able 1.2.

Conventions Used for Identifying Process Equipment

Process Equipment

General Format XX-YZZ A/B

XX are the identification letters for the equipment classification

C - Compressor or Turbine

E - Heat Exchanger

H - Fired Heater

P - Pump

R - Reactor

T - Tower

TK - Storage Tank

V - Vessel

Y designates an area within the plant

ZZ is the number designation for each item in an equipment class

A/B identifies parallel units or backup units not shown on a PFD

Supplemental Information

Additional description of equipment given on top of PFD

Table 1.2 provides the information necessary for the identification of the
process equipment icons shown in a PFD. As an example of how to use this
information, consider the unit operation P-101A/B and what each number or
letter means.

P-101A/B identifies the equipment as a pump.

P-101A/B indicates that the pump is located in area 100 of the plant.
P-101A/B indicates that this specific pump is number 01 in unit 100.
P-101A/B indicates that a backup pump is installed. Thus, there are two
identical pumps, P-101A and P-101B. One pump will be operating while the
other is idle.

Iodometry and iodimetry are two common titration methods used in

analytical chemistry. These two types of titrations are based on oxidation
reduction, and can be used to determine redox species quantitatively.
Titrations are based on a reaction between the analyte and a standard
reagent known as the titrant. The quantity of the analyte can be determined
if we know the reaction, stoichiometry and the volume/mass of the titrant
needed to react completely with the analyte. Iodine can be used for this
redox titrations due to its capability of reacting fast with many species.
Reversibility of iodine/iodide, reaction is also an advantage when using them
in iodometric reactions.
What is Iodometry?
In iodometry, iodides are allowed to react with another oxidizing agent in an
acidic medium or neutral medium. When this reaction takes place, iodide
(iodide will be added in the form of KI) will be oxidized to iodine and the other
species will be reduced by iodide. The released iodine is then titrated with
another species. This titrating species is a standard solution of a reducing
agent, which is capable of reducing iodine back to iodide form. Usually, a
standard thiosulphate solution is used for this. For example, if we want to
quantify the amount of chlorine dissolved in a mixture, following is the
method to carry out an iodometric titration.
First, a known amount of volume from the mixture (in which chlorine is
dissolved) should be taken into a titration flask. This is titrated with a known
solution of KI, and the volume consumed is found. Following redox reaction
will take place in the reaction flask.
Cl2 + 2I- > 2 Cl- + I2
Another titration should be then carried out with the same mixture to
determine the released amount of iodine. For this, the mixture is titrated with
a standard thiosulphate solution. Starch can be added as an indicator, to
determine the end point of this reaction. With iodine and starch in the
mixture, it will be observed in dark-blue color, but at the end point when all
the iodine is finishes, the dark color will be disappeared.
I2 + 2 S2O32 S4O62 + 2 IFrom the above two titrations, the amount of Cl2 can be determined.
What is Iodimetry?
In iodimetry, free iodine is used to titrate with a reducing agent. Therefore,
iodine will be reduced to iodide, and the other species will be oxidized by

iodine. Since free iodine solution cannot be easily prepared, iodine is mixed
with potassium iodide and KI3 solution is prepared. And a standard solution of
this is used for the iodimetric titrations.
KI+I2 KI3
Following reaction takes place when titrating. Starch can be used as an
indicator in iodimetric titrations too.
I2 + reducing agent 2 IWhat is the difference between Iodometry and Iodimetry?
In iodimetry, a species is directly titrated with an iodine solution, but in
iodometry a species is titrated with an iodide solution and then the released
iodine is titrated with thiosulphate.
Therefore, iodimetry is a direct method and iodometry is an indirect
method.
Iodometry can be used to quantify oxidizing agents, whereas iodimetry can
be used to quantify reducing agents.