Assalamulaikum,

Gas
Chromatography
Kelompok : 4 ( Empat )
1.Dina Irsalina
2.Erika Soraya
3.Fricshillia Anggraini
4.Imtihan Komahate
5.Muhammad Razi
6.Riski Ananda

Gas Chromatograph:
an overview
What

is chromatography
History of chromatography
Applications
Theory of operation
Detectors

What is Chromatography
*
*

Gas chromatography is a chromatographic technique that can be used to

separate volatile organic compounds.
It consists of
a flowing mobile phase
an injection port
a separation column (the stationary phase)
an oven
a detector.

History of Chromatography
1903

- Mikhail Tswett separated plant

pigments using paper chromatography
liquid-solid

chromatography

1930s -

Schuftan & Eucken use vapor as

the mobile phase
gas

solid chromatography

Applications
Compound must exist as a
at a temperature that can be
gas
produced by the GC and withstood by the column (up to
450C)
Alcohols in blood
Aromatics (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene)
Flavors and Fragrances
Permanent gases (H2, N2, O2, Ar, CO2, CO, CH4)
Hydrocarbons
Pesticides, Herbicides, PCBs, and Dioxins
Solvents

Advantages of Gas
Chromatography
Requires only very small samples with little
preparation
Good at separating complex mixtures into
components
Results are rapidly obtained (1 to 100 minutes)
Very high precision
Only instrument with the sensitivity to detect
volatile organic mixtures of low concentrations
Equipment is not very complex (sophisticated oven)

Theory of Operation
Velocity

of a compound through the column

depends upon affinity for the stationary
phase
Area under curve is
mass of compound
adsorbed to
stationary phase

Carrier gas

Gas phase concentration

Process Flow Schematic

Sample injection
Carrier gas
(nitrogen or
helium)

Long Column (30 m)

Detector
(flame
ionization
detector or
FID)

Air
Hydrogen

Flame Ionization Detector

Teflon insulating ring
Gas outlet
Collector
Sintered disk
Air
Hydrogen
Capillary tube (column)

Coaxial cable
to Analog to
Digital
Ionsconverter
Flame
Platinum jet

Gas Chromatograph Output

Other Detectors
Thermal

Conductivity Detector

Difference

in thermal conductivity between the

carrier gas and sample gas causes a voltage
output
Ideal carrier gas has a very low thermal
conductivity (He)
Electron

Capture Detector

Specific

for halogenated organics