Arduino Programming

Part 1
EAS 199A, Fall 2010, Lecture 5
Gerald Recktenwald
Portland State University
gerry@me.pdx.edu

Overview
Discuss details, now that you had a taste
Arduino Environment
Basic code components

Two required functions: startup() and loop()

Variables
Calling built-in functions

Arduino Programming: EAS 199A

References
These notes borrow from

Arduino web site

http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/Environment
http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/HomePage

Adafruit tutorial #1 and 2

http://www.ladyada.net/learn/arduino/lesson2.html

Leah Buechleys Introduction to Arduino

http://web.media.mit.edu/~leah/LilyPad/03_arduino_intro.html

Arduino Programming: EAS 199A

Basic Process
Design the circuit:

What are electrical requirements of the sensors or actuators?

Identify inputs (analog inputs)
Identify digital outputs

Write the code

Build incrementally
Get the simplest piece to work first
Add complexity and test at each stage
Save and Backup frequently

Use variables, not constants

Comment liberally

Arduino Programming: EAS 199A

Writing and Downloading Code

Write sketch on PC

Download sketch to Arduino

Arduino Programming: EAS 199A

Running Code While Tethered

Run sketch on Arduino
and send data back to PC

Arduino interacts
with its environment
A

Serial communication
back to host

Arduino Programming: EAS 199A

Running Code Stand-Alone

Run Arduino in stand alone mode

Arduino Programming: EAS 199A

Arduino interacts with

its environment and
runs on battery power

Arduino IDE

New sketch

Stop serial monitor

Verify/Compile

IDE =
Integrated
Development
Environment

Open sketch
Save sketch
Upload sketch
Open Serial monitor

Tab
controls

http://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/Environment

Code pane

Message pane
Arduino Programming: EAS 199A

Arduino IDE
New sketch

Stop serial monitor

Verify/Compile

Open sketch
Save sketch
Upload sketch
Open Serial monitor

Tab
controls

http://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/Environment
Arduino Programming: EAS 199A

Arduino Web Site References

Overview of the development environment

http://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/Environment

Language reference

http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/HomePage

Code tutorials

http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/HomePage

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Code Structure: Header

Header provides information.

Later, it will also contain code

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Code Structure: setup function

setup function is executed

only once at the start

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Code Structure: loop function

loop function is
repeated indefinitely

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Code

pinMode(13, Output)

prepare pin 13 for

outputs of voltage

Digital I/O Functions:

pinMode
digitalWrite
digitalRead
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Code

digitalWrite(13, HIGH)

Sets pin 13 to voltage

that means on

Digital I/O Functions:

pinMode
digitalWrite
digitalRead
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Code

delay(1000);

tells microcontroller to do
nothing for 1000 ms = 1 s

Digital I/O Functions:

pinMode
digitalWrite
digitalRead
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Code

digitalWrite(13, LOW)

Sets pin 13 to voltage

that means off

Digital I/O Functions:

pinMode
digitalWrite
digitalRead
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Arduino Variable Types

int

Integer values: 1, 2, 3, -4, 7234

float
double

Values with non-zero fractional part, 7 digits

Currently the same as a float. Normally a
double stores values with non-zero fractional
part, 15 digits

char

Character values: a, b, D, 1

boolean

True or false values

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Using variables and functions

Assigning values:

Defines the variable name as red_LED_pin

int red_LED_pin = 5;
Defines the variable type as an integer
Uses the value stored in red_LED_pin

pinMode( red_LED_pin, OUTPUT );

calls the function named pinMode
HIGH and OUTPUT are pre-defined constants

digitalWrite( red_LED_pin, HIGH );

calls the function named digitalWrite

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