1.

MLA:

Stanley-Hermanns, Melinda, and Julie Miller. Animal-assisted Therapy. The American

Journal of Nursing 102.10 (2002): 6976. Web

Summary:
Animals of many species, (i.e Dogs, Cats, and Rabbits) are being used to help acute and
chronically ill patients. The use animals to help decrease the stress and help improve their
physical condition. A story from ground zero was even included about a search and rescue dog
and his handler. Giving people during a hard time something to look forward too and enjoy. The
difference between animal assisted therapy and animal assisted visitation. Also describing the
psychological evidence that increases relaxation, which reduces blood and heart rate.
Describing the study conducted in 2001 that showed this evidence. People with hypertension
received dogs and three months later showed improvement in blood pressure. This is verified
Most studies that support physiologic benefits of animal-assisted therapy indicate an increase
in relaxation, as evidence by reduction in blood pressure and heart rate.

Credibility:
Melinda Stanley-Hermanns has a PhD, M.S.N, B.S.N, A.D.N. She is a registered nurse
at Texas State Board of Nursing. The recipient of multiple awards and honors, including
outstanding faculty, excellence in research. University professor at The University of Texas.
Published in the journal of nursing education and practice, Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and
Mental Health Services, Journal of Christian Nursing.

Situation:
Written by Melinda Stanley-Hermanns. Published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins in The
American Journal of Nursing (October, 2002). Discussing the positives of having assisted
animals in therapy.
Quotes:
Zoonosis (the transmission of disease between animals and humans), infectious control, and
safety are often the biggest barriers to animal-assissted therapy programs.
The most commonly used animals are dogs, probably because of ease of training and their
usually even temperament.
Prisons use animal interaction as a behavior-modification tool and as a reward for good
behavior.

2.
MLA:
Lee, Jane J. "Military Dolphins and Sea Lions: What Do They Do and Who Uses Them?"
National Geographic. National Geographic Society, 29 Mar. 2014. Web. 16 Mar.
2016.

Summary:
The articles is about how marine mammals (dolphins, sea lions) are being military
trained. The bottle nose dolphin has proven to be far better at detecting underwater mines than
any machine so far. Also, efficient at getting into more shallow water, where boats and
submarines cant go and/or would make to much noise. Their sonar systems are so finely tuned
that mechanical systems would get overwhelmed with all the competing signals. Taught the
ability to find intruders in restricted water. The article discusses more one how they are properly
used in the field. The United States Marines have had an on going program for dolphins since
the 1960s.
Creditability:
Jane J. Lee is news writer and editor at National Geographic. Prior to National
Geographic Lee wrote for a science magazine (San Hose Mercury News) and wired.com. She
earned a Masters degree in Biology from the University of Los Angeles, that was focused in
deep-sea ecology. Also, Jane is an part of the alumni of the Science Communication Program at
the University of California, Santa Cruz.
Situation:
The author is Jane J. Lee. The article was published in National Geographic (March 29,
2014). Discussing the ability of marine mammals in the military.
Quotes:

 A 2011 media demonstration in San Diego Bay, California, featured a former U.S. Navy SEAL
attempting to infiltrate the harbor with an unarmed mine. The Navy deployed dolphins and sea
lions to patrol the area, and both caught the diver on every one of his five attempts.
The U.S. Navy uses them to find and retrieve unarmed test ordnance like practice mines.
Both California sea lions and bottlenose dolphins are fairly hardy, smart, and very trainable"

3.

MLA:
Chandler, Cynthia K. Animal Assisted Therapy in Counseling. New York, NY: Routledge, 2012.
Print.

Summary:
Animal Assisted Therapy in counseling is a book to help teach mental health
practitioners to use AAT. It explains the history of AAT. It was observed that Clients may
receive healing nurturance and affection through physical contact with the therapy pet. The
books main focus is on how the incorporation of animals in therapy can be most beneficial to
people. Including facts of how a therapy pet during a session can relieve mental and physical
strains on a person. The use of the authors own pets are mention in the book. How she uses

them in her personal experience and to help patients. Discusses AAT in different types of
counseling such as behavioral, psychoanalytic, gestalt, etc.

Credibility:
Cynthia Chandler is a 2006 recipient for the Delta Society Beyond Limits award. She is
also the recipient of the Texas Counseling Association writer of the year award, and 2009
Association for Creativity in Counseling's Thelma Duffey Vision and Innovation Award. Chandler
received her doctorate in psychology from Texas Tech University. She also works as a full time
professor at University of North Texas counseling program. Dr. Chandler is a licensed
professional counselor and a licensed marriage and family therapist. The co-author of two books
(Contemporary Womens Health: Issues for Today and the Future, The Professional Counselor:
Portfolio). Having five books published.
Situation:
The publisher is Routledge; 2 edition (April 23, 2012). The Author is Cynthia Chandler.
Discussing the benefits of animal assisted therapy in counseling.
Quotes:
Sometimes we need comfort and affection to help us through tough times. We need a broad

support system. We need people to help us. And yes, sometimes we really need a dog. Or we
need a cat, or a horse, or some other animal to help us through out pain and to move us
toward a better place in our life.
Clients may be more motivated to attend and participate in therapy because of desire to

spend time with the therapy pet.

When we pet a therapy animal, not only are we experiencing an oxytocin release but so is the
animal. Petting is pleasurable for both humans and animals.
Pets are almost always happier to see us than our human companions are, rushing toward us
with a greeting that cannot help but make us smile.

4.
MLA:
Podberscek, Anthony L, Elizabeth S. Paul, and James Serpell. Companion Animals and Us:

Exploring the Relationships between People and Pets. Cambridge, UK:

Cambridge

University Press, 2000. Print.

Summary:
The authors asserts over the past three decades there has been a tremendous growth in
interest in the field of human-companion animal interactions and relationships. The book insists
The increased interest in human-pet relationships is not surprising considering that pets are
kept in at least half of the households in Western societies. The overall book discusses an
understanding of human-pet relationship. The motivation of keeping animals in ancient Greece
and Rome. The idea of hunting and attachment to dogs in the pre-modern period. Including
personality research on pets and their owners.
Credibility:
The three authors are Anthony Podberscek, Elizabeth Paul, and James Serpell.
Podberscek is a postdoctoral research associate in the department of clinical Veterinary
Medicine at the University of Cambridge. He is Editor-in-Chief of the journal Anthrozoos, a

council member of the International Society of Anthrozoology, and an editorial board member of
the Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science. Elizabeth is a Research Fellow in the
Department of Clinical Veterinary Science at the University of Bristol. She is on the editorial
board for the journals Anthrozoos and Society and Animals. Serpell is the Marie Moore
Associate Professor of Humane Ethics and Animal Welfare at the University of Pennsylvania. He
is the Secretary of the International Society for Anthrozoology, and has authored, edited or coedited several books, including Companion Animals in Society, Animals and Human Society,
The Domestic Dog, and In the Company of Animals.
Situation:
The Editors are Anthony Podberscek, Elizabeth Paul, and James Serpell. The book was
published by Cambridge University Press, 2000. Discussing the special relationships between
people and animals.
Quotes:
The domestic cat originated from Egypt where eventually household cats were regarded as

sacred.
It appears that if pets have a role to play in providing meat, this is paradoxically because they
are kept alive.
A Cashinahua story, for instance, describes the fate of a hunter stuck in the trees and saved
from being slaughtered by birds only because their leader happened to be his former pet.

5.
MLA:
Becker, Karen, Dr. "Ten Reasons Why It's Good to Get Fish as Pets." Mercola.com. Healthy
Pets, 3 Mar. 2011. Web. 20 Mar. 2016.

Summary:
The article describes a study conducted by the Pet Food Manufacturers Association
(PFMA). How sixteen percent of pet owners own fish. The article stated Fish demand has
increased by 17% over the last three years, according to the PFMA, with 12 million pet fish living
indoors and another 18 million currently living in garden ponds. Describes why fish make better
pets for people who do not have the space or time to devote to a more maintenance companion
animal.
Credibility:
Dr. Beckers education includes attending University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
majoring in Wildlife and International Resource Management, 1989. Then, International
Veterinary Acupuncture Society's certification course in Houston, TX, 1996. Attending Iowa
State School of Veterinary Medicine, 1997. Continuing education in exotic animal internship in
California, 1997 and Academy of Veterinary Homeopathy's certification course in Virginia, 1998.
Dr. Becker also founded the Covenant Wildlife Rehabilitation Center in 2002.
Situation: The author is Dr. Karen Becker. The article was published on healthypet.mercola.com
on March 03, 2011. Discussing the facts of fish ownership and the increase in ownership.
Quotes:

 Fish are known to have a tranquil, calming effect on anyone who watches them glide serenely
through the water.
Fish come in an infinite variety of sizes, shapes and stunning, vibrant colors.
Some types of fish interact with their owners, are playful, and can even be trained to do
tricks.

6.
MLA:
Viegas, Jennifer. "Cooperative Dolphins Help Fishermen Catch Fish : DNews." DNews.
Discovery, 02 May 2012. Web. 27 Mar. 2016.

Summary:
Essentially the article believes dolphins in Laguna, Brazil helped fisherman catch their
prey. The dolphins were not formally trained by humans. They round up fish and then signal the
fisherman to where and when nets should be thrown at the fish. This shows high cooperation
and social skills in dolphins. A study on the dolphins, published in the latest Royal Society
Biology Letters, has found that the most helpful ones also turn out to be particularly cooperative
and social with each other, perhaps explaining why some wild dolphins decide of their own free
will to work with humans, while others do not. This creates a mutual beneficial relationship
between dolphins and humans. The fish that escape the nets of the fisherman usually run right
to the mouth of a waiting dolphin.
Credibility:
One of the first reports for Discovery News. Ms. Viegas education includes attending
Wellesley College with Bachelor of Arts and a Honors in English, University of California at
Berkeley (coursework in the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources). She has
professional memberships in Animal Behavior Society, American Association for the
Advancement of Science, National Association of Science Writers, Science and Natural History
Producers.
Situation:

The article was written by Jennifer Viegas. Published on Discovery News (May 02,
2012). Discussing the activities of Brazilian dolphins interacting with fisherman.
Quotes:
The scientists suspect that "ecology, genetics and social learning" could be driving and

maintaining the wild dolphin subset's unique relationship with humans.

The human side of this dolphin-fishermen interaction is maintained through inter-generational
information transfer, that is, teaching by elders
"Through highly synchronized behavior with humans, cooperative dolphins in Laguna drive
mullet schools towards a line of fishermen and signal"

7.
MLA:
Esposito, Layla, Sandra McCune, James A. Griffin, and Valerie Maholmes. "Directions in
Human-Animal Interaction Research: Child Development, Health, and

Therapeutic

Interventions." Child Development Perspectives. 5.3 (2011): 205-211.

Print.

Summary:
The article emphasizes that It has been documented that pets offer a source of
emotional support to children. Stating research on observations of actual interactions between
children and pets. In the study having interviews with the children and learning their attitudes
and beliefs regarding animals. Looking at long-term affects of children developing problems in

social, emotional, and cognitive development. Discussing development on children and their
health and safety with pets. Trying to determine the physiological changes in people when in the
presence of a pet.
Credibility:
The main author was Layla Esposito. Layla Esposito, Ph.D., M.A., is a program director
in the Child Development and Behavior. Her research writings includes social and emotional
development in children and adolescents, child and family processes, human-animal interaction,
and childhood obesity. Dr. Esposito completed her Ph.D. in social psychology and master's
degree in clinical psychology at Virginia Commonwealth University.
Situation:
The article was written by Layla Esposito and other associates. Published on Wiley
online library in September 2011. Describing case studies with the interaction of children and
pets.
Quotes:
It was noted that major developmental changes in how children interact with pets are

generally parallel to the developmental changes in interaction patterns that children have with
familiar humans
Animals are being used in a variety of settings to help children with behavioral and emotional
problems, including adolescents in correctional facilities.
Research has clearly linked animal abuse with domestic violence: More than half of the

women in shelters report that their abusers hurt or killed animals, and abusers themselves
also report such behavior