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1) a) 3 types of skeletons in
animals
-exoskeleton example insects
-endoskeleton example
human
Hydrostatic skeleton example
earthworm
b) p-ribs
q-sternum
c) to enclose and protects
the spinal cord
-gives support to the head
-serves as a point of
attachment for the ribs, pelvis
girdle
ii) cervical, lumbar, thoracic,
sacral, coccyx

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2)x- neural canal
y-centrum
z- transverse process
ii) allows blood vessels and
nerve to pass
b) P= sacrum
Q=coccyx
c)to absorb vertical shock
d)it is lumbar vertebra
- the largest and strongest
vertebrae
-the transverse process are
short and thick
- have a large centrum to
bear weight of the upper body

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x- articulating surface

w- neural spine
y- neural arch
z- transverse process
b) w-allow attachment of
muscle and ligament
x-protects surface which
articulates with the next
vertebrae
y- protects the spinal cord
z- allow attachment of muscle
and ligament
c)thoracic vertebrae

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x= scapula
y= humerus
z-ulna

p-triceps
q-biseps
2)
V=cervical vertebrae
W= thoracic vertebrae
X= lumbar vertebrae
Y= sacrum
Z = coccyx