2003-0428 1420 DEUTSCHE NORM August 1997 Founcing DIN Grey cast iron DIN English version of DIN EN 1561 EN 1561 | —— es 77,080.10 Supersedes DIN 1691 and Suppl 1 to OIN 1604 Descnptors: Grey cast iron, May 1985 editions, ang DIN S009, pnt 1369, GisBereiwosen ~ GuBelsen mit Lamettengraphit edition European Standard EN 1561: 1997 has the status of a DIN Standard. A-comina is used as the docimat marker. National foreword ‘This standard has beon prepared by CEN/TG 190. ‘The responsible German body involved In its preparation was the Normenausschul? GieBerelwesen (Found Practice Stancarés Committee}, Technical Committee Graugud. For ease of reference. a National Annex is provided ‘correlated with these previously used in Germany. af In which the material grades spacitied in this standard are ‘Amendments DIN 489% ang Supploment 1 to DIN 1691, May 1985 editions, and DIN 60109, April 1989 edition, have been superseded Dy the specications of EN 156) Previous editions DIN OVMa 103: 1993-09; DIN 1891: 1828-04, 1929-08, 1989-07, 1942-08, 19494-11, 1964-06, 1985-05; ‘Supol to DIN 1691: 1984-08; Suppl 1 to DIN 1691: 1965-08; DIN S0108: 1947-01, 1950-19, 1909-0" Din 50109: 1947-01, 1950-10, 1962-02, 1968-03, 1988-04 Continued overt EN comprises 19 pages, — 2, oat of is staid ey De raid witout ep paar ch Ref. No. DIN EN 1561: 1997.08 Bach org mh ts Oona Geran Sats DW Nome Pe eae ret aePage2 DINEN 1561:1997-08, National Annex NA List of ory east ron graces used in this stander correlated with those uses previously in DIN 1604 eagnation nen OW 1691 Designation as OW EN 1561 symbot Hatori nunbor symbot___| Matar number ceo asoro ENGI 100 erst sor0 eos oot ENGI T9 ene s1020 ee GG-20 0.6020 EN-GJL- 200 EN-JL1030 a2 sas exer EN ILIO80 600 asoa0 exaiL-aco ENILI060 GG-35, 0.6035 EN-GJL-350_ ~~ ENAIL1080 : 65088 ooo EGIL HaTGS B20 ea70K8 osorr ENGILHOTTS ereiL2020 aG-190 48 05022 EN-GIL-HBT95 EN-JL2000 G20 ceoa? encinee15 exatzo0 ea200r8 ose ereGunaeas enaL2050 GG-260 HB 0.6037 2 EN-GJL-HB255_ EN-JL2060 UF] a1 2005-0620 1620 orm” omni Bosth- Dsa é EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1561 NORME EURQPEENNE EUROPAISCHE NORM June 1997 les 77.140.80 Descriptors: Gray cast iron. English version Founcing Grey cast iron Fonderie ~ Fonte & grapnite lameliaive GieBoreiesen ~ GuBeisen mit ameltongraphit ‘This European Standard was approved by GEN on 1997-05-02. CEN mombers are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations whieh ‘stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of anational standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical terances concerning such national standards may be ‘obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN membs ‘The European Standarcs axst in three official versions (English, Franch, German). Aversion in any otner language made by translation under tho responsiblity of a CEN member into Ite owa language and notified to the Cental Secrotariat has the same status as the offcia! versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, olgium, the Czech Republic Denmark, Finland, Franea, Germany, Greece, loolans, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, # \Notherlands, Norway, Pertugal, Span, Swoden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom, CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Européen de Normalisation Europaisches Komitee fir Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels © 1097, CEN ~ AA rights of exploitation in any form and by any means Ff, No, EN 1561: 1997 © resorvad worldwide for CEN national mamersPage 2 EN'561:1997 Contents Page Page Foreword eo : 2 82 Tensilo test : 8.3 Hordness tosis. -- eee ceeeee 11 Towoihlotion” osc Seeeee tec ras 8 9 Festmathods es eeee eevee 1 Scope. esse ceececeses @ BA Tensile tont ae on 9:2 Brine hardnoss test... +... 18 2 Normative references 4 10 Rotosts . 13 3 Definitions vo... eee 4 3.1 grey castiton see eeeee 4 Annex A {informativel Additional information 3.2 tolative hardness 4 ‘on mechanical and physical properties 13.3. tolovant wall thickness 4 to that given in Yand 2 14 4 Designation 4 ‘Annex B (informative) Additional information 8 Order information 5 ‘on the relationship between hardness ‘and tensile strength... 2256 6 Manufacture 5 ‘Annex C (informative) Additional information 7 Requirements : 5 fon the relationship betwoun tensile 7.1. Mechanical properties «+. +++ 8 strength, hardness and wall 7.2 Tensile properties _ 5 thickness of gray iron castings <-.. 17 7.3 Hardness properties < ++. Z ‘Annex D finformative) Bibliography ...---. 19 8 Sempling 8 8.1 General... 0 Foreword ‘This European Standard has been pre secretariat of which is held by DIN. fed by Technical Committee CEN/TC 190 “Foundry technology”, the “This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text cr by endorsement, at the latest by Dacember 1997, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn ot the latest by December 1897. Within its programme of work, Technical Committee CEN/TC 190 requested CEN/TC 190/WG 2.10 “Grey cast iron" to prepare the following standard: EN 1561 Founding ~ Grey cast irons According to the CENICENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following Countries ate bound to implement this European Standard: Austr, Belgium, Czach Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Swedes ‘Switzerland and the United Kingdom.Page 3 s EN 1901:1097 Introduction Grey cast iron is a casting alloy, iron and carbon based, the latter element being present mainly in the form of lamellar graphite particle ‘The properties of grey cast iron depend on the form ahd distribution of the graphite and the structure of the matrix. ‘This European Standard deals with the classification of gray cast iron in accordance with the mechanical properties of the material, either tensile strength or hardness. Further technical data on grey cast irons are given in annexes A to C. Annex A (informative) contains “Additional information on tables 1 and 2". chanical and physical properties in addition to ‘Annex B (informative) contains “Additional information on’ the 1 strength". tionship between hardness and tensile Annex C (informative) contains “Additional information on the relationship between tensile strength, hardness ‘and section thickness of grey iron castings". NOTE: This standard does not caver technical delivery conditions for grey iron castings. Reference should be made to EN 1559-1 and EN 1559-3. 1 Scope ‘This European Standard specifies the propertias of unalloyed and low-alloyed grey cast iron used for castings, which have been manufactured in sand moulds or in moulds with comparable thermal behaviour. ‘This standard specif fies the characterizing properties of grey cast iron by either a) the tensile strength of separately cast samples, or if agraed by the manufacturer and the purchaser by the time of acceptance of the order, of cast-on samples or samples cut from a casting (see table 1; b) if agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser by the time of acceptance of the order, the hardness of the material measured on castings (see table 2) or on @ cast-on knob, This European Standard does not apply to grey cast iron used for pipes and fittings according to prEN 877-1. ‘This European Standard specifies six grey cast irons accerding to the tensile strongth (see table 1) and six grey ‘cast irons according to the Brinoll hardnoss (see table 2). UF ese |ewrnloed BeuthDrle PublicaceesTeeneas KUNG EDIBO4OLIM 27 Page 4 EN'1501:1997 2 Normative references Standard incorporates by dated o- undated reference, provisions from other publications. These ferences are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amandment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of ‘he publication referrad ro appties. EN 1559-1 Founding ~ Technical conditions of delivery ~ Part 1: General EN 1859-3 Founding ~ Technical conditions of delivery ~ Part 3: Additional requirements for icon castings EN 1002-1 Matallic materials ~ Tensile testing ~ Part 1: Method of test (at ambient temperature) EN 10003-1 Motallic materials ~ Brinell hardness test ~ Pert 1; Test method NOTE: Informative references used in the preparation of this standard, and cited at the appropriate places in the text, are listed in a bibliography, see annex D. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply: 1 grey cast iron lron-carbon cast material in which the ‘carbon is present as graphite, mainly in lamellar form {tiake graphite). NOTE: Graphite form and distribution are specified in EN ISO 945. 3.2 relative hardness Quotient of measured hardness to the hardness calculated fram the moasurad tensile strength by means of an ‘empirical relationship (also referred to as RH). NOTE: RH is influenced mainly by the raw materials, the melting process and the metallurgic method and usually varies betwoen 0,8 and 1,2. 3.3 rolovant wall thickness ‘Wall thickness for which the mechanical properties apply. NOTE: The relevant wall thickness is twice the modulus or twice the volumeisurtace area ratio. 4 Designation ‘The material shell be designated either by symbol or by number as given in either table 1 or table 2.Page 5 en 15611897 5 Order information The following information shall be supplied by the purcheser: a) the number of this European Standard (EN 1561; b) the designation of the material; €] any special requirements which have to be agreed by the time of acceptance of the order (see EN 1559-1 and EN 1559-3} 6 Manufacture ‘The method of manufacturing of grey cast iron and its chemical composition shall beteft to the discretion of the manufacturer, who shall ensure that the requirements defined in this standard aro met for the material grace specitied in the order. NOTE: For grey cast iron to be used in special applications, the chemical composition and heat treatment may be the subject of an agreament between the manufacturer and the purchaser by the time of acceptance of the order. 7 Requirements 7.1. Mechanical properties In addition to EN 1859-1 and EN 1589-3 the order should specify in an unambiguous manner as to whether the tensile strength measured on separately cast samples or the Brinell hardness measured on the casting is the characterizing property. If it does not do so, then the manufacturer shall cl tensile strength. Tho characterizing property shall be checked only when this has been agreed by the time of acceptance of the aoosaee 120 strength when measured in accordance with 9.1 using test pieces machined from separately cast samples shall be in accordance with the requirements of table 1 7.2.2 Test pieces machined from east-on sampl ‘The tensile properties of test pisces machined from cast-on samples for the six gray cast irons defined by tensile strength shall be in accordance with the requirements of table 1 7.2.3: Test pioc cut from a casting i i i Hf applicable, the tensile properties of test pieces cut from a casting for the six grey cast irons defined by tensile strength shall be agroed between the manufacturer and the purchaser by the time of acceptance of the order and these tensile properties shall be in accordance with the requirements in the agreement. oaniond-Beuth-bvte Puz Page 6 EN 1563:1997 ‘Table 1: Tencile strength of grey cast irons ‘Material designation Relevant wall Tait strength Ra) mandatory values Janticipated values in casding!) in soparately | in cast-on cast ‘sample sample?) mm Nimnm? Nim? Nim? ‘Symbol | Number over Up to and including in a. [ERCI- TOO [EN ITOTO [BY 20S BOOT = eel e = Te0 5 10 - 156 10 20 eI 130 EN-GJL-180 | ENvLI0z0 | — 20, 40 |180%0 2807] 120 10.4 40 80 110 95 80 150 400, 80 150, 300 80% = ZOT = 30 5 10 = 205 10 20 = 380 EN-GJL-200 | EN-L1030 | 20 40 |200t0300%| 170 155 40 80 160 130 80 160 140, 115 180 300 130% oT 0 = (a 80 10 20 - 225 20, 40 {210 196 EN-GiL-260 | ENLio4o | 20 30 (| 260toas0%} 210 ive 80 150 170, 155 150 200 180% = TOT 20 = re 20 40 250 240 en-GJL-300 | eN-sL1050} 40. 80 |300%0400)| 220 210 80 150 210 196 180 300 tao, 3 TOT 70 = Tae | 20 40 230 280 EN-Gut-350 | EN-uLIoso | 40 80 |as0t0 450%! 260 250 80 150 230 228 150, 300 210%) = “VIF a cast-on sample is to be used the relevant wall thickness of the casting shall be agreed upon by the time of acceptance of the order. 3 If by the timo of acceptance of the order proving of the tensile strength has been agreed, the type of the Sample is also to be stated on the order (see 8.2). If there is lack of agreemont the type of sample is lett {0 the discretion of the manufacturer. *) For the purpose of acceptance the tensile strength of a given grade shall be between its nominal value n (position 8 of the material symbol} and (n+ 100) Nimm* “| This column gives guidance to the likely variation in tensile strength for different casting wall thick- nesses when @ casting of simple shape and uniform wall thickness is cest ina given grey cast iron ‘material. For castings of non-uniform wall thickness or castings containing cored holes, the table values a2 only an approximate guide to tha likely tensile strength in different sections, and casting design should be based on the measured tensile strength in ertical parts of the casting, {) These values are guide-iine values. They are nat mandatory. $) This value is included as the lower limit of the relovant wall thickness range. ”} The values relate to semples with en as-cast casting diameter of 30 mm, this corresponds to a relevant wall thickness of 18 mm. NOTE 1: 1 N/mm? is equivalent to 1 MPe. NOTE 2: For high damping capacity and thermal conductivity, EN-GJL-100 (EN-JL1010) is the most suitable mat NOTE 3: The material designation is in accordance with EN 1560. NOTE 4: The figures given in bold indicate the minimum tensile strangth to which the symbol of the grade Is related,Page 7 EN 15617597 7.3 Hardness proportios The Brineli hardness values of the six grey cast irons defined by hardness when measured in accordance with 9.2 shall be as givan in tabla 2. If itis not possible to use the Brinell tast method in accordance with EN 100031 alternative test methods may bbe used, which shall have correlated values with Brinell hardness. fa casting is ordered on the basis of hardness, the relavant wall thickness and the position of the test shall be ‘agroed upon by tho time of the acceptance of the ordor. The values given for wall thicknesses over 40 mm and up to and including 80 mm in table 2 against the various grades shall be mandatory hardness values for that wall thickness range. NOTE 1: This subciause establishes hardness grades for grey cast iron, NOTE 2: Thie classitic importance. jon is applicable principally where machinability or wear resistance are of NOTE 3: The hardness values given for smallar thickness ranges < 40 mm are anticipated values only. NOTE 4: For a relevant wall thickness above 80 mm, grades are not classified by hardness. ‘Table 2: Brinell hardnoss of castings of grey cast iron, ‘mandatory and anticipated values at the agreed test position ‘Material designation Rolavanit wall tHakness Banal hardness, mm HB 30) Symbol Number over up to and including i. ras les 30 = 785 20 40 - 160 EN-GJL-HB155 | EN-JL2010 40 20 - 170 5 10 - 185 2.5 5 = 210 Or 30 100 17 20 40 410 185 EN-GJLHB175 | EN-JL2020 10. 20 126 205 5 10 140 225 25 5 170 260 aor 80. 20 735 20, 40, 135, 210 EN-GJL-HB195 | EN-JL2030 10 20 150 230 5 40 170 260 4 5 190 275 AO 80 145 Ze 20 40 160 238 EN-GJLHB218 | EN-JLZ040 a oo a eee 5 10 200 278 207 80 165 235 EN-GJLHB235 | EN-JL2060 20 40 180 255 io 20 a 278 aOT 7, 8 235 EN-GJL-HB255 | EN-JL2060 oa ae ae Ge °| For each grade, Brinell hardness decreases with increasing wall thickness. 2) By agreement between the manufacturer end the purchaser a narrower hardness range may be adopted at the agreed position on the casting, provided that this is not less than 40 Brinell hardness units. An example of such a circumstance could be castings for long series production. 4) Reference relevant wall thickness for the grade NOTE 1: Information on the relationship between Brinell hardness and tensile strength is indicated in figure B.1 and the relationship between Brinell hardness and relevant wall thickness in figure C.2 of annexes B and C respectively. NOTE 2: The material designetion is in accordance with EN 1560. NOTE 3: The figures given in bold indicate the minimum and maximum Brinell hardness, to which the symbol of the grade is related and the corresponding reference relevant wall thickness range limits.Page 6 EN 1561:1997 8 Sampling 8.1 Genoral Samples shall be supplied in order to characterize the grade of the mat If hoat treatment is used to modify the properties of the material, then the samples shail be heat treated in the ‘samme way as the castings they represent. 8.2 Tensile test 8.2.1 Separately cast samples ‘The separately cast samples to establish the material grade sholl be cast vertically (see figure 1). The moulds shall bo either sand moulds or moulds with comparable thermal diffusivity. The moulds may be made for casting several samples simultaneously. : ‘Tho length £ shall be determined according to the longth of the test piece A or B (sea 9.1)'and the clamping device used. Other dimensions of the mould shall meet the dimensional requirements of figure 1 $5085 | i & | | 3] I i i T 1 i 1 i t 1 ' | | i I t \ 1 i La fe E 2 250_fe90 ol 250 All dimensions are given in millimetres Figure 1: Separately cast samples Samples of other dimensions and using other casting procedures may be agread between the manufacturer and ‘the purchaser for the purpose of representing the properties of particular castings (an indication of the likely values of tensile strength is given in figure C. 1). Samples shall bo made from the met pariod as when the castings are mad | used to produce the castings which they represent and during the same ‘The frequency of casting the separately cast samples shall be in accordance with the in-process quality assurance procedures adopted by the manufacturer. ‘The samples shall be stripped from the mould at @ temperature not exceeding 500 *C. NOTE: However, the samplas may by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser be taken from their moulds at a temperature in excess of 600 *C, if the castings are also to be removed at temperature.onnloedeih-bvtePuseacoes TeenleerKae 64 89404UN276 Page 9 en 186171997, 8.2.2 Cast-on samples Tho test pieces used for the tests specified in clause 7 shall be machined from a cast-on sample, as indiceted in figures 2 or 3. The test pieces shall be in accordance with 7.2.2, The type of sample shall be chosen in euch 2 way as to provide approximately the same éeoling conditions as for the casting to be represented. The type of sample and the location of the sample on the casting shali be agreed betwean the manutaciurer and the purchaser. if there is no such agreement, the manufacturer shall decide on the type of sample and it shall be Jocated at a representative position on the casting. NOTE 1: Two possible sets of sizes are shown in figures 2 and 3, with the larger test piece size option being shown in brackets. The smalt size setis used for castings less than &O mm wall thickness and the large size set is used for castings equal to or greater than 80 mm wall thickness. ‘The length L shall be determined according to the length of the test piece and the clamping device. NOTE 2: Cast-on samples should only be used when a casting is more than 20 mm thick and the mass is more than 200 kg. 8.2.3 Tost pleces cut from » casting Table 1 shows anticipated minimum values of tensile strength for test pieces cut from a casting with uniform section of simple shape. NOTE: Values obtained in castings of variable wall thickness can differ from those given in table 1eninoadBeuh-OrulePuticacows Tecnica Ka e846 2 Page 70 EN 1864-1997 5025, a + a #30 (050) 9 3025 4 4 [Al dimensions are given in milimetres Al dimensions are given in mitimetres NOTE: For significance of figures in brackets NOTE: For eigifcanco of figures in brackets 300 8.2.2. 590 8.2.2. Figure 2: Cast-on sample: Type 1 Fi-aoos0029 4620 “own euth-rals Pubic aeons Yosnas-KONe SUMDOLINETE orm’ 8.3 Hardness test Hardness tests may be carried out on the separately cast samples described in 8.2.1. Page 11 EN 15811997 Alternatively, the Brinell hardness test may be carried out, by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser, on a test piece ("Brinell knob") which is cast on to the casting as shown in figure 4, The position of the Brinell knob, and its size and shape, shall be agreed between the manufacturer and purchaser by the time of acceptance of the order. In order to carry out the Brinell hardness test, the test piec surface and then tested on the ground surface, =030 30 al 2) surface of casting All dimensions are given in milimetres Figure 4: Exampie of a Brinell knob is removed from the casting, ground on the cut [UF] 11 the casting is heat-treated, the Brinell knob shall not be detached from the casting until the heat-treatment process has been concluded. 9 Test methods 9.1 Tensile test ‘The tensile test shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of EN 10002-1, using a test piace in conformance either with figure § or figure 6. ‘The dimensions of the test piece shall conform to the dimensions given in table 3. The gripped parts may be ther threaded or plain to suit the clamping device.i : j Page 12 EN "561 :1997 a) threaded b) plain a) threaded ) plain Figure 6: Test piece A. Figure 6: Test piece 8 NOTE: For the same material, the results achieved using test piece A (symbols table 3) can be slightly higher than those achieved by using test piece B. “oble 8: Dimansions of tot plades A and B Valuos in mlimetes Diameror ¢ | Tmend.tvPe ter | sivaasiangth | olametar a for | TURE et | Text piece 8 i facolt ml plain onda) | flee A. | aval iongth 2 SEO TA70 73 a a Te S207 MT TS 10 BS re TO_=f0T MIS 0 7 SF 30, 12,540, M20 + 7 7 365 1620.1 Mae ao 20 er a5 20 0,7 M30 36 1s Tz 60, 25 20,1 Mae Loy Eo 15 75 32_ 20,1 Mae oe a0 Tas Eg |) The cross-sectional aree S, shall be calculated. *) Recommended dimensions. NOTE 1: L, > Ly, to suit clamping device. 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Uo oweuozU! uONIpPY EN'1361: 1997 (ennewioju y xeuuy2005-04-28 14:20 i 3 Page 13 EN 1661 :1997 9.2 Brinell hardness test ‘The Brinell hardness test, if required, shail be carried out at an age with the requirements of EN 1003-1 1d position on the casting in aceordenco 10 Retests ‘The test shall be disregarded if unacceptable results are obtained which are due not to the quality of the cast iron itself, but to any of the following reasons: 1a] faulty mounting of the test place or defective operation of the testing machine: ) detéctive sample or machining of the test piece; cl casting detects in the test piece, revealed after fracture. In the above cases, a new test piace shall be takan from the samme test unit and the results obtained sub- stituted for those of the defective test piece, Should the tensile test fail to meet the specified minimum tensile strength requirements, other than for the reacons given above, two retests shall be carried out. It both retests pass, the material shall be desmed to conform to this European Standard, 11 one oF both retests fail to mest the specified minimum tensila strength requicement, the material shall be ‘deemed not to conform to this European Standard [UF | een esPage 15 EN 1951:1997 ‘844 pao 20U st (LOL TF-N3) OOL-1PD-N3 “#890014 uouneostaeay, suvaw Aq paujerqo (99 ue9 saxtiedoid pounbas ayy “posn 5! (OL0L7P-NJ) OOL-1PD-Na Uayp ‘sojadosd atteuseWs 10 Ayliqeulyoeul o2 ads 218 BJ04) LOM (, (9) (91 000 € 91 008 z we eae We sassoy s1sas01SAyh [19 ‘066 010% wi # ‘Aqeewod waunxeyy 01.095 | wry . ‘Aunaio05 | ig'0 ovo £20 ways» ay @ ‘AUARSIS945 sy Oey s'te ae o'z Ove ogy i} sey ose s'ov sive o'r s'lp s'se sey S'8h ges 2. ooL ie be wa Auananpuios feuuau 2. OOF uw 9, oz uesaaq 2, 002 pur 9, oz uadazeq 9, 02+ uD 9. O01~ usamioq Woro4j}G00 uorsuRda reoury isl" s oy. wut Is ogy Pur 9. oz uaemiaq bts Oye 2 ‘Augedea yeay oyioad 9/6) 2 ‘Ausuag, tozovir-nal ost1roN3 | unig | poquas ‘onsim28i049 (g xeuue 905) toso1ir-nal seoussja: |_ose-rena | ooearoNa eaydex6onqg (oeoL IN|) 002-1°9:Na Joowep Buyseo yse0-se wi OF WIA £809) 809 Ajsresedas ul soradoad jootskug “2°y o1gei q : i Page 16 EN 1861: 1997 Annex B (informative) ~ ‘Additional information on tho relationship between hardness and tonsile strength Hardness and tensile strength as well as Young's modulus and the modulus of rigidity of grey cast iron of a See ang are approximately related to each other. In most cases, an increase in the value of one property ‘apults io an increase in the values of other properties 171 to 19] (see annex DI. The following emenon lationship between hardness and tensile strength exists: he HB HX (ASBXR,) Commonly accepted values for the constants a A = 100, B = 0,44 (10), 111) ba The factor RH is called relative hardnoss. This parameter has been found to very between 0,8 and 1,2. Because of she variation in relative hardness itis dtficuk to give datinitive limits in a standard for both tensite strength and hardness (see figure B.1), More details concerning RH are discussed in literature [10] to 1171 isee ennen DT ‘The factor RH is Influenced mainly by the raw materials, the molting process and the metallurgical working method. Within one foundry these influences can be maintained nearly constant, The mancfecturcr coy therefore indicate both hardness and the corresponding tensile strength. 350 300] 250 al 200 150 100 100 200 300 too bb 4} Brinell hardness, HB b) Tensile strength Bq, Nimm? ©} Relative hardness, RH NOTE: 1 Nimm? is equivalent to 1 MPa, Figure B.1: Relationship between Brinell hardness and tensile strength of grey cast ironPage 17 eN 156171997 Annex [informative) A Additional information on the relationship between tensile strength, hardnoss and wall thicknoss of grey iron castings z Figure C.1 provides additional general information on the expected relationship between minimum tensile strength and relevant wall thickness. Figure C.2 provides information on average Erinell hardness and relevant wall thickness of castings. Not all castings can be produced in any material hardness grade given in table 2 for any relevant wall thickness, and this is reflected in figure C.2. To meet the requirements of any herdness range, more than ene material ‘grade can be used, depending on the relevant wall thickness involved. ‘This illustrates the importance of reaching an agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser on the specification of the hardness required in castings and also the location where a hardness test should be carried 350 300} 250 | + EN-GJL-350 ' ee EN-GJL-300 200 al a Se ™ | en-cut-250 + 150 a EN-GJL-200 an EN-GJL-150 30 2g es Ae ae kon Ree e880 a) Tensile strength Ry Nimm? b) Relevant wall thickness, mm NOTE: 1 Nimm? is equivalent to 1 MPa. Figure C.1: Examples of relationship between minimum values of the tensile strength ‘and the relavant wall thickness of simple shaped castingsPage 18 Ente 1007 : EN-GJL-HB255 200 { EN-GJL-HB235 { al P| EN-GJL-HB215 a | EN-GJL-HB195 P| oe EN-GJL-HB175 P| ence He1s5 c | 1.5 5 0 70 to a0 — a) Brinell hardness HB 30 b) Relevam wall thickness, mm Figure C.2: Typical relationship between average values of the Brinell hardness ‘and the relavant wall thickness of simple shaped castings Publicacoes Tecnicas-KaNr.6918089-L1Nr 2,3 ® Page 19 e | EN 150177997 Annex D (informative) | J Bibliography In the preparation of this European Standard, use was made of a number of documents for reference purposes, ‘These informative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereatter. prEN 877-1 ‘Cast iron pipes and fittings, their joints and accessories for the evacuation of water from buildings ~ Part 1: Technical specifications EN 1560 Founding - Designation systom for cast iron ~ Material symbols and material numbers: EN ISO 946 Cast iron ~ Dabignation of microstructure of graphite (ISO 945 ; 1975] 11] Engineering data on grey cast irons - SI units. G..N. J. Gilbert. 2nd rev. ed. publ. British Cast hi Research Association. AlvachurchiBirmingham 1977 [21 Nechtelberger, E.: Osterreichisches Giessersi-Institut. Report A-No, 18 670. Looben 1973 [3] Hanchen, R.: Dauertestigkeitsbilder fUr Stahl und Gusseisen. Carl Hanser Verlag, Miinchen 1863 [4] Speidel, M. 0.: Z, Werkstofftechn, 12 (1981) No. 11, p. 387-402 [5] Angus, H. T.: Cast iron ~ Physical and engin . 2nd ed. London: Butterworths 1976 ring proper {6} Dietrich, H.: Giessersi, technisch-wissanschaftliche B fte, 14 (1962) No. 2, p. 79-91 (71 Collaud, A.: Giesst No. 15, p. 767-799 |, technisch-wissenschattliche Beihefte, 6 (1954) No, 14, p. 709-726; (1958) 18) Sy, A. de; Eeghem, J. van: Giesserei 7 (1980) No. 12, p. 315~323 [91 Weis, W.; Orths, K.: 34. Internationaler Giessereikongress. Paris 1967. Report No. 11; s90 also Giesserci forschung 21 (1868) No. 3, p. 113-124 [10] Mackenzie, J. T.: Foundry 74 (1946) No. 10, p. 88-93, 191, 194 [11] Patterson, W.: Glesserei 45 (1988) No. 14, p. 385-387 112] Patterson, W.; Dapp, A: Giesserei 47 (1960) No. 7, p. 175-180 113} Patterson, W.; Dapp, R.: Giesserei 60 (1973) No. 2, p. 32-39, 114) Dopp, R.: Giosserei 66 (1973) No. 2, p. 40-43, [15], Bauer, W.; Nechtelberger, E.: 88. International Foundry Congress Moskve 1988. Moskva 1988; see also Giosserei-Rundschau 35 (1988) No. 11/12, p. 10-15 [16] Motz, J. M.: Giesserei 69 (1982) No. 18. p. 485-492 (17) Motz, J. M. jesserei 74 (1987) No. 7, p. 214-221