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ใบสูตรสถิติ
ใบสูตรสถิติ
Neil A. Weiss
FORMULAS
NOTATION The following notation is used on this card:
n sample size
population stdev
x sample mean
d paired difference
s sample stdev
p sample proportion
p population proportion
Qj j th quartile
N population size
O observed frequency
population mean
E expected frequency
CHAPTER 5
f
,
N
CHAPTER 3
Descriptive Measures
x
Sample mean: x
n
s
or
x 2 (x)2 /n
n1
x
N
n x
p (1 p)nx ,
x
CHAPTER 4
and
b0
1
(y b1 x) y b1 x
n
Coefficient of determination: r 2
SSR
SST
r
(x x)(y y)
sx sy
n
or
/ n
x z/2
n
Sxy
r
Sxx Syy
np(1 p)
CHAPTER 8
CHAPTER 7
b1
P (X x)
z/2
E
2
FORMULAS
Studentized version of the variable x:
t
s/ n
z
x 0
/ n
x 0
s/ n
with df n 1.
sd / n
t
with df n 1.
Sample proportion:
x1 x2
sp (1/n1 ) + (1/n2 )
with df n1 + n2 2.
Pooled t-interval for 1 2 (independent samples, normal
populations or large samples, and equal population standard
deviations):
(x 1 x 2 ) t/2 sp (1/n1 ) + (1/n2 )
with df n1 + n2 2.
p
x
,
n
where x denotes the number of members in the sample that have the
specified attribute.
One-sample z-interval for p:
p z/2
p(1
p)/n
E z/2 p(1
Sample size for estimating p:
z/2 2
n 0.25
or
E
n p g (1 p g )
z/2
E
2
t
(s12 /n1 ) + (s22 /n2 )
with df .
with df .
CHAPTER 10
p p0
z
p0 (1 p0 )/n
(Assumption: both np0 and n(1 p0 ) are 5 or greater)
Pooled sample proportion: p p
x1 + x2
n1 + n2
p p (1 p p ) (1/n1 ) + (1/n2 )
(Assumptions: independent samples; x1 , n1 x1 , x2 , n2 x2 are all 5
or greater)
FORMULAS
Two-sample z-interval for p1 p2 :
(p 1 p 2 ) z/2 p 1 (1 p 1 )/n1 + p 2 (1 p 2 )/n2
SST x 2 (x)2 /n
SSTR (Tj2 /nj ) (x)2 /n
n1 n2 0.5
or
z/2
E
2
MSTR
z
n1 n2 p 1g (1 p 1g ) + p 2g (1 p 2g )
2
/2
Chi-Square Procedures
F
MSTR
MSE
CHAPTER 14
b1
se / Sxx
with df n 2.
Confidence interval for 1 :
se
b1 t/2
Sxx
with df n 2.
2 (O E)2 /E
with df (r 1)(c 1), where r and c are the number of possible
values for the two variables under consideration.
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
k number of populations
n total number of observations
x mean of all n observations
nj size of sample from Population j
x j mean of sample from Population j
sj2 variance of sample from Population j
Tj sum of sample data from Population j
Defining formulas for sums of squares in one-way ANOVA:
SSE
nk
with df (k 1, n k).
CHAPTER 13
MSE
SSTR
,
k1
with df n 2.
r
1 r2
n2