9\ O C O N r` ;.iFH: = +Rp3 < i&/1y/V\` = 14M = 1I-);./ = / = 3M6+*i-3;,c"/ = 3 < i{L{LF>3+65&:
;&c]/ = 3)36F>1436c/ = +*/Y;,?:.1H5[+R?ZkF4+m5}^.i+9^3v1I-x1HF>FH;&^j14M6+6FIC
#/ = 3R?0`b1>-3-J+61H:&\G:&;o5[;[/w/ = 1n5}o/ = +*/"/ = 3-M6; < 3
5&;./V+g/1H;j5D;cA/ = 3
gn6 n?3 < ?3T-J365T/-r+
M = +65.^l3v/V;
;&?:.1H5&+R?ZkF4+65.^.il+R^3.C| = 31n5L/2?;:TilMg/21H;&5D;cA/ = 3-M6; < 3-Zk[Sb),;jFA1I-wZi-0/+
Sz36+65j-
/V;DS+R3
+ <&< +R?395T/1>5
?3R^+9?:b/X;/ = 3 ;,?:.1H5[+R?Zk-365L/V3R5&M63
1y/-36F>c"` = +*/x1I-r+mF?36+L:[k < ?3L-365T/V\j).i&/xF~3mc>/1HS < FH14M61y/V\Y1H5D1y/-xi-3.C| = 10
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?36S+61H5-x+8-0/V;.?2kc2;,?x+95&;./ = 3R?;jM6Mt+T-1H;&5C