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Tim Hieu Ve Raspberry Pi
Tim Hieu Ve Raspberry Pi
RASPBERRY PI
Sinh vin tm hiu:
1/ Nguyn c Trung 10520353
2/ Trn Thanh Lim
- 10520364
Mc Lc:
I.
Raspberry Pi l g? ................................................................................................................................. 3
II.
III.
IV.
1.
2.
3.
Arch Linux:....................................................................................................................................... 11
4.
Pidora: ............................................................................................................................................. 11
5.
V.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
VI.
Tm hiu v Raspberry Pi
1.
2.
Ci Raspbian(y l OS chun):....................................................................................................... 16
3.
Ci RaspBMC ................................................................................................................................... 17
4.
ng dng:........................................................................................................................................ 18
5.
2)
3)
4)
VII.
VIII.
1.
Lu :............................................................................................................................................... 29
2.
u im: ......................................................................................................................................... 30
3.
IX.
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Tm hiu v Raspberry Pi
I.
Raspberry Pi l g?
Raspberry Pi l mt chic my tnh t hon gi ch 25$ chy h iu hnh Linux ra mt
vo thng 2 nm 2012. Ban u Raspberry Pi c pht trin da trn tng tin s
Eben Upton ti i hc Cambridge mun to ra mt chic my tnh gi r hc sinh
c th d dng tip cn v khm ph th gii tin hc. D nh khim tn ca ng n
cui i l c th bn c tng cng 1000 bo mch cho cc trng hc.
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Tm hiu v Raspberry Pi
Tm hiu v Raspberry Pi
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Tm hiu v Raspberry Pi
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Tm hiu v Raspberry Pi
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Tm hiu v Raspberry Pi
Tm hiu v Raspberry Pi
+ Raspberry c s la chn ng n khi pht trin kernel tng thch
cho Debian (Ubuntu l 1 nhnh da trn Debian), Arch Linux v Fedora.
y l cc h iu hnh Linux cc k ph bin, d tm hiu, c sn cng
ng s dng v pht trin.
iu ny gip vic sa li nhanh hn, cng nh vic tm kim gii
php cho vic ci t gi ca ngi dng d dng hn. Ngi dng mi
dng Raspian, Pidora; ngi dng c kinh nghim hn c th dng Arch
Linux... H thc hin cc tng ca mnh vi 1 board mch gi r, ch
c $35. Hng lot sn phm DIY (do it yourself) dng Raspberry Pi ra i,
v nh Raspberry li cng ph bin hn.
III.
Gm 10 phn chnh:
1. Tri tim ca Pi l chip SOC (System-On-Chip) Broadcom BCM2835: chy
tc 700mHz. Chip ny tng ng vi nhiu loi c s dng
trong smartphone ph thng hin nay, v c th chy c h iu hnh Linux.
Tch hp trn chip ny l nhn ha (GPU) Broadcom VideoCore IV. GPU ny
mnh c th chi 1 s game ph thng v pht video chun full HD.
2. 8 ng GPIO (General Purpose Input Output): ng nh tn gi ca n, t y
bn c th kt ni v iu khin rt nhiu thit b in t/c kh khc.
3. Ng HDMI: dng kt ni Pi vi mn hnh my tnh hay tivi c h tr cng
HDMI.
4. Ng RCA Video (analog): khi thit k Pi ngi ta cng tnh n trng hp
ngi s dng cc nc ang pht trin khng c iu kin sm mt chic tivi
i mi tch hp cng HDMI. V vy cng video analog ny c thm vo, gip
bn c th kt ni vi chic tivi i c m khng phi lo lng.
5. Ng audio 3.5mm: kt ni d dng vi loa ngoi hay headphone. i vi tivi
c cng HDMI, ng m thanh c tch hp theo ng tn hiu HDMI nn
khng cn s dng ng audio ny.
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Tm hiu v Raspberry Pi
6. Cng USB: mt im mnh na ca Pi l tch hp 2 cng USB 2.0. Bn c th
kt ni vi bn phm, chut hay webcam, b thu GPS ..v..v.. qua c th m
rng phm vi ng dng. V Pi chy Linux nn hu ht thit b ch cn cm-vchy (Plug-n-Play) m khng cn ci driver phc tp.
7. Cng Ethernet: cho php kt ni Internet d dng. Cm dy mng vo Pi, kt
ni vi mn hnh my tnh hay tivi v bn phm, chut l bn c th lt web d
dng.
8. Khe cm th SD: Pi khng tch hp cng. Thay vo n dng th SD lu
tr d liu. Ton b h iu hnh Linux s hot ng trn th SD ny v vy n
cn kch thc th nh ti thiu 4 GB v dung lng h tr ti a l 32 GB.
9. n LED: trn Pi c 5 n LED hin th tnh trng hot ng.
10. Jack ngun micro USB 5V, ti thiu 700mA: nh thit k ny m bn c th
tn dng hu ht cc sc in thoi di ng trn th trng cp ngun in cho
Pi.
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Tm hiu v Raspberry Pi
2. Soft-float "wheezy":
Vn c xy dng da trn Debian wheezy nhng vic x l du chm ng
c thc hin bng phn mm. Vic ny gip bn c th s dng my o Java
(Oracle JVM) trn Raspberry.
3. Arch Linux:
Phin bn ginh cho ARM. m bo thi gian khi ng trong vng 10 giy. Ch
khi ng v load cc gi cn thit. s dng c Arch Linux bn cn c kin
thc c bn v Linux.
4. Pidora:
L phin bn ca Fedora c ti u cho RPi, c sn giao din ha. Ginh cho
nhng ai quen xi Fedora.
5. RISC OS:
L h iu hnh do nhm pht trin ARM thit k ring. y khng phi l mt
phin bn Linux, do vy bn cn lm quen vi cu trc v cu lnh c trng cho
h iu hnh ny.
Ngoi ra cn nhiu h iu hnh / distro khc bn c th ci t : Raspbmc,
Android...
Tuy nhin do hng ch v phn cng nn Raspberry Pi ch c th s dng Android
2.3 Gingerboard do nhng tri nghim Android mi nht v hon thin nht trn
thit b ny l iu khng th.
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Tm hiu v Raspberry Pi
1. Thut ng c bn:
Command line: l cu lnh thc hin mt chc nng no trong Linux.
Shell: l ni nhn command line, gi n kernel tnh ton v nhn kt qu tr
v t kernel.
Distribution: l bn phn phi ca Linux. Th d nh Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora,
ArchLinux
Package: cha nhiu files v folder ci chng trnh, tng t nh phn mm
ca Windows.
Super user: tng ng vi admin.
Root = super user.
Directory: tng ng vi folder Windows.
GNU: tn ca d n phn mm min ph, rt nhiu phn mm ca GNU c ci
t cho Linux.
Bootloader: phn mm chu trch nhim load kernel ca Linux khi khi ng.
2. Lnh h thng:
lsusb: lit k cc thit b kt ni cng usb.
uname -r: cho bit phin bn ca nhn Linux.
time command: cho bit thi gian thc thi xong lnh command.
command1 | comman2: chuyn kt qu ca lnh command1 lm u vo ca lnh
command2.
clear: xa mn hnh.
sudo -k: chm dt ch dng lnh c chc nng ca user root.
free: kim tra tnh trng b nh.
uptime: xem thi gian vn hnh ca h thng.
raspi-config: truy cp cu hnh cho Raspberry Pi.
sudo passwd root: i password root.
sudo reboot: Khi ng li RasPi hoc sudo shutdown -r now.
sudo shutdown -h now: Tt RasPi.
3. Lnh tin trnh:
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Tm hiu v Raspberry Pi
ps -ef: hin th tt c cc tin trnh c thc hin.
ps aux | less: lit k cc tin trnh ang chy.
top: xem tt c cc tin trnh ang chy thi gian thc.
ss: kim tra thng tin socket v thng tin mng TCP/UDP.
ss -s: hin th tng s socket.
ss -l: hin th mi cng m.
kill pid: bo chm dt tin trnh mang s pid.
4. Lnh ng gi phn mm:
/etc/apt/sourcs.list: tp tin xc nh ngun cc kho phn mm ti xung nhm
ci mi hoc cp nht h thng.
apt-get update: cp nht danh sch cc gi phn mm cn c vo cc kho phn
mm c trong tp tin sources.list.
apt-get upgrade: cp nht cc gi phn mm ci ri.
apt-get dist-upgrade: cp nht phin bn debian ang c n phin bn mi tip
theo.
apt-get install soft: ci phn mm soft ng thi gii quyt cc gi phn mm ph
thuc.
apt-get remote soft: loi b phn mm soft cng nh tt c cc gi phn mm ph
thuc.
apt-get remote purge soft: loi b phn mm soft k c tp tin cu hnh ca phn
mm soft.
apt-get autoclean: xa b cc bn sao chp ca nhng gi phn mm b loi b.
apt-cache dumpavail: hin th danh sch cc gi phn mm ang c (rt nhiu).
5. Lnh v mng:
/etc/network/interfaces: thng tin cu hnh ca cc card mng
uname -a: hin th tn ca my tnh trong mng (hostname).
ifdown eth0: shutdown eth0 (ging lnh ifconfig eth0 down).
ifup eth0: ngc li vi lnh trn (ifconfig eth0 up).
poweroff -i: ngng hot ng tt c cc ni mng.
route add default gw a ch ip: xc nh a ch IP ca default GateWay.
ifconfig: Xem thng tin mng hin ti.
6. Lnh phn vng cng:
/etc/fstab: cha cc thng tin v cc cng v h thng tp tin c gn t ng.
fdisk -l: hin th cc phn vng cng.
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Tm hiu v Raspberry Pi
mount -a: gn, tch ra cc /thit b.
mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1: to mt h thng tp tin ext3 trn phn vng /dev/hda1.
df -h: xem dung lng cn trng ca thit b lu tr.
7. Lnh x l tp tin:
Quyn truy cp tp tin:
chown TenNguoiDung file: xc nh ngi ch ca tp tin file l ngi dng
TenNguoiDung
chmod u+x file: giao (+) quyn thc thi (x) tp tin file cho ngi dng (u)
Nn v gii nt tp tin:
tar xvf archive.tar: gii phng cc tp tin c trong tp tin archive.tar, ng thi
hin th cc tn tp tin.
Th mc:
du -max-depth=1 -h /media: lit k tt c cc th mc cng vi dung lng trong
/media
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Tm hiu v Raspberry Pi
sc bit dng in ra).
Pi s khng hot ng khi khng ngun, nu cp dng trn 700mA cng khng
vn g.
7. Dy audio, loa Tn hiu m thanh c th truyn trn ng HDMI, nhng nu
bn dng cp chuyn hoc cp RCA th phi dng ng audio ny.
Cp HDMI
Cp RCA
Component thng
dng trong TV
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Tm hiu v Raspberry Pi
2. Ci Raspbian(y l OS chun):
- Down bn ci t v. Gii nn.
Downloads | Raspberry Pi
- Down Sd formater.
https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/for.../eula_windows/
Dng Sdformater format th nh SD hay micro sd(gn Adapter gn vo Rasp).
Down win32diskimager (y l phn mm copy mi OS ca Rasp ln th
nh).
Download Win32 Disk Imager from SourceForge.net
- Chy win32diskimager. Chn Ni lu file OS.chn Write. Ch n bo hon
thnh l xong bc ci OS ln th.
- Gn th nh vo Rasp. gn chut v bn phm vo cng USB.cp ngun. Ch 1
xu Rasp s khi ng vp mn hnh config. bc ny quan trng nht
l Enable boot to Desktop di chuyn bng bn phm ti v tr 3-Enter-Chn
Enable. Nhng ci cn li th cc bn tu chnh thoi mi. xong ht chn Finish.
s reboot li v vo mn hnh Desktop. Coi nh chng ta ci xong OS
Raspbian cho Rasp pi.
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Tm hiu v Raspberry Pi
Ni chung HH ny dnh cho nhng ngi mun dng Raspberry Pi nh mt ci
PC.
C th s dng VNC server remote desktop.
3. Ci RaspBMC
C th gi y l bn Raspbian lc b i LXDE v thay vo l XBMC. Phi
ni l dng ci ny rt tt cc thm . Nu phn gii 720P (D ch l UI, pht
phim vn 1080P), OC (CPU 1GHz, Ram 500, DSP 250, GPU 450, OverVolt 5),
fps lc no cng trn 60fps (nu tt VSync ln ti 80fps). Phim h tr loi
format, codec . Tuy nhin v codec VC-1 v MPEG2 l codec thu ph nn phi tr
tin mua code unlock (Ci code ny qun l theo serial nn ko crack c ) vi
li my ci phim HD khng bao gi dng codec ny nn cng khng cn lo lng
my. Th ngh ai li mua con ny v cm vo TV CRT xem phim . m thanh
h tr y t DTS-HD Master, DTS, Dolby, MP3, ACC,...
Tuy nhin mun nghe m thanh 5.1 cn phi qua receiver.
Phim h tr y ngun t NFS, samba, USB, HDD (3TB), UPNP,...
- Down bn ci t v. v dng win32diskimager ci ln th SD
Raspbmc
C 2 la chn:
Network Image: file ti v nh khong 16MB. Khi gn SD vo Rasp,i hi phi
c mng ti v cc bn ci t.
Standalone Image: bn chun.khong 236MB. ci vo th SD.v chy.ko cn ch
ci t internet.
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Tm hiu v Raspberry Pi
4. ng dng:
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Tm hiu v Raspberry Pi
ton quc. Tc gi ca kBOT l Ng Hunh Ngc Khnh chia s vi machtudong.vn
v nn tng chnh ca kBOT: "Em s dng nn tng chnh l Raspberry Pi B v2 v vi
iu khinATmega 328. Raspberry Pi s ra lnh iu khin Atemega 328 (c gn vo
mch Arduino Uno) thng qua giao thc Serial. T , vi iu khin Atmega 328 s iu
khin cc thit b ngoi vi khc bng cch s dng th vin Serial Command sn c ca
Arduino. Ngoi ra, em cn s dng Raspberry Pi iu khin servo, cm bin siu
m to thnh radar,...". Ngoi ra, nh sng to tr tui ny cn xy dng nhiu chc
nng khc rt mnh m v ton b nn tng chnh l Raspberry PI v2 v vi iu
khin ATmega 328.
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Tm hiu v Raspberry Pi
address 192.168.1.2
netmask 255.255.255.0
broadcast 192.168.1.255
gateway 192.168.1.1
lu li bm t hp phm Ctrl + O ==> Enter ==> Ctrl + X
Sau khi ng li Raspberry Pi.
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Tm hiu v Raspberry Pi
b2: Bt phn mm Win32DiskImager bng quyn Admin.
b3: Chn ng dn lu tr file.
b4. Bm read v ch i.
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Tm hiu v Raspberry Pi
Mt s lu :
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Tm hiu v Raspberry Pi
Yu cu
chung:
phi bit
a ch IP
ca thit
b c
iu
khin.
Trong
trng
hp ny ta cn bit a ch IP ca Pi bng cch g t LXTerminal ta g
command line sau:
sudo ifconfig
ifconfig screenshot
phn eth0, inet addr chnh l a ch IP. Trong hnh minh ha trn, a ch
IP chnh l 192.168.1.9. Mnh s s dng a ch ny lm v d trong bi vit
nhng nh l a ch IP ca bn c th khc. Lu : y l a ch IP ng nn
c th thay i sau mi ln restart Pi.
1. iu khin Raspberry Pi bng SSH:
SSH l vit tt ca Secure Shell, l mt phng thc trao i d liu an ton
v n gin. s dng SSH ta phi ci t trn c Pi ln my tnh.
1.1 Ci t SSH server trn Raspberry Pi:
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Tm hiu v Raspberry Pi
iu duy nht bn cn lm l activate SSH server menu Rasp-config
bng cch g LXTerminal:
sudo raspi-config
Lc ny mn hnh Raspi-config s hin ra cho php ty chnh nhiu thng
s h thng ca Pi. Chn mc Advance Options SSH Enable ri OK.
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Tm hiu v Raspberry Pi
Trn giao din ca PuTTY bn ch cn nhp a ch IP ca Pi vo ri click
Open. Pi s yu cu xc nhn username v password ca Pi (mc nh l
pi v raspberry). Nu thnh cng th my tnh s xc nhn v hin th mn
hnh command line ca Pi. Lc ny bn c th iu khin Pi bng
command line thoi mi.
G
i
a
o din PuTTY trn my tnh
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Tm hiu v Raspberry Pi
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Tm hiu v Raspberry Pi
sudo apt-get install tightvncserver
tightvncserver
Khi chy VNC ln u th n s yu cu bn to mt password truy cp.
y cng l password m bn s c hi khi mun truy cp vo Pi nhm
trnh tnh trng truy cp tri php. Ngoi ra TightVNC cn cho php bn
t password dng view-only tc l ch cho php bn thy mn hnh
nhng khng iu khin c bn phm hay chut, rt hu dng trong
trng hp mun chia s mn hnh khi thuyt trnh chng hn.
Sau khi t password th TightVNC s to mt mn hnh o ca Pi my
tnh khc truy cp vo. Mun truy cp mn hnh ny bn cn c password
xc nhn trn, a ch IP ca Pi v cng truy cp (port). Port mc nh
ca VNC l 5900. Nh vy mun truy cp vo mn hnh s 1 th bn dng
a ch: 192.168.1.9::5901. Tng t nu c mt my tnh khc mun truy
cp mn hnh s 2 th s dng a ch 192.168.1.9::5902. Lu l mn
hnh s 1 hay s 2 ch l mn hnh o v c lp vi nhau, ai cng iu
khin c nhng khng ai thy ngi khc ang lm g.
2.2 Ci t VNC client trn Windows:
Link download TightVNC ti y. Sau khi ci t ta m VNC client ln
bng cch click Start TightVNC TightVNC Viewer, ri nhp a ch
truy cp, click Connect v in password truy cp.
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Tm hiu v Raspberry Pi
M
Mn hnh iu khin Pi t my tnh
Ngoi ra phn mm TightVNC ny cn tch hp c VNC server ln client
nn c th s dng trong trng hp ngc li: dng Pi iu khin my
tnh.
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Tm hiu v Raspberry Pi
VII.
VIII.
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Tm hiu v Raspberry Pi
30MB/s BH 5 nm. Tit kim c cng USB.
Nn mua thm t nht 2 ci heatsink dn vo con SoC v LAN Controller cho
thm no mun OC. Thm ci fan th cng tt. ng nhit qu 80*C
Vn ngun USB c gii quyt trn model B . phin bn trc mi
cng USB ch cho php cng sut chy ti a 100mA . Cn by gi cm bao
nhiu cng c, min l di 2A.
2. u im:
Gi r 35$, lm my tnh gi r chy Linux, hoc tch hp vo cc h thng x
l, t ng khc.
Kch thc nh gn, c th s dng nh HDPC cho TV.
Siu tit kim in.
GPU mnh, h tr nhiu phn gii n 1080p/30f.
Phc v cho nhiu mc ch.
Kh nng hot ng lin tc 24/7.
Bn c th ci t phn mm t Pi store, hoc cc phn mm Linux khc mt
cch n gin, nh ti Chrome duyt web, VLC cho linux xem video,...
Kh nng m rng tt.
3. Nhc im:
CPU cu hnh thp .
Lan 100.
Khng c tch hp WiFi (c th mua USB WiFi v gn v).
Yu cu phi c kin thc c bn v Linux, in t.
Tuy nhin khi khi ng mt ng dng, phi mt 2-5s khi ng ng
dng.
Khi rt v cm cc thit b usb khc, h iu hnh t ng khi ng li
nhn thit b --> mt vn kh nghim trng ( vi raspbian, cc h iu hnh
khc cha nh gi ).
Khng c hp ng (phi mua thm vi gi khong 5-7$).
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Tm hiu v Raspberry Pi
IX.
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