Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ﻡﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ,
ﻹدﺧﺎل ,ﺎﻟ ﺔ
ﻧﻈﺎم ﻹ ﺧﺎل
ﻋﻠﻢ أأو ﻧﻈﺎ
ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻠ
ﺎ ة
اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡﺎت
ﺮاج ا ﻮ
وإﺧﺮاج
ﺮض ,وإ
ﺕﺤﻠﻴﻞ,ﻋﺮض
اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ و اﻟﻮ ﺻﻔﻴﺔ
ﻣﺮاﺡﻞ ﺕﻄﻮر ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ
ﻰ ﻳﺪ g Tomlinson
Roger ﻲ آﻨﺪا ﻋﻠﻰ
• : 1964ﺏﺪأت ﻓﻲ
• اﻟﺴﺒﻌﻴﻨﻴﺎت واﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﻨﻴﺎت :زاد ﻋﺪد اﻟﺸﺮآﺎت واﻟﺒﺮﻡﺠﻴﺎت
• اﻟﺘﺴﻌﻴﻨﻴﺎت :اﻧﺨﻔﺎض أﺱﻌﺎر أﺝﻬﺰة اﻟﺤﺎﺱﺐ واﻟﺒﺮﻡﺠﻴﺎت
ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﻧﺘ ﻧﺖ
اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ واﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ ﻋﻠ
ﺘﻌﺪدة واﻟﺨ اﺋﻂ
ﺎﺋﻂ اﻟاﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة
اﻟﻮﺱﺎﺋﻂ
اﺱﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻮ
• أﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ :ا ﺘﺨﺪا
اﺱﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮآﺔ وذﻟﻚ ﺏﻔﻀﻞ اﻟﺘﺤﺴﻦ
م • اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﻘﺎدﻡﺔ:
اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻮظ ﻓﻲ أﺝﻬﺰة اﻟﺤﺎﺱﺐ اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ ﻳﺪوﻳﺎ ,اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ,
اﻟﻼﺱﻠﻜﻲ
ﺎل اﻟﻼ ﻠﻜ
واﻻﺕﺼﺎل
اﻻﺕ
ﻡﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡﺎت اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ
اﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ
اﻟﻘﻮة ﺒ ﺮﻳ
ﻮ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ اﻵﻟﻰ
ﻰ
People Hardware
ﻴﻞ
اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺞ
ﻣﻨﺎ هﺞ
GIS
ا ﺒﺮا ﺞ
اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ
Software
اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت
Data
اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡﺎت ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت وﺻﻔﻴﺔ
أﻗﻤﺎر ﻨﺎ ﺔ
ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺻﻮر أﻗ ﺎ
أﺡﺮف وأرﻗﺎم
ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ
ﺻﻮرة
ﻮر
ﻓﻴﺪﻳﻮ
ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡﺎت اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ
ﻃﺮق اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠ
• اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺡﺔ اﻷرﺽﻴﺔ
• اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﺠﻮى
• اﻻﺱﺘﺸﻌﺎر ﻋﻦ ﺏﻌﺪ
• اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻰ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ
)Global Positioning System (GPS
اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺡﺔ اﻷرﺽﻴﺔ
اﻻﺕﺠﺎهﺎت
س اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت و ﺠ
ﺏﻘﻴﺎس
اﻷرﺽﻴﺔ ﺏ ﻴ
ﺕﻬﺘﻢﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺡﺔ ر ﻴ
• ﻬ
)اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ( و ﻗﻴﺎس اﻻرﺕﻔﺎع )اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺱﻴﺐ(
اﻧﻮاع اﻷﻗﻤﺎر اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ
اﻻﻗ ﺎ
اﻻﻗﻤﺎر اﻟ ﻨﺎ ﺔ
اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ
27ﻗﻤﺮا
ا ﻔﺎ
ارﺕﻔﺎع 20000آﻢ
زاوﻳﺔ ﻣﻴﻼن 55درﺟﺔ
ﻟاﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ
م
اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم
GSMNetwork GSMNetwork
Network
Communication Hub
Communication
GSM Network
eXactNet Gateway
Client
Network
Communication
Custom Application Gateway
W b Interface
Web I t f
Thin Client
ﺝﻤﻊﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡﺎت
• ﺕﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ
•اﻟﻤﺼﺪر
•اﻟﺪﻗﺔ-اﻟﺤﺪاﺛﺔ
•اﻟﺘﻌﺎون -اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ
ﻣﺸﺎرآﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت
ﺔ •
واﻟﺠﻬﺪ
ﺎل اﻟ
ﺕﻮﻓﻴﺮ اﻟاﻟﻤﺎل
اﻟﺘﻜﺮار = ﻓ 9ﻔﺎ
ﺕﻔﺎدى اﻟ ا
ﺞ
اﻟﺒﺮاﻡﺞ
اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺏﺔ,
ﻮﺏ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت
ﺒﻴ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ
اﻟﻬﺪف ,ﻮ ﻴ
ﺞ :ﻬ اﻟﺒﺮاﻡﺞ
اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺒﺮ
ﻴر •
ﻡﻘﺪرات اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻡﺞ ,اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ ,ﺱﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺕﻌﻠﻤﻪ وﻓﻬﻤﻪ ,واﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻡﻦ
اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﻟﻠﺒﺮﻧﺎﻡﺞ
اﻟﺸﺮآﺔﺔ ﻟ ﺔﻟﺸ
ArcView,ArcGIS,
ArcView ArcGIS • أآﺜﺮ اﻟﺒﺮاﻡﺞ اﻧﺘﺸﺎرا هﻲ:
MapInfo, Geomedia, IDRISI, ERDAS
• أﻡﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺮاﻡﺞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺕﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻹدارة اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡﺎت اﻟﻮ ﺻﻔﻴﺔ:
O l Informix,
Oracle, I f i MS SQL, Sybase S b
أﺝﻬﺰة اﻟﺤﺎﺱﺐ
ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻟاﻟﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎت ﻟ ﺔ
اﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻠﻒ
اﻟﻘﻮة ﻟ ﺸ ﺔ
ﺕﻀﻢ ﻟﻘ ة
اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻧﻲ واﻹﺡﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﻡﻨﺎهﺞ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ :
اﺝﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ
ﻋﻮاﻡﻞﻞ ﺝ ﻴ
ﻮ
أﺡﻴﺎء
ﺔ
ﺕﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ
ﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ هﻮ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ
اﺳﺘﺨﺪامم أرض
رض اﻟﻨﺎﺑﺾ اﻟﺬي
ي
ﻳﺪوﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺡﻴﺎة وﻻ ﻓﺎﺋﺪة
ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت
اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻨﻘ ﺔ
واﻟﻤﻨﻘﺤﺔ ﺔ اﻟ
ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ
ﲢﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻜ
ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ
ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ
ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ
ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ
GIS ffunctions
ti
Data acquisition/Input (spatial and non-spatial) •
D t processing
Data i (manipulation ,data management) •
Data analysis (Spatial & statistical analysis) •
Data storage
g ((Store data more efficiently)
y) •
Data output (Maps, graphs, tables, reports) •
Soil Types
yp
Crop Productivity
(bushels/acre)
Combined Layers
Data analysis
When : Databetwen
data coundaries layerslayers
can be joined
don’t to create
match, new
the layers canlayers
be joined,
creating a new
containing thelayer containing the
characteristic characteristics of both
of both
ﺝﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ
ﻡﻌﻠﻮﻡﺎت ﺝ ﺮ ﻴ
ﺮوع ﻧﻈﻢﻢ ﻮ
ﺕﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻡﺸﺮوع
ﺧﻄﻮات ﻴ
ﻮ
ﺕﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت •
ﺕﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻷهﺪاف •
ﻳ
اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ وى وواﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪة
اﻟﺠﺪوى
دراﺱﺔ ﺠ ر •
ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﻮذج ﻟﻠﺪراﺱﺔ •
ﺕﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت •
ﻃﻠﺐ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺡﺎت ﻡﻦ اﻟﺸﺮآﺎت •
ﺕﺤﺪﻳﺪ أﻧأﻧﺴﺐ اﻟ ﻘﺘ ﺡﺎت
اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺡﺎت •
وﺽﻊ اﻟﺨﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮوع •
اﻟﻤﺆﺱﺴﺔ )ﻡﺮآﺰي(
ﺔ داﺧﻞ اﻟ
أآﺜﺮ ﻡﻦ ﻗﻗﺴﻢ اﺧﻞ
اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع أ ﺜ
ﻳﺨﺪم اﻟ ﺸ
رﺏﻤﺎﺎ ﺨ •
ﻧﻈﻢ ﻡﻌﻠﻮﻡﺎت ﺝﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ ﻡﺮآﺰﻳﺔ -ﻡﺜﺎل
ﻧﻈﻢ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت
ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ
ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﺮآﺰﻳﺔ
وﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﺏﻴﺎﻧﺎت
ﺧﺪﻣﺎت واﺟﻬﺔ واﺟﻬﺔ
اﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪم ج ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪمم ب
م
ﻧﻈﻢ ﻡﻌﻠﻮﻡﺎت ﺝﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻮادث -ﻡﺜﺎل
ﺕﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺴﻴﺎرات 2 ﺕﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ
اﺳﻢﻢ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ
ﻖ ﻣﻮﻗﻊﻊ اﻟﺤﺎدث
ﻣﺘﺤﺮك ﺗﻠﻔﻮن اﺳﻢ اﻟﺮﻗﻢ
اﻟ ﻗ راﺑﻂ
اﻟﻌﻴﻦ دوار اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ
2233445 1234567 ﻋﻠﻰ 7880 1
ﺔ
اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺔ
اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ دوار
1112224 ﻋﻤﺮ 8122 2
1
ﺕﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﺎدث
ﺻﻮر-ﻓﻴﺪﻳﻮ ﻋﺪد اﻝﻤﻮﺗﻰ ﻋﺪد اﻝﻤﺼﺎﺏﻴﻦ اﻝﻮﻗﺖ اﻝﺘﺎرﻳﺦ
ﺳﺒﺐ-ﻝ ﺎ ث
ﻝﺤﺎدث
راﺑﻂ
رﺑ
اﻝﺴﻴﺎرات
ﻋﻄﻞ ﻓﻰ اﻝﺴﻴﺎرة 0 4 2ﻣﺴﺎء 1999-6-12
رﻗﻢ اﻟﺴﻴﺎرات
1
7880 8122
2344 1 3 5ﺻﺒﺎﺡﺎ 2000-8-26
2
ﻓﺔ
اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت
ﻣﻤﻴﺰات ﻈ
ﻣﺨﻄﻂ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ
اﻟﻬﺎﺕﻒ ﺛﻼﺛ
ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد
ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﻧﻮآﻴﺎ
اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺡﻲ
اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ
ﻟﻀﺒﺎط
ﻣﺤﺎﺽﺮة ﺒ
ﺮ واﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ :
اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت و ﺠ
اﻟﺘﻌﺎون ﺑﻴﻦ ﺆ
ون
اﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ ﺡﻮل ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ -أﺑﻮﻇﺒﻰ -أﺑﺮﻳﻞ
2004
اﻟﺨﺎﺕﻤﺔ