Alimentary Pathology Slide

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Oral Cavity Abnormalities

Palatoschisis, chelioschisis,

Epitheliogensis imperfecta
Veratrum californicum, Lupine
ingestion
Congenital deformities

Vesicular Stomatitides

All viral cause oral vesicles

FMD Replicates first in the oropharynx,

vesicles in mouth, coronary band of feet,

rupture causing ulcers, aerosol trans.
Vesicular Stomatitis Affects cows, swine,
HORSES, insect vector, otherwise FMD
indistinguishable
Swine Vesicular Disease- Only swine,
europe/asia
Vesicular exanthema-

Erosive and ulcerative

stomatitides

Not preceded by vesicles

BVD, MCF, Bluetongue, herpes viruses,

feline calicivirus
UREMIA

Papular stomatitides

Epithelial hyperplasia, viral inclusion bodies

Contagious ecthyma (Orf)
Bovine papular stomatitis

Necrotizing Stomatitides
And Misc. oral inflammations

Ulcers affect deep SubQ

Oral necrobacillosis (F. necrophorum, calf

diphtheria)
Actinobacillosis (wooden tongue,
granulomas in muscle/Connective tissue)
Actinomycosis (Lumpy jaw)
Eosinophilic stomatitis
Lymphoplasmacytic (FIV, FCV, FLV
predispose to this)

Oral Neoplasia

Papillomatosis/Warts- benign
Squamous cell carcinoma (most common

cats, 20% dogs

Malignant melanoma (most common dogs)
Fibrosarcoma (more common dogs but rare)

Teeth and Gingiva

Malocclusion, dentigerous cysts (periodontal

ligament, malassez cells)

Segmental enamel hypoplasia (viral infections,
hyperthermia, causes ameloblasts to
degenerate, exposure to injurious agent during
odontogenesis)
Abnormal color (fluoride, tetracyclines,
porphyrins)
Infundibular impaction (abnormal wear)
Periodontal disease (BacT plaque, destruction of
gingiva and periodontal ligament = tooth
loosening)

Tonsils, Salivary Glands,

Tongue

True salivary cyst (epithelium lined)

Salivary mucocele (not lined with

epithelium, saliva filled)

Ranula (true cyst, floor of mouth, looks like
frog belly)
Sialoliths (common horses, calcium in
salivary ducts)
Sialoadenitis (inflammation)
Tumors?

Eosophagus

All the previous viral infections can cause

vesicles/ulcers
Megaeosophagus (vascular ring, muscle
disease, obstruction)
Rupture/Choke (Thoracic inlet, base of
heart, diaphragm hiatus, can result in bloat
and megaeosophagus)
Spirocerca lupi (aortic rupture, sarcomas)

Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum

Ruminal tympany (bloat, Primary and secondary,

pasture and feedlot vs obstruction, foam

formation, gas entrapment, eructation
prevention, NECROPSY- animal on back, bloat
line)
Rumenitis/Grain overload (sudden increase in
carb rich diet, promotes G+ BacT, produce lactic
and fatty acids, drop pH, damage to mucosa, inc.
FA draws fluid into rumen = Dehydration,
acidosis, endotoxemia, forms stellate scars)
Sequelae Bacterial infiltration (F.necrophorum,
A. pyogenese, Liver abscesses), Mycotic
rumenitis (Aspergillus, rhizopus, mucor,
angiotropic, abortions, flat circular plaques)

Stomach Abomasum

GDV (Large easily digestible meal, C.perfingens

proliferation, gas production, volvulus, ischemia,

compression of caudal vena cava, heart failure,
hypovolemia, shock, death), LDA, RDA
Ulcers (local injury/ischemia, gastrin producing
ulcers, NSAIDS/Stress disturbs local blood flow,
uremia, inflammatory disease), causes vomiting
(blood), melena, pain, anemia, perforation leads
to peritonitis, septicemia
Gastritis- Braxy (actue abomasitis, C. septicum,
C. perfringens type A causes ulcerative
abomasitis)
Parasites- Haemonchus, Ostertagia
Neoplasia- Lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma
(horses), Adenocarcinoma (dogs), leiomyomas,

Small and Large intestine

Stenosis, atresia, megacolon, obstruction (of SI

leads to dehydration while obsctruction of LI

doesnt) intussusception, paralytic ileus
(absence of normal peristalsis, squelae to
surgery, peritonitis, enteritis, shock, toxemia,
electrolyte imbalance, degeneration of ganglia),
Hernias (incarceration and strangulation),
volvulous, torsion (pedunculated lipoma)
Enteritis (malabsportive, osmotic, exudative,
hypersecretion, deranged motility), Hemorrhagic
(Clostridia, coccidiosis) Fibrinonecrotic
(Salmonella, Swine dysentery, Lawsonia
Diphtheritic membranes = casts), Ulcerative
(BVD, Mycotic), Proliferative (Lawsonia,
Coccidiosis), Granulomatous (Johnes), Exudates,
crypt necrosis/dilation/hyperplasia, villus

Viral enteritis

BVD
Noncytopathic and cytopathic biotypes,

Transplacental infection before 4 months can

result in persistent infections and cerebellar
hypoplasia, unthrifty calves
Mucosal Disease when PI calves are exposed to
cytopathic biotype, diarrhea, mucopurulent nasal
discharge, ulcers of the entire alimentary tract,
Lesions most marked on Peyers patches, forms
Fibrinonecrotic membranes, coronary band
affected
Immunosuppresive predisposes to
mannheimiosis, and other infections
Can affect the whole herd

Malignant Catarrhal Fever

Sheep are the reservoir
Difficult to differentiate from BVD, glossitis,

rhinitis, gastritis, enteritis

lesions all associated with vasculitis
(lymphoplasmacytic necrotizing
vasculitis in any organ/tissue), nervous
signs, corneal opacity
Usually only affects a few of the herd

Transmissible Gastroenteritis
(TGE)
Swine, vomiting/diarrhea, pigglets < 14

days, coronavirus, severe villus atrophy,

transparent mucosa

Feline Panleukopenia Virus

(FPLV)
Parvovirus, attack rapidly dividing cells,

bone marrow, crypt cells, lymphoid organs

(LN, thymus), basophilic inclusion bodies
Lesions in SI, mostly ileum Ground glass
serosa, segmental hemorrhage, severe
crypt necrosis, cerebellar hypoplasia
Canine parvovirus is essentially the same

except no cerebellar hypoplasia

Bacterial Enteritis

Colibacillosis
E. coli pathotypes, fecal oral, overcrowding

and stress, depends on # injested, ability

to adhere to mucosa, proliferation, and
toxin production
ETEC secrete toxins inducing fluid
secretion into gut lumen, does not damage
mucosa, massive water loss/diarrhea
VTEC (verotoxigenic) angiotoxin, causes
widespread vasculitis, edema disease
(severe edema of eyelids, intestinal
mucosa), no diarrhea, encephalomalacia

Salmonellosis