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PLC 1 PDF
PLC 1 PDF
Basics of
PLCs
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Table of Contents
Introduction ..............................................................................2
PLCs .........................................................................................4
Number Systems ......................................................................8
Terminology ............................................................................ 14
Basic Requirements ................................................................23
S7-200 Micro PLCs .................................................................28
Connecting External Devices ..................................................39
Programming a PLC ................................................................41
Discrete Inputs/Outputs .........................................................49
Analog Inputs and Outputs .....................................................61
Timers .....................................................................................64
Counters ................................................................................. 71
High-Speed Instructions .........................................................75
Specialized Expansion Modules .............................................78
Review Answers .....................................................................84
Final Exam ..............................................................................85
Introduction
PLCs
Drive Motors
Pumps
Lights
Photo Sensors
Pushbutton
Switches
Motor Starter
(Actuator)
Output
Motor
PLC
Input
Start/Stop Pushbuttons
(Sensors)
Hard-Wired Control
L1
460 VAC L2
L3
OL T1
OL T2
OL T3
Motor
OL
M
1
CR
24 VAC
Stop
Start
CR
2
CR
Advantages of PLCs
Siemens PLCs
S7-200
Number Systems
Binary System
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
10
1, 10, 100, 1000, ...
0, 1
2
Powers of base 2 (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, ...)
Converting Binary
to Decimal
In the following example, the fourth and fifth columns from the
right contain a 1. The decimal value of the fourth column from
the right is 8, and the decimal value of the fifth column from
the right is 16. The decimal equivalent of this binary number is
24. The sum of all the weighted columns that contain a 1 is the
decimal number that the PLC has stored.
In the following example the fourth and sixth columns from the
right contain a 1. The decimal value of the fourth column from
the right is 8, and the decimal value of the sixth column from
the right is 32. The decimal equivalent of this binary number is
40.
Each binary piece of data is a bit. Eight bits make up one byte.
Two bytes, or 16 bits, make up one word.
Logic 0, Logic 1
BCD
10
Hexadecimal
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F
16
Powers of base 16 (1, 16, 256, 4096 ...)
The ten digits of the decimal system are used for the first ten
digits of the hexadecimal system. The first six letters of the
alphabet are used for the remaining six digits.
A = 10
B = 11
C = 12
D = 13
E = 14
F = 15
16 = 1
1
16 = 16
B = 11
11
Conversion of Numbers
12
Review 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
____________
BCD
____________
Hexadecimal
____________
13
Terminology
Actuators
PLC
Output 1
Motor
Motor Starter
(Actuator)
14
Discrete Input
15
Analog Inputs
Discrete Outputs
16
Analog Outputs
CPU
17
Programming
Ladder Logic
STEP 2000
Basics of
Control
Components
18
19
PLC Scan
Software
Hardware
20
Memory Size
RAM
ROM
EPROM
Firmware
21
Putting it Together
22