You are on page 1of 14

Pr

opos
alt
oAl
l
owt
heI
nt
ak
eofRef
ugeesi
nt
ot
heUni
t
edSt
at
es
I
dent
i
f
y
i
ngBenef
i
t
sofI
nt
egr
at
i
onandSt
ak
ehol
der
s

Pr
epar
edf
ort
hec
i
t
i
z
enr
yoft
heUni
t
edSt
at
es

Pr
epar
edbyRy
anWebb,Dav
i
dGar
c
i
a,andWi
l
l
i
am Pot
t
s
Rut
ger
sUni
v
er
s
i
t
y-Camden
Tec
hni
c
alCommuni
c
at
i
ons
G
a
r
c
i
aP
o
t
t
sWe
b
b

Tabl
eofCont
ent
s
Abs
t
r
ac
t

I
nt
r
oduc
t
i
on

Met
hodol
ogy

Benef
i
t
s

Ec
onomi
cBoos
t
s

Ti
mi
ngConc
er
ns

St
ak
ehol
der
s

Ref
ugeeHi
s
t
or
y

Ref
ugeePr
ogr
ams

Ref
ugeeSc
r
eeni
ng

10

Conc
l
us
i
ons

11

Ref
er
enc
es

12
G
a
r
c
i
aP
o
t
t
sWe
b
b

Abs
t
r
ac
t

Thi
sr
ec
ommendat
i
onr
epor
twi
l
ls
howt
hatt
heUni
t
edSt
at
esi
st
he
r
es
our
c
esandabi
l
i
t
yt
opr
ov
i
def
ort
hepos
s
i
bi
l
i
t
yofr
es
et
t
l
i
ng1
0,
000
f
ut
ur
er
ef
ugeesbydi
s
pl
ay
i
ngt
hati
tal
r
eadyhast
her
es
our
c
esand
r
es
ear
c
hnec
es
s
ar
yt
oac
c
omodat
et
hem.
Des
c
r
i
pt
i
onsonpr
operi
nt
ak
ewi
l
lus
edat
af
r
om t
heFeder
alOf
f
i
c
eof
Ref
ugeeRes
et
t
l
ementt
opr
es
ent
shi
s
t
or
i
c
alac
c
ountoft
her
eadi
nes
s
t
hatt
heUShasal
r
eadys
howni
nr
ef
ugeei
nt
ak
eandac
c
omodat
i
on.

Thi
sr
epor
twi
l
lal
s
os
howc
onc
er
nedpar
t
i
est
hatmaybes
eek
i
ngt
ot
ak
e
adv
ant
ageoft
hebenef
i
t
sr
ef
ugeer
es
our
c
espr
ov
i
dewhats
t
ak
ehol
der
s
mus
ti
nv
es
ti
nr
ef
ugeei
nt
ak
e.I
nt
heend,t
hi
sr
epor
t

sgoali
st
o
educ
at
et
heAmer
i
c
anpubl
i
ct
hatr
ef
ugeei
nt
ak
ei
spos
s
i
bl
ei
nan
emper
i
c
all
i
ght
.

G
a
r
c
i
aP
o
t
t
sWe
b
b

I
nt
r
oduc
t
i
on

Eur
opei
si
nt
hemi
ds
tofaf
ul
l
bl
ownc
r
i
s
i
s
,at
t
empt
i
ngt
oac
c
ommodat
eas
ur
geofr
ef
ugeesdi
s
pl
ac
edami
ds
tt
hec
i
v
i
lwari
nSy
r
i
aand
t
hes
pr
eadofI
SI
Sc
ont
r
ol
l
edt
er
r
i
t
or
y
.I
nanat
t
emptt
ohel
pal
l
ev
i
at
e
t
hebur
denoft
hemi
gr
at
i
onc
r
i
s
i
s
,t
heUni
t
edSt
at
esc
ur
r
ent
l
ypl
anst
o
ac
c
ept1
0,
000addi
t
i
onalr
ef
ugees
.Thepur
pos
esoft
hi
sr
epor
ti
st
o
gr
antv
i
s
i
ont
ot
heUSc
i
t
i
z
enr
yands
t
ak
ehol
der
si
nt
heUni
t
edSt
at
es
whohav
ei
nt
er
es
t
sr
el
at
edt
ot
hes
er
ef
ugeesbyi
nf
or
mi
ngbot
habout
t
heempi
r
i
c
albenef
i
t
sofr
ef
ugeei
nt
ak
e,t
hes
t
at
egov
er
nment
st
hat
c
ans
howaneedf
ori
nv
ol
v
ementi
ni
nv
es
t
i
ngi
nr
ef
ugeei
nt
ak
e,and
whatpr
oc
es
s
esc
anhel
pr
ef
ugeesi
nt
egr
at
eandbec
omeapos
i
t
i
v
e
i
nf
l
uenc
ei
nt
heUS.

G
a
r
c
i
aP
o
t
t
sWe
b
b

Met
hodol
ogy
:I
nf
or
medRes
ear
c
h

Wehav
ec
ompi
l
edi
nf
or
mat
i
onf
r
om mul
t
i
pl
es
our
c
est
hati
nc
l
udet
he
Feder
alOf
f
i
c
eofRef
ugeeRes
et
t
l
ement
,i
nf
ogr
aphi
c
sf
r
om t
heWhi
t
e
Hous
eandt
heGer
manI
ns
t
i
t
ut
ef
orEc
onomi
cRes
ear
c
h,as
t
udyby
s
c
hol
arDr
.RogerZet
t
eroft
heOx
f
or
dRef
ugeeSt
udi
esCent
er
,and
s
t
udi
esc
onduc
t
edbyDr
.Kar
enJ
ac
obs
enofTuf
t
sUni
v
er
s
i
t
yi
nor
der
t
opr
es
entt
hebenef
i
t
s
,s
t
ages
,andi
nt
er
es
t
st
heUSmus
tc
ons
i
der
whendec
i
di
ngwhet
hert
obr
i
ngc
onf
l
i
c
tz
oner
ef
ugeesont
oUSs
oi
l
.
Kar
e
nJac
obs
e
nPhDi
sAc
t
i
ngDi
r
e
c
t
ora
tt
heTuf
t
s
I
nt
e
r
na
t
i
ona
lCe
n
t
e
rwhe
r
es
hea
l
s
ol
e
a
dst
he
Re
f
uge
e
sa
ndFor
c
e
dMi
gr
a
t
i
onPr
ogr
a
m.Shea
l
s
o
di
r
e
c
t
st
heRe
f
uge
e
sa
ndFor
c
e
dMi
gr
a
t
i
onPr
ogr
a
m.
Sheha
st
a
ughta
ndc
onduc
t
e
dr
e
s
e
a
r
c
hi
nt
hef
i
e
l
d
off
or
c
e
dmi
gr
a
t
i
onf
ort
we
nt
yye
a
r
s
,a
ndc
ons
ul
t
s
a
ndwr
i
t
e
swi
de
l
yont
hi
st
opi
c
.
Dr
.Roge
rZe
t
t
e
rwa
sa
nEme
r
i
t
usPr
of
e
s
s
orofRe
f
uge
e
St
udi
e
s
,
a
st
hef
our
t
hDi
r
e
c
t
oroft
heRe
f
uge
eSt
udi
e
sCe
nt
r
e
i
nSe
pt
e
mbe
r201
1.Hei
st
heFoundi
ngEdi
t
oroft
heJ
our
na
l
ofRe
f
uge
eSt
udi
e
s
,publ
i
s
he
dbyOxf
or
dUni
ve
r
s
i
t
yPr
e
s
s
.

G
a
r
c
i
aP
o
t
t
sWe
b
b

TheBenef
i
t
sofRef
ugeeI
nt
ak
e
Ta
ki
ngi
nr
e
f
uge
e
sof
f
e
r
sar
a
ngeofpos
s
i
bl
ebe
ne
f
i
t
sf
ort
hehos
tc
ount
r
y
.Ma
nyoft
h
e
s
e
be
ne
f
i
t
swe
r
eobs
e
r
ve
dbyDr
.J
a
c
obs
e
na
nds
hede
s
c
r
i
be
st
he
ma
s
r
e
f
uge
er
e
s
our
c
e
s
.

The
s
er
e
s
our
c
e
sc
a
nbet
a
ppe
di
fr
e
f
uge
e
sa
r
eha
ndl
e
da
ndi
nt
e
gr
a
t
e
dpr
ope
r
l
yi
nt
ot
he
i
r
l
oc
a
ls
e
c
t
or
s
.He
rr
e
s
e
a
r
c
hs
t
e
msf
r
omr
e
f
uge
ec
a
mpss
t
udi
e
di
nt
hee
a
r
l
y2000
si
nAf
r
i
c
a
a
ndhowt
hemi
c
r
of
i
na
nc
i
a
la
t
mos
phe
r
et
ha
tr
e
f
uge
e
sc
r
e
a
t
e
di
nt
he
i
rhos
tc
oun
t
r
i
e
sgr
e
w
t
ot
he
i
rhos
tna
t
i
ons
ga
i
n.

Ref
ugeeRes
our
c
es

+I
nc
r
e
as
e
dLaborPool
:
Al
a
r
ge
rpopul
a
t
i
onma
ke
sf
oradi
ve
r
s
ea
nduni
quel
a
borpoolt
oc
hoos
ef
r
om.Be
c
a
us
e
r
e
f
uge
e
sc
omef
r
omma
nydi
f
f
e
r
e
nts
ki
l
ll
e
ve
l
sa
nds
e
t
s
,t
he
ybr
i
ngpot
e
nt
i
a
lne
wbus
i
ne
s
s
ve
nt
ur
e
sa
ndpr
of
e
s
s
i
onst
ot
het
he
i
rhos
tna
t
i
on.
+I
mpr
ove
me
ntofPubl
i
cI
nf
r
as
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
:
Themove
me
ntofr
e
f
uge
e
swi
l
lmos
tl
i
ke
l
yi
nvol
ves
e
t
t
i
ngupc
a
mpsorus
i
ngc
ur
r
e
nt
l
y
i
mpove
r
i
s
he
da
r
e
a
st
oke
e
pc
os
t
sa
tami
ni
muma
tf
i
r
s
t
.Howe
ve
r
,t
he
s
epe
opl
e
swi
l
lne
e
d
ba
s
i
cne
c
e
s
s
i
t
i
e
si
nor
de
rt
ot
hr
i
ve
,a
ndt
he
i
rpr
e
s
e
nc
ewi
l
lc
a
l
lf
orl
oc
a
ll
e
a
de
r
st
os
t
e
pup
a
ndi
mpr
ovei
nf
r
a
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
ef
ort
hee
nt
i
r
ec
ommuni
t
y
.
+Pol
i
t
i
c
alLe
ve
r
age
:
Pr
ope
rhuma
ni
t
a
r
i
a
na
i
dmi
s
s
i
onspa
yof
fi
npol
i
t
i
c
s
.
Whe
nr
e
f
uge
e
s
l
e
a
veac
onf
l
i
c
ta
r
e
a
,i
twe
a
ke
nst
hes
t
a
t
et
he
ya
r
el
e
a
vi
ng.I
ft
ha
ts
t
a
t
ei
shos
t
i
l
et
oUS
i
nt
e
r
e
s
t
sort
ha
ts
t
a
t
ei
spl
i
a
bl
et
opol
i
t
i
c
a
ls
t
r
e
s
s
,t
he
nt
a
ki
ngont
hel
e
a
vi
ngpopul
a
c
ea
s
one

sownc
a
nbeus
e
da
sc
ur
r
e
nc
y
.
+I
nc
r
e
as
e
dFor
e
i
gnAi
d:
Ourpr
opos
a
lr
e
l
i
e
sonl
oc
a
l
,f
e
de
r
a
l
,a
ndf
or
e
i
gna
i
dt
oma
i
nt
a
i
ns
t
a
bi
ee
nvi
r
onme
nt
sf
or
r
e
f
uge
e
st
oma
ket
he
i
rne
whome
s
.
Ai
dus
ua
l
l
yc
ome
si
nt
wos
i
mpl
ef
or
ms
:c
a
s
ha
ndf
ood.
The
s
er
e
s
our
c
e
swi
l
lt
r
i
c
kl
ei
nt
ot
hel
oc
a
le
c
onomy
,t
husc
r
e
a
t
i
ngami
c
r
of
i
na
nc
i
a
le
nvi
r
onme
nt
.
+Me
di
aAt
t
e
nt
i
on:
Pr
ope
r
l
yc
onduc
t
e
dhuma
ni
t
a
r
i
a
nr
e
f
uge
emi
s
s
i
onsa
l
s
oi
nc
r
e
a
s
et
hel
i
ke
l
i
hoodofpos
i
t
i
ve
a
ppe
a
la
nda
ppr
ova
la
c
r
os
st
hegl
obe
.

G
a
r
c
i
aP
o
t
t
sWe
b
b

Ec
onomi
cBoos
t
s

TheGe
r
ma
nI
ns
t
i
t
ut
eofEc
onomi
cRe
s
e
a
r
c
hha
sc
onc
l
ude
dt
her
e
s
e
t
t
l
e
me
ntofr
e
f
uge
e
swi
l
l
a
l
wa
ysbe
ne
f
i
tt
hehos
tna
t
i
on.Us
i
ngas
a
mpl
epoolofa
bout1.
5mi
l
l
i
onr
e
f
uge
e
si
nGe
r
ma
ny
,
Fr
a
nkz
i
c
he
ra
ndJ
unke
rc
r
e
a
t
e
dmode
l
st
os
howt
hec
ont
r
a
s
t
i
ngi
mpa
c
t
sona
ne
c
onomy
t
ha
tc
hoos
e
st
ot
a
kei
nr
e
f
uge
e
s(
Fi
gur
e1)a
ga
i
ns
tonet
ha
tdoe
snot(
Fi
gur
e2)
.

Ec
onomi
cPr
oj
ec
t
i
ons
:

Fi
gur
e1di
s
pl
a
ysas
l
i
ght
l
ys
ha
r
pe
rr
i
s
ei
nGr
os
sDome
s
t
i
cPr
oduc
t(
GDP)whe
r
ea
s
Fi
gur
e2s
howsamuc
hs
l
owe
rr
i
s
eove
ra20ye
a
rpe
r
i
od.Eve
ni
nape
s
s
i
mi
s
t
i
cl
i
ght
,
r
e
f
uge
e
sc
a
nbr
i
ngwe
a
l
t
ht
oana
t
i
oni
nas
hor
ta
mountoft
i
me
.

G
a
r
c
i
aP
o
t
t
sWe
b
b

Ti
mi
ngConc
er
ns

TheFe
de
r
a
lOf
f
i
c
eofRe
f
uge
eRe
s
e
t
t
l
e
me
nt(
ORR)pr
ovi
de
sda
t
at
ha
tpr
ove
st
ha
ti
n2014,
al
a
r
genumbe
rofpr
ope
r
l
yr
e
s
e
t
t
l
e
dr
e
f
uge
e
sc
oul
dnotonl
ybehe
l
pe
d,butwe
r
ec
ons
i
de
r
e
d
s
e
l
fs
uf
f
i
c
i
e
n
twi
t
hi
n120da
ysofa
r
r
i
va
li
nt
ot
heUni
t
e
dSt
a
t
e
s
.
Wi
t
ht
hehe
l
pof
huma
ni
t
a
r
i
a
nor
ga
ni
z
a
t
i
onss
uc
ha
st
heI
nt
e
r
na
t
i
ona
lRe
s
c
ueCommi
t
t
e
e
,mor
et
ha
n50%
ofa
l
lr
e
f
uge
e
sr
e
s
e
t
t
l
e
di
nt
heUSwe
r
es
uc
c
e
s
s
f
uli
nf
i
ndi
ngahour
l
ywa
ge
s
,ot
he
r
e
mpl
oyme
nt
,a
swe
l
la
s
he
a
l
t
hc
a
r
e
.

ORR:Annual
Repor
tt
o
Congr
es
sFY2014
Page29

G
a
r
c
i
aP
o
t
t
sWe
b
b

WhoNeedst
oBeI
nv
ol
v
ed?

I
ti
si
mpor
t
a
ntt
onot
et
ha
tt
he
r
ei
snobl
a
nke
ts
ol
ut
i
ont
or
e
f
uge
ei
nt
a
kea
ndr
e
s
e
t
t
l
e
me
nt
.
Ea
c
hc
a
s
emus
tbec
ons
i
de
r
e
d.Howe
ve
r
,Roge
rZe
t
t
e
ri
ns
t
r
uc
t
sr
e
s
e
t
t
l
e
me
ntmove
me
n
t
s
t
ous
e4pr
i
ma
r
ys
t
a
ke
hol
de
r
si
nor
de
rt
oma
kei
nf
or
me
da
ndc
ompr
e
he
ns
i
vede
c
i
s
i
onswi
t
h
c
onf
i
de
nc
ea
nddi
l
i
ge
nc
e
.

4Pr
i
mar
ySt
ak
ehol
der
s
1)TheRe
f
uge
e
s-I
nf
or
ma
t
i
ona
bouta
ndi
nvol
ve
me
ntofr
e
f
uge
e
si
nt
hepr
oc
e
s
si
n
i
mpor
t
a
nt
.Notonl
ymus
tt
he
i
rhos
tna
t
i
ona
c
c
ountf
orwhe
r
et
he
ya
r
ec
omi
ngf
r
oma
nd
wha
tc
i
r
c
ums
t
a
nc
e
st
he
ya
r
eunde
r
,butt
her
e
f
uge
e
st
he
ms
e
l
ve
smus
tbei
nf
or
me
donwa
ys
t
he
yc
a
ngi
veba
c
kt
ot
hec
ommuni
t
yt
a
ki
ngt
he
mi
n.
2)TheHos
tNat
i
on-Thehos
tna
t
i
on,t
heUSi
nt
hi
sc
a
s
e
,mus
tbea
bl
et
oi
mpr
e
s
swha
ti
s
i
mpor
t
a
nti
nourc
ul
t
ur
et
or
e
f
uge
e
si
nor
de
rt
oma
ket
r
a
ns
i
t
i
ons
moot
h.I
ti
sa
l
s
oupt
ot
he
hos
tna
t
i
ont
or
e
a
c
houtt
ot
hehos
tc
ommuni
t
i
e
s
,t
hei
nt
e
r
na
t
i
ona
lc
ommuni
t
y
,a
ndout
s
i
de
huma
ni
t
a
r
i
a
na
i
da
ge
nc
i
e
st
oc
oor
di
na
t
ef
undi
ng,c
a
r
e
,
a
ndhous
i
ngf
orr
e
f
uge
e
s
.
3)TheLoc
alPopul
ac
e-Thepo
pul
a
t
i
onr
e
f
uge
e
swi
l
lbef
ol
di
ngi
nt
owi
l
lne
e
dt
opl
a
y
a
na
c
t
i
ver
ol
ei
nma
ki
ngr
e
f
uge
e
spa
r
toft
he
i
rc
ommuni
t
y
.Loc
a
l
swi
l
lbea
s
ke
dt
os
how
r
e
f
uge
e
showt
oc
onduc
tt
he
ms
e
l
ve
sa
nda
c
c
l
i
ma
t
et
ot
he
i
rs
ur
r
oundi
ngs
.Publ
i
cs
e
c
t
or
c
os
t
sma
ya
l
s
oa
ppl
yt
ot
hi
sc
ommuni
t
y
.
4)Humani
t
ar
i
anOr
gani
z
at
i
ons-Ama
j
or
i
t
yoff
undi
ng,hous
i
ng,a
ndot
he
rne
c
e
s
s
i
t
i
e
s
ne
e
de
dbyr
e
f
uge
e
ss
houl
dbef
ue
l
e
dbyt
hepa
r
t
ne
r
s
hi
pofmul
t
i
pl
ehuma
ni
t
a
r
i
a
na
ge
nc
i
e
s
a
ndt
heUSgove
r
nme
nt
.
The
s
ec
ombi
ne
de
nt
i
t
i
e
ss
houl
dbea
bl
et
ol
ooka
f
t
e
rt
hewi
de
va
r
i
e
t
yofne
e
ds
,e
s
pe
c
i
a
l
l
yt
hos
eout
s
i
deoff
ood,s
he
l
t
e
r
,a
ndf
undi
ngt
ha
twi
l
la
l
l
ow
r
e
f
uge
e
st
oa
c
t
ua
l
i
z
ei
nUSs
oc
i
e
t
i
e
s
.

G
a
r
c
i
aP
o
t
t
sWe
b
b

Ref
ugeeRes
et
t
l
ementHi
s
t
or
y
Af
r
e
que
nt
l
yi
gnor
e
df
a
c
ti
st
ha
tt
heUSha
sal
onghi
s
t
or
yoft
a
ki
ngi
nr
e
f
uge
e
sa
ndt
ha
t
10,
000mor
ei
smi
ni
s
c
ul
ec
ompa
r
e
dt
ot
henumbe
rt
ha
tha
vebe
e
nr
e
s
e
t
t
l
e
di
na
sofr
e
c
e
nt
.
Thet
a
bl
ebe
l
owf
r
omt
heORRpr
ovi
de
si
nf
or
ma
t
i
ononvol
umeofr
e
f
uge
e
sf
r
o
m2009t
o
2014a
ndt
het
ot
a
l
s
.

Mi
ddl
eEas
t
er
nRef
ugees

I
nf
a
c
t
,ne
a
r
l
yha
l
fofr
e
f
uge
e
sf
r
omt
hec
onf
l
i
c
ta
r
e
a
sc
ur
r
e
nt
l
yi
nque
s
t
i
onha
vea
l
r
e
a
dy
be
e
na
dmi
t
t
e
di
nt
ot
heUni
t
e
dSt
a
t
e
sa
f
t
e
rpr
ope
rs
c
r
e
e
ni
nga
st
hi
sORRt
a
bl
es
hows
.

G
a
r
c
i
aP
o
t
t
sWe
b
b

Pr
ogr
amsf
orRef
ugees

TheORRha
sal
i
t
a
t
nyofpr
ogr
a
msa
l
r
e
a
dyi
npl
a
c
ef
ori
nc
omi
ngr
e
f
uge
e
st
ha
ta
r
ede
s
i
gne
d
t
oa
i
dt
heva
r
i
ousne
e
dsa
ndi
s
s
ue
sr
e
f
uge
e
sma
ybr
i
ngwi
t
ht
he
m.Fr
omwa
r
z
one
sa
nd
huma
nt
r
a
f
f
i
c
ki
ngt
ouna
c
c
ompa
ni
e
dmi
nor
sa
ndl
a
ngua
gepr
ogr
a
ms
,t
heUSa
l
r
e
a
dyha
s
br
a
nc
he
sr
e
a
dyt
os
e
r
vet
hedi
ve
r
s
ec
ha
l
l
e
nge
sr
e
f
uge
e
swi
l
lf
a
c
eupone
nt
r
y
.Mos
t
i
mpor
t
a
nt
l
y
,mos
tUSs
t
a
t
e
sha
vegua
r
a
nt
e
e
dgr
a
nt
si
s
s
ue
dt
ot
he
mt
opr
ovi
def
ort
he
ne
c
e
s
s
i
t
i
e
soft
h
e
s
epr
ogr
a
ms
.
The
s
epr
ogr
a
msa
r
ede
s
i
gne
dt
ot
a
c
kl
epr
obl
e
msout
s
i
deoft
h
e
t
ha
ta
r
eof
t
e
nhi
dde
nbe
ne
a
t
ht
hes
ur
f
a
c
eoft
oda
y
sr
e
f
uge
er
he
t
or
i
c
.

Funded(
Gr
ant
dependent
)pr
ogr
amsi
nc
l
ude:
-I
ndi
v
i
dualDev
el
opmentAc
c
ountPr
ogr
ams
-TheMi
c
r
oent
er
pr
i
s
ePr
oj
ec
t
-Ref
ugeeAgr
i
c
ul
t
ur
alPar
t
ner
s
hi
psPr
ogr
am
-Pr
ef
er
r
edCommuni
t
i
esPr
ogr
am
-Et
hni
cSel
f
Hel
pPr
ogr
ams
-Ref
ugeeHeal
t
hPr
omot
i
on
-Ref
ugeeSc
hoolI
mpac
tPr
ogr
am
-Tor
t
ur
eSur
v
i
v
orPr
ogr
ams
-HumanTr
af
f
i
c
k
i
ngVi
c
t
i
msPr
ogr
ams
-Unac
c
ompani
edChi
l
dr
enPr
ogr
ams
-LegalSer
v
i
c
es

G
a
r
c
i
aP
o
t
t
sWe
b
b

Ref
ugeeSc
r
eeni
ng

Oneoft
hepr
i
ma
r
yc
o
nc
e
r
n
sf
o
rt
h
eUSi
swh
e
t
he
rt
h
ev
i
o
l
e
nc
ef
r
o
mt
h
ec
o
nf
l
i
c
tz
o
n
e
si
nq
ue
s
t
i
onma
y
f
i
ndi
t
swa
yon
t
oUSs
o
i
l
.
TheWhi
t
eHo
us
eh
a
si
s
s
u
e
dan
u
mb
e
ro
fpo
l
i
c
i
e
sr
e
g
a
r
di
ngt
hes
c
r
e
e
n
i
ngo
f
a
l
lr
e
f
ug
e
e
s
,
e
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
l
yt
h
o
s
ef
r
omt
hea
f
or
e
me
n
t
i
o
n
e
dz
on
e
s
,
i
ns
i
mpl
ei
n
f
og
r
a
p
h
i
c
s
.

TheWhi
t
eHous
eBl
og,2015

G
a
r
c
i
aP
o
t
t
sWe
b
b

1
0

Conc
l
us
i
ons

Ourf
i
ndi
ngsha
veunc
ove
r
e
dt
ha
tt
heUSi
smor
et
ha
nc
a
pa
bl
eoft
a
ki
ngont
he
t
a
s
kofr
e
f
uge
er
e
s
e
t
t
l
e
me
ntt
hr
oughs
t
a
bl
epr
ogr
a
ms
,t
heus
eofpoi
gna
nt
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h,a
ndahi
s
t
or
yofs
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ulr
e
f
uge
er
e
s
e
t
t
l
e
me
nta
nde
f
f
e
c
t
i
vepr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
a
l
r
e
a
dyi
npr
a
c
t
i
c
e
.
Thoughe
a
c
hs
i
t
ua
t
i
onmus
tbec
ons
i
de
r
e
donac
a
s
e
byc
a
s
e
ba
s
i
s
,t
heva
r
i
a
bl
e
sf
orat
hor
oughc
os
t
/
be
ne
f
i
ta
na
l
ys
i
sa
r
ef
a
rt
oogr
e
a
tt
o
s
i
mpl
i
f
ya
tt
hi
st
i
me
.Howe
ve
r
,t
he
r
ei
snoe
vi
de
nc
et
os
ugge
s
tt
ha
tr
e
f
uge
e
s
woul
dbeabur
de
nt
ot
heUSe
c
onomys
omuc
ha
st
he
ya
r
el
i
ke
l
yt
obeabe
ne
f
i
t
t
hr
ought
he
i
rne
ws
ki
l
ls
e
t
sa
ndt
hef
a
c
tt
ha
tt
hea
i
dpr
ovi
de
dt
ot
he
mwi
l
l
e
ve
nt
ua
l
l
yf
ol
dba
c
ki
nt
ot
hel
oc
a
l
,a
nde
ve
nt
ua
l
l
y
,t
hena
t
i
ona
le
c
onomy
.
Re
f
uge
er
e
s
e
t
t
l
e
me
nti
nt
heUni
t
e
dSt
a
t
e
si
spos
s
i
bl
ea
ndma
ypr
ovet
obe
l
uc
r
a
t
i
vei
ft
heUSi
sr
e
s
pons
i
bl
ee
nought
oe
ns
ur
et
hepr
ope
rs
t
a
ke
hol
de
r
sa
r
e
doi
ngt
he
i
rpa
r
ta
ndt
ha
tt
hos
es
t
a
ke
hol
de
r
st
r
ul
ybe
l
i
e
vei
nt
hemi
s
s
i
onofma
ki
ng
r
e
f
uge
e
sc
i
t
i
z
e
nsoft
heUni
t
e
dSt
a
t
e
s
.

G
a
r
c
i
aP
o
t
t
sWe
b
b

1
1

Ref
er
enc
es
J
a
c
obs
e
n,Ka
r
e
n."
Ca
nRe
f
uge
e
sBe
ne
f
i
tt
heSt
a
t
e
?Re
f
uge
eRe
s
our
c
e
sa
nd
Af
r
i
c
a
nSt
a
t
e
bui
l
di
ng.
"TheJ
our
na
lofMode
r
nAf
r
i
c
a
nSt
udi
e
s40.
4(
2002)
:
57796.J
STOR.
We
b.1
1Apr
.2016.
J
unke
r
,Si
mon,a
ndMa
r
c
e
lFr
a
t
z
s
c
he
r
."
I
nt
e
gr
a
t
i
ngRe
f
uge
e
s
.
"
DI
W Ec
onomi
cBul
l
e
t
i
n(
2015)
:61216.DI
W Ec
onomi
cBul
l
e
t
i
n.
Ge
r
ma
nI
ns
t
i
t
ut
eofEc
onomi
c
s
.

ht
t
p
:
/
/
www.
di
w.
d
e
/
d
o
c
u
me
n
t
s
/
pu
b
l
i
k
a
t
i
o
n
e
n
/
7
3
/
d
i
w_
0
1.
c
.
5
1
9
3
0
6
.
d
e
/
d
i
w_
e
c
o
n_
b
u
l
l
_
2
0
15454.
p
d
f

Of
f
i
c
eofRe
f
uge
eRe
s
e
t
t
l
e
me
nt
.
Annua
lRe
por
tt
oCongr
e
s
sFi
s
c
a
l
Ye
a
r2014.

Ma
r
c
h2014.
We
b.1
1Apr
.2016.
(
Cl
i
c
kPDFdownl
oa
da
tt
hi
sl
i
nkf
ora
l
lr
e
l
e
ve
nti
nf
or
ma
t
i
on.
)
h
t
t
p
:
/
/
www.
a
c
f
.
h
h
s
.
g
o
v
/
p
r
o
g
r
a
ms
/
o
r
r
/
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
/
o
f
f
i
c
e
o
f
r
e
f
u
g
e
e
r
e
s
e
t
t
l
e
me
n
t
a
n
n
u
a
l
r
e
p
o
r
t
t
o
c
o
n
g
r
e
s
s
2
0
1
4

TheWhi
t
eHous
eBl
og.
I
nf
ogr
a
phi
c
:TheSc
r
e
e
ni
ngPr
oc
e
s
sf
orRe
f
uge
eEnt
r
y
i
nt
ot
heUni
t
e
dSt
a
t
e
s
.
(
2015)De
put
yofHome
l
a
ndSe
c
ur
i
t
yAmyPope

ht
t
p
s
:
/
/
www.
whi
t
e
h
o
us
e
.
g
ov/
b
l
o
g
/
2
0
1
5
/
1
1
/
2
0/
i
n
f
o
g
r
a
p
hi
c
s
c
r
e
e
n
i
n
gpr
o
c
e
s
s
r
e
f
u
g
e
e
e
nt
r
y
un
i
t
e
ds
t
a
t
e
s

Ze
t
t
e
r
,Roge
r
."
For
c
e
dMi
gr
a
t
i
onRe
vi
e
w.
"For
c
e
dMi
gr
a
t
i
onRe
vi
e
w41(
2010)
:
5052.
Ar
eRe
f
uge
e
sa
nEc
onomi
cBur
de
norBe
ne
f
i
t
?For
c
e
dMi
gr
a
t
i
onRe
vi
e
w.
We
b.1
1Apr
.2016.
ht
t
p
:
/
/
www.
f
mr
e
v
i
e
w.
or
g
/
pr
e
v
e
n
t
i
n
g
/
z
e
t
t
e
r
.
h
t
ml

G
a
r
c
i
aP
o
t
t
sWe
b
b

1
2

You might also like